Leviticus 23

^I “Lord” = YHVH. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (to come to pass, become, be). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.
^II “spoke” = dabar. This is generally to speak, answer, declare, or command. It might mean to arrange and so to speak in a figurative sense as arranging words.
^III “Moses” = Mosheh. From mashah (to pull out in a literal or figurative sense, to draw out) OR from Egyptian mes or mesu (child, son i.e. child of…). This is Moses – the one drawn out from the water, which is to say, rescued. If derived from the Egyptian, his name would share a root with Rameses and Thutmose.

^IV “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Literally, “children of Israel.” Ben is from banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense. Yisrael is from sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + el (God or god). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.
^V “appointed festivals” = moed. From yaad (to appoint, assemble or gather selves, agree). This is a meeting, assembly, fixed time. It can be used for a festival or feast. It can also refer to a meeting place.
^VI “proclaim” = qara. This is to call or call out – to call someone by name. Also used more broadly for calling forth.
^VII “holy” = qodesh. This is set apart and so sacred. God is different from us and so God is holy/set apart. Things we dedicate to God’s service are set apart for God and so they, too, are holy, etc.
^VIII “convocations” = miqra. Related to “proclaim” in v2. From qara (see note VI above). This is a convocation, assembly, public meeting. It can refer to the place where the meeting is happening or the people meeting.

^IX “six” = shesh. This is six. Figuratively, it can be a surplus since it is one more than the number of fingers on the hand.
^X “days” = yom. Root may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.
^XI “work” = melakah. From the same as malak (messenger, an angel, or a deputy; human messengers literally or for prophets, priests, or teachers as messengers of God; also supernatural messengers i.e. angels). Properly, this is a deputyship or some kind of work. It can also be the product that comes from labor.
^XII “done” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.
^XIII “seventh” = shebii. From sheba (seven – the number of perfection/sacred fullness). This is seventh.
^XIV “Sabbath” = Shabbath. From shabath (to rest, stop, repose, cease working; by implication, to celebrate). This is sabbath, literally meaning rest or intermission.

^XV “complete rest” = shabbaton. Related to “Sabbath” in v3. 11x in OT. From shabath (see note XIV above). This is a holiday, rest, a day to take a sabbath from work.
^XVI {untranslated} = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.
^XVII “throughout” = kol. Same as {untranslated} in v3. See note XVI above.
^XVIII “settlements” = moshab. From yashab (to sit and so to remain and so to dwell; sitting for any reason – as a judge, in order to ambush, or just sitting quietly; can mean settling or marrying; continue, endure, or establish). This is dwelling, seat, assembly, settlement, population.

^XIX “celebrate” = qara. Same as “proclaim” in v2. See note VI above.
^XX “time appointed” = moed. Same as “appointed festivals” in v2. See note V above.
^XXI “first” = rishon. From rishah (beginning or early time); from rosh (head, captain, or chief; excellent or the forefront; first in position or in statue or in time). This is first, former, ancestor, beginning, ranked first.
^XXII “month” = chodesh. From chadash (to renew, repair). This refers to a new moon. It can also mean monthly.

^XXIII “fourteenth” = arba + asar. Arba is from raba (to make square or be four-sided). This is four. Asar is from the same as eser (ten). This is -teen or -teenth.
^XXIV “twilight” = bayin + ereb. Bayin is from bin (to discern, consider, attend to; distinguishing things in one’s mind or, more generally, to understand). This is among, between, interval. Ereb is evening, night, or dusk.
^XXV “Passover offering” = pesach. From pasach (to stop, pass over, skip over, to spare). This is Passover – used for the feast, the lamb of sacrifice, the day, and the festival itself. It means exemption.
^XXVI “Lord” = YHVH. Related to “Lord” in v1. It has a different vowel pointing, but the same meaning. See note I above.

^XXVII “fifteenth” = chamesh + asar. Chamesh is five. Asar is the same as “fourteenth” in v5. See note XXIII above.
^XXVIII “Festival” = chag. From chagag (feast, celebrating a festival, making a pilgrimage; properly, going in a circle or marching in sacred procession; implies giddiness and dancing; reeling to and fro). This is a feast, a sacrifice as part of a festival, or the gathering of the festival.
^XXIX “Unleavened Bread” = matstsah. From matsats (to drain out). This is unleavened bread – bread that is sweet rather than becoming sour with the flavor of yeast. Can also be used to refer to the festival of Passover, the staple food of which is commonly transliterate matzoh from this word.
^XXX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^XXXI “seven” = sheba. Related to “seventh” in v3. See note XIII above.
^XXXII “eat” = akal. This is to eat, devour, burn up, or otherwise consume. It can be eating in a literal or figurative sense.

^XXXIII “have” = hayah. Related to “Lord” in v1 & “Lord” in v5. See note I above.
^XXXIV “work” = asah. Same as “done” in v3. See note XII above.
^XXXV {untranslated} = kol. Same as {untranslated} in v3. See note XVI above.
^XXXVI “occupations” = melakah + abodah. Melakah is the same as “work” in v3. See note XI above. Abodah is from abad (to work, serve, compel; any kind of work; used causatively, can mean to enslave or keep in bondage). This is labor, service, bondage, job, servitude, worker. It can refer to any kind of work.

^XXXVII “present” = qarab. This is to come near, offer, make ready, approach, take.
^XXXVIII “Lord’s” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^XXXIX “offerings by fire” = ishsheh. From eshshah (a fire); from esh (fire, burning, flaming, hot; fire in a literal or figurative sense). This is an offering by fire or a burnt offering. More broadly, it can refer to any kind of sacrifice.
^XL “work” = asah. Same as “done” in v3. See note XII above.
^XLI {untranslated} = kol. Same as {untranslated} in v3. See note XVI above.

^XLII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^XLIII “enter” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^XLIV “land” = erets. Root may mean to be firm. This is earth, ground, field land, or country.
^XLV “giving” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.
^XLVI “reap” = qatsar. This is to cut down, be short, reap, curtail. It is used especially for harvesting grass or grain. Figuratively, it can mean to be discouraged or grieve.

^XLVII “harvest” = qatsiyr. Related to “reap” in v10. From qatsar (see note XLVI above). This is branch, harvest, one who harvests. Properly, this means severed, reaped. It is the crop being harvested, the time of harvest or the one who harvests. It can also be a bough.
^XLVIII “bring” = bo. Same as “enter” in v10. See note XLIII above.
^XLIX “sheaf” = omer. 14x in OT. From amar (to bind sheaves, heap; discipline as piling on blows). This is a shear or an omer – a dry measuring unit.
^L “first fruits” = reshith. Related to “first” in v5. From rosh (see note XXI above). This is beginning, first place, highest rank, chief thing.
^LI “priest” = kohen. This is literally the one who officiates i.e. the priest. This is where the Jewish last name “Cohen” (and its variants) comes from.

^LII “raise” = nuph. This is to rock back and forth, wave, sprinkle, quiver, beckon, offer, present.
^LIII “before” = paneh. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.
^LIV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^LV “acceptance” = ratson. From ratsah (to be pleased with, delight, take pleasure in, or accept with favor; to approve or consent regarding something; can be used specifically of satisfying debts or being pardoned). This is delight shown in favor, good will, something that is accepted or acceptable.

^LVI “offer” = asah. Same as “done” in v3. See note XII above.
^LVII “lamb” = kebes. Root may mean to dominate. This is a young male sheep – having just reached the age where it can butt other sheep.
^LVIII “year” = shanah. From shana (to change, alter). This is a year, age, old. It can also mean yearly.
^LIX “old” = ben. Same as “Israelites” in v2. See note IV above.

^LX “without blemish” = tamim. From tamam (to finish or accomplish; to make perfect, demonstrate that you are upright; consume; to complete in a literal or figurative sense). This is entire in a literal or figurative sense. So, it could be complete, full, intact, or without defect. Alternately, it could refer to being sound, having integrity, being sincere or perfect.
^LXI “burnt offering” = olah. From alah (to go up, climb, approach, bring; to be high or actively climb; can be literal or figurative). This is a step, stairs, or some kind of ascent. It is also used for whole burnt offerings, being the offering in which the whole things is burned and rises as smoke. Burnt offerings were the least common of the offerings: most were eaten, shared with the priest and the one bringing the offering.
^LXII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.

^LXIII “grain offering” = minchah. This is a gift or an offering, particularly a sacrificial one that is generally bloodless and given spontaneously (voluntarily).
^LXIV “two-tenths” = shenayim + issaron. Shenayim is from sheni (double, again, another, second); from shanah (to fold, repeat, double, alter, or disguise). This is two, both, second, couple. Issaron is related to “fourteenth” in v5. From the same as eser (see note XXIII above). This is a tenth.
^LXV “choice flour” = soleth. It may come from a word that means to strip. This is fine flour.
^LXVI “mixed” = balal. This is to anoint, mix, overflow. It can also be to fodder or temper.
^LXVII “oil” = shemen. From shamen (to shine, which implies being oily, growing fat). This is fat, oil, grease, olive oil – often with perfume. Used figuratively for fertile, lavish, rich.

^LXVIII “pleasing” = nichoach. From nuach (to rest, calm, camp, free, place, remain, satisfy, settle, station, or wait; implies settling down in a literal or figurative sense). This is soothing, restful, sweet, pleasant.
^LXIX “odor” = reyach. From ruach (to blow, breath; smell, anticipate; figuratively, to perceive, understand). This is a scent or breath – a savor, ointment. It is also used for the odor of sacrifices that pleases God.
^LXX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.

^LXXI “drink offering” = nesek. From nasak (to pour out or melt; used especially for libations or for the process of making cast metal; can also be used figuratively for anointing a king). This is a drink offering or a molten image.
^LXXII “wine” = yayin. Root may mean to effervesce, referring to the fermentation process. This is wine, grape, or banquet. It can imply intoxication.
^LXXIII “one-fourth” = rebii. Related to “fourteenth” in v5. From the same as arba (see note XXIII above). This si fourth or one-fourth.
^LXXIV “hin” = hin. From Egyptian hwn (jar, unit of measurement for liquid; around .48 liters). This is hin, a unit of measurement used for liquids. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hin

^LXXV “bread” = lechem. From lacham (to eat, feed on). This is bread, food, loaf. It can refer to food more generally for people or for animals.
^LXXVI “parched grain” = qali. 6x in OT. From qalah (to roast, toast or parch – to dry or scorch in part). This is parched or roasted – used to refer to grain.
^LXXVII “fresh ears” = karmel. 15x in OT. From the same as kerem (vineyard, garden, vines, or a vintage). This is a fertile field, garden, new growth, fruit, grain. It can be an orchard or park as well as the produce.
^LXXVIII “very” = etsem. From atsam (vast, numerous, strong; to close one’s eyes, to make powerful; to break bones). This is self, life, strength, bone, or substance.
^LXXIX “offering” = qorban. Related to “present” in v8. From qarab (see note XXXVII above). This is an oblation or offering, which is to say, a sacrifice.
^LXXX “God” = Elohim. Related to “Israelites” in v2. See note IV above.

^LXXXI “statute” = chuqqah. From choq (statute, boundary, condition, custom, limit, ordinance; something that is prescribed or something that is owed); from chaqaq (to inscribe, carve, or decree; a lawmaker; literally, this is engraving, but it implies enacting a law because laws were carved into stone or metal). This is something prescribed such as a statue, custom, or ordinance.
^LXXXII “forever” = olam. This is a long scope of time whether in the past (antiquity, ancient time) or in the future (eternal, everlasting).
^LXXXIII “generations” = dor. From dur (to move in a circle, which implies living somewhere or remaining there; it can also be the sense of piling or heaping up). This is a revolution of time, which is to say, an age or generation. It can also be a dwelling or one’s posterity.
^LXXXIV “all” = kol. Same as {untranslated} in v3. See note XVI above.

^LXXXV “elevation offering” = tenuphah. Related to “raise” in v11. From nuph (see note LII above). This is something that is waved or swung. So, it could be an elevation offering that is offered in that way. It can also refer to someone presenting a weapon in a threatening manner or to imply greater tumult.
^LXXXVI “count” = saphar. From sepher (writing, document, book, evidence). This is properly to tally or record something. It can be enumerate, recount, number, celebrate, or declare.
^LXXXVII “full” = tamim. Same as “without blemish” in v12. See note LX above.
^LXXXVIII “weeks” = Shabbath. Same as “Sabbath” in v3. See note XIV above.
^LXXXIX {untranslated} = hayah. Same as “have” in v7. See note XXXIII above.

^XC “fifty” = chamishshim. Related to “fifteenth” in v6. From chamesh (see note XXVII above). This is fifty.
^XCI “new” = chadash. Related to “month” in v5. From chadash (see note XXII above). This is something fresh or new.
^XCII “offering of…grain” = minchah. Same as “grain offering” in v13. See note LXIII above.
^XCIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^XCIV “loaves” = lechem. Same as “bread” in v14. See note LXXV above.
^XCV “baked” = aphah. This is one who cooks or bakes – particularly one who cooks meat.
^XCVI “leaven” = chamets. 13x in OT. From chamets (be or taste sour, fermented, harsh; dyed or of a dazzling color; cruelty). This is leaven or something leavened. It can refer to bread or extortion.

^XCVII “first fruits” = bikkurim. 18x in OT. From bakar (to bear fruit, be firstborn, firstling, that which opens the womb, give the birthright to). This is first fruits – fruit that ripens earliest.
^XCVIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^XCIX “one” = echad. Perhaps from achad (to unify, continue on a path; figuratively, to gather one’s thoughts). This is the number one, first, united. It can also be alone, altogether, a certain, a few.
^C “bull” = par. Perhaps related to parar (to break, defeat, frustrate, caste off, clean, cease). This is a young bull or ox.
^CI {untranslated} = ben. Same as “Israelites” in v2. See note IV above.

^CII “herd” = baqar. From baqar (to plow, break forth; figuratively, to inquire, inspect, consider). This is cattle – an animal used for plowing.
^CIII “rams” = ayil. From the same as ul (mighty, strength, body, belly; root may mean to twist and that implies strength and power). This is strength so it is used to indicate things that are strong or powerful: political chiefs, rams, posts, trees, oaks.
^CIV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.

^CVI “male goat” = sa’iyr + ez. Sa’iyr is from sa’ar (to storm, scattered by a storm, blow away, rage, fear, storm tossed; to toss in a literal or figurative sense). This is hairy, rough, male goat, shaggy. It could also refer to a devil. Ez is perhaps from azaz (to be strong in a literal or figurative sense, overcome, be impudent). This is a female goat, but can refer to male goats when plural.
^CVII “purification offering” = chatta’ah. From chata’ (to miss or go wrong and so to sin, bear the blame; it can also include the sense of forfeiting or lacking). This is sin itself as well as punishment for sin. It is sometimes used specifically to refer to sin that is habitual.
^CVIII “sacrifice” = zebach. From zabach (to kill, slay, offer; slaughtering an animal to offer as a sacrifice). This is a slaughter – literally of an animal. So, it implies the act or the animals used in sacrifice. Further, it can mean offering.
^CIX “wellbeing” = shelem. From shalam (to make amends, finish, be safe, be friendly, to be complete or sound). This is a peace offering or a sacrifice of well-being. It was a voluntary offering given when one celebrated thanksgiving, alliance, or friendship.

^CX “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v11. See note LIII above.
^CXI “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CXII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CXIII “same” = etsem. Same as “very” in v14. See note LXXVIII above.
^CXIV “make proclamation” = qara. Same as “proclaim” in v2. See note VI above.
^CXV “hold” = hayah. Same as “have” in v7. See note XXXIII above.
^CXVI “work” = asah. Same as “done” in v3. See note XII above.
^CXVII {untranslated} = kol. Same as {untranslated} in v3. See note XVI above.

^CXVIII “reap” = kalah. This is to end, be finished, complete, prepare, consume, spent, or completely destroyed.
^CXIX “very edges” = peah. From paah (to puff, scatter, cut in pieces) OR poh (here, side). This is a side, edge, region, temple, corner.
^CXX “field” = sadeh. This is literally field, ground, soil, or land. It can be used to mean wild like a wild animal.
^CXXI {untranslated} = qatsar. Same as “reap” in v10. See note XLVI above.
^CXXII “gather” = laqat. Related to “gleanings” in v22. See note CXXIII below.
^CXXIII “gleanings” = leqet. 2x in OT – both in Leviticus. From laqat (to pick up, glean, gather). This is a gleaning.

^CXXIV “leave” = azab. To loosen, relinquish, permit, forsake, fail, leave destitute.
^CXXV “poor” = ani. From anah (to be bowed down; humility or being browbeaten, oppressed, afflicted, or depressed; literal or figurative – depressed in mood or circumstance). This is humble, lowly, poor, or afflicted.
^CXXVI “alien” = ger. From gur (to abide or sojourn; to leave the road to lodge or for any other reason). This is sojourner, guest, stranger, foreigner.
^CXXVII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.

^CXXVIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CXXIX “first” = echad. Same as “one” in v18. See note XCIX above.
^CXXX “observe” = hayah. Same as “have” in v7. See note XXXIII above.
^CXXXI “commemorated” = zikkaron. From zakar (to remember, to mark something so that it can be recalled, to be mindful of, to mention). This is remembrance, memorial, or record. It can also be a day that is memorable.
^CXXXII “trumpet blasts” = teruah. From rua (to break or destroy something so figuratively, an ear splitting sound such as a call of alarm or a joyful sound). This is an alarm, trumpet sound, battle cry, rejoicing, joyful shout, or jubilee.

^CXXXIII “work” = asah. Same as “done” in v3. See note XII above.
^CXXXIV {untranslated} = kol. Same as {untranslated} in v3. See note XVI above.
^CXXXV “Lord’s” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CXXXVI “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CXXXVII “tenth” = asor. Related to “fourteenth” in v5 & “tenths” in v13. 16x in OT. From the same as eser (see note XXIII above). This is ten or tenth. Here, a ten-stringed instrument like the lute.

^CXXXVIII “Atonement” = kippur. 6x in OT – all in the Torah. From the same as kopher (a cover, ransom price, amount of money, bribe); from kaphar (to appease, cover, pacify, cancel). This is atonement and expiation.
^CXXXIX “humble” = anah. Related to “poor” in v22. See note CXXV above.
^CXL “yourselves” = nephesh. Related to naphash (to refresh or be refreshed). This is soul, self, person, emotion. It is a breathing creature. Can also refer to appetites and desires.
^CXLI “Lord’s” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.

^CXLII {untranslated} = kol. Same as {untranslated} in v3. See note XVI above.
^CXLIII “work” = melakah. Same as “work” in v3. See note XI above.
^CXLIV “entire” = etsem. Same as “very” in v14. See note LXXVIII above.
^CXLV “make atonement” = kaphar. Related to “Atonement” in v27. See note CXXXVIII above.
^CXLVI “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v11. See note LIII above.
^CXLVII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.

^CXLVIII {untranslated} = kol. Same as {untranslated} in v3. See note XVI above.
^CXLIX “those” = nephesh. Same as “yourselves” in v27. See note CXL above.
^CL “cut off” = karat. This is to cut down, cut off, or make a covenant (idiom for making a covenant is “to cut a covenant”). It can also mean to destroy, fail, or consume.
^CLI “people” = am. From amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together). This is people or nation. It can be used specifically for a tribe, collectively of troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals.

^CLII “anyone” = kol + nephesh. Kol is the same as {untranslated} in v3. See note XVI above. Nephesh is the same as “yourselves” in v27. See note CXL above.
^CLIII “any” = kol. Same as {untranslated} in v3. See note XVI above.
^CLIV “work” = melakah. Same as “work” in v3. See note XI above.
^CLV “one” = nephesh. Same as “yourselves” in v27. See note CXL above.
^CLVI “destroy” = abad. To wander off, lose self. This implies to perish, destroy, die, vanish, or be broken or corrupt.
^CLVII “midst” = qereb. Related to “present” in v8 & “offering” in v14. Perhaps from qarab (see note XXXVII above). This is among, in the midst, before, the center It is the inward part, whether literal or figurative. It can also be used for the heart, the site of thoughts and feelings. This word is also used as a technical term for the entrails of the animals who are sacrificed.

^CLVIII {untranslated} = kol. Same as {untranslated} in v3. See note XVI above.
^CLIX “work” = melakah. Same as “work” in v3. See note XI above.
^CLX “yourselves” = nephesh. Same as “yourselves” in v27. See note CXL above.
^CLXI “ninth” = tesha. Perhaps from sha’ah (to gaze at, gaze around, regard – to look to, especially for help; to consider or be compassionate; to look at in amazement or while confounded). This is nine, perhaps as looking to the next number associated with fullness (10).
^CLXII “evening” = ereb. Same as “twilight” in v5. See note XXIV above.
^CLXIII “keep” = shabath. Related to “Sabbath” and “complete rest” in v3. See note XIV above.

^CLXIV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CLXV “Booths” = sukkah. From sok (lair, thicket, den, or hiding place; a den or pavilion as made of intertwined boughs); from sakak (to interweave, knit). This is a booth, canopy, shelter, tent, or tabernacle. This is also the “sukkah” from the Jewish holiday “sukkot,” which remembers the wilderness wanderings.
^CLXVI “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CLXVII “first” = rishon. Same as “first” in v5. See note XXI above.
^CLXVIII “work” = asah. Same as “done” in v3. See note XII above.
^CLXIX {untranslated} = kol. Same as {untranslated} in v3. See note XVI above.

^CLXX “Lord’s” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CLXXI “eighth” = shemini. Related to “oil” in v13. From the same as shemoneh (eight; can be figurative for surplus); perhaps from shamen (see note LXVII above). This is eighth or sheminith.
^CLXXII “Lord’s” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CLXXIII “solemn assembly” = atsarah. 11x in OT. From atsar (to restrain, rule, confine, bond; to hold back, maintain, rule, assemble). This is an assembly, particularly one that was called for a festival or for a holiday.
^CLXXIV “work” = asah. Same as “done” in v3. See note XII above.
^CLXXV {untranslated} = kol. Same as {untranslated} in v3. See note XVI above.

^CLXXVI “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CLXXVII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CLXXVIII “each” = dabar. Related to “spoke” in v1. From dabar (see note II above). This is speech, a word, a matter, an affair, charge, command, message, promise, purpose, report, request. It is a word, which implies things that are spoken of in a wide sense.
^CLXXIX “apart from” = bad. From badad (to divide or be separated; alone, solitary, lonely, isolated, straggler). This is apart, alone, separation, body part, tree branch, except. It can also be a city’s chief.
^CLXXX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.

^CLXXXI “gifts” = mattanah. Related to “giving” in v10. 17x in OT. From mattan (gift, reward, to give); from natan (see note XLV above). This is gift, offering of sacrifice, present, bribe.
^CLXXXII “votive offerings” = neder. From nadar (to vow or promise). This is a vow – literally, that which was promised.
^CLXXXIII “freewill offerings” = nedabah. From nadab (to offer willingly, volunteer, freely give, be willing). This is a freewill offering, something giving spontaneously.
^CLXXXIV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.

^CLXXXV “gathered in” = asaph. This is to gather, assemble, or bring. It can also mean to take away, destroy, or remove.
^CLXXXVI “produce” = tebuah. Related to “enter” in v10. From bo (see note XLIII above). This is produce, increase or gain – can be literal or figurative.
^CLXXXVII “keep” = chagag. Related to “festival” in v6. 16x in OT. See note XXVIII above.
^CLXXXVIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CLXXXIX “first” = rishon. Same as “first” in v5. See note XXI above.

^CXC “first” = rishon. Same as “first” in v5. See note XXI above.
^CXCI “take” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^CXCII “fruit” = peri. From parah (to bear fruit, grow, be fruitful, increase; bearing fruit in a literal or figurative sense). This is fruit or reward.
^CXCIII “majestic” = hadar. From hadar (to honor or adorn; majestic, respected, glorious; to favor or honor; to be proud). This is ornament, splendor, beauty, dignity, majesty, magnificence, and glory.
^CXCIV “trees” = ets. Perhaps from atsah (to shut, fasten, firm up, to close one’s eyes). This is tree or other things related to trees like wood, sticks, or stalks. It can also refer to wood products like a plank or staff or gallows. Additionally, this can refer to a carpenter.

^CXCV “branches” = kaph. From kaphaph (to bend – from a root meaning curve or bend down). This is palm of the hand or sole of the foot, footstep, grasp. Figuratively, it can also mean power.
^CXCVI “palm trees” = tamar. 12x in OT. From the same as tomer (palm tree, the trunk of that tree, a post). The root may mean being erect. This is a date palm or other palm tree. This is also the root of Tamar’s name in the Bible.
^CXCVII “boughs” = anaph. 7x in OT. This is a branch or bough – something that covers.
^CXCVIII “leafy” = aboth. 4x in OT. From abath (to weave, wind, or interlace). This is interwoven, dense, leafy.

^CXCIX “willows” = arab. 5x in OT. From the same as oreb (raven); from arab (to grow dark, close, become evening); from ereb (evening) or related to arab (to exchange, give or take on pledge, braid, intermix). This is a polar or willow. It is also the name of a wadi in Moab.
^CC “brook” = nachal. From nachal (to take as heritage, inherit, or distribute). This is a river or stream. It could be a wadi or arroyo – sometimes a narrow valley with no water at all, but in strong rains or when winter snow melts, it swells or floods with water.
^CCI “rejoice” = samach. This is to rejoice or be glad. Properly, it is to brighten up in a literal or figurative sense.
^CCII “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v11. See note LIII above.
^CCIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.

^CCIV “keep” = chagag. Same as “keep” in v39. See note CLXXXVII above.
^CCV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CCVI “keep” = chagag. Same as “keep” in v39. See note CLXXXVII above.
^CCVII “live” = yashab. Related to “settlements” in v3. See note XVIII above.
^CCVIII “native-born” = ezrach. 17x in OT. From zarach (to rise, shine, or dawn; can also describe symptoms of leprosy). This is native or native-born. It can also refer to spontaneous growth, a bay tree.

^CCIX “know” = yada. This is to know, acknowledge, advise, answer, be aware, be acquainted with. Properly, this is to figure something out by seeing. It includes ideas of observation, recognition, and care about something. It can be used causatively for instruction, designation, and punishment.
^CCX “brought” = yatsa. This is to go or come out, bring forth, appear. It is to go out in a literal or figurative sense.
^CCXI “Egypt” = Mitsrayim. Perhaps from matsor (besieged or fortified place, bulwark, entrenchment; something hemmed in; a siege or distress or fastness); from tsur (to confine, besiege, to cramp). This is Egypt.
^CCXII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CCXIII “declared” = dabar. Same as “spoke” in v1. See note II above.
^CCXIV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.