Romans 16

^I “commend” = sunistemi. 16x in NT. From sun (with, together with) + histemi (to stand, place, establish, appoint, stand ready, be steadfast). This is to establish, exhibit, demonstrate, stand together, prove.
^II “sister” = adelphe. From adelphos (brother in a literal or figurative sense); {from a (with, sharing) + delphus (womb)}. This is sister in a literal or figurative sense.
^III “Phoebe” = Phoibe. 1x in NT. From phoibos (bright); probably related to phos (light, a source of light, fire, or radiance; light with specific reference to what it reveals; luminousness whether natural or artificial, abstract or concrete, literal or figurative); from phao (to shine or make visible, especially with rays of light); from the same as phaino (to bring light, cause to appear, shine, become visible or clear). This is Phoebe, meaning “bright” or “radiant” or “pure” or “prophet.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Phoebe.html

^IV {untranslated} = eimi. This is to be, exist.
^V “deacon” = diakonos. Perhaps from dia (through, across to the other side, thoroughly) + konis (dust) OR from dioko (to chase after, put to flight; by implication, to persecute or to purse like a hunter after its prey; this can be earnestly pursue or zealously persecute) {related to dio (put to flight)}. This is a servant, minister, waiter, or attendant. It is used for a person who performs a service, including religious service. This is the root of the word “deacon.”
^VI “church” = ekklesia. From ek (from, out from) + kaleo to call by name, invite, to name, bid, summon, call aloud) {related to keleuo (to command, order, direct); from kelomai (to urge on)}. This is properly a calling out or an assembly. It was used to refer to a church.
^VII “Cenchreae” = Kegchreai. 2x in NT. Perhaps from kegchros (millet). This is Cenchrea or Cenchreae.

^VIII “welcome” = prosdechomai. 14x in NT. From pros (at, to, toward, with) + dechomai (to warmly receive, be ready for what is offered, take, accept, or welcome; to receive in a literal or figurative sense). This is to receive, welcome, expect, accept. It is reception with a warm, personal welcome or active waiting. It can also mean endurance or patience.
^IX “Lord” = Kurios. From kuros (authority, supremacy). This is a respectful address meaning master or sir. It refers to one who has control or power greater than one’s own. So, it was also applied to God and Jesus as Master or Lord.
^X “fitting” = axios. 6x in NT. From axios (related to weight or worth – deserving, suitable, corresponding, due reward); from ago (to lead, bring, carry, guide, drive, go). This is worthily or appropriately. It is when something is held to have the same worth as its real value.
^XI “saints” = hagios. From hagnos (holy, sacred, pure ethically, ritually, or ceremonially; prepared for worship, chaste, unadulterated, pure to the core; undefiled by sin; figurative for innocent, modest, perfect). God is totally different from humanity and thus set apart. That which is consecrated to worship God (elements of worship) or to serve God (as the saints) are holy because they are now set apart for God’s purposes. Holy because important to God. This is sacred physically, pure. It can be morally blameless or ceremonially consecrated.

^XII “help” = paristemi. Related to “commend” in v1. From para (from beside, by) + histemi (see note I above). This is literally to place by stand. It can mean to present, exhibit, appear, bring, stand by, or prove. It can also mean to be ready, to assist, to yield, or to commend.
^XIII “whatever” = pragma. 11x in NT. From prasso (to do or practice – something done on an on-going basis or by habit; to accomplish, attend, or commit). This is an action, matter, or business. It is something done on a regular basis that is done in order to get something done.
^XIV “require” = chrezo. 5x in NT. From chre (what is proper, fitting, or necessary); from chraomai (to use, make use of, give what is needed, act in a specific way, request) This is to need, want, or desire.

^XV “been” = ginomai. This is to come into being, to happen, become, be born. It can be to emerge from one state or condition to another or is coming into being with the sense of movement or growth.
^XVI “benefactor” = prostatis. Related to “commend” in v1 & “help” in v2. 1x in NT. From proistemi (to set over, engage, lead, manage); {from pro (before, earlier than, ahead, prior) + histemi (see note I above)}. This is a patroness or helper.
^XVII “many” = polus. This is much, often, plenteous – a large number or a great extent.

^XVIII “greet” = aspazomai. Perhaps from a (with, together with) + a form of spao (to draw, draw out, pull). This is to welcome, salute, or greet. It can also be to embrace or acclaim.
^XIX “Prisca” = Priska. 3x in NT. From Latin priscus (Priscus, a male name); from Latin priscus (ancient, former); from prae (first, earlier). This is Prisca, meaning “of earlier times.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Prisca.html#.XsyzQmhKhPY & https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Prisca
^XX “Aquila” = Akulas. 6x in NT. From Latin Aquila (Aquila); from aquila (eagle); perhaps related to aquilus (“blackish, the color of darkness”); perhaps from aqua (water). This is Aquila, meaning eagle. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Aquila

^XXI “coworkers” = sunergos. 13x in NT. From sun (with, together with) + the base of ergon (work, task, deed, labor, effort) {from ergo (to work, accomplish, do)}. This is co-worker, associate, helper, co-laborer or one’s companion during labor.
^XXII “Christ” = Christos. From chrio (consecrate by anointing with oil; often done for prophets, priests, or kings). Literally, the anointed one, Christ. The Greek word for Messiah.
^XXIII “Jesus” = Iesous. From Hebrew Yehoshua (Joshua, the Lord is salvation); {from YHVH (proper name of the God of Israel; the self-existent and eternal one); {from havah (to become) or from hayah (to come to pass, become, be)} + yasha (to deliver, defend, help, preserve, rescue; properly, to be open, wide or free, which implies being safe. So, in a causative sense, this is to free someone)}. This is Jesus or Joshua in Greek – the Lord saves or the Lord is salvation.

^XXIV “risked” = hupotithemi. 2x in NT. From hupo (by, under, about, subordinate to) + tithemi (to put, place, set, fix, establish in a literal or figurative sense; properly, this is placing something in a passive or horizontal position). This is to place under, to sketch an outline, to make known, risk, put before.
^XXV “necks” = trachelos. 7x in NT. Probably from trachus (rough, uneven). This is the neck or throat. It can also refer to an embrace. It shares a root with the word “trachea.”
^XXVI “life” = psuche. From psucho (to breathe, blow). This is breath, the breath of life, the self, individual, soul. This is the word for that which makes a person unique – their identity, will, personality, affections. This isn’t the soul as the immortal part of us, but as our individuality. It is also not life as a general concept, but specific to people. This is where the words psyche and psychology come from.

^XXVII “only” = monos. Perhaps from meno (to stay, abide, wait, endure). This is alone, single, remaining, mere, desolate.
^XXVIII “give thanks” = eucharisteo. From eu (good, well, well done, rightly) + charis (grace, kindness, favor, gratitude, thanks; being inclined to or favorable towards – leaning towards someone to share some good or benefit; literal, figurative, or spiritual; grace as abstract concept, manner, or action); {from chairo (to rejoice, be glad; used to say hello; properly, delighting in the grace of God or experiencing God’s favor); from char– (to extend favor, lean towards, be inclined to be favorable towards)}. This is giving thanks, being thankful. It is a recognition that God’s grace is good and actively showing gratitude. It can also be used for saying grace before eating. This is where “eucharist” comes from.
^XXIX “all” = pas. This is all or every.
^XXX “gentiles” = ethnos. Probably from etho (a custom or culture). This is people who are united by having similar customs or culture. Generally, it is used to refer to Gentiles. This is a tribe, race, nation, or Gentiles in general. This is where the term “ethnicity” comes from.

^XXXI “house” = oikos. This is house – the building, the household, the family, descendants, the temple.
^XXXII “beloved” = agapetos. From agape (love, goodwill, benevolence; God’s divine love); from agapao (to love, take pleasure in, esteem; to prefer). This is Beloved or very dear one. It is a title for the Messiah, but also for Christians. Properly, this is one who personally experiences God’s love.
^XXXIII “Epaenetus” = Epainetos. 1x in NT. From epaineo (to praise or laud; to give someone the credit they are due); {from epi (on, upon, against, what is fitting) + aineo (to praise, praise God); {from ainos (praise, saying, story, proverb)}}. This is Epaenetus, meaning “praiseworthy” or “praised.”

^XXXIV “was” = eimi. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note IV above.
^XXXV “first convert” = aparche. 8x in NT. From apo (from, away from) + arche (origin, beginning, rule; can refer to the power of a magistrate or a king; it is the first thing as being the starting point or the most important); {from archomai (to begin or rule); from archo (to rule, begin, have first rank or have political power)}. This is first fruit or gift. It is the beginning of sacrifice – so the first crops of the season. It is also used figuratively of early converts in a specific location.
^XXXVI “Asia” = Asia. 18x in NT. Perhaps from Hittite assuwa (22 allied ancient states in Anatolia) OR Aegean asis (muddy, silty) OR Semitic root asu (rising or light; Asia as land to the east). This is Asia, the Roman province, which consisted of western Asia Minor. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_continent_name_etymologies

^XXXVII “Mary” = Maria. From Hebrew Miryam (Aaron and Moses’s sister); from marah (to be contentious, rebellious, bitter, provoking, disobedient; to be or make bitter or unpleasant; figuratively, to rebel or resist; causatively to provoke). This is Miriam or Mary.
^XXXVIII “worked” = kopiao. From kopos (labor that leads to exhaustion, depletion, weariness, fatigue; working until worn out); from kopto (to cut, strike, cut off; beating the chest to lament and so to mourn). This is working with effort, whether of the body or mind, growing weary, feeling tired, working hard.
^XXXIX “very hard” = polus. Same as “many” in v2. See note XVII above.

^XL “Andronicus” = Andronikos. 1x in NT. From aner (man, male, sir, husband) + nikos (victory, triumph – especially a conquest); {from nike (victory, conquest; figurative for what makes one successful)}. This is Andronicus, meaning “man of victory” or “victory of men.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Andronicus.html
^XLI “Junia” = Iounias. 1x in NT. From Latin Iuno (Juno, a goddess); from iuven (relating to youth). This is Junia, a name meaning “the younger.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Junia.html
^XLII “fellow Israelites” = suggenes. Related to “been” in v2. 12x in NT. From sun (with, together with) + genos (family, offspring, kin – in a literal or figurative sense); from ginomai (see note XV above)}. This is relative, kinsman, offspring, or otherwise someone from the same stock. It can also be used for a fellow countryman.
^XLIII “in prison with” = sunaichmalotos. 3x in NT. From sun (with, together with) + aichmalotos (a prisoner or captive in war); {from aichme (a spear) + haliskomai (taken or conquered) or halosis (capturing); from haliskomai (see above); from haireomai (to take, choose, or prefer); probably related to airo (raise, take up, lift, remove)}. This is a fellow prisoner or captive.

^XLIV “prominent” = episemos. 2x in NT. From epi (on, upon, among, what is fitting) + the same as semaino (to give a sign, signify, indicate, make known); {from sema (a sign or mark)}. This is prominent, conspicuous, remarkable, or notorious.
^XLV “apostles” = apostolos. Related to “commend” in v1 & “help” and “benefactor” in v2. From apostello (to send, send away, send forth as a messenger, to commission); {from apo (from, away from) + stello (to set, arrange, prepare, provide for); {probably from histemi (see note I above)}}. This is a messenger – someone sent out on a mission as an envoy or delegate. It can also refer to someone set at liberty. Generally, this is a messenger who is meant to be a representative of the one who sent them. They are thus, set apart on a mission literally or figuratively.
^XLVI “were” = ginomai. Same as “been” in v2. See note XV above.

^XLVII “Ampliatus” = Ampliatos. 1x in NT. From Latin Ampliatus (Ampliatus); from amplio (to delay decision, ennoble, enlarge, increase, magnify). This is Ampliatus or Amplias, which may be an imperial name. It may mean “enlarged.” See https://etymologeek.com/lat/ampliatus
^XLVIII “Urbanus” = Ourbanos. 1x in NT. From Latin urbanus (urbane, related to the city); from urbs (city). This is Urbanus, meaning “urbane.” See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Urbanus
^XLIX “Stachys” = Stachus. Related to “commend” in v1 & “help” and “benefactor” in v2 & “apostles” in v7. 1x in NT. From the same as stachus (head of grain); perhaps from histemi (see note I above). This is Stachys or Stachus, meaning “head of grain.”

^L “Apelles” = Apelles. 1x in NT. From the same as Apollonia (Apollonia, a Macedonian city); from Apollon (the Greek god Apollo, who was god of “light, music, medicine, poetry, prophecy, dance, manly beauty”); possibly from Pre-Greek (to drive away) OR from Greek apollumi (to destroy) OR apolouon (washing) OR apoluon (delivering) OR haploun (simple) OR aeiballon (always shooting) OR a (not) + polus (parts). This is Apelles, perhaps meaning “assembly” or “of Apollo” or “of the destroyer.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Apelles.html
^LI “approved” = dokimos. Related to “welcome” in v2. 7x in NT. From dechomai (see note VIII above) or dokeo (to have an opinion, seem, appear, suppose; a personal judgment; to think); {from dokos (opinion)}. This is what passes the test, approved, acceptable, genuine, verified.
^LII “Aristobulus” = Aristoboulos. Related to “first convert” in v5 & to “in prison with” in v7. 1x in NT. From the same as Aristarchos (Aristarchus, meaning “best leader” or “best ruling”); {from aristos (best); {from aristeuo (“to be the best)} + archos (leader); {from archo (see note XXXV above)}}. This is Aristobulus, meaning “best-counseling” or “best intention.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Aristobulus.html

^LIII “Herodion” = Herodion. 1x in NT. From Herodes (Herod, perhaps meaning “hero’s song,” “Hera’s song,” or “heroic”); {perhaps from heros (hero, warrior) + oide (song, ode, legend, tale) [from aoide (song, ode, legend, tale) {from aeido (to sing) + e (this is added to verbs to make them nouns)}] OR from hera (Hera) + oide (same as above)}. This is Herodion, meaning “hero’s song” or “heroic.” See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Herod
^LIV {untranslated} = eimi. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note IV above.
^LV “Narcissus” = Narkissos. 1x in NT. From Latin narcissus (narcissus flower); from Greek narke (numbness like a drug); from narkao (to become stiff or numb). This is Narcissus, meaning “narcissus” or “dopey” or “slow poke.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Narcissus.html

^LVI “workers” = kopiao. Same as “worked” in v6. See note XXXVIII above.
^LVII “Tryphaena” = Truphaina. 1x in NT. From truphe (softness, luxury; moral decay from too much luxury or debauchery); from thrupto (to break or become weak from over-indulgence). This is Tryphaena, meaning “luxurious” or “precious little one.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Tryphaena.html
^LVIII “Tryphosa” = Truphosa. Related to “Tryphaena” in v12. 1x in NT. From truphe (see note LVII above). This is Tryphosa, meaning “luxuriating” or “precious little two.” She may be Tryphaena’s sister – with a cutesy similar name. See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Tryphosa.html
^LIX “Persis” = Persis. 1x in NT. From Persikos (Persian); {from Old Persian Parsa (Persian); {maybe related to Sanskirt Parsu (Parsu, a tribe) or Sanskrit parasu (axe) or Proto-Iranian parcus (rib)}}. This is Persis, a woman’s name meaning “Persian.” See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%83%CE%AF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek
^LX “hard” = polus. Same as “many” in v2. See note XVII above.

^LXI “Rufus” = Rhouphos. 2x in NT. From Sabellian Rufrae or Rufrium (proper names); related to Latin ruber (red, ruby). This is Rufus, meaning “red.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Rufus.html
^LXII “chosen” = eklektos. From eklego (to choose, select, elect); {from ek (from, from out of) + lego (to speak, tell, mention)}. This is to select or choose. It is making a personal choice – a favorite.
^LXIII “mother” = meter. This is mother in a literal or figurative sense.

^LXIV “Asyncritus” = Asugkritos. 1x in NT. From a (not, without) + sugkrino (to combine, compare, explain, collate); {from sun (with, together with) + krino (to judge, decide, think good, condemn, determine, pass judgment, stand trial, sue; judging whether in court or in a private setting; properly, mentally separating or distinguishing an issue – to come to a choice or decision, to judge positively or negatively in seeking what is right or wrong, who is innocent or guilty; can imply trying, condemning, punishing, or avenging)}. This is Asyncritus, meaning “incomparable.”
^LXV “Phlegon” = Phlegon. 1x in NT. From the same as phlox (flame, blaze); from phlego (to burn or flash). This is Phlegon, meaning “blazing” or “flame” or “scorching.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Phlegon.html
^LXVI “Hermes” = Hermes. 2x in NT. Perhaps from ereo (to say, tell, speak). This is Hermes, Greek god who was messenger to the other gods, also god of language. His name may mean “new declaration” or “supporting message” or “border crosser.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Hermes.html

^LXVII “Patrobas” = Patrobas. 1x in NT. From Patrobios (Patrobios); {from pater (father, ancestor, elder, senior; father in a literal or figurative sense) + bios (life, livelihood, goods, wealth)} OR from pater (see above) + basileus (king, emperor, sovereign); {probably from basis (step, hence foot; a pace); from baino (to walk, to go}}. This is Patrobas, meaning “father’s life” or “life of the father” or “father is king.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Patrobas.html
^LXVIII “Hermas” = Hermas. Related to “Hermes” in v14. 1x in NT. From Hermes (see note LXVI above). This is Hermas, with the same meaning as Hermes. See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Hermes.html
^LXIX “brothers” = adelphos. Related to “sister” in v1. See note II above.

^LXX “Philologus” = Philologos. Related to “chosen” in v13. 1x in NT. From philos (dear, beloved, a friend, an associate; friendship with personal affection, a trusted confidante; love from personal experience with another person) + logos (word, statement, speech, analogy; a word that carries an idea or expresses a thought, a saying; a person with a message or reasoning laid out in words; by implication, a topic, line of reasoning, or a motive; can be used for a divine utterance or as Word – Christ); {from lego (see note LXII above)}. This is Philologos or Philologus, meaning “fond of words” or “student” or “scholar” or “talkative.” It shares roots with philology. 
^LXXI “Julia” = Ioulia. 1x in NT. From Ioulios (Julius, a centurion); {from Latin iulus (soft hair) or from Old Latin Iovilios (from Jove); {from Iovis (Jove, Jupiter); from Proto-Indo-European dyws (sky, sky god)}}. This is Julia, perhaps a slave or someone who was freed. It means “downy” or “hairy.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Julia.html & https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iulia#Latin
^LXXII “Nereus” = Nereus. 1x in NT. Perhaps from naus (wet, boat); {from nao (to float)} OR from Hebrew nahar (to flow, sparkle, be cheerful) OR from Nereus (Nereus, a god of the sea). This is Nereus, meaning “he who shines” or “he who floats” or “fluvial.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Nereus.html & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nereus

^LXXIII “sister” = adelphe. Same as “sister” in v1. See note II above.
^LXXIV “Olympas” = Olumpas. Related to “in prison with” in v7 & “Aristobulus” in v10. 1x in NT. From Olumpos (Olympus, where 12 Greek gods are said to live); {perhaps from olai (barley groats) or Pre-Greek (mountain) or similar to ouranos (air, sky, the atmosphere, heaven; the sky that is visible; the spiritual heaven where God dwells; implies happiness, power, and eternity); {perhaps from oros (mountain, hill); from airo (see note XLIII above)}}. This is Olympas, meaning “as Olympus” or “good enough to be on Olympus” or “heavenly” or “heaven-descended” or “gathering/storage.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Olympas.html & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Olympus
^LXXV “holy” = hagios. Same as “saints” in v2. See note XI above.
^LXXVI “kiss” = philema. Related to “Philologus” in v15. 7x in NT. From phileo (friendship love and fondness with personal attachment; kiss as a sign of love deriving from this personal affection -cherishing); {from philos (see note LXX above)}. This is a kiss of friendship or other deep bond.

^LXXVII “urge” = parakaleo. From para (beside, by, in the presence of) + kaleo (to call by name, invite, to name, bid, summon, call aloud) {related to keleuo (to command, order, direct); from kelomai (to urge on)}. This is to call to, summon, invite, request, or beg. It can also be exhort or admonish. Also, this can be encourage, comfort, or console. This word has legal overtones and is used of one’s advocate in a courtroom. It is the root of the name of the Holy Spirit “paraclete” is our advocate and comforter.
^LXXVIII “keep an eye on” = skopeo. 6x in NT. From skopos (a mark or goal like the marker at the end of a race; figuratively, other goals or destinations; also, a watch or sentry); from skeptomai (to peer out, consider, gaze carefully); perhaps related to skapto (to dig or excavate). This is to look at, take heed, consider, observe, ai at, or spy. This word shares a root with “scope” in English.
^LXXIX “create” = poieo. This is to make, do, act, construct, abide, or cause.
^LXXX “dissensions” = dichostasia. Related to “commend” in v1 & “help” and “benefactor” in v2 & “apostles” in v7 & “Stachys” in v9. 2x in NT. From dichostateo (to stand apart) OR from dis (twice, utterly, again); {from duo (two, both)} + stasis (standing – the act of standing, a place, an uprising, insurrection, dissension, or controversy); {from the base of histemi (see note I above)}. This is standing apart, division, creating meaningless factions.

^LXXXI “hindrances” = skandalon. 15x in NT. Perhaps from kampto (to bend or bow). This is a stumbling block, offense, hindrance, or scandal. Properly, this is the part of the trap that triggers it shut on the victim. So, as a snare, it is anything that causes error or offense, something that makes one stumble or traps someone. This is where the word “scandal” comes from.
^LXXXII “teaching” = didache. From didasko (to teach, direct, instruct, or impart knowledge; in the New Testament, almost always used for teaching scripture); from dao (to learn). This is teaching or doctrine.
^LXXXIII “learned” = manthano. This is to learn, ascertain, understand. It is knowledge that one gets from personal experience and it implies reflecting on that experience. It can also focus on gaining knowledge by learning facts. This root is where the Greek word for disciple comes from (mathetes).
^LXXXIV “avoid” = ekklino. 3x in NT– 2x in Romans & 1x in 1 Peter. From ek (from, from out of) + klino (to slant, rest, recline, approach an end, wear; to bend in a literal or figurative sense – to lay down, a day ending, causing an opposing army to flee). This is to turn away, avoid, deviate, bend from, exclude, shun.

^LXXXV “serve” = douleuo. From doulos (a servant or for a slave, enslaved; someone who belongs to someone else, but could be voluntary to pay off debt or involuntary – captured in war and enslaved; a metaphor for serving Christ); perhaps from deo (to tie, bind, fasten, impel, compel; to declare something against the law or prohibited). This is to be a slave, serve, do service, obey, be devoted.
^LXXXVI “appetites” = koilia. From koilos (hollow). This is belly or organs in the abdomen. So, it could be stomach, womb, or heart. Figuratively, this refers to one’s inner self.
^LXXXVII “smooth talk” = chrestologia. Related to “require” in v2 & to “chosen” in v13 & “Philologus” in v15. 1x in NT. From chrestos (useful, good, well-fitted, benevolent, kind, gracious; also a name given to slaves in the ancient world); {from chraomai (see note XIV above)} + lego (see note LXII above). This is smooth speech, kind words, plausibility.

^LXXXVIII “flattery” = eulogia. Related to “give thanks” in v4 & to “chosen” in v13 & “Philologus” in v15 & “smooth talk” in v18. 16x in NT. From eulogeo (speaking well of – speaking so that the other is benefited; praise, bless, thank, or call for a blessing); {from eu (see note XXVIII above) + logos (see note LXX above)}. This is praise, blessing, gift, eloquent language.
^LXXXIX “deceive” = exapatao. 6x in NT. From ek (from, from out of) + apatao (to deceive, seduce, cheat, delude; focuses on the method used to lure astray); {from apate (deception, cheating, treachery, fraud)}. This is to deceive of beguile. It focuses on the final effects of the deception.
^XC “hearts” = kardia. Literally the heart, but figuratively mind, character, inner self, will, intention, thoughts, feelings. Also, the center of something. The word heart is only used figuratively in the Old and New Testaments. This is where “cardiac” comes from.
^XCI “simple-minded” = akakos. 2x in NT. From a (not, without) + kakos (bad, evil, harm, ill; evil that is part of someone’s core character – intrinsic, rotted, worthless, depraved, causing harm; deep inner malice that comes from a rotten character). This is literally one that does not cause harm or pain – one with pure motives. So, it could be innocent, guileless, unsuspecting.

^XCII “obedience” = hupakoe. 15x in NT. From hupoakouo (to listen, to attend to, or obey; acting subordinate to one who speaks – heeding a command or authority); {from hupo (by, under, about, subordinate to) + akouo (listen, hear, understand through hearing)}. This is obedience, submissiveness – listening attentively and acting in response.
^XCIII “known” = aphikneomai. 1x in NT. From apo (from, away from) + the same as hikanos (sufficient, suitable, adequate, competent, ample); from hiko or hikneomai (to reach, come to, attain) OR from hiketes (a suppliant). This is to reach, arrive, go. It could also be to spread news as happens when word flies by rumor.
^XCIV “rejoice” = chairo. Related to “give thanks” in v4. See note XXVIII above.

^XCV “want” = thelo. This is to wish, desire, will, or intend. It is to choose or prefer in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean inclined toward or take delight in. It can have a sense of being ready to act on the impulse in question.
^XCVI {untranslated} = men. This is truly, indeed, even, in fact. Often, it is not translated, but used to emphasize affirmation.
^XCVII “wise” = sophos. Related to saphes (clear). This is wise, clever, skilled, learned, cultivated. This is wisdom as expressed through a practical skill or ability as opposed to thoughtfulness, or intelligence.

^XCVIII “good” = agathos. This is good, a benefit, or a good thing. It is good by its very nature, intrinsically good. A different word, kalos, refers to external signs of goodness.
^XCIX “guileless” = akeraios. 3x in NT. From a (not, without) + kerannumi (to mix, mingle); {from kerao (to mix)}. This is pure, simple, innocent, sincere, unmixed. It is not touched by sinful motives.
^C “evil” = kakos. Related to “simple-minded” in v18. See note XCI above.
^CI “God” = Theos. From Proto-Indo-European origins, meaning do, put, place. This is God or a god in general.
^CII “peace” = eirene. Perhaps from eiro (to join, tie together to form a whole). This is one, peace, quietness, rest, peace of mind, harmony. Peace was a common farewell among Jews (i.e. shalom) and this well-wishing included a blessing of health and wholeness for the individual. This word also indicates wholeness and well-being – when everything that is essential is joined together properly. This is peace literally or figuratively. By implication, it is prosperity (but not in the sense of excessive wealth. Prosperity would have meant having enough from day to day.)

^CIII “shortly” = tachos. 8x in NT. From tachus (quickly, promptly; without unreasonable delay). This is quickly or immediately. It is not rushed, but as fast as is reasonable.
^CIV “crush” = suntribo. 8x in NT. From sun (with, together with) + the same as tribos (worn track or path like a rut that is formed from rubbing i.e. steady use; also road or highway); {from tribo (to rub or thresh)}. This is break in pieces, bruise, shatter, or crush completely.
^CV “Satan” = Satanas. From Hebrew satan (adversary, Satan); from satan (to be an adversary, attack, accuse, resist). This is Satan, the adversary, or an adversary.
^CVI “feet” = pous. This is foot in a literal or figurative sense.
^CVII “grace” = charis. Related to “give thanks” in v4 & “rejoice” in v19. See note XXVIII above.

^CVIII “Timothy” = Timoutheou. Related to “God” in v20. From time (worth or something’s perceived value; literally, price, but figuratively, the honor or value one sees in someone or something else; can be esteem or dignity; precious or valuables); {from tino (to pay, be punished, pay a penalty or fine because of a crime); from tio (to pay respect, value)} + Theos (see note CI above). This is Timothy, literally “dear to God.”
^CIX “Lucius” = Loukious. 2x in NT. From Latin lux (light, day). This is Lucius, meaning “illuminative” or “of light” or “of the day.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Lucius.html
^CX “Jason” = Iason. Related to “Jesus” in v3. 5x in NT. Perhaps from iaomai (to heal, particularly from a physical illness, or a spiritual difficulty; to cure or make whole in a literal or figurative sense) OR from Yah (the shortened form of the name of the God of Israel; God, Lord); {from YHVH (see note XXIII above)} + yasha (see note XXIII above). This is Jason, which may mean “about to cure” or “healer” or “he will heal” or “the Lord will save” or “the Lord saves.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Jason.html 
^CXI “Sosipater” = Sosipatros. Related to “Patrobas” in v14. 1x in NT. From Sopatros (Sopater); {from the same as sozo (to save, heal, preserve, or rescue; taking someone from danger to safety; delivering or protecting literally or figuratively); {from sos (safe, rescued, well)} + pater (see note LXVII above)}. This is Sosipater, meaning “of a safe father” or “father of salvation” or “preserved the father” or “keeper of the father.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Sopater.html

^CXII “Tertius” = Tertios. 1x in NT. From Latin tertius (third). This is Tertius, meaning “third.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Tertius.html
^CXIII “writer” = grapho. This is to write or describe. It is where the word “graphic” comes from.
^CXIV “letter” = epistole. Related to “commend” in v1 & “help” and “benefactor” in v2 & “apostles” in v7 & “Stachys” in v9 & “dissensions” in v17. From epistello (to write, communicate through letter); {from epi (on, upon, against, what is fitting) + stello (see note XLV above)}. This is an epistle, letter, or other written message. This is where the word “epistle” comes from.

^CXV “Gaius” = Gaios. 5x in NT. Probably from Latin Gavius (Gavius); from the same as gaudere (to rejoice); from “Proto-Indo-European geh-w-” (to rejoice) OR from gaia (earth, land). This is Gaius or Caius. I may mean “of the land” or “made of earthly material” or “rejoice.”  See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Gaius#Latin & https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Gaius.html
^CXVI “host” = xenos. 14x in NT– including 5x in Matthew 25 of the judgment of the nations “I was a stranger and you welcomed me.” This is foreign or foreigner, an alien or guest. It could also be something new, novel, or strange. This is where the word “xenophobia” comes from.
^CXVII “whole” = holos. This is whole, complete, or entire. It is a state where every member is present and functioning in concert. This is the root of the word “whole.”
^CXVIII “Erastus” = Erastos. 3x in NT. From erao (to love). This is Erastus, meaning “beloved.”

^CXIX “city” = polis. This is a city or its inhabitants. It is a town of variable size, but one that has walls. This is where “metropolis” and “police” come from.
^CXX “treasurer” = oikonomos. Related to “house” in v5. 10x in NT. From oikos (see note XXXI above) + nemo (to manage) OR from oikos (see above) + the base of nomos (what is assigned – usage, law, custom, principle; used for the law in general or of God’s law; sometimes used to refer to the first five books of the Bible or the entire Old Testament; also used to refer to theology or the practice and tradition of interpreting and implementing the law of God); {from nemo (to parcel out, assign)}. This is a steward, manager, or guardian. It refers to someone whose job it is to oversee a house. It can also be a treasurer or other fiscal agent. Figuratively, this can mean someone who preaches the good news.
^CXXI “Quartus” = Kouartos. 1x in NT. From Latin quartus (fourth). This is Quartus, meaning “fourth.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Quartus.html
^CXXII “amen” = amen. From Hebrew amen (verily, truly, amen, truth, so be it, faithfulness); from aman (to believe, endure, fulfill, confirm, support, be faithful, put one’s trust in, be steadfast. Figuratively, this is to be firm, steadfast, or faithful, trusting, believing, being permanent, morally solid). This word is literally firmness, but figuratively fidelity, faithfulness, honesty, responsibility, trust, truth, steadfastness. Properly, it is to be sure, certain, or firm. This is a word of emphasis indicating that something crucial follows.

^CXXIII “is able” = dunamai. This is to be able, or something that is possible. It can also be empowered or being powerful. The Greek word for “miracle” (dunamis) comes from this root.
^CXXIV “strengthen” = sterizo. Related to “commend” in v1 & “help” and “benefactor” in v2 & “apostles” in v7 & “Stachys” in v9 & “dissensions” in v17 & “letter” in v22. 13x in NT. From sterigx (a support, plant down); perhaps from histemi (see note I above). This is to make fast, support, strengthen, establish, fix firmly, to go resolutely.
^CXXV “gospel” = euaggelion. Related to “fitting” in v2 & to “give thanks” in v4 & “flattery” in v18. From eu (see note XXVIII above) + aggelos (angel, messenger; a messenger from God bringing news – whether a prophet or an angel); {from aggellos (to bring tidings); probably from ago (see note X above)}. This is literally “the good news,” used for the gospel. This is also where “evangelism” comes from.

^CXXVI “proclamation” = kerugma. 9x in NT. From kerusso (proclaim, preach, publish; properly, to act as a herald – announcing something publicly with confidence and/or to persuade). This is proclamation – both the preaching and that which is preached. Sometimes times used to refer to the Gospel itself.
^CXXVII “revelation” = apokalupsis. 18x in NT. From apokalupto (properly to uncover; revealing something that was hidden or obstructed; particularly refers to revealing the essence of something; to make plain or manifest); {from apo (from, away from) + kalupto (to cover, hide, conceal; figuratively, to keep hidden or secret) {related to kalube (hut, cabin)}. This is uncovering, unveiling, appearing, manifestation, or revelation. This is where the word “apocalypse” comes from.
^CXXVIII “mystery” = musterion. From mustes (an initiate); from mueo (to initiate someone into the secrets or mysteries of an order; to instruct learn, be disciples; properly, shutting your mouth and eyes to experience mystery); from muo (shutting eyes or mouth). This is a mystery or a secret doctrine that requires initiation to learn. In the New Testament, the plans of God were hidden until they were revealed in Christ through the Gospel. It is also used of Christian revelation in a broad sense rather than referring to something that cannot be known. This is the root of the word “mystery.”

^CXXIX “kept secret” = sigao. 10x in NT. From sige (silence, hush); perhaps from sizo (to hiss or hush). This is to be silent or hold peace.
^CXXX “long” = aionios. From aion (an age, length of time); from the same as aei (ever, always, unceasingly, perpetually; on every occasion). This is age-long, forever, everlasting. Properly, that which lasts for an age. This is where eon comes from.
^CXXXI “ages” = chronos. Time in the chronological sense, quantitative time or a duration of time.

^CXXXII “disclosed” = phaneroo. Related to “Phoebe” in v1. From phaneros (visible, apparent, clear, shining); from phos (see note III above). This is to make visible or clear, to make known. Properly, it is to illumine and so to make apparent or bring into open view.
^CXXXIII “prophetic” = prophetikos. Related to “Phoebe” in v1 & “disclosed” in v26. 2x in NT. From prophetes (prophet or poet; one who speaks with inspiration from God); {from pro (before, in front of, earlier than) + phemi (to declare, say, use contrasts in speaking to shed light on one point of view); {from phao (see note III above) or phaino (see note III above)}. This is prophetic – said by a prophet or related to prophecy.
^CXXXIV “writings” = graphe. Related to “writer” in v22. From grapho (see note CXIII above). This is literally writing, a document. In the New Testament, this is always used for scripture.

^CXXXV “made known” = gnorizo. From ginosko (to know, recognize, realize, perceive, learn; gaining knowledge through personal experience). This is to declare, know, discover, make known.
^CXXXVI “command” = epitage. 7x in NT. From epitasso (to arrange, command, charge); {from epi (on, upon, to, against, what is fitting) + tasso (to arrange, appoint, determine)}. This is a command, instruction, authority, decree.
^CXXXVII “eternal” = aionios. Same as “long” in v25. See note CXXX above.

^CXXXVIII “faith” = pistis. From peitho (to have confidence, urge, be persuaded, agree, assure, believe, have confidence, trust). This is less about knowing, believing, and repeating a list of doctrines then it is about trusting God. Faith means listening to God and seeking to live a holy life even (and especially) when we don’t understand how everything works or fits together. Faith is about being faithful (trusting and doing) rather than being all knowing.
^CXXXIX “glory” = doxa. Related to “approved” in v10. From dokeo (see note LI above). This is literally something that evokes a good opinion – something that connects to our understanding of intrinsic worth. The ultimate expression of this is, of course, God and God’s manifestation. So, this is opinion, honor, and dignity, but also praise, glory, renown, and worship.
^CXL “forever” = eis + ho + aion + ho + aion. Literally, “to the ages of the ages.” Aion is related to “long” in v25. See note CXXX above.