Joshua 2

^I “Joshua” = Yehoshua. From YHVH (proper name of the God of Israel; the self-existent and eternal one); {from havah (to become) or from hayah (to come to pass, become, be)} + yasha (to deliver, defend, help, preserve, rescue; properly, to be open, wide or free, which implies being safe. So, in a causative sense, this is to free someone). This is Joshua, Jeshua, or Yehoshua, which means “the Lord is salvation.”
^II “son” = ben. From banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense.
^III “Nun” = Nun. From nun (to propagate, continue, resprout, be perpetual). This is Nun or Non, meaning “perpetuity.”

^IV “sent” = shalach. This is to send out, away, send for, forsake. It can also mean to divorce or set a slave free.
^V “two” = shenayim. From sheni (double, again, another, second); from shanah (to fold, repeat, double, alter, or disguise). This is two, both, second, couple.
^VI “men” = ish. Perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is man, husband, another, or humankind.
^VII “secretly” = cheresh. 2x in OT. From charash (to scratch, which implies etching or plowing; to manufacture regardless of materials used; figuratively, to devise or conceal; secrecy – hence, being silent, left alone, or speechless). This is silently or secretly.
^VIII “Shittim” = Shittim. 5x in OT. From the same as shittah (acacia); from the same as shotet (whip, goad); from shot (whip – literal or figurative); from shut (to push, wander around, row, travel). This is Shittim. It means “acacias” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Shittim.html

^IX “spies” = ragal. From regel (foot, endurance, or journey; a foot as the means of walking and so it implies a step or a greater journey; can euphemistically mean private parts). This is to walk along, spy out, slander.
^X “saying” = amar. This is to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report.
^XI “go” = halak. This is go, come, walk. It is walk literally and figuratively and includes people and animals. It can be used figuratively for one’s moral life – how we walk according to God’s way or against it. It can also refer to the walk of life as in the course one’s life takes, the choices we make, etc.
^XII “view” = raah. This is to see in a literal or figurative sense so stare, advise, think, view.
^XIII “land” = erets. Root may mean to be firm. This is earth, ground, field land, or country.
^XIV “Jericho” = Yericho. From yareach (moon); {from the same as yerach (month)} OR from ruach (smell, breathe, perceive, anticipate, accept, enjoy). This is Jericho meaning either “moon city” or “fragrant place.”

^XV “entered” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^XVI “house” = bayit. Related to “son” in v1. Probably from banah (see note II above). This is house, court, family, palace, temple.
^XVII {untranslated} = ishshah. Related to “men” in v1. From ish (see note VI above). This is woman, wife, or female.
^XVIII “prostitute” = zanah. This is being or playing a prostitute. Figuratively, it can also mean fornicating.

^XIX “name” = shem. May be from sum (to put, place, set). This is name, fame, renown. A name was thought to indicate something essential about a person – something about their individuality. So, this word can also mean honor, authority, or character.
^XX “Rahab” = Rachab. 5x in OT. From rachab (to grow wide or enlarge in a literal or figurative sense; extend, relieve, rejoice, or speak boldly). This is Rahab, a name meaning “wide” or “spacious.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Rahab.html
^XXI “spent the night” = shakab. This is to lie down, lodge. It is lying for sleep, sex, or other reasons.

^XXII “king” = melek. From malak (to be or become king or queen, to rise to the throne, to be crowned; by implication, to take counsel). This is king or royal.
^XXIII “told” = amar. Same as “saying” in v1. See note X above.
^XXIV {untranslated} = amar. Same as “saying” in v1. See note X above.
^XXV {untranslated} = hinneh. From hen (lo! Behold! If, though; an expression of surprise). This is to draw attention, show suddenness or surprise, or to emphasize the importance of the coming statement. See! Lo! Behold!
^XXVI {untranslated} = enosh. Related to “men” and {untranslated} in v1. See note VI above.
^XXVII “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Literally, “children of Israel.” Ben is the same as “son” in v1. See note II above. Yisrael is from sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (God or god). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.

^XXVIII “come” = bo. Same as “entered” in v1. See note XV above.
^XXIX “here” = hennah. Related to {untranslated} in v2. Perhaps from hen (see note XXV above). This is here in a location or here in a time, i.e. now.
^XXX “tonight” = layil. Properly, this refers to light twisting away. It is used for night or midnight. Figuratively, this can mean adversity.
^XXXI “search out” = chaphar. This is properly to pry into. It can also mean to dig search for, sink, or explore.

^XXXII {untranslated} = amar. Same as “saying” in v1. See note X above.
^XXXIII “bring out” = yatsa. This is to go or come out, bring forth, appear. It is to go out in a literal or figurative sense.
^XXXIV “whole” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.
^XXXV “woman” = ishshah. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note XVII above.
^XXXVI “took” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^XXXVII “hid” = tsaphan. This is to hide something by covering it. It implies hoarding or keeping something in reserve. It can mean to protect or to lurk.

^XXXVIII “true” = ken. Perhaps from kun (properly, in a perpendicular position; literally, to establish, fix, fasten, prepare; figuratively, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous). This is to set upright. Generally used figuratively to mean thus, so, afterwards, rightly so.
^XXXIX “know” = yada. This is to know, acknowledge, advise, answer, be aware, be acquainted with. Properly, this is to figure something out by seeing. It includes ideas of observation, recognition, and care about something. It can be used causatively for instruction, designation, and punishment.
^XL {untranslated} = hayah. Related to “Joshua” in v1. See note I above.
^XLI “close” = sagar. This is to shut up, imprison, lock, hand over, or figuratively surrender.
^XLII “gate” = shaar. May be related to sha’ar (to calculate or reckon; may come from a root that means to open up or split). This is a gate, door, or other opening like a port.

^XLIII “dark” = choshek. From chashak (to be or become dark). This is literal darkness is contrast to light. Figuratively, it can be obscurity, sorrow, misery, blindness, wickedness, destruction, death. It can also be hiding places. Additionally, it can mean judgment, mourning, ignorance, evil, or sin.
^XLIV “went out” = yatsa.  Same as “bring out” in v3. See note XXXIII above.
^XLV “pursue” = radaph. This is to chase after, pursue, hunt, or persecute. It is running after someone or something, generally with hostile motives.
^XLVI {untranslated} = achar. From achar (to remain behind, linger, continue, be behind, or delay; can also imply procrastination). This is after or the last part, following.
^XLVII “quickly” = maher. 18x in OT. From mahar (being liquid, which implies flowing; so, hurrying forward, whether in a positive or negative sense). This is speedy, quickly, soon, suddenly, or at once.
^XLVIII “overtake” = nasag. This is to reach in a literal or figurative sense. It is to overtake, catch, or be able to.

^XLIX “brought…up” = alah. This is to go up, approach, ascend, be high, be a priority; to arise in a literal or figurative sense.
^L “roof” = gag. Perhaps from ga’ah (to rise up, increase, grow, be highly exalted; figuratively to be majestic). This is a housetop or other top. It can refer to the surface of an altar.
^LI “hidden” = taman. This is to hide, bury, keep in reserve. It is hiding something by covering it.
^LII “stalks” = ets. Perhaps from atsah (to shut, fasten, firm up, to close one’s eyes). This is tree or other things related to trees like wood, sticks, or stalks. It can also refer to wood products like a plank or staff or gallows. Additionally, this can refer to a carpenter.
^LIII “flax” = pesheth. 16x in OT. From the same as pash (extremity, continuing). This is flax or linen.
^LIV “laid out” = arak. This is to arrange by setting in a row. It can also mean to set a battle, estimate, put in order, or compare.

^LV “way” = derek. From darak (to tread, march, to walk. Can also mean affixing a string to a box since one needs to step on it to bend it in the process; so also an archer). This is a road as a thing that is walked on. Can be used figuratively for the path that one’s life takes or how one chooses to live one’s life.
^LVI “Jordan” = Yarden. From yarad (to go down, descend; going down in a literal or figurative sense; going to the shore or a boundary, bringing down an enemy). This is the Jordan River, meaning “descending.”
^LVII “fords” = ma’abar. 11x in OT. From abar (to pass over, pass through, or pass by; cross over or to alienate; used for transitions). This is a ford or place to cross, whether a river or mountain pass. It can also be transit.
^LVIII “pursuers” = radaph. Same as “pursue” in v5. See note XLV above.
^LIX “shut” = sagar. Same as “close” in v5. See note XLI above.

^LX “before” = terem. May come from a word that means to interrupt. This is not yet or before.
^LXI “went to sleep” = shakab. Same as “spent the night” in v1. See note XXI above.
^LXII “came up” = alah. Same as “brought…up” in v6. See note XLIX above.
^LXIII “Lord” = YHVH. Related to “Joshua” in v1 & {untranslated} in v5. See note I above.
^LXIV “given” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.

^LXV “dread” = emah. 17x in OT. From the same as ayom (dreadful, frightful, awesome). This is terror, fright, horror, fearsome, idol.
^LXVI “fallen” = naphal. This is to fall, whether by accident, to fall prostrate, or to fall in violent death. Figuratively, it can refer to personal ruin or calamity, a city falling, an attack or a falling away. It can also be a deep sleep or wasting away.
^LXVII “all” = kol. Same as “whole” in v3. See note XXXIV above.
^LXVIII “inhabitants” = yashab. This is to sit and so to remain and so to dwell. It is sitting for any reason – as a judge, in order to ambush, or just sitting quietly. Causatively, this can mean settling or marrying. This can also mean continue, endure, or establish.

^LXIX “melt in fear” = mug. 17x in OT. This is to let, dissolve, soften, flow. It can also mean to fear, dishearten, be faint, or disappear.
^LXX “before” = paneh. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.
^LXXI “heard” = shama. This is to hear, call, consent, or consider. It implies listening intelligently, giving attention, and, because of these two factors, obedience and action are often implied.
^LXXII “dried up” = yabesh. This is to be dry, withered, confused, or ashamed. It can also be to fail.

^LXXIII “water” = mayim. This is water, waters, or waterway in a general sense. Figuratively, it can also mean juice, urine, or semen.
^LXXIV “Red” = suph. Perhaps from Egyptian twfi (reeds). This is reeds or rushes. It can be used particularly to refer to papyrus, or a flag. This is https://www.abarim-publications.com/Dictionary/sa/sa-p-pfin.html#.XzHCuChKhPY
^LXXV “Sea” = yam. Root may mean to roar. This is the sea, often referring to the Mediterranean. It comes from the root in the sense of the roar of crashing surf. This word is sometimes used for rivers or other sources of water. It can mean to the west or to the south.
^LXXVI “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v9. See note LXX above.

^LXXVII “came out” = yatsa. Same as “bring out” in v3. See note XXXIII above.
^LXXVIII “Egypt” = Mitsrayim. Perhaps from matsor (besieged or fortified place, bulwark, entrenchment; something hemmed in; a siege or distress or fastness); from tsur (to confine, besiege, to cramp). This is Egypt.
^LXXIX “did” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.
^LXXX “Amorites” = Emori. Related to “saying” in v1. From amar (see note X above). This is Amorite or Emori, perhaps meaning talkers.
^LXXXI “beyond” = eber. Related to “fords” in v7. From abar (see note LVII above). This is the place across or beyond, by, from, other, the opposite side, against, over. It often refers to the other side of the Jordan river or toward the east.

^LXXXII “Sihon” = Sichon. Perhaps from the same as suach (Suach, a name); from the same as suchah (something swept away, refuse). This is Sihon or Sichon, a name perhaps meaning “tempestuous.”
^LXXXIII “Og” = Og. From the same as uggah (bread cake, round ash cake); from ug (to gyrate, bake; baking a round cake). This is Og, a name perhaps meaning “round.”
^LXXXIV “utterly destroyed” = charam. This is to ban, destroy, devote, seclude. It is to dedicate to a religious purpose, often for destruction.
^LXXXV “hearts” = lebab. May be related to labab (to encourage; properly, to be encased as with fat; used in a good sense, this means to transport someone with love; used in a bad sense, it can mean to dull one’s senses). This is the heart, courage, one’s inner self, the mind, or the will. Heart is only used in a figurative sense in the Old and New Testaments.
^LXXXVI “melted” = masas. This is to melt, discourage, faint. It can be to deteriorate from a sickness or weaken because of sleepiness or an emotional response.

^LXXXVII “no” = od. From ud (to admonish, repeat, duplicate, testify, restore, record, relieve). This is still, yet, again, more.
^LXXXVIII “courage” = ruach. Related to “Jericho” in v1. From ruach (see note XIV above). This is breath, wind, air, cool, spirit. This is wind, which resembles the breath and so this can be used figuratively for life itself or being frail/mortal/impermanent. It can refer to the air of the sky or the spirit.
^LXXXIX “left” = qum. To arise, stand, accomplish, establish, abide. This is rising as in rising against, getting up after being sick or asleep, arising from one state to another, becoming powerful, or rising for action. It can also be standing in a figurative sense.
^XC “any” = ish. Same as “men” in v1. See note VI above.
^XCI “because” = paneh. Same as “before” in v9. See note LXX above.

^XCII “God” = Elohim. Related to “Israelites” in v2. See note XXVII above.
^XCIII “heaven” = shamayim. Root may mean being lofty. This is sky, the air, or heaven. It is in a dual noun form so this might refer to the part of the sky where the clouds move on the one hand and the part beyond that where the sun, moon, and stars are on the other hand.
^XCIV “above” = maal. Related to “brought…up” in v6. From alah (see note XLIX above). This is the upper part, forward, high above, upwards, greater, heaven, or exceedingly.
^XCV “earth” = erets. Same as “land” in v1. See note XIII above.
^XCVI “below” = tachat. This is underneath, below, the bottom, instead of.

^XCVII “dealt” = asah. Same as “did” in v10. See note LXXIX above.
^XCVIII “kindly” = chesed. From chasad (being good, kind, merciful; may mean bowing one’s neck as is done in the presence of an equal for courtesy’s sake; so, if one in a superior position is treating you like an equal, that is what is captured here). This is favor, goodness, kindness, loving kindness, pity, reproach, or a good deed. When done by God to humanity, this is mercy/loving kindness. When done by humanity to God, it is piety.
^XCIX “swear” = shaba. Perhaps from sheba (seven – the number of perfection/sacred fullness). This is to swear, curse, vow, make a covenant. Properly, it can mean to be complete. This is to seven oneself – as in affirming something so strongly it is as though it were said seven times.

^C {untranslated} = na. This particle is used for requests or for urging. It can be we pray, now, I ask you, oh. This is the same “na” in “hosanna.”
^CI “family” = bayit + ab. Literally, “house of my father.” Bayit is the same as “house” in v1. See note XVI above. Ab is father, chief, or ancestor. It is father in a literal or figurative sense.
^CII “sign” = oth. From avah (to mark, sign, point out); OR from uth (to agree). This is a sign in a literal or figurative sense. It could be a flag or monument. It could be evidence or a mark. It could also be an omen or a miracle.
^CIII “good faith” = emet. From aman (to believe, endure, fulfill, confirm, support, be faithful, put one’s trust in, be steadfast. Figuratively, this is to be firm, steadfast, or faithful, trusting, believing, being permanent, morally solid). This is firmness or stability. Figuratively, it is faithfulness, truth, or trustworthiness. This is the same root that “amen” comes from.

^CIV “spare” = chayah. This is to live or keep alive in a literal or figurative sense. So, it can be revive, nourish, or save.
^CV “father” = ab. Same as “family” in v12. See note CI above.
^CVI “mother” = em. This is a mother as binding a family together or a breeding female animal. It could be mother in a literal or figurative sense.
^CVII “brothers” = ach. This is brother, kindred, another, other, like. It is literally brother, but it can also be someone who is similar, resembling, or related to.
^CVIII “sisters” = achot. Related to “brothers” in v13. From the same as ach (see note CVII above). This is sister in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean another or together.

^CIX “deliver” = natsal. This is to snatch someone or something away in a good sense – as rescue, defend, or deliver – or in a bad sense – as strip or plunder.
^CX “lives” = nephesh. Related to naphash (to refresh or be refreshed). This is soul, self, person, emotion. It is a breathing creature. Can also refer to appetites and desires.
^CXI “death” = mavet. From muth (to die in a literal or figurative sense). This can be death, deadliness, the dead, or the place where the dead go. It can be used figuratively for pestilence or ruin.
^CXII “for” = tachat. Same as “below” in v11. See note XCVI above.
^CXIII {untranslated} = mut. Related to “death” in v13. See note CXI above.

^CXIV “tell” = nagad. This is to declare, make conspicuous, stand in front, manifest, predict, explain.
^CXV “business” = dabar. From dabar (to speak, declare, discuss). This is speech, a word, a matter, an affair, charge, command, message, promise, purpose, report, request. It is a word, which implies things that are spoken of in a wide sense.
^CXVI {untranslated} = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v5. See note XL above.
^CXVII “faithfully” = emet. Same as “good faith” in v12. See note CIII above.

^CXVIII “let…down” = yarad. Related to “Jordan” in v7. See note LVI above.
^CXIX “rope” = chebel. From chabal (to bind, pledge, or wind tight; figuratively, can refer to perverting or destroying something; can also be used of writhing in pain, particularly in reference to childbirth). This is a band, rope, measuring line, noose. It can be a company, territory, or country. It can also refer to a throe of labor or ruin.
^CXX “through” = baad. Perhaps from ad (up to, while); from adah (to pass on, advance, decorate oneself). This is up to, behind, over, among.
^CXXI “window” = challon. From chalal (to pierce, which implies to wound; used figuratively for making someone or something profane or breaking your word; to begin as though one opened a wedge; to eat something as a common thing). This is window.

^CXXII “city” = qir. Perhaps from qur (to dig, destroy, wall up). This is a wall, ceiling, surface, mason, or town.
^CXXIII “wall” = chomah. From the same as cham (father-in-law – one’s husband’s father; perhaps from a root meaning to join). This is a wall – a wall as used for protection.
^CXXIV “resided” = yashab. Same as “inhabitants” in v9. See note LXVIII above.
^CXXV “hill country” = har. From harar (hill or mountain). This is mountain, hill, hilly region.
^CXXVI “so that…not” = pen. Related to “before” in v9. Perhaps from panah (see note LXX above). This is lest, if, or.
^CXXVII “come upon” = paga. This is to meet or happen, whether unintentionally or of violence. It can also be plead, spare, reach, or intercede.

^CXXVIII “hide” = chabah. 5x in OT. This is to withdraw, hide, or conceal.
^CXXIX “three” = shalosh. This is three, fork, three times.
^CXXX “days” = yom. Root may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.
^CXXXI “returned” = shub. To turn back, return, turn away – literally or figuratively. Doesn’t necessarily imply going back to where you started from. This is also the root verb for the Hebrew word for repentance “teshubah.”
^CXXXII “afterward” = achar. Same as {untranslated} in v5. See note XLVI above.

^CXXXIII “released” = naqiy. From naqah (to be empty, cleanse, acquit; to be clean in a literal or figurative sense). This is blameless, innocent, free from punishment, or clear.
^CXXXIV “oath” = shebuah. Related to “swear” in v12. From shaba (see note XCIX above). This is oath or curse.
^CXXXV {untranslated} = hinneh. Same as {untranslated} in v2. See note XXV above.
^CXXXVI “invade” = bo. Same as “entered” in v1. See note XV above.

^CXXXVII “tie” = qashar. This is to tie or bind. It can also refer to joining together as a league or in love. In a negative sense, it can mean to conspire.
^CXXXVIII “crimson” = shani. This is crimson or scarlet. It can also refer to the insect that the red dye is made from (coccus ilicis), the color of that dye, or things dyed with it (like thread).
^CXXXIX “cord” = tiqvah + chut. Tiqvah is from qavah (to wait, look, gather together, bind together, collect; figuratively, to expect). This is literally a cord used to attach things. Figuratively, it’s expectation, hope, what you long for. Chut is 7x in OT. This is a thread, cord, string, or line. Root may mean to sew. This word can also imply a measuring tape.
^CXL “gather” = asaph. This is to gather, assemble, or bring. It can also mean to take away, destroy, or remove.

^CXLI “any” = kol. Same as “whole” in v3. See note XXXIV above.
^CXLII “doors” = delet. From dalah (to draw, lift up; properly, to dangle; draw water; figuratively, to deliver). This is something that swings like a door, gate, leaf, lid, or other opening.
^CXLIII “street” = chuts. Root may mean to sever. So, this is something that is separated by a wall – the outside, the street, a field, highway, or abroad.
^CXLIV “be” = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v5. See note XL above.
^CXLV “responsible for their own death” = dam + rosh. Literally, “his blood on his own head.” Dam is perhaps from damam (to cease, be or become mute, silent, still, cut off, hold peace, be astonished, die). This is blood, bloodshed, bloodguilt, lifeblood, and death. It is used for people and animals. More often blood from a wound or the blood of the innocent. Used figuratively for violence or for wine. Closely tied to life and death. Rosh may come a word that means to shake. It is the head, captain, or chief. It can also be excellent or the forefront. It can be first in position or in statue or in time (i.e. the beginning).

^CXLVI “innocent” = naqiy. Same as “released” in v17. See note CXXXIII above.
^CXLVII “hand” = yad. This is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.
^CXLVIII “laid” = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v5. See note XL above.
^CXLIX “any” = kol. Same as “whole” in v3. See note XXXIV above.
^CL “tell” = nagad. Same as “tell” in v14. See note CXIV above.

^CLI “words” = dabar. Same as “business” in v14. See note CXV above.
^CLII “so” = ken. Same as “true” in v4. See note XXXVIII above.
^CLIII “sent…away” = shalach. Same as “sent’ in v1. See note IV above.
^CLIV “departed” = halak. Same as “go” in v1. See note XI above.
^CLV “cord” = tiqvah. Same as “cord” in v18. See note CXXXIX above.

^CLVI “went” = bo. Same as “entered” in v1. See note XV above.
^CLVII “stayed” = yashab. Same as “inhabitants” in v9. See note LXVIII above.
^CLVIII “searched” = baqash. This is to seek, ask, desire, or request. It can be any kind of searching. It can also mean to worship or pray – implies a striving for.
^CLIX “found” = matsa. This is to find, catch or acquire. It can also mean to come forth or appear. Figuratively, this can mean to meet or be together with.
^CLX “came down” = yarad. Same as “let…down” in v15. See note CXVIII above.
^CLXI “again” = shub. Same as “returned” in v16. See note CXXXI above.

^CLXII “crossed over” = abar. Related to “fords” in v7 & “beyond” in v10. See note LVII above.
^CLXIII “told” = saphar. From sepher (writing, document, book, evidence). This is properly to tally or record something. It can be enumerate, recount, number, celebrate, or declare.
^CLXIV “happened” = matsa. Same as “found” in v22. See note CLIX above.
^CLXV “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v9. See note LXX above.