Exodus 39

I “blue” = tekeleth. Perhaps from shechelet (something that is in incense; maybe onycha, a mussel); from the same as shachal (lion). This is violet or blue. It refers to a mussel that contains a dye or things dyed using that dye.
^II “purple” = argaman. This is purple or red-purple. It can refer to the color or something dyed in that color.
^III “crimson yarns” = tola + shani. Tola is a worm or maggot, perhaps a crimson-grub of species coccus ilicis. It is used in the manufacture of red dye. So, this word could be crimson, purple, or something dyed in those colors. It could also refer to an oppressor. Shani is crimson or scarlet. It can also refer to the insect that the red dye is made from (coccus ilicis), the color of that dye, or things dyed with it (like thread).

^IV “made” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.
^V “finely worked” = serad. 4x in OT– all in Exodus. Perhaps from sarad (to escape or remain; properly, this refers to a puncture, so figuratively it is remaining or escaping by slipping out). This is finely woven or braided or stitched.
^VI “vestments” = beged. From bagad (to cover or conceal; figuratively, to act in a covert or treacherous way, to transgress or pillage). This is clothing, garment, robe, or some other kind of clothing. Figuratively, it can be treachery or pillaging.
^VII “ministering” = sharath. This is ministering, serving, or waiting on. It can refer to one offering service as a worshipper or one serving as a servant.
^VIII “holy” = qodesh. This is set apart and so sacred. God is different from us and so God is holy/set apart. Things we dedicate to God’s service are set apart for God and so they, too, are holy, etc.

^IX “sacred” = qodesh. Same as “holy” in v1. See note VIII above.
^X “Aaron” = Aharon. Derivation uncertain. May mean “bearer of martyrs” OR be related to Ancient Egyptian ꜥḥꜣ rw (warrior lion) OR elevated, exalted, high mountain. This is Aaron. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Aaron
^XI “Lord” = YHVH. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (to come to pass, become, be). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.
^XII “commanded” = tsavah. This is to charge, command, order, appoint, or enjoin. This is the root that the Hebrew word for “commandment” comes from (mitsvah).
^XIII “Moses” = Mosheh. From mashah (to pull out in a literal or figurative sense, to draw out) OR from Egyptian mes or mesu (child, son i.e. child of…). This is Moses – the one drawn out from the water, which is to say, rescued. If derived from the Egyptian, his name would share a root with Rameses and Thutmose.

^XIV “ephod” = ephod. This is an ephod, shoulder piece – perhaps a breastplate or apron. It can refer specifically to a ritual garment worn by the high priest. Alternately, it can refer to an image.
^XV “gold” = zahab. Root may mean to shimmer. This is gold or something that has the color of gold like oil. It can also refer to a clear sky – to good weather.
^XVI “fine twisted” = shazar. All in Exodus. This is to twist or twine.
^XVII “linen” = shesh. This refers to byssus flax, a bleached fabric – white linen. It can also figuratively refer to marble.

^XVIII “leaf” = pach. From pachach (to trap, lay a net). This is a snare or bird trap. It can also refer to a sheet of metal hammered into a thin plate.
^XIX “hammered out” = raqa. 11x in OT. This is to beat the earth in a fit of passion. By analogy, it is to hammer something so that it is spread out or spread thin. By extension, it is decoratively overlaying something with metal.
^XX “cut” = qatsats. 14x in OT. This is to cut or chop off in a literal or figurative sense. It an also be to cut in pieces.
^XXI “threads” = pathil. 11x in OT. From pathal (to twist, twine, wrestle, struggle, behave in an unsavory way). This is a cord, string, twine, lace, thread.
^XXII “work” = asah. Same as “made” in v1. See note IV above.
^XXIII “into” = tavek. This is among, middle, in the midst, the center. Perhaps, properly, to sever.

^XXIV {untranslated} = tavek. Same as “into” in v3. See note XXIII above.
^XXV {untranslated} = tavek. Same as “into” in v3. See note XXIII above.
^XXVI “skilled” = chashab. This is properly to braid or interpenetrate. Literally it is to create or to wear. Figuratively, it can mean plotting – generally in a negative sense. More broadly, this can also mean think, consider, or make account of.
^XXVII “design” = maaseh. Related to “made” in v1. From asah (see note IV above). This is a work – any action whether positive or negative. It can also be a transaction, construction, activity, property, or something that is produced.

^XXVIII “shoulder pieces” = katheph. Root may mean to clothe. This is shoulder, side, corner.
^XXIX “joined” = chabar. This is to unite, ally, attach, touch. It is to join in a literal or figurative sense. Also, specially, using magic knots or spells to fascinate or connect.
^XXX “two” = shenayim. From sheni (double, again, another, second); from shanah (to fold, repeat, double, alter, or disguise). This is two, both, second, couple.
^XXXI “edges” = qetsath. 5x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew qetsath (end, part, portion, after); from qatsah (to cut off, cut short; figuratively, to destroy). This is end, edge, partly, over.

^XXXII “decorated band” = chesheb. Related to “skilled” in v3. 8x in OT– 7x in Exodus & 1x in Leviticus of the ephod. From chashab (see note XXVI above). This is a woven band or belt, artistically rendered.
^XXXIII {untranslated} = aphuddah. Related to “ephod” in v2. 3x in OT. From the same as ephod (see note XIV above). This is ephod, ornament, or metal plating.
^XXXIV “workmanship” = maaseh. Same as “design” in v3. See note XXVII above.

^XXXV “onyx” = shoham. 11x in OT. This is some kind of gem – it may be an onyx or beryl. The root may mean to blanch.
^XXXVI “stones” = eben. This is a stone, weight, or mason. It is part of the word “Ebenezer.”
^XXXVII “prepared” = asah. Same as “made” in v1. See note IV above.
^XXXVIII “enclosed” = musabbah. 4x in OT. Perhaps from musab (surrounding, winding around); from the same as sabab (turning around, going around; to surround, cast, walk, fetch; to revolve or border in a literal or figurative sense). This is mount, enclosed, swinging. Broadly, it’s a reversal, like the other side of a gem or the change of a name.
^XXXIX “filigree” = mishbetsah. 9x in OT– 8x of items for Temple worship. From shabats (to weave in a checkered pattern, braided, embroidered, setting gems in gold, filigree). This is filigree, interwove, brocade, gems set in gold.

^XL “engraved” = pathach. This is to open wide in a literal or figurative sense. So, it is open, draw out, let something go free, break forth. It can also mean to plow, engrave, or carve.
^XLI “engravings” = pathach. Same as “engraved” in v6. See note XL above.
^XLII “signet” = chotham. 14x in OT. From chatham (to seal, close up, shut, stop, bring to an end; used especially for affixing a seal). This is a seal or signet ring.
^XLIII “names” = shem. May be from sim (to put, place, set). This is name, fame, renown. A name was thought to indicate something essential about a person – something about their individuality. So, this word can also mean honor, authority, or character.

^XLIV “sons” = ben. From banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense.
^XLV “Israel” = Yisrael. From sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + el (God or god). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.
^XLVI “set” = sim. Related to “names” in v6. See note XLIII above.
^XLVII “remembrance” = zikkaron. From zakar (to remember, to mark something so that it can be recalled, to be mindful of, to mention). This is remembrance, memorial, or record. It can also be a day that is memorable.

^XLVIII “breastpiece” = choshen. May come from a word that means to hold within or sparkle. It is a breastpiece, perhaps with special reference to a pocket or having gems. It is only used of the high priest’s breastpiece.
^XLIX “work” = maaseh. Same as “design” in v3. See note XXVII above.
^L “work” = maaseh. Same as “design” in v3. See note XXVII above.
^LI “was square” = raba + hayah. Raba is 12x in OT. From arba (four). This is to be square or four-sided. It may have a sense of sprawled out on all fours. Hayah is related to “Lord” in v1. See note XI above.
^LII “double” = kaphal. 5x in OT– all in reference to the tabernacle and the breastplate. This is to double over, fold, repeat.

^LIII “span” = zeret. 7x in OT. Perhaps from zarah (to scatter or toss around; to disperse, cast away, scrutinize). This is the distance that you get when you spread your fingers, which is to say, a span.
^LIV “length” = orek. From arak (to be long in a literal or figurative sense, to continue, defer, draw out). This is length, long, or forever.
^LV “width” = rochab. From rachab (to grow wide or enlarge in a literal or figurative sense; extend, relieve, rejoice, or speak boldly). This is breadth, depth, thickness, expanse. It is width in a literal or figurative sense.

^LVI “set” = male. This is fill, satisfy, replenish, accomplish, fulfill, confirm, or consecrate. It is fill in a literal or figurative sense.
^LVII “four” = arba. Related to “was square” in v9. See note LI above.
^LVIII “rows” = tur. May come from a word that means to arrange in an evenly spaced way. So, it can be row or wall.
^LIX “carnelian” = odem. 3x in OT. From the same as adom (to be red or flushed). This is some kind of red stone like a carnelian or a ruby.
^LX “chrysolite” = pitdah. 4x in OT. Perhaps related to Sanskrit pita (yellow). This is some kind of gem, perhaps a chrysolite or a topaz.

^LXI “emerald” = bareqeth. 3x in OT. From baraq (lightning; figuratively, a gleaming or glittering; concretely, a flashing sword); from baraq (to flash, a flash of lightning). This is a precious stone that flashes. It could be a carbuncle or an emerald.
^LXII “first” = echad. Perhaps from achad (to unify, continue on a path; figuratively, to gather one’s thoughts). This is the number one, first, united. It can also be alone, altogether, a certain, a few.
^LXIII “second” = sheni. Related to “two” in v4. See note XXX above.
^LXIV “turquoise” = nophek. 4x in OT. This is a gemstone. It may come from a word that means to gleam or shine. It could be a turquoise or an emerald.

^LXV “sapphire” = sappir. 11x in OT. Perhaps from Sanskrit sanipriya (“dark-colored stone – lit “dear to Saturn”) OR from saphar (to tally or record something; to enumerate, recount, number, celebrate, or declare); {from sepher (writing itself or something that is written like a document, book, letter, evidence, bill, scroll, or register)}. This is a sapphire or lapis lazuli – a gem. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sapphire
^LXVI “moonstone” = yahalom. 3x in OT. From halam (to strike, hammer, smash, beat, overcome, conquer). This is a hard gemstone. It could be diamond or moonstone or jasper.
^LXVII “third” = shelishi. From shalosh (three, fork, triad). This is third or one-third of something.
^LXVIII “jacinth” = leshem. 2x in OT. This is a gemstone. It might be amber or jacinth.

^LXIX “agate” = shebo. 2x in OT. Perhaps related to shabah (to take captive, keep, a captor). This is some kind of sparkling precious stone. It may be an agate.
^LXX “amethyst” = achlamah. 2x in OT. Perhaps from chalam (properly, to bind solidly and so to be plump; to be healthy or strong, to recover; figuratively, to dream). This is a precious gem, perhaps an amethyst.
^LXXI “fourth” = rebii. Related to “was square” in v9 & “four” in v10. From the same as arba (see note LI above). This is fourth or square.
^LXXII “beryl” = tarshish. 7x in OT. Perhaps from Persian Tarshata (his excellency) OR from tarsata (feared, revered) OR from rashash (to break down, shatter; perhaps subjection) OR tor (dove) + shayish (alabaster, white, crystal). This is some kind of gem – it might be yellow jasper, topaz, or beryl. See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Tarshish.html#.XoD6bKhKhPY

^LXXIII “jasper” = yashepheh. 3x in OT. Perhaps a loan word from Persian, rendered similarly in Arabic and perhaps related to Assyrian. Root may mean to polish. This is some kind of precious gem, perhaps a jasper.
^LXXIV “settings” = mishbetsah. Same as “filigree” in v6. See note XXXIX above.
^LXXV “filigree” = milluah. Related to “set” in v10. 3x in OT. From millu (fulfilling; used either of inlaid gems or other settings; consecration, ordination, or sacrifices related to that); from male (see note LVI above). This is something enclosed – like a setting for jewelry. It can also be filigree.

^LXXVI “twelve” = shenayim + asar. Shenamyim is the same as “two” in v4. See note XXX above. Asar is from the same as eser (ten). It is -teen or -teenth.
^LXXVII “engraved” = pittuach. Related to “engraved” in v6. 10x in OT. From pathach (see note XL above). This is a sculpture or inscription.
^LXXVIII “each” = ish. Perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is man, husband, another, or humankind.
^LXXIX “tribes” = shebet. This is a rod, staff, club, scepter, dart, or tribe. Literally a stick that can be used for punishing, writing, fighting, walking, ruling; thus, used figuratively for a clan.

^LXXX “chains” = sharsherah. 7x in OT. From the same as shor (body, umbilical cord, core of strength); {perhaps from sharar (enemy or watcher); akin to shur (to behold, see, watch, perceive; to spy out, lie in wait, lurk for; can also be to care for)} OR from sharash (to root into soil or uproot); {from shoresh (a root, depth, line, heel, bottom; root in a literal or figurative sense)}. This is a chain. When it’s an architectural element, it may well be a garland.
^LXXXI “pure” = tahor. From taher (bright, which implies being pure or clean; to purge, cleanse, or purify; clean in a ritual sense or a moral one (i.e. moral or holy)). This is clean or pure in a literal, ritual, or ethical sense.
^LXXXII “twisted like cords” = gabluth + maaseh + aboth. Gabluth is 2x in OT. From the same as gebul (boundary, limit, coast, space; properly, a line that is twisted, which implies a boundary and, by extension, the boundaries of a territory or other enclosed space); perhaps from gabal (to border, twist like rope). This is twisting – can refer to a chain or lace. Maaseh is the same as “design” in v3. See note XXVII above. Aboth is from abath (to weave, wind, or interlace). This is a cord, string, band, wreath, branch, or foliage.

^LXXXIII “rings” = tabbaath. From taba (to sink, drown, settle, or fasten). This is a signet ring or seal. It can also be used more broadly for rings in general.
^LXXXIV “put” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.
^LXXXV “edges” = qatsah. Related to “edges” in v4. From qatseh (end, brink, border, edge, frontier; that which is within set boundaries); from qatsah (see note XXXI above). This is an end, corner, outer limit, coast, corner, fringe.
^LXXXVI “cords” = aboth. Same as “twisted like cords” in v15. See note LXXXII above.
^LXXXVII “edges” = qatsah. Same as “edges” in v16. See note LXXXV above.

^LXXXVIII “ends” = qatsah. Same as “edges” in v16. See note LXXXV above.
^LXXXIX “attached” = natan. Same as “put” in v16. See note LXXXIV above.
^XC “front” = mul + paneh. Mul is perhaps from mul (to cut short, circumcise, blunt, destroy). This is in front of, opposite, with, abrupt. Literally, it refers to some kind of precipice. Paneh is from panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.

^XCI “inside” = bayit. Related to “sons” in v6. Probably from banah (see note XLIV above). This is house, court, family, palace, temple.
^XCII “edge” = saphah. This is lip, edge, border, bank – used for a boundary. It can also be speech or language.
^XCIII “next to” = el + eber. Eber is from abar (to pass over, pass through, or pass by; cross over or to alienate; used for transitions). This is the place across or beyond, by, from, other, the opposite side, against, over. It often refers to the other side of the Jordan river or toward the east.

^XCIV “lower part” = mattah + mul + paneh. Mattah is 19x in OT. From natah (to stretch or spread out, extend, bend). This is downwards, bottom, under, lower. Mul & paneh are the same as “front” in v18. See note XC above.
^XCV “at” = ummah. From im (with, against, before, beside); from amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together). This is close by, alike, parallel, corresponding.
^XCVI “joining” = machbereth. Related to “joined” in v4. 8x in OT– all in reference to the tabernacle and ephod. From chabar (see note XXIX above). This is something joined, a set, seam.
^XCVII “above” = maal. From alah (to go up, ascend, be high, be a priority; to arise in a literal or figurative sense). This is the upper part, forward, high above, upwards, greater, heaven, or exceedingly.

^XCVIII “bound” = rakas. 2x in OT. This is to bind or tie.
^XCIX “cord” = pathil. Same as “threads” in v3. See note XXI above.
^C “lie” = hayah. Same as “was square” in v9. See note LI above.
^CI “come loose” = zachach. 2x in OT. This is to remove or come loose.

^CII “robe” = meil. From maal (to cover up; figuratively, to act in a covert or treacherous way, to be unfaithful or transgress). This is a robe, mantle, or cloak – an outer garment.
^CIII “woven” = maaseh + arag. Maaseh is same as “design” in v3. See note XXVII above. Arag is 13x in OT. This is to weave or plait. It can also refer to someone who weaves.
^CIV “all” = kalil. 15x in OT. From kalal (to complete, make something perfect). This is entire, perfect, pure, or wholly. For a burnt offering, it can mean burned wholly.

^CV “opening” = peh. This is mouth in a literal or figurative sense. So, more literally, it can be beak or jaws. More figuratively, it refers to speech, commands, or promises.
^CVI “middle” = tavek. Same as “into” in v3. See note XXIII above.
^CVII “garment” = tachra. 2x in OT – both of the priestly vestment in Exodus. Perhaps from charah (to be displeased, burn with anger, glow, become warn; figuratively a blaze of anger, zeal, or jealousy). This is a garment, perhaps a coat of mail or linen corselet.

^CVIII “binding” = saphah. Same as “edge” in v19. See note XCII above.
^CIX “around” = sabib. Related to “enclosed” in v6. From sabab (see note XXXVIII above). This is a circuit or a circle. It could refer to an environment, one’s neighbors, or a circular path round about.
^CX “edge” = peh. Same as “opening” in v23. See note CV above.
^CXI “torn” = qara. This is to tear or cut out in a literal or figurative sense. It an also be to revile or to apply eye make up – as though they are made to look larger.

^CXII “hem” = shul. 11x in OT. May come from a word that refuses to hanging. So, it is a lower hem or a robe’s train.
^CXIII “pomegranates” = rimmon. Of foreign origin OR from ramam (to rise in a literal or figurative sense; to get up or exalt). This is a pomegranate or a decoration in that shape. It can also refer to the pomegranate tree.
^CXIV “bells” = paamon. 7x in OT. From paam (to move, trouble; to tap in a regular rhythm; to agitate). This is a bell, as something played by striking it.
^CXV “between” = tavek. Same as “into” in v3. See note XXIII above.

^CXVI “tunics” = kethoneth. Root may mean to cover. This is a tunic, coat, or other kind of garment.
^CXVII “turban” = mitsnepheth. 12x in OT. From tsanaph (to wrap or wind up). This is turban or diadem. It is worn as a mark of status – like a king or high priest.
^CXVIII “headdresses” = p’er + migbaoth. P’er is 7x in OT. From paar (to beautify or adorn, to gleam; can refer to showing honor or glorifying someone; also to boast or to shake a tree for harvest). This is beauty or embellishment. It is used of priestly headdresses, garlands, ornaments, and turbans. Migbaoth is 4x in OT. Perhaps from gibah (hill or little hill); from the same as Geba (Geba or Gibeah; hillock); from the same as gabia (cup, bowl, flower; root might mean being convex). This is a headdress, cap, or turban of some kind.

^CXIX “linen” = bad. Perhaps from badad (to divide or be separated; alone, solitary, lonely, isolated, straggler). This is white linen as a fabric of divide fibers, flaxen thread, or yarn.
^CXX “undergarments” = miknas. 5x in OT. From kanas (to gather, assemble, enfold). This is an undergarment or breeches.
^CXXI “linen” = shesh. Same as “linen” in v2. See note XVII above.
^CXXII “sash” = abnet. 9x in OT. This is a sash or belt.
^CXXIII “linen” = shesh. Same as “linen” in v2. See note XVII above.
^CXXIV “embroidered with needlework” = maaseh + raqam. Maaseh is the same as “design” in v3. See note XXVII above. Raqam is 9x in OT– 8x in Exodus of materials for the tabernacle and priesthood & 1x in Psalm 139:15 of being “intricately woven in the depths of the earth.” This is to embroider, weave, vary color, fabricate.

^CXXV “rosette” = tsiyts. 15x in OT. From tsuts (to twinkle, shine, blossom; figuratively to flourish). This is a blossom or flower. In the sense of glistening, it could also be a polished plate or the wing of a bird.
^CXXVI “diadem” = nezer. From nazar (to dedicate, set apart, fast, keep self from impurity, refrain from worship; to consecrate for a holy purpose). This is something set apart, so it is a consecration. It could be used for one who takes the Nazirite vow or a priest. In reference to the Nazirite vow, it can also refer to uncut hair. It can also refer to a crown, as of a king.
^CXXVII “wrote” = kathab. This is to inscribe, write, record, or decree.
^CXXVIII “inscription” = miktab. Related to “wrote” in v30. 9x in OT. From kathab (see note CXXVII above). This is a writing, inscription, document, letter.
^CXXIX “engraving” = pittuach. Same as “engraved” in v14. See note LXXVII above.

^CXXX “tied” = natan. Same as “put” in v16. See note LXXXIV above.
^CXXXI “cord” = pathil. Same as “threads” in v3. See note XXI above.
^CXXXII “fasten” = natan. Same as “put” in v16. See note LXXXIV above.
^CXXXIII “all” = kol. Related to “all” in v22. From kalal (see note CIV above). This is all or every.
^CXXXIV “work” = abodah. From abad (to work, serve, compel; any kind of work; used causatively, can mean to enslave or keep in bondage). This is labor, service, bondage, job, servitude, worker. It can refer to any kind of work.
^CXXXV “tabernacle” = mishkan. From shakan (to settle down in the sense of residing somewhere or staying there permanently; to abide or continue). This is a place where one lives – a tabernacle, tent, or other kind of dwelling. It can also be a lair where animals live, the grave, the Temple, or the Tabernacle.

^CXXXVI “tent” = ohel. Perhaps from ahal (to shine, be clear). This is a tent, covering, home, or side pillar.
^CXXXVII “meeting” = moed. From yaad (to appoint, assemble or gather selves, agree). This is a meeting, assembly, fixed time. It can be used for a festival or feast. It can also refer to a meeting place.
^CXXXVIII “finished” = kalah. This is to end, be finished, complete, prepare, consume, spent, or completely destroyed.

^CXXXIX “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Literally, “children of Israel.” Ben is the same as “sons” in v6. See note XLIV above. Yisrael is the same as “Israel” in v6. See note XLV above.
^CXL “done” = asah. Same as “made” in v1. See note IV above.
^CXLI “everything” = kol. Same as “all” in v32. See note CXXXIII above.
^CXLII {untranslated} = ken + asah. Literally, “so, they did.” Ken is perhaps from kun (properly, in a perpendicular position; literally, to establish, fix, fasten, prepare; figuratively, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous). This is to set upright. Generally used figuratively to mean thus, so, afterwards, rightly so. Asah is the same as “made” in v1. See note IV above.

^CXLIII “brought” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^CXLIV “all” = kol. Same as “all” in v32. See note CXXXIII above.
^CXLV “utensils” = keli. Related to “finished” in v32. From kalah (see note CXXXVIII above). This is something that was prepared – any implement, utensil, article, vessel, weapon, or instrument. Also includes jewels, weapons, bags, carriages, and furniture.
^CXLVI “clasps” = qeres. 10x in OT– all in reference to the tabernacle. From qaras (to stoop, crouch, protrude; to be hunchbacked). This is a clasp or hook.

^CXLVII “frames” = qeresh. This may come from a word that means to split off. So, it is a plank or board. It can also refer to a ship’s deck.
^CXLVIII “bars” = beriach. From barach (to flee, drive away, hurry, to bolt). This is a bar or a bolt. It can also be used for a fugitive.
^CXLIX “pillars” = ammud. From amad (to stand up in a literal or figurative sense; to establish, continue, endure, take a stand, act, be a servant, stand still, remain, stand against an enemy). This is a pillar, stand, or platform.
^CL “bases” = eden. From the same as adon (lord, master, owner); root means to rule or be sovereign. This is a base, pedestal, or foundation.

^CLI “covering” = mikseh. 16x in OT. From kasah (to cover, conceal, overwhelm; to cover as clothes do or to hide a secret). This is a covering.
^CLII “tanned” = adom. Related to “carnelian” in v10. 10x in OT. See note LIX above.
^CLIII “rams’” = ayil. From the same as ul (mighty, strength, body, belly; root may mean to twist and that implies strength and power). This is strength so it is used to indicate things that are strong or powerful: political chiefs, rams, posts, trees, oaks.
^CLIV “skins” = or. Perhaps from ur (to be made naked, exposed, or bare). This is skin, hide, or leather. It can also refer to a body.

^CLV “fine” = tachash. 14x in OT. This is some kind of leather taken from a furry animal. It may be an antelope or badger. It is often translated fine, but it used to often be porpoise.
^CLVI “leather” = or. Same as “skins” in v34. See note CLIV above.
^CLVII “curtain” = paroketh. Perhaps from the same as perek (perhaps from a word meaning fracture or break apart, emphasizing the severity or the break; harshness, severity, cruelty; rigorously). This is something that separates – a screen, curtain, or veil.
^CLVIII “screen” = masak. From sakak (to cover or overshadow; to hedge or fence in; figuratively, to defend, protect, or join together). This is a covering, screen, or curtain. It could also refer to some kind of defense.

^CLIX “ark” = aron. Perhaps from arah (to gather or pluck). This is a chest, box, or coffin. It is used for the Ark of the Covenant.
^CLX “covenant” = eduth. From ed (witness, testimony, recorder); from ud (to admonish, repeat, duplicate, testify, restore, record, relieve). This is testimony, ordinance, decree, warning, or witness.
^CLXI “poles” = bad. Related to “linen” in v28. From badad (see note CXIX above). This is apart, alone, separation, body part, tree branch, except. It can also be a city’s chief.
^CLXII “cover” = kapporeth. From the same as kopher (ransom, bribe, price of a life; something that covers something else; a village, bitumen as a coating, a henna plant that dyes, a ransom price); from kaphar (to appease, cover, pacify, cancel, cleanse, pardon). This is the lid on top of the ark – the mercy seat.

^CLXIII “table” = shulchan. Perhaps from shalach (to send, send for, forsake). This is a table or meal.
^CLXIV “all” = kol. Same as “all” in v32. See note CXXXIII above.
^CLXV “bread” = lechem. From lacham (to eat, feed on). This is bread, food, loaf. It can refer to food more generally for people or for animals.
^CLXVI “Presence” = paneh. Same as “front” in v18. See note XC above.

^CLXVII “lampstand” = menorah. From the same as ner (properly, to glisten; a lamp, light, burner, candle; light literal or figurative). This is a lampstand or candlestick.
^CLXVIII The phrase “pure lampstand” reads hammenorah hattehorah in Hebrew.
^CLXIX “lamps” = ner. Related to “lampstand” in v37.See note CLXVII above.
^CLXX “set” = maarakah. 19x in OT. From arak (to arrange by setting in a row; to set a battle, estimate, put in order, or compare). This is a row or rank. More broadly, it chayan refer to a formation such as used in a military setting or any other ordered arrangement.

^CLXXI “all” = kol. Same as “all” in v32. See note CXXXIII above.
^CLXXII “oil” = shemen. From shamen (to shine, which implies being oily, growing fat). This is fat, oil, grease, olive oil – often with perfume. Used figuratively for fertile, lavish, rich.
^CLXXIII “light” = maor. 19x in OT. From or (to be or become light, shine). This is light as an element, something that gives off light, the quality of brightness, or cheerfulness.

^CLXXIV “golden” = zahab. Same as “gold” in v2. See note XV above.
^CLXXV “altar” = mizbeach. From zabach (to kill, slay, offer; slaughtering an animal to offer as a sacrifice). This is an altar.
^CLXXVI “anointing” = mishchah. From mashach (to smear or anoint; to run oil on, to consecrate). This is the act of anointing, ointment, or a consecrated thing.
^CLXXVII “fragrant” = sam. 16x in OT. This is spice, fragrant, a sweet smell.
^CLXXVIII “incense” = qetoreth. From the same as qitor (thick smoke, vapor). This is smoke, incense, the scent of the sacrifice as it burned.
^CLXXIX “entrance” = pethach. Related to “engraved” in v6 & “engraved” in v14. From pathach (see note XL above). This is any kind of opening – a door, entrance, gate.

^CLXXX “bronze” = nechosheth. Perhaps from nechushah (copper, bronze, brass – something made from this metal like a coin or fetter; something that is considered base in contrast to gold or silver.; from nachush (made of bronze or brass, coppery; figuratively, hard); from nachash (to divine, interpret omens, learn from experience, observe; to hiss). This is bronze, copper, steel, brass or something made from copper. So, it could be a coin or chains. It can also figuratively mean something considered lesser in contrast to gold or silver.
^CLXXXI “grating” = makber. 6x in OT– all in reference to the tabernacle. From the same as kabir (something braided or woven together; a pillow, quilt, or net); from kabar (to be many, multiply, increase amount or quality; properly, this is to braid or weave together). This is something that covers – a cloth woven like netting, a grate.
^CLXXXII “all” = kol. Same as “all” in v32. See note CXXXIII above.
^CLXXXIII “basin” = kiyyor. From the same as kur (furnace, smelting pot). This is a firepot, basin, hearth, pulpit, scaffold.
^CLXXXIV “stand” = ken. Related to {untranslated} in v32. 16x in OT. From the same as ken (see note CXLI above). This is a stand, place, right, honest, office.

^CLXXXV “hangings” = qela. From qala (to sling, carve). This is something that hangs like a door screen, a door, a leaf or a sling.
^CLXXXVI “court” = chatser. From chatsar (to blow a trumpet, trumpeter, to surround); from chatsotsrah (trumpet). This is an enclosure or court – a yard that is fenced in. It could also be a village or hamlet that is walled in.
^CLXXXVII “gate” = shaar. May be related to sha’ar (to calculate or reckon; may come from a root that means to open up or split). This is a gate, door, or other opening like a port.
^CLXXXVIII “cords” = methar. 9x in OT. From yathar (to jut over, remain behind, preserve, to excel). This is a cord as part of a tent or a string belonging to a bow.

^CLXXXIX “pegs” = yathed. This may come from a word that means to pin securely. This is a peg, a tent peg, a pin.
^CXC “all” = kol. Same as “all” in v32. See note CXXXIII above.
^CXCI “service” = abodah. Same as “work” in v32. See note CXXXIV above.
^CXCII “priest” = kohen. This is literally the one who officiates i.e. the priest. This is where the Jewish last name “Cohen” (and its variants) comes from.
^CXCIII “serve as priests” = kahan. Related to “priest” in v41. From kohen (see note CXCII above). This is officiating as a priest does over religious service. It can also figuratively mean donning regalia or formal ornamentation/attire.

^CXCIV “all” = kol. Same as “all” in v32. See note CXXXIII above.
^CXCV “work” = abodah. Same as “work” in v32. See note CXXXIV above.
^CXCVI Literally, “so, they did.” See note CXLII above.
^CXCVII “saw” = raah. This is to see in a literal or figurative sense so stare, advise, think, view.
^CXCVIII {untranslated} = hinneh. From hen (lo! Behold! If, though; an expression of surprise). This is to draw attention, show suddenness or surprise, or to emphasize the importance of the coming statement. See! Lo! Behold!

^CXCIX “all” = kol. Same as “all” in v32. See note CXXXIII above.
^CC “work” = melakah. From the same as malak (messenger, an angel, or a deputy; human messengers literally or for prophets, priests, or teachers as messengers of God; also supernatural messengers i.e. angels). Properly, this is a deputyship or some kind of work. It can also be the product that comes from labor.
^CCI “blessed” = barak. This is to kneel, to bless. It is blessing God as part of worship and adoration or blessing humans to help them. It can be used as a euphemism to say curse God.