Numbers 29

^I “first” = echad. Perhaps from achad (to unify, continue on a path; figuratively, to gather one’s thoughts). This is the number one, first, united. It can also be alone, altogether, a certain, a few.
^II “seventh” = shebii. From sheba (seven – the number of perfection/sacred fullness). This is seventh.
^III “month” = chodesh. From chadash (to renew, repair). This refers to a new moon. It can also mean monthly.

^IV “have” = hayah. This is to be or become, to happen.
^V “holy” = qodesh. This is set apart and so sacred. God is different from us and so God is holy/set apart. Things we dedicate to God’s service are set apart for God and so they, too, are holy, etc.
^VI “convocation” = miqra. From qara (to call or call out – to call someone by name; calling forth). This is a convocation, assembly, public meeting. It can refer to the place where the meeting is happening or the people meeting.

^VII “work” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.
^VIII {untranslated} = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.
^IX “occupations” = melakah + abodah. Melakah is from the same as malak (messenger, an angel, or a deputy; human messengers literally or for prophets, priests, or teachers as messengers of God; also supernatural messengers i.e. angels). Properly, this is a deputyship or some kind of work. It can also be the product that comes from labor. Abodah is from abad (to work, serve, compel; any kind of work; used causatively, can mean to enslave or keep in bondage). This is labor, service, bondage, job, servitude, worker. It can refer to any kind of work.

^X “is” = hayah. Same as “have” in v1. See note IV above.
^XI “day” = yom. Root may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.
^XII “blow the trumpets” = teruah. From rua (to break or destroy something so figuratively, an ear splitting sound such as a call of alarm or a joyful sound). This is an alarm, trumpet sound, battle cry, rejoicing, joyful shout, or jubilee.
^XIII “offer” = asah. Same as “work” in v1. See note VII above.
^XIV “burnt offering” = olah. From alah (to go up, climb, approach, bring; to be high or actively climb; can be literal or figurative). This is a step, stairs, or some kind of ascent. It is also used for whole burnt offerings, being the offering in which the whole thing is burned and rises as smoke. Burnt offerings were the least common of the offerings: most were eaten, shared with the priest and the one bringing the offering.

^XV “pleasing” = nichoach. From nuach (to rest, calm, camp, free, place, remain, satisfy, settle, station, or wait; implies settling down in a literal or figurative sense). This is soothing, restful, sweet, pleasant.
^XVI “odor” = reyach. From ruach (to blow, breath; smell, anticipate; figuratively, to perceive, understand). This is a scent or breath – a savor, ointment. It is also used for the odor of sacrifices that pleases God.
^XVII “Lord” = YHVH. Related to “have” in v1. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (see note IV above). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.

^XVIII “one” = echad. Same as “first” in v1. See note I above.
^XIX “young bull” = par + ben + baqar. Literally, “bull, a child of the herd.” Par is perhaps related to parar (to break, defeat, frustrate, caste off, clean, cease). This is a young bull or ox. Ben is from banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense. Baqar is from baqar (to plow, break forth; figuratively, to inquire, inspect, consider). This is cattle – an animal used for plowing.
^XX “ram” = ayil. From the same as ul (mighty, strength, body, belly; root may mean to twist and that implies strength and power). This is strength so it is used to indicate things that are strong or powerful: political chiefs, rams, posts, trees, oaks.

^XXI “seven” = sheba. This is seven or by sevenfold. It can also be used to imply a week or an indefinite number. Symbolically, this is the number of fullness, sacredness, perfection.
^XXII “male lambs” = kebes. Root may mean to dominate. This is a young male sheep – having just reached the age where it can butt other sheep.
^XXIII “year” = shanah. From shana (to change, alter). This is a year, age, old. It can also mean yearly.
^XXIV “old” = ben. Same as “young bull” in v2. See note XIX above.
^XXV “without blemish” = tamim. From tamam (to finish or accomplish; to make perfect, demonstrate that you are upright; consume; to complete in a literal or figurative sense). This is entire in a literal or figurative sense. So, it could be complete, full, intact, or without defect. Alternately, it could refer to being sound, having integrity, being sincere or perfect.

^XXVI “grain offering” = minchah. This is a gift or an offering, particularly a sacrificial one that is generally bloodless and given spontaneously (voluntarily).
^XXVII “choice flour” = soleth. It may come from a word that means to strip. This is fine flour.
^XXVIII “mixed” = balal. This is to anoint, mix, overflow. It can also be to fodder or temper.
^XXIX “oil” = shemen. From shamen (to shine, which implies being oily, growing fat). This is fat, oil, grease, olive oil – often with perfume. Used figuratively for fertile, lavish, rich.
^XXX “three” = shalosh. This is three, fork, three times.
^XXXI “tenths” = issaron. From the same as eser (ten, -teen); from asar (to tithe, render a tenth of). This is a tenth.
^XXXII “two” = shenayim. From sheni (double, again, another, second); from shanah (to fold, repeat, double, alter, or disguise). This is two, both, second, couple.

^XXXIII “each” = echad. Same as “first” in v1. See note I above.
^XXXIV “male goat” = sa’iyr + ez. Sa’iyr is from sa’ar (to storm, scattered by a storm, blow away, rage, fear, storm tossed; to toss in a literal or figurative sense). This is hairy, rough, male goat, shaggy. It could also refer to a devil. Ez is perhaps from azaz (to be strong in a literal or figurative sense, overcome, be impudent). This is a female goat, but can refer to male goats when plural.
^XXXV “purification offering” = chatta’ah. From chata’ (to miss or go wrong and so to sin, bear the blame; it can also include the sense of forfeiting or lacking). This is sin itself as well as punishment for sin. It is sometimes used specifically to refer to sin that is habitual.
^XXXVI “make atonement” = kaphar. This is to appease, cover, pacify, cancel, make atonement, placate. Specifically, it can mean to cover with bitumen.

^XXXVII “in addition to” = bad. From badad (to divide or be separated; alone, solitary, lonely, isolated, straggler). This is apart, alone, separation, body part, tree branch, except. It can also be a city’s chief.
^XXXVIII “new moon” = chodesh. Same as “month” in v1. See note III above.
^XXXIX “regular” = tamid. May come from a word that means to stretch. This word means an indefinite period of time. So, it could be regular or daily. It could also be constantly, continually, always, or perpetually.

^XL “drink offerings” = nesek. From nasak (to pour out or melt; used especially for libations or for the process of making cast metal; can also be used figuratively for anointing a king). This is a drink offering or a molten image.
^XLI “ordinance” = mishpat. From shaphat (to judge, defend, pronounce judgment, condemn, govern). This is a verdict or formal sentence whether from humans or from God. It includes the act of judging as well as the place that judging takes place, the suit itself, and the penalty. Abstractly, this is justice, which includes the rights of the participants.
^XLII “offering by fire” = ishsheh. From eshshah (a fire); from esh (fire, burning, flaming, hot; fire in a literal or figurative sense). This is an offering by fire or a burnt offering. More broadly, it can refer to any kind of sacrifice.

^XLIII “tenth” = asor. Related to “tenths” in v3. 16x in OT. From the same as eser (see note XXXI above). This is ten or tenth, a ten-stringed instrument like the lute.
^XLIV “humble” = anah. This is to be occupied with. It can also be bowed down. It can refer to a sense of humility or to a sense of being browbeaten, oppressed, afflicted, or depressed. This can be literal or figurative – depressed in mood or circumstance.
^XLV “yourselves” = nephesh. Related to naphash (to refresh or be refreshed). This is soul, self, person, emotion. It is a breathing creature. Can also refer to appetites and desires.
^XLVI “do” = asah. Same as “work” in v1. See note VII above.
^XLVII {untranslated} = kol. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note VIII above.
^XLVIII “work” = melakah. Same as “occupations” in v1. See note IX above.

^XLIX “offer” = qarab. This is to come near, offer, make ready, approach, take.
^L “tenths” = issaron. Same as “tenths” in v3. See note XXXI above.
^LI “tenths” = issaron. Same as “tenths” in v3. See note XXXI above.
^LII “one-tenth” = issaron + issaron. Same as “tenths” in v3. See note XXXI above.
^LIII “atonement” = kippur. Related to “make atonement” in v5. 6x in OT– all in the Torah. From the same as kopher (a cover, ransom price, amount of money, bribe); from kaphar (see note XXXVI above). This is atonement and expiation.

^LIV “fifteenth” = chamesh + asar. Chamesh is five or fifth. Asar is related to “tenths” in v3 & “tenth” in v7. See note XXXI above.
^LV {untranslated} = kol. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note VIII above.
^LVI “celebrate” = chagag. 16x in OT. This is feast, celebrating a festival, making a pilgrimage. Properly, it means going in a circle or marching in sacred procession. It implies giddiness and dancing. It can also mean reeling to and fro.
^LVII “festival” = chag. Related to “celebrate” in v12. From chagag (see note LVI above). This is a feast, a sacrifice as part of a festival, or the gathering of the festival.
^LVIII “Lord” = YHVH. Related to “have” in v1 & “Lord” in v2. From YHVH (see note XVII above). It has a different vowel pointing, but the same meaning as “Lord.”

^LIX “offer” = qarab. Same as “offer” in v8. See note XLIX above.
^LX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v2. See note XVII above.
^LXI “fourteen” = arba + asar. Arba is from raba (to make square or be four-sided). This is four. Asar is the same as “fifteenth” in v12. See note LIV above.
^LXII “tenths” = issaron. Same as “tenths” in v3. See note XXXI above.
^LXIII “tenths” = issaron. Same as “tenths” in v3. See note XXXI above.
^LXIV “one-tenth” = issaron + issaron. Same as “tenths” in v3. See note XXXI above.

^LXV “second” = sheni. Related to “two” in v3. See note XXXII above.
^LXVI “accordance” = mishpat. Same as “ordinance’ in v6. See note XLI above.
^LXVII “number” = mispar. From the same as sepher (writing itself or something that is written like a document, book, letter, evidence, bill, scroll, or register); from saphar (to tally or record something; to enumerate, recount, number, celebrate, or declare). This is a number, whether definite or symbolic – could be innumerable, few, abundance. It can also be a tally or account – or a narration.

^LXVIII “third” = shelishi. Related to “three” in v3. From shalosh (see note XXX above). This is third or one-third of something.
^LXIX “eleven” = ashte + asar. Ashte is 19x in OT. From ashath (to think) OR from eseth (plate, carved, bright); {from ashath (to shine, think, be sleek)}. This is one as a portion of eleven or eleventh. Asar is the same as “fifteenth” in v12. See note LIV above.
^LXX “fourth” = rebii. Related to “fourteen” in v13. From the same as arba (see note LXI above). This is fourth or square-shaped.
^LXXI “ten” = eser. Related to “tenths” in v3 & “tenth” in v7 & “fifteenth” in v12. See note XXXI above.

^LXXII “fifth” = chamishi. Related to “fifteenth” in v12. From chamesh (see note LIV above). This is fifth or one-fifth.
^LXXIII “nine” = tesha. Perhaps from sha’ah (to gaze at, gaze around, regard – to look to, especially for help; to consider or be compassionate; to look at in amazement or while confounded). This is nine, perhaps as looking to the next number associated with fullness (10).
^LXXIV “sixth” = shishshi. From shesh (six; figuratively, a surplus since it is one more than the number of fingers on the hand). This is sixth.
^LXXV “eight” = shemoneh. Related to “oil” in v3. Perhaps from shamen (see note XXIX above). This is eight or eighth. It can refer to abundance as being more than 7, the number of sacred fullness.
^LXXVI “besides” = bad. Same as “in addition to” in v6. See note XXXVII above.

^LXXVII “eighth” = shemini. Related to “oil” in v3 & “eight” in v29. From the same as shemoneh (see note LXXV above). This is eighth or sheminith.
^LXXVIII “solemn assembly” = atsarah. 11x in OT. From atsar (to restrain, rule, confine, bond; to hold back, maintain, rule, assemble). This is an assembly, particularly one that was called for a festival or for a holiday.
^LXXIX {untranslated} = kol. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note VIII above.
^LXXX “offer” = qarab. Same as “offer” in v8. See note XLIX above.
^LXXXI “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v2. See note XVII above.

^LXXXII “offer” = asah. Same as “work” in v1. See note VII above.
^LXXXIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v2. See note XVII above.
^LXXXIV “appointed festivals” = moed. From yaad (to appoint, assemble or gather selves, agree). This is a meeting, assembly, fixed time. It can be used for a festival or feast. It can also refer to a meeting place.
^LXXXV “votive offerings” = neder. From nadar (to vow or promise). This is a vow – literally, that which was promised.
^LXXXVI “freewill offerings” = nedabah. From nadab (to offer willingly, volunteer, freely give, be willing). This is a freewill offering, something giving spontaneously.
^LXXXVII “offerings of well-being” = shelem. From shalam (to make amends, finish, be safe, be friendly, to be complete or sound). This is a peace offering or a sacrifice of well-being. It was a voluntary offering given when one celebrated thanksgiving, alliance, or friendship.

^LXXXVIII “Moses” = Mosheh. From mashah (to pull out in a literal or figurative sense, to draw out) OR from Egyptian mes or mesu (child, son i.e. child of…). This is Moses – the one drawn out from the water, which is to say, rescued. If derived from the Egyptian, his name would share a root with Rameses and Thutmose.
^LXXXIX “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Literally, “children of Israel.” Ben is the same as “young bull” in v2. See note XIX above. Yisrael is from sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (God or god). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.
^XC “everything” = kol. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note VIII above.
^XCI “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v2. See note XVII above.
^XCII “commanded” = tsavah. This is to charge, command, order, appoint, or enjoin. This is the root that the Hebrew word for “commandment” comes from (mitsvah).