Judges 7

^I “Jerubbaal” = Yerubbaal. 14x in OT. From rib (properly, to toss or grapple; figuratively, wrangling; arguments, complaints, or disputes; used in a legal setting for pleading or defending a case) + Baal (Baal, literally “lord,” a Phoenician god); {from the same as ba’al (lord, owner, ally, or archer); from ba’al (to marry, have dominion, be master)}. This is Jerubbaal, a name that means “let Baal contend” or “the Lord contends” or “Baal contends” or “he will contend with Baal” or “let Baal plead.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Jerubbaal.html
^II “Gideon” = Gidon. From gada (to cut or chop as one cuts down a tree; cutting off or destroying things). This is Gideon, a name that means “feller” or “hewer down” or “cutter” or “warrior.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Gideon.html
^III “all” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.
^IV “troops” = am. From amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together). This is people or nation. It can be used specifically for a tribe, collectively of troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals.

^V “rose early” = shakam. This is leaning one’s shoulder into a burden or load, whether a person or an animal. Thus, it meant starting or rising early.
^VI “encamped” = chanah. This is decline, bending down, or living in tents. It can be camping to create a home or camping as a part of battle.
^VII “spring of Harod” = en Charod. 1x in OT. From ayin (Ain; a place whose name means “spring” or “fountain”); {from the same as ayin (eye, appearance; eye in a literal or figurative sense; a fountain)} + Charod (a spring); from charad {to tremble, be terrified, hurry because of anxiety}. This is En-Harod or spring of Harod.
^VIII “camp” = machaneh. Related to “encamped” in v1. From chanah (see note VI above). This is an encampment, whether of people traveling together or soldiers. So, it can be a camp band, or company as well as an army of soldiers. Also can be used of other groups like animals, angels or stars.
^IX “Midian” = Midyan. From the same as madon (strife, contention, brawling); from din (to judge, defend, dispute, govern, strive). This is Midian or a Midianite. It means strife or place of judgment.

^X “was” = hayah. This is to be or become, to happen.
^XI “north” = tsaphon. From tsaphan (to hide, hoard, reserve; to cover over or figuratively to deny; also to lurk). This is properly hidden, dark, or gloomy. It can also be used to refer to the north.
^XII “hill” = gibah. From the same as Geba (Geba or Gibeah; hillock); from the same as gabia (cup, bowl, flower; root might mean being convex). This is hill or little hill.
^XIII “Moreh” = Moreh. 3x in OT. From the same as moreh (early rain, teacher, what is taught, archer); from yarah (to throw, shoot, be stunned; to flow as water so figuratively to instruct or teach). This is Moreh, a hill in Canaan, perhaps named for a Canaanite. It means “early rain” or “teacher.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Moreh.html
^XIV “valley” = emeq. From amoq (to be deep in a literal or figurative sense; profound). This is Vale or valley – frequently part of place names.

^XV “Lord” = YHVH. Related to “was” in v1. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (see note X above). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.
^XVI “said” = amar. This is to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report.
^XVII “too many” = rab. From rabab (increasing in any aspect whether quantity, authority, size, quality, greatness, etc.). This is abundance, many, elder, exceedingly, great. It refers to abundance of amount, rank, or status.
^XVIII “give” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.

^XIX “Midianites” = Midyan. Same as “Midian” in v1. See note IX above.
^XX “hand” = yad. This is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.
^XXI “Israel” = Yisrael. From sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (God or god). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.

^XXII “only” = pen. Perhaps from panah (to turn, face, appear). This is lest, if, or.
^XXIII “take the credit away” = paar. 14x in OT. This is to beautify or adorn, to gleam. Thus, it can refer to showing honor or glorifying someone. It can also mean to boast or to shake a tree for harvest.
^XXIV “delivered” = yasha. To deliver, defend, help, preserve, rescue, be safe. Properly, to be open, wide or free, which implies being safe. Used causatively, it means to free.

^XXV “now” = na. This particle is used for requests or for urging. It can be we pray, now, I ask you, oh. This is the same “na” in “hosanna.”
^XXVI “proclaim” = qara. This is to call or call out – to call someone by name. Also used more broadly for calling forth.
^XXVII “hearing” = ozen. This is ear, hearing, audience, show. Properly, it is broadness – applied to its ear in reference to its shape.
^XXVIII {untranslated} – amar. Same as “said” in v2. See note XVI above.
^XXIX “fearful” = yare. From the same as yare (to fear, be afraid, dreadful; also fearful reverence – to fear in a moral sense is to say to revere, respect). This is afraid, fearful, or reverent.
^XXX “trembling” = chared. Related to “spring of “Harod” in v1. 6x in OT. From charad (see note VII above). This is afraid, trembling, or reverential.

^XXXI “return home” = shub. To turn back, return, turn away – literally or figuratively. Doesn’t necessarily imply going back to where you started from. This is also the root verb for the Hebrew word for repentance “teshubah.”
^XXXII Some manuscripts add “departed at once from Mount Gilead” = tsaphar + har + Gilad. Tsaphar is 1x in OT. It may mean to skip around, depart, or come back. Har is from harar (hill or mountain). This is mountain, hill, hilly region. Gilad is from gala (to lay bare, quarrel, expose) OR from gal’ed (heap of testimony); {from gal (wave, billow, rock pile; something rolled; a spring of water); {from galal (to roll, roll away, wallow, commit, remove; rolling in a literal or figurative sense)} + ed (witness, testimony, recorder); from ud (to admonish, repeat, duplicate, testify, restore, record, relieve)}}. This is Gilead, meaning “perpetual fountain” or “heap of testimony.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Gilead.html#.Xw_EFShKhPY.
^XXXIII “twenty” = esrim. From the same as eser (ten, tenth). This is twenty or twentieth.
^XXXIV “two” = shenayim. From sheni (double, again, another, second); from shanah (to fold, repeat, double, alter, or disguise). This is two, both, second, couple.

^XXXV “thousand” = eleph. Perhaps from the same as eleph (herd, cattle); from alaph (to learn, speak, associate with). This is thousand.
^XXXVI {untranslated} = am. Same as “troops” in v1. See note IV above.
^XXXVII “ten” = eser. Related to “twenty” in v3. See note XXXIII above.
^XXXVIII “remained” = shaar. Properly, this is swelling up i.e. being left over, a remnant, remaining, being redundant.

^XXXIX “still” = od. Related to {untranslated} in v3. From ud (see note XXXII above). This is still, yet, again, more.
^XL “take…down” = yarad. This is to go down, descend; going down in a literal or figurative sense. It can be going to the shore or a boundary, bringing down an enemy.
^XLI “water” = mayim. This is water, waters, or waterway in a general sense. Figuratively, it can also mean juice, urine, or semen.
^XLII {untranslated} = hayah. Same as “was” in v1. See note X above.
^XLIII “sift…out” = tsaraph. This is to refine, smalt, or fuse metal. It can also refer to the smelter (goldsmith or silversmith). Figuratively, this is refine in a literal or figurative sense – to test or try, make pure.

^XLIV “go” = halak. This is go, come, walk. It is walk literally and figuratively and includes people and animals. It can be used figuratively for one’s moral life – how we walk according to God’s way or against it. It can also refer to the walk of life as in the course one’s life takes, the choices we make, etc.
^XLV {untranslated} = kol. Same as “all “in v1. See note III above.
^XLVI “brought…down” = yarad. Same as “take…down” in v4. See note XL above.
^XLVII “lap” = laqaq. 7x in OT. This is to lap or to lick.
^XLVIII “tongues” = lashon. This is tongue, talker, language, or wedge. It can also be a tongue of flame or a water cove.

^XLIX “dog” = keleb. This is yelping or attacking. It can also refer to a dog or it can be a term used for a male prostitute.
^L “put to one side” = yatsag…bad. Yatsag is 16x in OT. This is to set, establish, present, stay. It can imply putting something somewhere permanently. Bad is from badad (to divide or be separated; alone, solitary, lonely, isolated, straggler). This is apart, alone, separation, body part, tree branch, except. It can also be a city’s chief.
^LI “kneel down” = kara + al + berek. Kara is to bow, crouch, kneel down, subdue. It is to bend the knee in many senses. It can also mean to smite, a woman crouching in childbirth, or bowing to worship God. Berek is from barak (to kneel, bless; blessing God as part of worship and adoration; blessing humans to help them; can be used as a euphemism to say curse God). This is the knee.
^LII “drink” = shathah. This is to drink literally or figuratively. It could also be a drinker.
^LIII “mouths” = yad. Same as “hand” in v2. See note XX above.

^LIV “number” = mispar. From the same as sepher (writing itself or something that is written like a document, book, letter, evidence, bill, scroll, or register); from saphar (to tally or record something; to enumerate, recount, number, celebrate, or declare). This is a number, whether definite or symbolic – could be innumerable, few, abundance. It can also be a tally or account – or a narration.
^LV “three” = shalosh. This is three, fork, three times.
^LVI “hundred” = meah. This is hundred or some number times one hundred (i.e. hundredfold or the base of two hundred, three hundred, etc.).
^LVII {untranslated} = ish. Perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is man, husband, another, or humankind.
^LVIII “rest” = yether. From yathar (to jut over, remain behind, preserve, to excel). This is a remainder or excess. It can imply abundant or superiority. Additionally, it can be cord a free-hanging rope.

^LIX {untranslated} = ish. Same as {untranslated} in v6. See note LVII above.
^LX “others” = am. Same as “troops” in v1. See note IV above.
^LXI {untranslated} = ish. Same as {untranslated} in v6. See note LVII above.
^LXII “homes” = maqom. From qum(to arise, stand, accomplish, establish, abide; rising against, getting up after being sick or asleep, arising from one state to another, becoming powerful, or rising for action; standing in a figurative sense). This is a standing, which is to say a spot or space a place. It can also refer to a locality or a physical/mental condition. HaMaqom is also a Jewish name for God – the place, i.e. the Omnipresent One.

^LXIII “people” = am. Same as “troops” in v1. See note IV above.
^LXIV “took” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^LXV “provisions” = tsedah. 11x in OT. From the same as tsayid (food or provision). This is food, meat, or other provisions.
^LXVI “trumpets” = shophar. From shaphar (being beautiful or lovely). This is a ram’s horn, trumpet, or cornet. A shofar is still blown at Jewish festivals such as Rosh Hashanah (the Jewish new year celebration).
^LXVII “rest” = ish. Same as {untranslated} in v6. See note LVII above.

^LXVIII “sent…back” = shalach. This is to send out, away, send for, forsake. It can also mean to divorce or set a slave free.
^LXIX {untranslated} = ish. Same as {untranslated} in v6. See note LVII above.
^LXX “tents” = ohel. Perhaps from ahal (to shine, be clear). This is a tent, covering, home, or side pillar.
^LXXI “retained” = chazaq. This is to strengthen, seize, be courageous, repair, bind, heal, conquer, harden.
^LXXII {untranslated} = ish. Same as {untranslated} in v6. See note LVII above.
^LXXIII “below” = tachat. This is underneath, below, the bottom, instead of.

^LXXIV {untranslated} = hayah. Same as “was” in v1. See note X above.
^LXXV “night” = layil. Properly, this refers to light twisting away. It is used for night or midnight. Figuratively, this can mean adversity.
^LXXVI “get up” = qum. Related to “homes” in v7. See note LXII above.
^LXXVII “attack” = yarad. Same as “take…down” in v4. See note XL above.

^LXXVIII “fear” = yare. Same as “fearful” in v3. See note XXIX above.
^LXXIX “go down” = yarad. Same as “take…down” in v4. See note XL above.
^LXXX “servant” = naar. May be from na’ar (to shake, toss up and down, tumble around). This is a child or a servant. It is a child in their active years so they could be aged anywhere from infancy to adolescence.
^LXXXI “Purah” = Purah. Related to “take the credit away” in v2. 2x in OT – both in this passage. From parah (to bear fruit, grow, be fruitful, increase; bearing fruit in a literal or figurative sense) OR from porah (a branch or spring; properly, ornamentation); {perhaps from paar (see note XXIII above)}. This is Purah, a name that means “foliage” or “fruitful” or “branch.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Purah.html

^LXXXII “hear” = shama. This is to hear, call, consent, or consider. It implies listening intelligently, giving attention, and, because of these two factors, obedience and action are often implied.
^LXXXIII “say” = dabar. This is generally to speak, answer, declare, or command. It might mean to arrange and so to speak in a figurative sense as arranging words.
^LXXXIV “afterward” = achar. From achar (to remain behind, linger, continue, be behind, or delay; can also imply procrastination). This is after or the last part, following.
^LXXXV “strengthened” = chazaq. Same as “retained” in v8. See note LXXI above.

^LXXXVI “outposts” = qatseh. From qatsah (to cut off, cut short; figuratively, to destroy). This is end, brink, border, edge, frontier. It can refer to that which is within set boundaries.
^LXXXVII “armed men” = chamushim. 4x in OT. Perhaps from the same as chomesh (root may mean being stout; belly). This is able-bodied, which refers to soldiers armed and read for battle.
^LXXXVIII “Amalekites” = Amaleq. Perhaps from amal (to work – hard labor) OR from am (people or nation; a tribe, troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals); {from amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together)} + laqaq (to lap, lick) OR from am (see above) + malaq (to wring, nip; to remove a bird’s head). This is Amalek or Amalekite. It may mean “people that wring,” “people that lap,” “nippers,” or “lickers.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Amalekite.html & https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Amalek.html
^LXXXIX “people” = ben. From banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense.

^XC “east” = qedem. Perhaps from qadam (to come in front or be in front; to meet, anticipate, confront, receive, or rise; sometimes to meet for help). This is front, formerly, before, east, eternal, everlasting, antiquity.
^XCI “lay” = naphal. This is to fall, whether by accident, to fall prostrate, or to fall in violent death. Figuratively, it can refer to personal ruin or calamity, a city falling, an attack or a falling away. It can also be a deep sleep or wasting away.
^XCII “thick” = rob. Related to “too many” in v2. From rabab (see note XVII above). This is any kind of abundance.
^XCIII “locusts” = arbeh. From rabah (increasing in any aspect whether quantity, authority, size, quality, greatness, etc.). This is a locust from its abundance – a swarming locust or grasshopper.

^XCIV “camels” = gamal. From gamal (how one deals with someone whether positively or negatively – so to reward, requite; to wean or the work that goes into something ripening). This is a camel as an animal of labor or one that bears burdens. The English word “camel” is from a Semitic source, perhaps Hebrew or others.
^XCV “without” = ayin. Perhaps from a word that means to be nothing. This means nothing, none, non-existent. It can also simply mean not or are not.
^XCVI “countless” = rob. Same as “thick” in v12. See note XCII above.
^XCVII “sand” = chol. From chul (whirling around so dancing as in a circle or writhing in pain; used particularly for the pain of childbirth or from writhing due to fear; can also be falling in pain or waiting). This is sand, perhaps because of its roundness or the way that the grains can whirl.
^XCVIII “seashore” = saphah + yam. Saphah is lip, edge, border, bank – used for a boundary. It can also be speech or language. Yam has a root that may mean to roar. This is the sea, often referring to the Mediterranean. It comes from the root in the sense of the roar of crashing surf. This word is sometimes used for rivers or other sources of water. It can mean to the west or to the south.

^XCIX “arrived” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^C “there = hinneh. From hen (lo! Behold! If, though; an expression of surprise). This is to draw attention, show suddenness or surprise, or to emphasize the importance of the coming statement. See! Lo! Behold!
^CI “man” = ish. Same as {untranslated} in v6. See note LVII above.
^CII “telling” = saphar. Related to “number” in v6. See note LIV above.
^CIII “dream” = chalom. From chalam (properly, to bind solidly and so to be plump; to be healthy or strong, to recover; figuratively, to dream). This is a dream or dreamer.
^CIV “comrade” = rea. From raah (to associate with). This is the same as neighbor in Leviticus 19:18 “love your neighbor as yourself.” This is friend, companion, fellow, neighbor. It is someone with whom you associate, whether more or less close.

^CV “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v2. See note XVI above.
^CVI {untranslated} = hinneh. Same as “there” in v13. See note C above.
^CVII “had” = chalam. Related to “dream” in v13. See note CIII above.
^CVIII {untranslated} = hinneh. Same as “there” in v13. See note C above.
^CIX “cake” = tselul. 1x in OT. Perhaps from tsalal (to sink, tumble, settle). This is a rolled cake – so, one that is round. It could also be a loaf.

^CX “barley” = seorah. From the same as sear (hair, hairy, rough); perhaps from sa’ar (to storm, scattered by a storm, blow away, rage, storm tossed; this is to toss in a literal or figurative sense). This is barley, perhaps as hairy.
^CXI “bread” = lechem. From lacham (to eat, feed on). This is bread, food, loaf. It can refer to food more generally for people or for animals.
^CXII “tumbled” = haphak. This is to turn, overturn, change, return, turn over, pervert.
^CXIII “came” = bo. Same as “arrived” in v13. See note XCIX above.

^CXIV “struck” = nakah. This is to hit whether lightly or severely. It can be used in a literal or figurative sense. So, this could be beat, punish, give wounds, kill, or slaughter.
^CXV “fell” = naphal. Same as “lay” in v12. See note XCI above.
^CXVI “turned” = haphak. Same as “tumbled” in v13. See note CXII above.
^CXVII “upside down” = maal. From alah (to go up, ascend, be high, be a priority; to arise in a literal or figurative sense). This is the upper part, forward, high above, upwards, greater, heaven, or exceedingly.
^CXVIII “collapsed” = naphal. Same as “lay” in v12. See note XCI above.

^CXIX “answered” = anah. This is answer, respond, announce, sing, shout, or testify. It means to pay attention, which implies responding and, by extension, starting to talk. Used in a specific sense for singing, shouting, testifying, etc.
^CXX {untranslated} = amar. Same as “said” in v2. See note XVI above.
^CXXI “no” = ayin. Same as “without” in v12. See note XCV above.
^CXXII “other’ = bilti. From balah (to grow old, wear out, consume, waste, enjoy, fail, decay). This is nothing, not, lest, or except. From its root, it means “a failure of” – used for negative particles.
^CXXIII “sword” = chereb. From charab (to attack, slay). This is any sharp instrument like a sword, dagger, axe, or mattock.

^CXXIV “son” = ben. Same as “people” in v12. See note LXXXIX above.
^CXXV “Joash” = Yoash. Related to “was” in v1 & “Lord” in v2. From the same as yehoash (Jehoash, meaning “the Lord is strong); {from YHVH (see note XV above) + perhaps esh (fire, burning, flaming, hot; fire in a literal or figurative sense)}. This is Joash, meaning “the Lord is strong.”
^CXXVI “God” = Elohim. Related to “Israel” in v2. See note XXI above.
^CXXVII “army” = machaneh. Same as “camp” in v1. See note VIII above.

^CXXVIII {untranslated} = hayah. Same as “was” in v1. See note X above.
^CXXIX “telling” = mispar. Same as “number” in v6. See note LIV above.
^CXXX “interpretation” = sheber. From shabar (break, collapse, destroy, break in pieces, tear; bursting in a literal or figurative sense). This is a fracture, breach, collapse, brokenness, ruin, affliction, bruise. It can also be an interpretation of a dream or a vexation.
^CXXXI “worshiped” = shachah. This is to bow down, make a humble entreaty, to do homage to royalty or to God.

^CXXXII “divided” = chatsah. 15x in OT. This is to halve, divide, reach, participate.
^CXXXIII “companies” = rosh. This may come a word that means to shake. It is the head, captain, or chief. It can also be excellent or the forefront. It can be first in position or in statue or in time (i.e. the beginning).
^CXXXIV “put” = natan. Same as “give” in v2. See note XVIII above.

^CXXXV “empty” = req. 14x in OT. From riq (to be empty or to make empty; also vanity, emptiness, something worthless, in vain); from ruq (to pour out in a literal or figurative sense, hence, to be or make empty). This is empty, vain, or worthless.
^CXXXVI “jars” = kad. 18x in OT– 9x in Genesis 24 re: Isaac meeting Rebekah, 4x in Judges 7 of the empty jars that Gideon’s men had; 3x in 1 Kings 17 of the jar belonging to the widow of Zarephath, 1x in 1 Kings 18 of the jars filled with water as part of Elijah’s contest with the priests of Baal, and 1x in Ecclesiastes 12 regarding an extended metaphor of youth and old age – here a broken pitcher. This is a jar, pitcher, bowl, or pail. The root might mean to deepen. It is a vessel made of clay – earthenware, used domestically.
^CXXXVII “torches” = lappid. 14x in OT. Root may mean to shine. This is torch, lamp, or flash of lightning.
^CXXXVIII “inside” = tavek. This is among, middle, in the midst, the center. Perhaps, properly, to sever.

^CXXXIX “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v2. See note XVI above.
^CXL “look” = raah. This is to see in a literal or figurative sense so stare, advise, think, view.
^CXLI “do” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.
^CXLII “same” = ken. Perhaps from kun (properly, in a perpendicular position; literally, to establish, fix, fasten, prepare; figuratively, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous). This is to set upright. Generally used figuratively to mean thus, so, afterwards, rightly so.

^CXLIII {untranslated} = hinneh. Same as “there” in v13. See note C above.
^CXLIV “outskirts” = qatseh. Same as “outposts” in v11. See note LXXXVI above.
^CXLV {untranslated} = hayah. Same as “was” in v1. See note X above.
^CXLVI {untranslated} = ken. Same as “same” in v17. See note CXLII above.
^CXLVII “blow” = taqa. This is to clap, clatter, thrust, sound an instrument, hammer a nail, be a bondsman.
^CXLVIII “also” = gam. This is also, moreover, again.

^CXLIX “around” = sabib. From sabab (turning around, going around; to surround, cast, walk, fetch; to revolve or border in a literal or figurative sense). This is a circuit or a circle. It could refer to an environment, one’s neighbors, or a circular path round about.
^CL “whole” = kol. Same as “all “in v1. See note III above.
^CLI “shout” = amar. Same as “said” in v2. See note XVI above.

^CLII {untranslated} = ish. Same as {untranslated} in v6. See note LVII above.
^CLIII “beginning” = rosh. Same as “companies” in v16. See note CXXXIII above.
^CLIV “middle” = tikon. Related to “inside” in v16. 11x in OT. From the same as tavek (see note CXXXVIII above). This is middle, lowest, midst, or central.
^CLV “watch” = ashmoreth. 7x in OT. From shamar (to keep, watch, or preserve; to guard something or to protect it as a thorny hedge protects something). This is a watch.

^CLVI “when” = ak. Related to “same” in v17. Related to aken (surely, truly, nevertheless); from kun (see note CXLII above). This is a positive statement – surely, also, certainly, alone, only.
^CLVII “just set” = qum = qum. Same as “get up” in v9. See note LXXVI above. The word is repeated twice – the first time as an Infinitive Absolute. The Infinitive Absolute serves to emphasize the sentiment of the word. It is rather like Foghorn Leghorn’s speech pattern, “I said, I said.”
^CLVIII “watch” = shamar. Related to “watch” in v19. See note CLV above.
^CLIX “smashed” = naphats. This is to shatter, break, scatter, dash in pieces.

^CLX “broke” = shabar. Related to “interpretation” in v15. See note CXXX above.
^CLXI “holding” = chazaq. Same as “retained” in v8. See note LXXI above.
^CLXII “left” = semol. Perhaps from the same as simlah (mantle, clothes, wrapper); perhaps from semel (image, figure, likeness). This is left, left side, or north as the part that is dark.
^CLXIII “right” = yamin. May be from yamam (to go or choose the right, use the right hand; to be physically fit or firm). This can mean right hand, right side, or south. Since most people are right-handed, the metaphorical usage of this word presumes that the right hand is stronger and more agile. Thus, it is the instrument of power and action.
^CLXIV “cried” = qara. Same as “proclaim” in v3. See note XXVI above.

^CLXV “every man” = ish. Same as {untranslated} in v6. See note LVII above.
^CLXVI “stood” = amad. This is to stand up in a literal or figurative sense. So it can be establish, continue, endure, take a stand, act, be a servant, stand still, remain, stand against an enemy.
^CLXVII “in…place” = tachat. Same as “below” in v8. See note LXXIII above.
^CLXVIII “all around” = sabib. Same as “around” in v18. See note CXLIX above.
^CLXIX “ran” = ruts. This is to run or rush, divide quickly, bring swiftly. It can also refer to a footman or guard.
^CLXX “cried out” = rua. To break or destroy something so figuratively, an ear splitting sound such as a call of alarm or a joyful sound.
^CLXXI “fled” = nus. This is to flee, vanish away, hide, escape, be displayed.

^CLXXII “set” = sim. This is to put or place in a literal or figurative sense. It can be appoint, care, change, make, and may other things.
^CLXXIII “fellow” = rea. Same as “comrade” in v13. See note CIV above.
^CLXXIV “Beth-shittah” = Beth Hashshittah. Related to “people” in v12. 1x in OT. From bayit (house, court, family, palace, temple); {probably from banah (see note LXXXIX above)} + shittah (acacia); {from the same as shotet (whip, goad); from shot (whip – literal or figurative); from shut (to push, wander around, row, travel)}. This is Beth-shittah, which means “place of the acacia” or “house of the acacia.”
^CLXXV “Zererah” = Tsererah. 1x in OT. From the same as tsar (hard pebble, flint) OR from Tsredah (Zereda; perhaps from a word meaning to pierce) OR from tsarar (to bind, restrict, narrow, be cramped, an adversary). This is Zererah, a city whose name means “bound.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Zererah.html

^CLXXVI “border” = saphah. Same as “seashore” in v12. See note XCVIII above.
^CLXXVII “Abel-meholah” = Abel mecholah. Related to “sand” in v12. 3x in OT. From abel (meadow, plain – grassy) + mecholah (dancing, a company); {from machol (round dance); from chul (see note XCVII above)} or {from machashabah (thought, scheme, imagination, purpose, or a plan either good or evil); from chashab (literally to weave; figuratively to think or plot something malicious)}. This is Abel-meholah or Abel Mecholah, meaning “meadow of dancing.”
^CLXXVIII “Tabbath” = Tabbath. 1x in OT. Perhaps from tabab (to be perpetual, stable). This is Tabbath, a place whose name means “extension” or “renowned” or “celebrated.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Tabbath.html

^CLXXIX “called out” = tsaaq. This is to cry out or call together, to shriek. It can mean, by implication, calling for an assembly.
^CLXXX “Naphtali” = Naphtali. From pathal (to twist, twine, wrestle, struggle, behave in an unsavory way). This is Naphtali, meaning “my wrestling.” It can refer to Naphtali, his tribe, or the lands of the tribe.
^CLXXXI “Asher” = Asher. From ashar (to go straight, lead, guide; to be level and so to be right, blessed, honest, happy). This is Asher, one of Jacob’s children and his tribe. It means “happy one.”

^CLXXXII “Manasseh” = Menashsheh. From nashah (to forget, neglect, remove, deprive). This is Manasseh, literally “causing to forget.” It is Manasseh, his tribe, or the lands of the tribe.
^CLXXXIII “pursued” = radaph. This is to chase after, pursue, hunt, or persecute. It is running after someone or something, generally with hostile motives.
^CLXXXIV “after” = achar. Same as “afterward” in v11. See note LXXXIV above.
^CLXXXV “sent” = shalach. Same as “sent…back” in v8. See note LXVIII above.
^CLXXXVI “messengers” = malak. This is a messenger, an angel, or a deputy of some kind. Can be used for human messengers literally or for prophets, priests, or teachers as messengers of God. Also used for supernatural messengers i.e. angels.

^CLXXXVII “hill country” = har. Same as {untranslated} in v3. See note XXXII above.
^CLXXXVIII “Ephraim” = Ephrayim. From the same as epher (ashes or dust – properly something strewn) OR from parah (to grow, increase, be fruitful in a literal or figurative sense). This is Ephraim, one of Joseph’s sons, his descendants, and their land.
^CLXXXIX “saying” = amar. Same as “said” in v2. See note XVI above.
^CXC “come down” = yarad. Same as “take…down” in v4. See note XL above.
^CXCI “against” = qirah. From the same as qara (to happen, meet, bring about). This is any kind of encounter, whether peaceful, hostile, or incidental. It can also mean help or seek.

^CXCII “seize” = lakad. This is to capture, seize, or imprison. It is to catch something in a snare or net or trap. It can also mean to occupy of select something by casting lots.
^CXCIII “Beth-barah” = Beth Barah. Related to “people” in v12 & “Beth-shittah” in v22. 2x in OT. From bayit (see note CLXXIV above) + abarah (ford, plain, margin); {from abar (to pass over, pass through, or pass by; cross over or to alienate; used for transitions)} OR from bayit (see above) + barar (to clarify, brighten, or polish; to examine, select, choose, purge, sharpen, or purify). This is Beth-barah, a place whose name means “place of the ford” or “house of the ford” or “house of purity” or “house of food” or “house of the covenant” or “house of covenant making” or “house of cleanness. See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Beth-barah.html
^CXCIV “Jordan” = Yarden. Related to “take…down” in v4. From yarad (see note XL above). This is the Jordan River, meaning “descending.”

^CXCV “captured” = lakad. Same as “seize” in v24. See note CXCII above.
^CXCVI “captains” = sar. This is chief, leader, ruler, lord, official, governor, prince, military leader. It refers to someone at the top of a rank or class.
^CXCVII “Oreb” = Oreb. 7x in OT. From the same as ereb (evening, night, twilight); {from arab (to grow dark, become gloomy)} OR from the same as oreb (a raven); {from arab (see above)}. This is Oreb, a personal name and the name of a cliff.
^CXCVIII “Zeeb” = Zeeb. 6x in OT. From the same as zeeb (a wolf; from a word that may refer to being yellow). This is Zeeb, a personal name that means “wolf.”

^CXCIX “killed” = harag. This is to strike with deadly intent so it can be kill, destroy, murder, or put to death.
^CC “rock” = tsur. From tsur (to confine, cramp, or bind in a literal or figurative sense; to besiege, assault, or distress). This is rock, stone, cliff, boulder, rocky. It can also be a refuge, a way to refer to God.
^CCI “winepress” = yeqeb. 16x in OT. This is wine vat or wine press. Root may mean to excavate – so it would be the trough as excavated. Specifically, it could refer to a vat that collects wine or an upper vat where grapes are crushed.

^CCII “brought” = bo. Same as “arrived” in v13. See note XCIX above.
^CCIII “heads” = rosh. Same as “companies” in v16. See note CXXXIII above.
^CCIV “beyond” = eber. Related to “Beth-barah” in v24. From abar (see note CXCIII above). This is the place across or beyond, by, from, other, the opposite side, against, over. It often refers to the other side of the Jordan river or toward the east.