Mark 2:1-22

^I “returned” = eiserchomai. From eis (to, into, for, among) + erchomai (to come, go). This is to go in in a literal or figurative sense.
^II “Capernaum” = Kapernaoum. 16x in NT. From Hebrew kaphar (village with walls); {from the same as kephir (a young lion, village); from kaphar (to appease, cover, pacify, cancel)} + Nachum (Nahum, “comfortable”); {from nacham (a strong breath or sigh; to be sorry, to pity, console, comfort, or repent; also to comfort oneself with thoughts of vengeance)}. This is Capernaum, meaning “Nahum’s village.”
^III “days” = hemera. Perhaps from hemai (to sit). This is day, time, or daybreak.
^IV “reported” = akouo. This is hear or listen, but it also means to understand by hearing. This is where the word “acoustics” comes from.
^V “was” = eimi. This is to be or exist.
^VI “home” = oikos. This is house – the building, the household, the family, descendants, the temple.

^VII “many” = polus. This is much, often, plenteous – a large number or a great extent.
^VIII “gathered around” = sunago. From sun (with, together with, closely associated) + ago (to lead, bring, carry, guide, go, drive). This is to lead together and so to assemble, bring together, welcome with hospitality, or entertain. In the sense of assembly, this is the root of the word “synagogue.”
^IX “was…room” = choreo. 10x in NT. From choros (a particular space or place); from chora (space, land, region, fields, open area); from chasma (gap, gulf, chasm, open space); from chasko (to gape, yawn). This is to leave in order to make room or space. It can also be to advance, receive,k accept, or make progress. Figuratively, it can also refer to being open-hearted.
^X “door” = thura. This is opening or closure so it’s a door, gate, or entrance. Figuratively, this can refer to an opportunity.
^XI “word” = logos. From lego (to speak, tell, mention). This is word, statement, speech, analogy. It is a word that carries an idea or expresses a thought, a saying. It could refer to a person with a message or reasoning laid out in words. By implication, this could be a topic, line of reasoning, or a motive. It can be used for a divine utterance or as Word – Christ.

^XII “came” = erchomai. Related to “Returned” in v1. See note I above.
^XIII “bringing” = phero. This is to bear, bring, lead, or make known publicly. It is to carry in a literal or figurative sense.
^XIV “paralyzed man” = paralutikos. 10x in NT. From paraluo (to release on the side, weaken, disable, relax, paralyze); {from para (by, beside, in the presence of) + luo (to loose, release, untie; figuratively, to break, destroy, or annul; releasing what had been withheld)}. This is someone who is paralyzed. This is where the word “paralyze” comes from.
^XV “carried” = airo. This is to lift up in a literal or figurative sense. So, it could mean to lift, carry, or raise. It could also imply lifting something in order to take it away or remove it. Figuratively, this can be used for raising the voice or level of suspense. It can mean sailing off as raising the anchor. It can also correspond to a Hebrew expression for atonement of sin (lift/remove sin).
^XVI “four” = tessares. This is four – used figuratively for total coverage.

^XVII “could” = dunamai. This is to be able, or something that is possible. It can also be empowered or being powerful. The Greek word for “miracle” (dunamis) comes from this root.
^XVIII “bring” = prosphero. Related to “bringing” in v3. From pros (at, to, with, towards, advantageous for) + phero (see note XIII above). This is to offer gifts or sacrifices, to bring up.
^XIX “removed” = apostegazo. 1x in NT. From apo (from, away from) + stege (a roof of a house that is flat); {from stego (cover tightly, conceal, endure patiently, to put something under a roof, forbearing) or tegos (thatch of a building)} or stegazo (to roof or cover). This is to remove a roof.
^XX “roof” = stege. Related to “removed” in v4. 3x in NT. Se note XIX above.
^XXI {untranslated} = eimi. Same as “was” inv1. See note V above.

^XXII “dug through” = exorusso. 2x in NT. From ek (from, from out of) + orusso ((to dig, burrow, or excavate). This is to dig out or extract. It can be to dig through a roof or to gouge an eye.
^XXIII “let down” = chalao. 7x in NT. Perhaps from the base of chasma (gap, gulf, chasm, open space); from chasko (to gape, yawn). This is let down, slacken, loosen.
^XXIV “mat” = krabattos. 11x in NT. From Ancient Macedonian grabos (oak or beech). This is a bed or pallet. It is a place for poor people, perhaps made of a quilt or a mat. Always used to refer to sick people on mats – 9x in the Gospels and 2x in the book of Acts.
^XXV “lay” = katakeimai. 12x in NT. From kata (down, against, throughout, among) + keimai (to lie, recline, be placed, lie outstretched, be appointed). This is to lie down, whether for a meal or as one sick in bed.

^XXVI “Jesus” = Iesous. From Hebrew Yehoshua (Joshua, the Lord is salvation); {from YHVH (proper name of the God of Israel; the self-existent and eternal one); {from havah (to become) or from hayah (to come to pass, become, be)} + yasha (to deliver, defend, help, preserve, rescue; properly, to be open, wide or free, which implies being safe. So, in a causative sense, this is to free someone)}. This is Jesus or Joshua in Greek – the Lord saves or the Lord is salvation.
^XXVII “saw” = horao. To see, perceive, attend to, look upon, experience. Properly, to stare at and so implying clear discernment. This, by extension, would indicate attending to what was seen and learned. This is to see, often with a metaphorical sense. Can include inward spiritual seeing.
^XXVIII “faith” = pistis. From peitho (to have confidence, urge, be persuaded, agree, assure, believe, have confidence, trust). This is less about knowing, believing, and repeating a list of doctrines then it is about trusting God. Faith means listening to God and seeking to live a holy life even (and especially) when we don’t understand how everything works or fits together. Faith is about being faithful (trusting and doing) rather than being all knowing.

^XXIX “said” = lego. Related to “word” in v2. See note XI above.
^XXX “son” = teknon. From tikto (to beget, bring forth, produce). This is a child, descendant, or inhabitant.
^XXXI “sins” = hamartia. From hamartano (to miss the mark, do wrong, make a mistake, sin); {from a (not) + meros (a part or share)}. Literally, this means not having one’s share or portion – like not receiving inheritance or what was allotted to you. This word means missing the mark so it is used for guilt, fault, and acts of sin.
^XXXII “forgiven” = aphiemi. From apo (from, away from) + hiemi (to send). This is send away, release, permit, forgive, allow to depart, discharge, or send forth.

^XXXIII “scribes” = grammateus. From gramma (what is drawn or written so a letter of the alphabet, correspondence, literature, learning); from grapho (to write). This is a writer, scribe, or secretary. Within Judaism, it was someone learned in the Law, a teacher. Also used in the Bible of the town-clerk of Ephesus. See Sirach 38:24-39:11 for a lengthier, positive passage about who scribes were and what they meant in society.
^XXXIV “sitting” = kathemai. Related to “days” in v1. From kata (down, against, throughout, among) + hemai (see note III above). This is to sit, be enthroned, or reside.
^XXXV “questioning” = dialogizomai. Related to “word” in v2 & “said” in v5. 16x in NT. From dia (through, because of, across, thoroughly) + logizmai (to compute or reckon up, to count; figuratively, it is coming to a conclusion or decision using logic; taking an inventory in a literal or figurative sense); {from logos (see note XI above)}. This is to consider, have a back and forth debate with an uncertain conclusion. It can be multiple confused minds reinforcing a faulty conclusion.
^XXXVI “hearts” = kardia. Literally the heart, but figuratively mind, character, inner self, will, intention, thoughts, feelings. Also, the center of something. The word heart is only used figuratively in the Old and New Testaments. This is where “cardiac” comes from.

^XXXVII “is blasphemy” = blasphemeo. From blasphemos (blasphemer, reviler, reviling; speaking slander or evil); {from perhaps blapto (to harm or to hinder) + pheme (saying, news, rumor, fame) {from phemi (to say, declare, speak comparatively through contrasts, bring to light); from phao (to shine)}}. This is to slander, malign, hurl abuse, speak against, blaspheme, or defame. It is speaking evil or abusive language – not acknowledging what is good or worth reverence/respect.
^XXXVIII “God” = Theos. From Proto-Indo-European origins, meaning do, put, place. This is God or a god in general.
^XXXIX “alone” = heis. This is one, a person, only, some.

^XL “at once” = eutheos. From euthus (immediately, upright, straight and not crooked); {perhaps from eu (good, well, well done, rightly) + tithemi (to place, lay, set, establish)}. This is directly, soon, at once.
^XLI “perceived” = epiginosko. From epi (on, upon, what is fitting) + ginosko (to know, recognize, realize, perceive, learn; gaining knowledge through personal experience). This is to perceive, discern, acknowledge, recognize, know exactly because of direct interaction.
^XLII “spirit” = pneuma. From pneo (to blow, breath, breathe hard). This is wind, breath, or ghost. A breeze or a blast or air, a breath. Figuratively used for a spirit, the human soul or part of us that is rational. It is also used supernaturally for angels, demons, God, and the Holy Spirit. This is where pneumonia comes from.
^XLIII “discussing…questions” = dialogizomai. Same as “questioning” in v6. See note XXXV above.
^XLIV “raise…questions” = dialogizomai. Same as “questioning” in v6. See note XXXV above.

^XLV “easier” = eukopoteros. Related to “at once” in v8. 7x in NT. From eukopos (easy); {from eu (see note XL above) + kopos (labor that leads to exhaustion, depletion, weariness, fatigue; working until worn out); {from kopto (to cut, strike, cut off; beating the chest to lament and so to mourn)}}. This is easier, better for labor.
^XLVI “stand up” = egeiro. This is to awake, raise up or lift up. It can be to get up from sitting or lying down, to get up from sleeping, to rise from a disease or from death. Figuratively, it can be rising from inactivity or from ruins.
^XLVII “take” = airo. Same as “carried” in v3. See note XV above.
^XLVIII “walk” = peripateo. From peri (about, concerning, around, encompassing) + pateo (to read, trample on; to trample literally or figuratively); {from patos (trodden) OR from paio (to strike, smite, sting; a hit like a single blow)}. This is to walk. Going from Hebrew figurative language, to walk referred to how you conducted your life, how you chose to live. This word is most literally walking around. Figuratively, it is living, behaving, following, how you occupy yourself. This is where “peripatetic” comes from.

^XLIX “know” = eido. This is to know, consider perceive, appreciate, behold, or remember. It means seeing with one’s eyes, but also figuratively, it means perceiving – seeing that becomes understanding. So, by implication, this means knowing or being aware.
^L “Son” = Huios. This is son, descendant – a son whether natural born or adopted. It can be used figuratively for other forms of kinship.
^LI “Man” = anthropos. Related to “saw” in v5. Probably from aner (man, male, husband) + ops (eye, face); {from optanomai (to appear, be seen); perhaps from horao (see note XVII above)}. This is human, humankind. Used for all genders.

^LII “has” = echo. This is to have, hold, or possess.
^LIII “authority” = exousia. Related to “was” in v1. From exesti (to be permitted or lawful); {from ek (out, out of) + eimi (see note V above)}. This is power to act or weight. It especially denotes moral authority or influence. It can mean domain, liberty, freedom, capacity, mastery, right, force, or strength.
^LIV “earth” = ge. This is earth, land, soil, region, country, the inhabitants of an area.
^LV “go” = hupago. Related to “gathered around” in v2. From hupo (by, under, under the authority of) + ago (see note VIII above). This is to lead under so to depart, go away, or die. It is to lead away under the command of someone else, being given a mission or objective to carry out.

^LVI “immediately” = eutheos. Same as “at once” in v8. See note XL above.
^LVII “went out” = exerchomai. Related to “returned” in v1 & “came” in v3. From ek (from, from out of) + erchomai (see note I above). This is to go out, depart, escape, proceed from, spread news abroad.
^LVII “all” = pas. This is all or every.
^LIX “were…amazed” = existemi. 17x in NT. From ek (from, from out of) + histemi (to stand, place, establish, appoint, stand ready, be steadfast). This is to displace or take something or someone from standing. Figuratively, it is to be overwhelmed and flabbergasted – as if beside oneself. By extension, it is astonished, amazed, or mad.
^LX “glorified” = doxazo. From doxa (glory, opinion, praise, honor, renown; particularly used as a quality of God or manifestation of God – splendor); from dokeo (to have an opinion, seem, appear, suppose; a personal judgment; to think); from dokos (opinion). This is to render or hold something as glorious, to glorify, honor, magnify, or celebrate. This is ascribing weight to something by recognizing its true value or essence.

^LXI “sea” = thalassa. Perhaps from hals (sea, salt, a boy of saltwater) or halas (salt; can be figurative for prudence). This is the sea, a lake, or seashore.
^LXII “whole” = pas. Same as “all” in v12. See note LVIII above.
^LXIII “gathered” = erchomai. Same as “came” in v3. See note XII above.
^LXIV “taught” = didasko. From dao (learn). This is to teach, direct, instruct, or impart knowledge. In the New Testament, this is almost always used for teaching scripture.

^LXV “walking along” = parago. Related to “gathered around” in v2 & “go” in v11. 11x in NT. From para (by, beside, in the presence of, alongside) + ago (see note VIII above). This is to lead near or by, to pass by, go along, be a passer-by.
^LXVI “Levi” = Leuis. 3x in the NT. From the same as Leui (Levi, the tribe or a name); from Hebrew Levi (Levi, or the tribe of Levi); perhaps from lavah (to join, twine, unite, remain, borrow, lend). This is Levi.
^LXVII “Alphaeus” = Alphaios. 5x in NT. From Hebrew halap (to exchange, renew, traverse). This is Alphaeus, which shares a root with Clopas. It means “traverse” or “exchange.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Alphaeus.html#.Xqfc48hKhPY
^LXVIII “tax booth” = telonion. 3x in NT. From telones (tax collector, one who worked for the Romans taking taxes from Jews; also the toll house; literally, “paying at the end”); {from telos (an end, aim, purpose, completion, end goal, consummation, tax; going through the steps to complete a stage or phase and then moving on to the next one)} + oneomai (to buy); {from onos (a price or sum)}. This is a tax booth, toll house.
^LXIX “follow” = akoloutheo. From a (with, fellowship, union) + keleuthos (road, way). This is to accompany or follow someone, especially the way a disciple does.
^LXX “got up” = anistemi. Related to “were…amazed” in v12. From ana (upwards, up, again, back, anew) + histemi (see note LIX above). This is to raise up, rise, appear. It is to stand up literally or figuratively. Can also mean to resurrect.

^LXXI {untranslated} = ginomai. This is to come into being, to happen, become, be born. It can be to emerge from one state or condition to another or is coming into being with the sense of movement or growth.
^LXXII “house” = oikia. Related to “home” in v1. From oikos (see note VI above). This is a house, household, goods, property, family, or means.
^LXXIII “tax collectors” = telones. Related to “tax booth” in v14. See note LXVIII above.
^LXXIV “sinners” = hamartolos. Related to “sins” in v5. From hamartano (see note XXXI above). This is sinning, sinful, sinner. It referred to missing the mark or falling short. The term was also used in archery for missing the target.

^LXXV “sitting with” = sunanakeimai. Related to “lay” in v4. 7x in NT. From sun (with, together with) + anakeimai (to recline, particularly as one does for dinner; also reclining as a corpse); {from ana (up, again, back, among, between, anew) + keimai (see note XXV above)}. This is to dine, recline at a table with someone else, a dinner guest, the table itself.
^LXXVI “disciples” = mathetes. From matheteuo (to make a disciple of); from manthano (to learn key facts, gain knowledge from experience; generally implies reflection as part of the learning process); from math– (thinking things through). This is a disciple, learner, or student. It is where we get “mathematics” from.
^LXXVII “Pharisees” = Pharisaios. From Aramaic peras (to divide, separate) and from Hebrew parash (to make distinct, separate, scatter). This is a Pharisee, a member of a Jewish sect active in the 1^st century. Their name meant separate in the sense of wanting to live a life separated from sin. Whereas the Sadducees were part of the priestly line and inherited their religious position and responsibilities, Pharisees were regular people who studied the scriptures and offered guidance to regular folk. Sadducees were often wealthier and willing to sacrifice their identity to rub elbows with Roman society. Pharisees were often more concerned with what it meant to follow God without compromising what made them different as followers of God. Sadducees primarily believed in that which was written down (the first five books of the Bible) and Pharisees believed in the Bible and the traditions of the elders. Pharisees had a very wide range of interpretations and diversity of opinion. Their standard mode of religious engagement was lively debate with one another. To argue religion with another teacher was to recognize that they had something of value to offer.
^LXXVIII “eating” = esthio. This is to eat or figuratively to devour or consume like rust.

^LXXIX “heard” = akouo. Same as “reported” in v1. See note IV above.
^LXXX “are well” = ischuo. From ischus (strength, might, power, force, ability; power that engages immediate resistance). This is to be strong or have power. It can also refer to being healthy and vigorous. Further, it can mean to prevail. It is strength in action against resistance, exercising force in a literal or figurative sense.
^LXXXI “need” = chreia. From chraomai (to use, make use of, give what is needed, act in a specific way, request); related to chre (what is proper, fitting, or necessary). This is the is task, business, or affair. It can also be need, want, or destitution.
^LXXXII “physician” = iatros. 7x in NT. From iaomai (to heal, particularly from a physical illness, or a spiritual difficulty; to cure or make whole in a literal or figurative sense). This is healer i.e. physician.

^LXXXIII “are” = echo. Same as “has” in v10. See note LII above.
^LXXXIV “sick” = kakos. 16x in NT. From kakos (bad, evil, harm, ill; evil that is part of someone’s core character – intrinsic, rotted, worthless, depraved, causing harm; deep inner malice that comes from a rotten character; can be contrasted with the Greek poneros, which is that which bears pain – a focus on the miseries and pains that come with evil; also contrasting the Greek sapros, which deals with falling away from a previously embodied virtue). This is wrongly, badly, cruelly, with bad motives, misery connected to affliction. It can be physically badly or morally badly, i.e. evilly.
^LXXXV “call” = kaleo. Related to keleuo (to command, order, direct); from kelomai (to urge on). This is to call by name, invite, to name, bid, summon, call aloud.
^LXXXVI “righteous” = dikaios. From dike (the principle of justice; that which is right in a way that is very clear; a decision or the execution of that decision; originally, this word was for custom or usage; evolved to include the process of law, judicial hearing, execution of sentence, penalty, and even vengeance; more commonly, it refers to what is right); may be from deiknumi (to show, point out, exhibit; figurative for teach, demonstrate, make known). This is correct, righteous, just, or a righteous person. It implies innocent or conforming to God’s standard of justice.

^LXXXVII “John’s” = Ioannes. Related to “Jesus” in v5. From Hebrew yochanan (Johanan); from Yehochanan (“the Lord has been gracious”); {from YHVH (see note XXVI above)} + chanan (beseech, show favor, be gracious; properly, to bend in kindness to someone with less status). This is John, meaning “the Lord has been gracious.”
^LXXXVIII “fasting” = nesteuo. Related to “eating” in v16. From a (not, without) + esthio (see note LXXVIII above). This is to fast, not eat food, to make a religious fast.
^LXXXIX “wedding guests” = huis + ho + numphon. Literally, “sons of the bridechamber.” Huios is the same as “Son” in v10. See note L above. Numphon is 3x in NT. From numphe (bride, daughter-in-law, young wife, or young woman); perhaps from nupto (to put on a veil as a bride does – in Latin nupto means simple to marry). This is the bridal chamber, groom, or place a wedding takes place.
^XC “bridegroom” = numphios. Related to “wedding guests” in v19. 16x in NT. From numphe (see note LXXXIX above). This is bridegroom in a literal or figurative sense.
^XCI “long” = chronos. Time in the chronological sense, quantitative time or a duration of time.
^XCII “taken away” = apairo. Related to “carried” in v3. 3x in NT. From apo (from, away from) + airo (see note XV above). This is to lift off, remove, withdraw.

^XCIII “sews” = epirapto. 1x in NT. From epi (on, upon, against, what is fitting) + the same as rhaphis (a needle, whether for sewing cloth or for surgery); {from rhapto (to sew)}. This is to sew or attach using a needle.
^XCIV “piece” = epiblema. 4x in NT. From epiballo (to place on, fall, lay, throw over, think about, waves crashing, emotions emerging); {from epi (on, upon, among, what is fitting) + ballo (to throw, cast, place, put, drop)}. This is a patch or piece.
^XCV “unshrunk” = agnaphos. 2x in NT. From a (not, without) + gnapheus (launderer, cleaner of cloth, fuller); {from knapto (to card wool)} This is carded i.e. new cloth made of wool.
^XCVI “cloth” = rhakos. 2x in NT. Perhaps from rhegnumi (to break, burst, wreak, crack, break apart). This is a rag or bit of cloth that has been torn off.
^XCVII “old” = palaios. 19x in NT. From palai (former, of old); probably from palin (back, again, further). This is old, ancient, or worn out.
^XCVIII “cloak” = himation. From heima (garment) OR from ennumi (to put on). This is the outer garment, cloak, robe, or mantle. It is worn loosely over a tunic.

^XCIX “patch” = pleroma. 18x in NT. From pleroo (to fill, make full or complete; properly, filling something up to the maximum extent or induvial capacity; used figuratively for furnish, influence, satisfy, finish, preach, perfect, and fulfill); from pleres (to be full, complete, abounding in, occupied with). This is fullness, supply, completion, superabundance, or multitude.
^C “pulls away” = airo. Same as “carried” in v3. See note XV above.
^CI “new” = kainos. This is not new as in new versus old. This is new in the sense of novel, innovative, or fresh.
^CII “worse” = cheiron. Related to “sick” in v17. 11x in NT. A comparative of kakos (see note LXXIV above). This is worse, more evil in a physical, mental, or moral sense.
^CIII “tear” = schisma. 8x in NT. From schizo (to split, divide, tear, sever; split in a literal or figurative sense). This is a split or a tear. Figuratively, it can refer to a schism, division, or dissension. This is where the word “schism” comes from and also “schizophrenia” (literally “split mind”).
^CIV “made” = ginomai. Same as {untranslated} in v15. See note LXXI above.

^CV “puts” = ballo. Related to “piece” in v21. See note XCIV above.
^CVI “new” = neos. This is young, new, fresh, or youthful. This is brand new as opposed to novel (which is kainos in Greek).
^CVII “wine” = oinos. Perhaps from Hebrew yayin (wine; root means to effervesce). This is wine. It is where the word “oenophile” comes from.
^CVIII “wineskins” = askos. 12x in NT – all in parallel passages. Perhaps from the same as askeo (to exercise, train, strive); probably from the same as skeuos (tool, container, property, goods). This is leather, wineskin, a leather bag for a bottle.
^CIX “burst” = rhegnumi. Related to “cloth” in v21. 7x in NT. See note XCVI above.
^CX “is lost” = apollumi. From apo (from, away from) + ollumi (to destroy or ruin; the loss that comes from a major ruination). This is to destroy, cut off, to perish – perhaps violently. It can also mean to cancel or remove.
^CXI “new” = neos. Same as “new” in v22. See note CVI above.
^CXII “fresh” = kainos. Same as “new” in v21. See note CI above.