Exodus 38

^I “made” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.
^II “altar” = mizbeach. From zabach (to kill, slay, offer; slaughtering an animal to offer as a sacrifice). This is an altar.
^III “burnt offering” = olah. From alah (to go up, climb, approach, bring; to be high or actively climb; can be literal or figurative). This is a step, stairs, or some kind of ascent. It is also used for whole burnt offerings, being the offering in which the whole things is burned and rises as smoke. Burnt offerings were the least common of the offerings: most were eaten, shared with the priest and the one bringing the offering.
^IV “acacia” = shittah. This is acacia or shittim.
^V “wood” = ets. Perhaps from atsah (to shut, fasten, firm up, to close one’s eyes). This is tree or other things related to trees like wood, sticks, or stalks. It can also refer to wood products like a plank or staff or gallows. Additionally, this can refer to a carpenter.

^VI “five” = chamesh. This is five or fifth.
^VII “cubits” = ammah. From the same as em (mother). This is a cubit, post, threshold, pivot. It is mother as the basic measure (the length of the forearm). It is also mother as the which bonds an entryway i.e. the base of the door.
^VIII “long” = orek. From arak (to be long in a literal or figurative sense, to continue, defer, draw out). This is length, long, or forever.
^IX “wide” = rochab. From rachab (to grow wide or enlarge in a literal or figurative sense; extend, relieve, rejoice, or speak boldly). This is breadth, depth, thickness, expanse. It is width in a literal or figurative sense.

^X “was square” = raba. 12x in OT. From arba (four). This is to be square or four-sided. It may have a sense of sprawled out on all fours.
^XI “three” = shalosh. This is three, fork, three times.
^XII “high” = qomah. From qum (to arise, stand, accomplish, establish, abide; rising against, getting up after being sick or asleep, arising from one state to another, becoming powerful, or rising for action; standing in a figurative sense). This is tall, high, length, or height.
^XIII “horns” = qeren. This is horn or hill. It can be a flask or cornet, ivory, altar corner, mountain peak, or figuratively power.
^XIV “four” = arba. Related to “was square” in v1. See note X above.
^XV “corners” = pinnah. Perhaps from pen (corner, angle, street, wall). This is an angle, corner, cornerstone, tower, bulwark, pinnacle. Figuratively, it can be a chieftain.

^XVI “were” = hayah. This is to be or become, to happen.
^XVII “overlaid” = tsaphah. This is to spread, to cover with sheets (as with metal).
^XVIII “bronze” = nechosheth. Perhaps from nechushah (copper, bronze, brass – something made from this metal like a coin or fetter; something that is considered base in contrast to gold or silver.; from nachush (made of bronze or brass, coppery; figuratively, hard); from nachash (to divine, interpret omens, learn from experience, observe; to hiss). This is bronze, copper, steel, brass or something made from copper. So, it could be a coin or chains. It can also figuratively mean something considered lesser in contrast to gold or silver.

^XIX “all” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.
^XX “utensils” = keli. From kalah (to end, be finished, complete, prepare, consume, spent, or completely destroyed). This is something that was prepared – any implement, utensil, article, vessel, weapon, or instrument. Also includes jewels, weapons, bags, carriages, and furniture.
^XXI “pots” = siyr. From a root that may mean to boil. So it is a pot or pan. It can also be a thorn because it grows quickly or a hook.
^XXII “shovels” = ya. 9x in OT– all used of tools in the tabernacle/Temple From yaah (to sweep together, brush aside). This is a shovel.
^XXIII “basins” = mizraq. From zaraq (to toss, scatter, sprinkle). This is a bowl or basin. It comes from the root in the sense that it was used for sprinkling.
^XXIV “forks” = mazleg. 7x in OT– all related to the altar/Temple. Root may mean to draw up. This is fleshhook or fork – it is a utensil for sacrifices.
^XXV “firepans” = machtah. From chathah (to take, snatch up, carry fire). This is a censer or firepan that holds burning coals.

^XXVI “grating” = makber. 6x in OT– all in reference to the tabernacle. From the same as kabir (something braided or woven together; a pillow, quilt, or net); from kabar (to be many, multiply, increase amount or quality; properly, this is to braid or weave together). This is something that covers – a cloth woven like netting, a grate.
^XXVII “network” = maaseh + resheth. Maaseh is related to “made” in v1. From asah (see note I above). This is a work – any action whether positive or negative. It can also be a transaction, construction, activity, property, or something that is produced. Resheth is from yarash (inheriting or dispossessing; refers to occupying or colonizing – taking territory by driving out the previous inhabitants and living there instead of them; by implication, to seize or rob, to expel, ruin, or impoverish). This is a net used to capture animals.
^XXVIII “ledge” = karkob. 2x in OT– both in reference to the tabernacle. Perhaps from the same as Kabbon (Cabbon; a place name; root may mean to pile up). This is a border or rim.
^XXIX “extending halfway down” = mattah + ad + chatsi. Literally, “from the bottom to midway.” Mattah is 19x in OT. From natah (to stretch or spread out, extend, bend). This is downwards, bottom, under, lower. Chatsi is from chatsah (to halve, divide, reach, participate). This is half, middle, midnight, midst.

^XXX “cast” = yatsaq. This is to pour out, flow, wash away, or overflow. It can imply melting as one does to cast metal. By extension, it can refer to something being steadfast, stiffened, firmly in place.
^XXXI “rings” = tabbaath. From taba (to sink, drown, settle, or fasten). This is a signet ring or seal. It can also be used more broadly for rings in general.
^XXXII “corners” = qatsu. 4x in OT. From qatsah (to cut off, cut short; figuratively, to destroy). This is an end, edge, boundary, corner, or limit. It is also used twice for the “ends of the earth.”
^XXXIII “hold” = bayit. Probably from banah (to build, make, set up, obtain children; to build literally or figuratively). This is house, court, family, palace, temple.
^XXXIV “poles” = bad. From badad (to divide or be separated; alone, solitary, lonely, isolated, straggler). This is apart, alone, separation, body part, tree branch, except. It can also be a city’s chief.

^XXXV “put” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^XXXVI “sides” = tsela. Perhaps from tsala (to limp, be lame). This is rib, side, leaf, plank, side of a person or object; quarter of the sky.
^XXXVII “carry” = nasa. This is to lift in a broad sense, literally and figuratively. So it could be to carry, take, or arise. It could also be bring forth, advance, accept.
^XXXVIII “hollow” = nabab. 4x in OT. This is to pierce or hollow out. Figuratively, it can mean to be a fool.
^XXXIX “boards” = luach. Root likely means glistening, so this would refer to a tablet as being polished in some sense, whether it’s made of stone, wood, or metal.

^XL “basin” = kiyyor. From the same as kur (furnace, smelting pot). This is a firepot, basin, hearth, pulpit, scaffold.
^XLI “stand” = ken. 16x in OT. From the same as ken (to set upright; generally used figuratively for thus, so, afterwards, rightly so); perhaps from kun (properly, in a perpendicular position; literally, to establish, fix, fasten, prepare; figuratively, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous). This is a stand, place, right, honest, office.
^XLII “mirrors” = mar’ah. 11x in OT. From mareh (sight, appearance, or vision; a view, seeing itself, that which is seen, something real, or a vision one sees); from raah (to see, show, stare, think, view; to see in a literal or figurative sense). This is a vision or a looking glass.
^XLIII “women” = tsaba. 14x in OT. This is to wage war, serve, assemble, fight, perform, muster, wait on.

^XLIV “served” = tsaba. Same as “women” in v8. See note XLIII above.
^XLV “entrance” = pethach. From pathach (to open wide in a literal or figurative sense; to open, draw out, let something go free, break forth, to plow, engrave, or carve). This is any kind of opening – a door, entrance, gate.
^XLVI “tent” = ohel. Perhaps from ahal (to shine, be clear). This is a tent, covering, home, or side pillar.
^XLVII “meeting” = moed. From yaad (to appoint, assemble or gather selves, agree). This is a meeting, assembly, fixed time. It can be used for a festival or feast. It can also refer to a meeting place.

^XLVIII “court” = chatser. From chatsar (to blow a trumpet, trumpeter, to surround); from chatsotsrah (trumpet). This is an enclosure or court – a yard that is fenced in. It could also be a village or hamlet that is walled in.
^XLIX “south” = negeb + teman. Negeb has a root that may mean to be parched. The Negeb is the south country – sometimes used to refer to Egypt. This is a land that suffers from a lot of drought. Teman is from the same as yamin (right hand or side; that which is stronger or more agile; the south); {perhaps yamam (to go or choose the right, use the right hand; to be physically fit or firm)}. This is south, towards the south, wind from the south.
^L “side” = peah. From paah (to puff, scatter, cut in pieces) OR poh (here, side). This is a side, edge, region, temple, corner.

^LI “hangings” = qela. From qala (to sling, carve). This is something that hangs like a door screen, a door, a leaf or a sling.
^LII “fine twisted” = shazar. All in Exodus. This is to twist or twine.
^LIII “linen” = shesh. This refers to byssus flax, a bleached fabric – white linen. It can also figuratively refer to marble.
^LIV “hundred” = meah. This is hundred or some number times one hundred (i.e. hundredfold or the base of two hundred, three hundred, etc.).

^LV “twenty” = esrim. From the same as eser (ten, tenth). This is twenty or twentieth.
^LVI “pillars” = ammud. From amad (to stand up in a literal or figurative sense; to establish, continue, endure, take a stand, act, be a servant, stand still, remain, stand against an enemy). This is a pillar, stand, or platform.
^LVII “bases” = eden. From the same as adon (lord, master, owner); root means to rule or be sovereign. This is a base, pedestal, or foundation.
^LVIII “hooks” = vav. 13x in OT. This is a hook, pin, or peg. It is also the name of a letter in the Hebrew alphabet.
^LIX “bands” = chashuq. 8x in OT– all in reference to the Tabernacle. From chashaq (to cling, have a desire, love, join, deliver). This is a ring or band.
^LX “silver” = keseph. From kasaph (to long for, be greedy; to become pale). This is silver or money.

^LXI “north” = tsaphon. From tsaphan (to hide, hoard, reserve; to cover over or figuratively to deny; also to lurk). This is properly hidden, dark, or gloomy. It can also be used to refer to the north.
^LXII “side” = peah. Same as “side” in v9. See note L above.
^LXIII “west” = yam. Root may mean to roar. This is the sea, often referring to the Mediterranean. It comes from the root in the sense of the roar of crashing surf. This word is sometimes used for rivers or other sources of water. It can mean to the west or to the south.
^LXIV “side” = peah. Same as “side” in v9. See note L above.
^LXV “fifty” = chamishshim. Related to “five” in v1. From chamesh (see note VI above). This is fifty.
^LXVI “ten” = eser. Related to “twenty” in v10. See note LV above.

^LXVII “front” = peah. Same as “side” in v9. See note L above.
^LXVIII “east” = qedem + mizrach. Qedem is perhaps from qadam (to come in front or be in front; to meet, anticipate, confront, receive, or rise; sometimes to meet for help). This is front, formerly, before, east, eternal, everlasting, antiquity. Mizrach is from zarach (to rise, shine, or dawn; can also describe symptoms of leprosy). This is the east as the place where the sun rises. It can also refer to the sunrise itself.
^LXIX “one side” = katheph. Root may mean to clothe. This is shoulder, side, corner.
^LXX “fifteen” = chamesh + asar. Chamesh is the same as “five” in v1. See note VI above. Asar is related to “twenty” in v10 & “ten” in v12. From the same as eser (see note LV above). This is -teen or -teenth.

^LXXI “other” = sheni. From shanah (to fold, repeat, double, alter, or disguise). This is double, again, another, second.
^LXXII “side” = katheph. Same as “one side” in v14. See note LXIX above.
^LXXIII “gate” = shaar. May be related to sha’ar (to calculate or reckon; may come from a root that means to open up or split). This is a gate, door, or other opening like a port.
^LXXIV “around” = sabib. From sabab (turning around, going around; to surround, cast, walk, fetch; to revolve or border in a literal or figurative sense). This is a circuit or a circle. It could refer to an environment, one’s neighbors, or a circular path round about.

^LXXV “overlaying” = tsippuy. Related to “overlaid” in v2. 5x in OT. From tsaphah (see note XVII above). This is overlaying, covering – particularly with metal.
^LXXVI “capitals” = rosh. This may come a word that means to shake. It is the head, captain, or chief. It can also be excellent or the forefront. It can be first in position or in statue or in time (i.e. the beginning).
^LXXVII “banded” = chashaq. Related to “bands” in v10. 11x in OT. See note LIX above.
^LXXVIII “screen” = masak. From sakak (to cover or overshadow; to hedge or fence in; figuratively, to defend, protect, or join together). This is a covering, screen, or curtain. It could also refer to some kind of defense.
^LXXIX “entrance” = shaar. Same as “gate” in v15. See note LXXIII above.

^LXXX “embroidered with needlework” = maaseh + raqam. Maaseh is the same as “network” in v4. See note XXVII above. Raqam is 9x in OT– 8x in Exodus of materials for the tabernacle and priesthood & 1x in Psalm 139:15 of being “intricately woven in the depths of the earth.” This is to embroider, weave, vary color, fabricate.
^LXXXI “blue” = tekeleth. Perhaps from shechelet (something that is in incense; maybe onycha, a mussel); from the same as shachal (lion). This is violet or blue. It refers to a mussel that contains a dye or things dyed using that dye.
^LXXXII “purple” = argaman. This is purple or red-purple. It can refer to the color or something dyed in that color.

^LXXXIII “crimson yarns” = tola + shani. Tola is a worm or maggot, perhaps a crimson-grub of species coccus ilicis. It is used in the manufacture of red dye. So, this word could be crimson, purple, or something dyed in those colors. It could also refer to an oppressor. Shani is crimson or scarlet. It can also refer to the insect that the red dye is made from (coccus ilicis), the color of that dye, or things dyed with it (like thread).
^LXXXIV “corresponding to” = ummah. From im (with, against, before, beside); from amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together). This is close by, alike, parallel, corresponding.
^LXXXV “pegs” = yathed. This may come from a word that means to pin securely. This is a peg, a tent peg, a pin.
^LXXXVI “tabernacle” = mishkan. From shakan (to settle down in the sense of residing somewhere or staying there permanently; to abide or continue). This is a place where one lives – a tabernacle, tent, or other kind of dwelling. It can also be a lair where animals live, the grave, the Temple, or the Tabernacle.

^LXXXVII “records” = paqad. This is to attend to or visit – can be used for a friendly or violent encounter. So, it can be to oversee, care for, avenge, or charge.
^LXXXVIII “covenant” = eduth. From ed (witness, testimony, recorder); from ud (to admonish, repeat, duplicate, testify, restore, record, relieve). This is testimony, ordinance, decree, warning, or witness.
^LXXXIX “drawn up” = paqad. Same as “records” in v21. See note LXXXVII above.
^XC “commandment” = peh. Related to “side” in v9. Perhaps related to paah (see note L above). This is mouth in a literal or figurative sense. So, more literally, it can be beak or jaws. More figuratively, it refers to speech, commands, or promises.
^XCI “Moses” = Mosheh. From mashah (to pull out in a literal or figurative sense, to draw out) OR from Egyptian mes or mesu (child, son i.e. child of…). This is Moses – the one drawn out from the water, which is to say, rescued. If derived from the Egyptian, his name would share a root with Rameses and Thutmose.

^XCII “work” = abodah. From abad (to work, serve, compel; any kind of work; used causatively, can mean to enslave or keep in bondage). This is labor, service, bondage, job, servitude, worker. It can refer to any kind of work.
^XCIII “Levites” = Leviyyi. From Levi (Levi; perhaps meaning “attached”; Jacob’s son, his tribe, and descendants); perhaps from lavah (to join, twine, unite, remain, borrow, lend). This is Levite or levitical.
^XCIV “direction” = yad. This is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.

^XCV “Ithamar” = Ithamar. From i (coastland, island, or region. It is a desirable place to live – dry land, coast); {perhaps from avah (to desire, crave, wish for, lust after)} + tamar (root may mean being erect; a date palm or other palm tree; the root of Tamar’s name); {from the same as tomer (palm tree, the trunk of that tree, a post)}. This is Ithamar, a name meaning “land of palms” or “coast of the palm tree” or “palm coast.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ithamar.html
^XCVI “son” = ben. Related to “hold” in v5. From banah (see note XXXIII above). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense.
^XCVII “priest” = kohen. This is literally the one who officiates i.e. the priest. This is where the Jewish last name “Cohen” (and its variants) comes from.
^XCVIII “Aaron” = Aharon. Derivation uncertain. May mean “bearer of martyrs” OR be related to Ancient Egyptian ꜥḥꜣ rw (warrior lion) OR elevated, exalted, high mountain. This is Aaron. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Aaron

^XCIX “Bezalel” = Betsalel. 9x in OT. Probably from tsel (shade in a literal or figurative sense; shadow, shade, protection, shelter, or defense); {from tsalal (to be or become dark, shade; this is the shade as during twilight or shadow as associated with something opaque)} + el (God, a god) OR from batsal (onion) + el (God, a god). This is Bezalel or Bezaleleel or Betsalel. It means “in the shadow of God” or “in the protection of God” or “onion of God.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Bezalel.html
^C “Uri” = Uri. 8x in OT. From or (to be or become light, shine). This is Uri, meaning “fiery” or “light” or “the Lord is light” or “flame of the Lord” or “my light is the Lord” or “my flame.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Uri.html
^CI “Hur” = Chur. 15x in OT. From chavar (to be or become white or pale) OR from the same as chur (white things, white, white linen) OR from the same as chur (hole; a hole that was bored; a crevice where a snake lives; the cell of a prison). This is Hur or Chur, its meaning is uncertain.

^CII “tribe” = matteh. Related to “extending halfway down” in v4. From natah (see note XXIX above). This is a staff, rod, branch, or tribe. It could be a rod for discipline or correction. It could be a scepter to indicate authority, a throwing lance, or a walking staff. Figuratively, it could also be something that supports life (like bread).
^CIII “Judah” = Yehudah. Probably from yadah (to throw one’s hands into the air in a gesture of praise); from yad (hand). This is Judah, meaning “praised.”
^CIV “Lord” = YHVH. Related to “were” in v2. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (see note XVI above). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.
^CV “commanded” = tsavah. This is to charge, command, order, appoint, or enjoin. This is the root that the Hebrew word for “commandment” comes from (mitsvah).

^CVI “Oholiab” = Oholiab. Related to “tent” in v8. 5x in OT– all in Exodus. From ohel (see note XLVI above) + ab (father, ancestor, grandfather; father in a literal or figurative sense). This is Oholiab, meaning “father’s tent.”
^CVII “Ahisamach” = Achisamak. 3x in OT– all in Exodus. From ach (brother, kindred, another, other, like) + samak (to lean, rest, support, brace, uphold, sustain, or establish; to lean on in a positive or negative sense). This is Ahisamach or Achisamak, meaning “my brother has supported” or “brother of support”
^CVIII “Dan” = Dan. From din (to judge, defend, dispute, govern, quarrel, plead). This is Dan or a Danite. It means “judge” and can refer to Dan, his tribe, or the lands of the tribe.

^CIX “engraver” = charash. From charash (to scratch, which implies etching or plowing; to manufacture regardless of materials used; figuratively, to devise or conceal; a sense of secrecy; hence, being silent or left alone; speechless). This is an artisan, regardless of medium. So, for example, it could be an engrave, a blacksmith, a mason, and so on.
^CX “designer” = chashab. This is properly to braid or interpenetrate. Literally it is to create or to wear. Figuratively, it can mean plotting – generally in a negative sense. More broadly, this can also mean think, consider, or make account of.
^CXI “embroiderer” = raqam. Same as “embroidered with needlework” in v18. See note LXXX above.

^CXII “gold” = zahab. Root may mean to shimmer. This is gold or something that has the color of gold like oil. It can also refer to a clear sky – to good weather.
^CXIII “used” = asah. Same as “made” in v1. See note I above.
^CXIV “work” = melakah.  From the same as malak (messenger, an angel, or a deputy; human messengers literally or for prophets, priests, or teachers as messengers of God; also supernatural messengers i.e. angels). Properly, this is a deputyship or some kind of work. It can also be the product that comes from labor.
^CXV “construction” = melakah. Same as “work” in v24. See note CXIV above.
^CXVI “sanctuary” = qodesh. This is set apart and so sacred. God is different from us and so God is holy/set apart. Things we dedicate to God’s service are set apart for God and so they, too, are holy, etc.

^CXVII “offering” = tenuphah. From nuph (to rock back and forth, wave, sprinkle, quiver, beckon, offer, present). This is a wave offering. It could also refer to brandishing a weapon in answer to a threat.
^CXVIII “nine” = tesha. Perhaps from sha’ah (to gaze at, gaze around, regard – to look to, especially for help; to consider or be compassionate; to look at in amazement or while confounded). This is nine, perhaps as looking to the next number associated with fullness (10).
^CXIX “talents” = kikkar. From karar (to dance or whirl). This is round so it can refer to a circle, a circular region, a weight used for measurement, money, a loaf of bread that is round, a cover, a plain, or a valley in the Jordan.
^CXX “seven” = sheba. This is seven or by sevenfold. It can also be used to imply a week or an indefinite number. Symbolically, this is the number of fullness, sacredness, perfection.
^CXXI “thirty” = sheloshim. Related to “three” in v1. From the same as shalosh (see note XI above). This is thirty.
^CXXII “shekels” = sheqel. From shaqal (to weigh, spend, trade). This is shekel or sheqel. It is a unit of weight, generally used in trade.

^CXXIII “congregation” = edah. Related to “meeting” in v8 & “covenant” in v21. From yaad (see note XLVII above) OR from ed (see note LXXXVIII above). This is a congregation, assembly, or company. It could be a family, crowd, or fixture.
^CXXIV “counted” = paqad. Same as “records” in v21. See note LXXXVII above.
^CXXV “thousand” = eleph. Perhaps from the same as eleph (herd, cattle); from alaph (to learn, speak, associate with). This is thousand.
^CXXVI “seventy” = shibim. Related to “seven” in v24. From sheba (see note CXX above). This is seventy.

^CXXVII “beka” = beqa. 2x in OT. From baqa (to break open, breach, divide, rip, shake, tear; to dash into pieces or be ready to burst). This is a portion of a shekel, usually half. A beka is a particular unit of weight and also a size of coin.
^CXXVIII “head” = gulgoleth. 12x in OT. From galal (to roll in a literal or figurative sense, roll away, roll down, wallow, remove, trust). This is skull or head. It is a census or poll that counts people by head. It is also where “Golgotha” takes its name from.
^CXXIX “half” = machatsith. Related to “extending halfway down” in v4. 16x in OT. From chatsah (see note XXIX above). This is half or middle.

^CXXX “everyone” = kol. Same as “all” in v3. See note XIX above.
^CXXXI “counted in the census” = abar + al + paqad. Literally, “crossed over to be numbered.” Abar is to pass over or cross over. It is used for transitions, whether literal or figurative. It can also mean to escape, alienate, or fail. This is the root verb from which “Hebrew” is drawn. Paqad is from the same as “records” in v21. See note LXXXVII above.
^CXXXII “years” = shanah. From shana (to change, alter). This is a year, age, old. It can also mean yearly.
^CXXXIII “old” = ben. Same as “son” in v21. See note XCVI above.

^CXXXIV “up” = maal. Related to “burnt offering” in v1. From alah (see note III above). This is the upper part, forward, high above, upwards, greater, heaven, or exceedingly
^CXXXV “six” = shesh. This is six. Figuratively, it can be a surplus since it is one more than the number of fingers on the hand.
^CXXXVI “curtain” = paroketh. Perhaps from the same as perek (perhaps from a word meaning fracture or break apart, emphasizing the severity or the break; harshness, severity, cruelty; rigorously). This is something that separates – a screen, curtain, or veil.
^CXXXVII “entrance” = pethach. Same as “entrance” in v8. See note XLV above.