Joshua 11

^I {untranslated} = hayah. This is to be or become, to happen.
^II “King” = melek. From malak (to be or become king or queen, to rise to the throne, to be crowned; by implication, to take counsel). This is king or royal.
^III “Jabin” = Yabin. 8x in OT. From bin (to discern, consider, attend to; distinguishing things in one’s mind or, more generally, to understand). This is Jabin or Yabin meaning “one who is intelligent.”
^IV “Hazor” = Chatsor. 18x in OT. From the same as chatser (village, settlement); from chatser (enclosure or court – a yard that is fenced in. It could also be a village or hamlet that is walled in); from chatsar (to blow a trumpet, trumpeter, to surround); from chatsotsrah (trumpet). This is Hazor, Chatsor – meaning “village.”

^V “heard” = shama. This is to hear, call, consent, or consider. It implies listening intelligently, giving attention, and, because of these two factors, obedience and action are often implied.
^VI “sent” = shalach. This is to send out, away, send for, forsake. It can also mean to divorce or set a slave free.
^VII “Jobab” = Yobab. 9x in OT. From yabab (to cry out, lament, to shout shrilly). This is Jobab and his offspring as well as others. It may mean “howler.”
^VIII “Madon” = Madon. 2x in OT – in Joshua 11 & 12. From din (to judge, defend, dispute, govern, quarrel, plead) OR from the same as madon (contention, strife, quarrel); {akin to middah (measure, size, garment, height, width, tribute); {from mad (measure, cloth, cloak, armor, stature, height); from madad (to measure, stretch, be extended, continue) or similar to madu (extent, measure, garment; may come from a word that refers to stretching)}}. This is Madon, a place meaning “contention,” “place of judgment” or “strive.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Madon.html

^IX “Shimron” = Shimron. 5x in OT. From shemer (something preserved so it is the dregs or settling parts of wine); from shamar (to keep, watch, or preserve; to guard something or to protect it as a thorny hedge protects something). This is Shimron, a personal name and a city meaning “guardianship,” “guardian,” or “watching.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Shimron.html
^X “Achshaph” = Akshaph. 3x in OT – in Joshua 11, 12, & 19. Perhaps from kashaph (doing sorcery, using magic, reciting a spell); from kesheph (sorcery, magic). This is Achshaph, a place meaning “fascination” or “sorcery.” See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achshaph
^XI “northern” = tsaphon. From tsaphan (to hide, hoard, reserve; to cover over or figuratively to deny; also to lurk). This is properly hidden, dark, or gloomy. It can also be used to refer to the north.
^XII “hill country” = har. From harar (hill or mountain). This is mountain, hill, hilly region.

^XIII “Arabah” = Arabah. From the same as arab (desert plateau, Arabia) OR from arab (to become evening); {from ereb (evening) or from arab (to exchange, give or take on pledge, braid, intermix)}. This is a desert valley or plain, wilderness. Also, the name of a place Arabah.
^XIV “south” = negeb. Root may mean to be parched. The Negeb is the south country – sometimes used to refer to Egypt. This is a land that suffers from a lot of drought.
^XV “Chinneroth” = Kinaroth. 7x in OT. Related to kinnor (lyre, harp; may come from a word meaning to twang). This is Chinnereth, Kinaroth, or Kinnereth. It may mean “harp-shaped.
^XVI “lowland” = shephelah. From shaphel (to be low, sink, be cast down, put down, humble, or humiliate). This is Shephelah, the name of a place. It means “lowland.”

^XVII “Naphoth-dor” = Naphah + Dor. Naphah is 4x in OT. From nuph (to rock back and forth, wave, sprinkle, quiver, beckon, offer, present). This is a height, border, coast, sieve. Dor is 7x in OT. From dor (a revolution of time, which is to say, an age or generation; a dwelling or one’s posterity); from dur (o move in a circle, which implies living somewhere or remaining there; it can also be the sense of piling or heaping up). This is Dor, meaning “dwelling” or “habitation.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Dor.html
^XVIII “west” = yam. Root may mean to roar. This is the sea, often referring to the Mediterranean. It comes from the root in the sense of the roar of crashing surf. This word is sometimes used for rivers or other sources of water. It can mean to the west or to the south.
^XIX “Canaanites” = Knaaniy. From Kanaan (Canaan, his descendants, and the land where they settled; perhaps meaning lowlands, describing their land or subjugated in reference to being conquered by Egypt); from kana (to be humble, subdue; properly, bend the knee). This is Canaanite, which in some instances would imply a peddler or sometimes used in place of Ishmaelite. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaan
^XX “east” = mizrach. From zarach (to rise, shine, or dawn; can also describe symptoms of leprosy). This is the east as the place where the sun rises. It can also refer to the sunrise itself.

^XXI “Amorites” = Emori. From amar (to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report). This is Amorite or Emori, perhaps meaning talkers.
^XXII “Hittites” = Chitti. From cheth (Heth or Cheth; one of Canaan’s sons from whom perhaps the Hittites descend) OR from hatat (terror, lacking strength or courage); perhaps from hata (to seize; often used of coals from a fire). This is Hittite – perhaps meaning terrors or terrible. See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Hittite.html#.XyMgpp5KhPY
^XXIII “Perizzites” = Perizzi. Perhaps from perazi (rural area, unwalled land); from the same as perazah (rural, village without walls, open country); from the same as paraz (root may mean to separate; perhaps warriors, chieftan, or throng). This is Perizzite, perhaps meaning rural or wild one.

^XXIV “Jebusites” = Yebusi. From yebus (threshing place; one of the former names of Jerusalem); from bus (to trample down, tread in a literal or figurative sense; to loathe, pollute, squirm). This is Jebusite, meaning treaders or threshers.
^XXV “Hivites” = Chivvi. Probably from the same as chavyah (life-giving, which implies the place where one lives like a village or place where one camps); probably from the same as Chavvah (Eve, life-giver); from chavah (show, tell, live, declare). This is Hivite, perhaps meaning villagers or tent villagers.
^XXVI “under” = tachat. This is underneath, below, the bottom, instead of.

^XXVII “Hermon” = Chermon. 13x in OT. From charam (to ban, destroy, devote, seclude; to dedicate to a religious purpose, often for destruction). This is Hermon, meaning “sacred mountain” or “abrupt.” It is in southern Syria and northern Israel.
^XXVIII “land” = erets. Root may mean to be firm. This is earth, ground, field land, or country.
^XXIX “Mizpah” = Mitspah. From tsaphah (to look out, look around, spy watchman, sentinel; leaning out to look far away; to await or observe). This is Mizpah, meaning “watchtower.”

^XXX “came out” = yatsa. This is to go or come out, bring forth, appear. It is to go out in a literal or figurative sense.
^XXXI “all” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.
^XXXII “troops” = machaneh. From chanah (to decline, bending down, or living in tents; can be camping to create a home or camping as a part of battle). This is an encampment, whether of people traveling together or soldiers. So, it can be a camp band, or company as well as an army of soldiers. Also can be used of other groups like animals, angels or stars.

^XXXIII“great” = rab. From rabab (increasing in any aspect whether quantity, authority, size, quality, greatness, etc.). This is abundance, many, elder, exceedingly, great. It refers to abundance of amount, rank, or status.
^XXXIV “army” = am. From amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together). This is people or nation. It can be used specifically for a tribe, collectively of troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals.
^XXXV “sand” = chol. From chul (whirling around so dancing as in a circle or writhing in pain; used particularly for the pain of childbirth or from writhing due to fear; can also be falling in pain or waiting). This is sand, perhaps because of its roundness or the way that the grains can whirl.
^XXXVI “seashore” = saphah + yam. Saphah is lip, edge, border, bank – used for a boundary. It can also be speech or language. Yam is the same as “west” in v2. See note XVIII above.

^XXXVII “very” = meod. Perhaps from the same as uwd (firebrand, a poker). This is very, greatly, exceedingly. It can also mean vehemence, force, abundance.
^XXXVIII “many” = rob…rab. Rob is related to “great” in v4. From rabab (see note XXXIII above). This is any kind of abundance. Rab is the same as “great” in v4. See note XXXIII above.
^XXXIX “horses” = sus. Root may mean to skip as in jump for joy. This is a crane or a swift bird. It is also a horse as leaping.
^XL “chariots” = rekeb. From rakab (to ride an animal or in some vehicle; also, bringing on a horse). This is a vehicle, wagon, or chariot. It can be cavalry or an individual rider.

^XLI “joined” = yaad. This is to appoint, assemble or gather selves, agree. Here, it is to meet at a prearranged place/time or to gather as to go to war.
^XLII “came” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^XLIII “camped” = chanah. Related to “troops” in v4. See note XXXII above.
^XLIV “together” = yachad. From yachad (to join, be united). This is a unit, both, altogether, unitedness, alike.

^XLV “waters” = mayim. This is water, waters, or waterway in a general sense. Figuratively, it can also mean juice, urine, or semen.
^XLVI “Merom” = Merom. 2x in OT – both in this passage. Perhaps from marom (height, high place, lofty; exalted or haughty/proud; dignity, heaven); from rum (to be high, rise, exalted, become proud, display, offer, present, set apart, extol; to rise in a literal or figurative sense). This is Merom, a lake whose name means “height.”
^XLVII “fight” = lacham. This is to eat or feed on. Figuratively, it is to battle as a kind of consumption/destruction.
^XLVIII “Israel” = Yisrael. From sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (God or god). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.

^XLIX “Lord” = YHVH. Related to {untranslated} in v1. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (see note I above). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.
^L “said” = amar. Related to “Amorites” in v3. See note XXI above.
^LI “Joshua” = Yehoshua. Related to {untranslated} in v1 & “Lord” in v6. From YHVH (see note XLIX above) + yasha (to deliver, defend, help, preserve, rescue; properly, to be open, wide or free, which implies being safe. So, in a causative sense, this is to free someone). This is Joshua, Jeshua, or Yehoshua, which means “the Lord is salvation.”

^LII “be afraid” = yare. This is to fear, be afraid, dreadful. It can also refer to fearful reverence – to fear in a moral sense is to say to revere, respect.
^LIII “of” = paneh. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.
^LIV “tomorrow” = machar. Perhaps from achar (to be behind, delay, be late, procrastinate, continue). This is tomorrow or later. It is some kind of deferred time, so it could also mean indefinitely or refer to the time to come.
^LV “time” = eth. Probably from anah (to answer, sing, announce); from ad (forever, all, old); from adah (to pass on, advance, decorate oneself). This is a period or season. It can also mean whenever or continually.

^LVI “hand over” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.
^LVII “slain” = chalal. This is to pierce, which implies to wound. It is used figuratively for making someone or something profane or breaking your word. It can also mean to begin as though one opened a wedge. Also, to eat something as a common thing.
^LVIII “to” = paneh. Same as “of” in v6. See note LIII above.

^LIX “hamstring” = aqar. 7x in OT. From eqer (stock, member, offshoot; figuratively, could be a descendant or someone who is transplanted like an immigrant who takes up permanent residence). This is to dig down, pull up – particularly by root. It can also mean to hamstring (oxen or horses) or figuratively to exterminate.
^LX “burn” = saraph. This is to burn or kindle. This is the root that “seraphim” comes from.
^LXI “chariots” = merkabah. Related to “chariots” in v4. From merkab (chariot, saddle, covering; any seat in a vehicle); from rakab (to ride an animal or in some vehicle; also, bringing on a horse). This is a chariot.
^LXII “fire” = esh. This is fire, burning, flaming, hot. It is fire in a literal or figurative sense.

^LXIII “came” = bo. Same as “came” in v5. See note XLII above.
^LXIV “suddenly” = pithom. From the same as petha (instantly, suddenly; the wink of an eye – an instant). This is suddenly or immediately.
^LXV “fighting” = milchamah. Related to “fight” in v5. From lacham (see note XLVII above). This is battle, war, fighting, or one who fights (i.e. a warrior).
^LXVI “force” = am. Same as “army” in v4. See note XXXIV above.
^LXVII “fell upon” = naphal. This is to fall, whether by accident, to fall prostrate, or to fall in violent death. Figuratively, it can refer to personal ruin or calamity, a city falling, an attack or a falling away. It can also be a deep sleep or wasting away.

^LXVIII “handed…over” = natan…yad. Literally, “delivered…into the hand.” Natan is the same as “hand over” in v6. See note LVI above. Yad is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.
^LXIX “attacked” = nakah. This is to hit whether lightly or severely. It can be used in a literal or figurative sense. So, this could be beat, punish, give wounds, kill, or slaughter.
^LXX “chased” = radaph. This is to chase after, pursue, hunt, or persecute. It is running after someone or something, generally with hostile motives.
^LXXI “Sidon” = Tsidon. From Phoenician tsydon (Sidon; probably meaning fishery or fishing town). This is Sidon – a city in Phoenicia. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sidon & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidon

^LXXII “Misrephoth-maim” = Misrephoth Mayim. Related to “burn” in v6 & to “waters” in v5. 2x in OT. From misraphah (burning, combustion, cremation, calcination); {from saraph (see note LX above)} + mayim (see note XLV above). This is Misrephoth-maim, a place that means “burning of water.”
^LXXIII “eastward” = mizrach. Same as “east” in v3. See note XX above.
^LXXIV “valley” = biqah. From baqa (to divide, split open, tear, breach, break open, dash to pieces). This is a valley or plain. Properly, it refers to a place where the mountains have split – a wide, flat valley between them.
^LXXV “Mizpeh” = Mitspeh. Related to “Mizpah” in v3. 10x in OT. From mitspeh (watchtower – particularly one for military use); from tsaphah (see note XXIX above). This is Mizpah or Mizpeh, a place meaning “watchtower.”

^LXXVI “struck…down” = nakah. Same as “attacked” in v8. See note LXIX above.
^LXXVII “left” = shaar. Properly, this is swelling up i.e. being left over, a remnant, remaining, being redundant.
^LXXVIII “no one” = bilti. From balah (to grow old, wear out, consume, waste, enjoy, fail, decay). This is nothing, not, lest, or except. From its root, it means “a failure of” – used for negative particles.
^LXXIX “remaining” = sarid. From sarad (to escape or remain; properly, this refers to a puncture, so figuratively it is remaining or escaping by slipping out). This is survivor, remnant, or alive.

^LXXX “did” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.
^LXXXI “commanded” = amar. Same as “said” in v6. See note L above.
^LXXXII “chariots” = merkabah. Same as “chariots” in v6. See note LXI above.
^LXXXIII “turned back” = shub. To turn back, return, turn away – literally or figuratively. Doesn’t necessarily imply going back to where you started from. This is also the root verb for the Hebrew word for repentance “teshubah.”
^LXXXIV “took” = lakad. This is to capture, seize, or imprison. It is to catch something in a snare or net or trap. It can also mean to occupy of select something by casting lots.

^LXXXV “sword” = chereb. From charab (to attack, slay). This is any sharp instrument like a sword, dagger, axe, or mattock.
^LXXXVI “before” = paneh. Same as “of” in v6. See note LIII above.
^LXXXVII “head” = rosh. This may come a word that means to shake. It is the head, captain, or chief. It can also be excellent or the forefront. It can be first in position or in statue or in time (i.e. the beginning).
^LXXXVIII “kingdoms” = mamlakah. Related to “King” in v1. From the same as melek (see note II above). This is kingdom, dominion, sovereignty, rule. It can also refer to the realm.

^LXXXIX “put” = nakah. Same as “attacked” in v8. See note LXIX above.
^XC {untranslated} = peh. This is mouth in a literal or figurative sense. So, more literally, it can be beak or jaws. More figuratively, it refers to speech, commands, or promises.
^XCI {untranslated} = nephesh. Related to naphash (to refresh or be refreshed). This is soul, self, person, emotion. It is a breathing creature. Can also refer to appetites and desires.
^XCII “utterly destroying” = charam. Related to “Hermon” in v3. See note XXVII above.

^XCIII “was…left” = yathar. This is to jut over, remain behind, preserve, to excel. It can be to leave or to be in abundance.
^XCIV {untranslated} = kol. Same as “all” in v4. See note XXXI above.
^XCV “breathed” = neshamah. From nasham (to blow away, pant, gasp). This is a breath or blast – a puff like of wind. It is also a spirit or soul or divine inspiration or intellect. It could also be an animal. This is the word used for the breath of life when humanity was created in Genesis 2:7.
^XCVI “towns” = iyr. From uwr (to awaken or wake oneself up). This can mean excitement in the sense of wakefulness or city. Properly, this is a place that is guarded. Guards kept schedules according to watches. This sense of the word would include cities as well as encampments or posts that were guarded.
^XCVII “struck” = nakah. Same as “attacked” in v8. See note LXIX above.
^XCVIII “edge” = peh. Same as {untranslated} in v11. See note XC above.

^XCIX “Moses” = Mosheh. From mashah (to pull out in a literal or figurative sense, to draw out) OR from Egyptian mes or mesu (child, son i.e. child of…). This is Moses – the one drawn out from the water, which is to say, rescued. If derived from the Egyptian, his name would share a root with Rameses and Thutmose.
^C “servant” = ebed. From abad (to work, serve, compel; any kind of work; used causatively, can mean to enslave or keep in bondage). This is a servant, slave, or bondservant.
^CI “commanded” = tsavah. This is to charge, command, order, appoint, or enjoin. This is the root that the Hebrew word for “commandment” comes from (mitsvah).

^CII “but” = raq. From the same as raq (thin, surely, only); perhaps from raqaq (to spit). This is but, except, at least. In the sense of being thin, it figuratively refers to some kind of limit.
^CIII {untranslated} = kol. Same as “all” in v4. See note XXXI above.
^CIV “stood” = amad. This is to stand up in a literal or figurative sense. So it can be establish, continue, endure, take a stand, act, be a servant, stand still, remain, stand against an enemy.
^CV “mounds” = tel. 5x in OT– 1x in Deuteronomy, 2x in Joshua, & 2x in Jeremiah. Perhaps from talal (to mock, deceive, cheat, pile up, elevate). This is a mound or heap. It is used to refer to ruins. It can also mean strength.

^CVI “except” = zulah. 16x in OT. Perhaps from zul (to shake out, lavish, despise). This is removal, except, besides.
^CVII {untranslated} = bad. From badad (to divide or be separated; alone, solitary, lonely, isolated, straggler). This is apart, alone, separation, body part, tree branch, except. It can also be a city’s chief.
^CVIII “spoil” = shalal. From shalal (to plunder, loot, capture). This is spoil, prey, or plunder.
^CIX “livestock” = behemah. This is animal or cattle. It is often used of large quadrupeds.

^CX “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Literally, “children of Israel.” Ben is from banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense. Yisrael is the same as “Israel” in v5. See note XLVIII above.
^CXI “plundered” = bazaz. This is to spoil, loot, pillage.
^CXII “people” = adam. Perhaps from adam (to be red, make ruddy); related to adamah (ground, dirt, earth). This is man, humankind, also Adam’s name. It refers to a human individual or humanity.
^CXIII “destroyed” = shamad. This is to demolish, destroy, perish, overthrow, pluck down.
^CXIV “leave” = shaar. Same as “left” in v8. See note LXXVII above.
^CXV “any” = kol. Same as “all” in v4. See note XXXI above.
^CXVI “breathed” = naphash. Related to {untranslated} in v11. 4x in OT. See note XCI above.

^CXVII “commanded” = tsavah. Same as “commanded” in v12. See note CI above.
^CXVIII “so” = ken. Perhaps from kun (properly, in a perpendicular position; literally, to establish, fix, fasten, prepare; figuratively, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous). This is to set upright. Generally used figuratively to mean thus, so, afterwards, rightly so.
^CXIX “commanded” = tsavah. Same as “commanded” in v12. See note CI above.
^CXX “nothing” = lo…dabar. Dabar is from dabar (to speak, declare, discuss). This is speech, a word, a matter, an affair, charge, command, message, promise, purpose, report, request. It is a word, which implies things that are spoken of in a wide sense.
^CXXI “left…undone” = sur. This is to turn aside in a literal or figurative sense – to depart, decline, rebel, remove, or withdraw.
^CXXII “commanded” = tsavah. Same as “commanded” in v12. See note CI above.

^CXXIII “took” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^CXXIV “Negeb” = Negeb. Same as “south” in v2. See note XIV above.
^CXXV “Goshen” = Goshen. 15x in OT. Similar to Arabic j-sh-m (to labor) OR may be related to Egyptian qas (“inundated land”) OR Egyptian pa-qas (“pouring forth”) OR from Gasmu (“rulers of Bedouin Qedarites who occupied the eastern Delta from the 7^th century BC”). This is Goshen. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_of_Goshen
^CXXVI “Mount” = har. Same as “hill country” in v2. See note XII above.
^CXXVII “Halak” = Chalaq. 2x in OT – in Joshua 11 + Joshua 12. From chalaq (to be smooth in a figurative sense; can refer to the stones that were part of casting lots – hence, apportion, share, distribute; figuratively, it can also mean to flatter). This is Halak, a mountain whose name means “smooth” or “bare.”

^CXXVIII “rises” = alah. This is to go up, approach, ascend, be high, be a priority; to arise in a literal or figurative sense.
^CXXIX “Seir” = Seir. From the same as sear (hair, hairy, rough); {from sa’ar (to storm, scattered by a storm, blow away, rage, storm tossed; this is to toss in a literal or figurative sense)} OR from sa’iyr (goat, shaggy, devil, satyr). This is Seir, Edomite mountain region. It is the name of the people that live there and a particular Judean mountain. It may mean “the hairy guys,” “bucks,” “horrors,” “bristly,” or “riders on the storm.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Seir.html
^CXXX “Baal-gad” = Baal Gad. 3x in OT – in Joshua 11, 12, and 13. From Baal (Baal, used for several Canaanite gods; literally, “lord”); {from the same as baal (owner, master, husband); from baal (to marry, have dominion over, to master)}} + gad (fortune, troop; Gad, the name of a god of Babylon); from gad (fortunate, a troop); from gud (to invade, overcome, attack). This is Baal-gad, which may mean “Baal of fortune” or “lord of good fortune” or “lord of the invasion.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Baal-gad.html

^CXXXI “Lebanon” = Lebanon. From laben (to be white, make white, make bricks) OR form Aramaic lebab (heart); corresponding to Hebrew lebab (heart, courage, one’s inner self, the mind, or the will). This is Lebanon. The sense of “white” comes from the snow on the top of its mountains. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon
^CXXXII “below” = tachat. Same as “under” in v3. See note XXVI above.
^CXXXIII “took” = lakad. Same as “took” in v10. See note LXXXIV above.
^CXXXIV “put…to death” = mut. This is to die in a literal or figurative sense. It can also refer to being a dead body.

^CXXXV “made” = asah. Same as “did” in v9. See note LXXX above.
^CXXXVI “war” = milchamah. Same as “fighting” in v7. See note LXV above.
^CXXXVII “long time” = yom + rab. Literally, “many days.” Yom has a root that may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time. Rab is the same as “great” in v4. See note XXXIII above.
^CXXXVIII “was” = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note I above.
^CXXXIX “made peace” = shalam. This is to be complete or sound – to have safety mentally, physically, or extending to one’s estate. So, if these things are safe and complete, the implication is that one would be friendly; and, if being friendly, one would make amends and that friendship would be reciprocated. This is the root verb that “shalom” comes from, the Hebrew word for peace.

^CXL “except” = bilti. Same as “no one” in v8. See note LXXVIII above.
^CXLI “inhabitants” = yashab. This is to sit and so to remain and so to dwell. It is sitting for any reason – as a judge, in order to ambush, or just sitting quietly. Causatively, this can mean settling or marrying. This can also mean continue, endure, or establish.
^CXLII “Gibeon” = Gibon. From the same as Geba (Geba or Gibeah; hillock); from the same as gabia (cup, bowl, flower; root might mean being convex). This is Gibeon or Gibon, meaning hilly.
^CXLIII “taken” = laqach. Same as “took” in v16. See note CXXIII above.
^CXLIV “battle” = milchamah. Same as “fighting” in v7. See note LXV above.

^CXLV “harden” = chazaq. This is to strengthen, seize, be courageous, repair, bind, heal, conquer, harden.
^CXLVI “hearts” = leb. Related to “Lebanon” in v17. See note CXXXI above.
^CXLVII “come against” = qirah. From the same as qara (to happen, meet, bring about). This is any kind of encounter, whether peaceful, hostile, or incidental. It can also mean help or seek.
^CXLVIII “receive” = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note I above.
^CXLIX “mercy” = techinnah. From chanan (beseech, show favor, be gracious; properly, to bend in kindness to someone with less status). This is grace, favor, entreaty, mercy.
^CL “be exterminated” = shamad. Same as “destroyed” in v14. See note CXIII above.
^CLI “commanded” = tsavah. Same as “commanded” in v12. See note CI above.

^CLII “time” = eth. Same as “time” in v6. See note LV above.
^CLIII “came” = bo. Same as “came” in v5. See note XLII above.
^CLIV “wiped out” = karat. This is to cut down, cut off, or make a covenant (idiom for making a covenant is “to cut a covenant”). It can also mean to destroy, fail, or consume.
^CLV “Anakim” = Anaq. 9x in OT– all in Deuteronomy & Joshua. From the same as Anaq (Anak, Anaq; a name meaning “neck”); from the same as anaq (necklace, ornament, chain); perhaps from anaq (to encircle like a necklace or function as a necklace; figuratively, to furnish with supplies). This is someone descended from Anak – an Anakite. It may mean “neck.”

^CLVI “Hebron” = Chebron. From cheber (company, society, enchantment, wide); from chabar (to unite, ally, attach, touch; to join in a literal or figurative sense; also, specially, using magic knots or spells to fascinate or connect). This is Hebron, meaning “seat of association” or “league.”
^CLVII “Debir” = Debir. Related to “nothing” in v15. 14x in OT– 11x in Joshua & 2x in Judges & 1x in 1 Chronicles. From the same as debir (maybe a place of speaking like an oracle; the inner sanctuary of Solomon’s Temple); perhaps from dabar (see note CXX above). This is Debir, a name and city that means “place of the word” or “oracle.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Debir.html
^CLVIII “Anab” = Anab. 2x in OT – in Joshua 11 & Joshua 15. From the same as enab (grape, raisin, wine; literal crop or metaphor for Israel; may come from a root related to bearing fruit). This is Anab, a place that may mean “grape” or “fruit.”
^CLIX “Judah” = Yehudah. Probably from yadah (to throw one’s hands into the air in a gesture of praise); from yad (hand). This is Judah, meaning “praised.”

^CLX “was left” = yathar. Same as “was…left” in v11. See note XCIII above.
^CLXI “remained” = shaar. Same as “left” in v8. See note LXXVII above.
^CLXII “only” = raq. Same as “but” in v13. See note CII above.
^CLXIII “Gaza” = Azzah. From az (strong or mighty; power, vehemence, greedy); from azaz (to be strong, become fixed, be bold, prevail, be impudent; it means to be stout literally or figuratively. A Late Hebrew word). This is Gaza or Azzah – a Philistine city. It means “strong.”

^CLXIV “Gath” = Gath. From the same as gath (wine press); {perhaps from nagan (to strike a stringed instrument, to pluck or play it)}. This is Gath, a Philistine city whose name means “wine press.” It shares a root with “Gethsemane.”
^CLXV “Ashdod” = Ashdod. 17x in OT. Perhaps from shadad (to ruin, assault, devastate, oppress, destroy completely; properly, it is being burly; figuratively it is something that is powerful). This is Ashdod, a city whose name may mean “ravager.”
^CLXVI “took” = laqach. Same as “took” in v16. See note CXXIII above.
^CLXVII “whole” = kol. Same as “all” in v4. See note XXXI above.
^CLXVIII “spoken” = dabar. Related to “nothing” in v15 & “Debir” in v21. See note CXX above.

^CLXIX “gave” = natan. Same as “hand over” in v6. See note LVI above.
^CLXX “inheritance” = nachalah. Related to nachal (to inherit, occupy, distribute, take as heritage). This is properly something that was inherited. It can mean occupancy generally or, more particularly, an heirloom or an estate. This can be an inheritance, gift, possession, or portion.
^CLXXI “tribal” = shebet. This is a rod, staff, club, scepter, dart, or tribe. Literally a stick that can be used for punishing, writing, fighting, walking, ruling; thus, used figuratively for a clan.
^CLXXII “allotments” = machaloqeth. Related to “Halak” in v17. From chalaq (see note CXXVII above). This is a division, course, or portion.
^CLXXIII “had rest” = shaqat. This is to be quiet, rest, calm, settle, be still, peace.