Judges 14

^I “Samson” = Shimshon. From the same as shemesh (sun or toward the east; root may mean being brilliant; figuratively, a ray or an arch). This is Samson, a name meaning “sunlight” or “sun-like.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Samson.html
^II “went down” = yarad. This is to go down, descend; going down in a literal or figurative sense. It can be going to the shore or a boundary, bringing down an enemy.
^III “Timnah” = Timnah. 12x in OT. From manah (to weigh out, reckon, count, number, set, tell. By implication, it is allotting or providing something officially). This is Timnah, the name of several cities, meaning “territory” or “allotted portion.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Timnah.html

^IV “saw” = raah. This is to see in a literal or figurative sense so stare, advise, think, view.
^V “Philistine” = bat + Pelishti. Literally, “daughter of the Philistines.” Bat is from ben (son literal or figurative; also, grandson, subject, nation); from banah (to build or obtain children). This is daughter in a literal or figurative sense. Pelishti is from Pelesheth (Philistia); from palash (to mourn, wallow, maybe roll in). This is Philistines. Their name may mean “griever” or “burrower” or “weakener.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Philistine.html.
^VI “woman” = ishshah. From ish (man); perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is woman, wife, or female.

^VII “came up” = alah. This is to go up, approach, ascend, be high, be a priority; to arise in a literal or figurative sense.
^VIII “told” = nagad. This is to declare, make conspicuous, stand in front, manifest, predict, explain.
^IX “father” = ab. This is father, chief, or ancestor. It is father in a literal or figurative sense.
^X “mother” = em. This is a mother as binding a family together or a breeding female animal. It could be mother in a literal or figurative sense.
^XI {untranslated} = amar. This is to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report.

^XII “woman” = bat. Same as “Philistine” in v1. See note V above.
^XIII “get” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^XIV “wife” = ishshah. Same as “woman” in v1. See note VI above.
^XV “said” = amar. Same as {untranslated} in v2. See note XI above.
^XVI “not” = ayin. Perhaps from a word that means to be nothing. This means nothing, none, non-existent. It can also simply mean not or are not.
^XVII “woman” = bat. Same as “Philistine” in v1. See note V above.

^XVIII “kin” = ach. This is brother, kindred, another, other, like. It is literally brother, but it can also be someone who is similar, resembling, or related to.
^XIX “all” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.
^XX “people” = am. From amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together). This is people or nation. It can be used specifically for a tribe, collectively of troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals.
^XXI “go” = halak. This is go, come, walk. It is walk literally and figuratively and includes people and animals. It can be used figuratively for one’s moral life – how we walk according to God’s way or against it. It can also refer to the walk of life as in the course one’s life takes, the choices we make, etc.
^XXII “take” = laqach. Same as “get” in v2. See note XIII above.
^XXIII “uncircumcised” = arel. From arel (to strip or expose, restrain; to remove in a literal or figurative sense). This is uncircumcised, unskilled, exposed, forbidden.

^XXIV “pleases” = yashar. This is to be straight, right, even, smooth, or agreeable. Figuratively, it can be to make something pleasant or prosperous.
^XXV “me” = ayin. This is eye in a literal or figurative sense so eye, appearance, favor, or a fountain (the eye of the landscape).
^XXVI “know” = yada. This is to know, acknowledge, advise, answer, be aware, be acquainted with. Properly, this is to figure something out by seeing. It includes ideas of observation, recognition, and care about something. It can be used causatively for instruction, designation, and punishment.
^XXVII “Lord” = YHVH. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (to come to pass, become, be). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.

^XXVIII “seeking” = baqash. This is to seek, ask, desire, or request. It can be any kind of searching. It can also mean to worship or pray – implies a striving for.
^XXIX “pretext to act” = ta’anah. 2x in OT. From anah (to meet, happen, approach). This is a tree, occasion, opportunity, or purpose.
^XXX “time” = et. Probably from anah (to answer, sing, announce); from ad (forever, all, old); from adah (to pass on, advance, decorate oneself). This is a period or season. It can also mean whenever or continually.
^XXXI “had dominion” = mashal. This is to rule, reign, govern, have authority, wield.
^XXXII “Israel” = Yisrael. From sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (God or god). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.

^XXXIII “came” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^XXXIV “vineyards” = kerem. This is a vineyard, garden, vines, or a vintage.
^XXXV “suddenly” = hinneh. From hen (lo! Behold! If, though; an expression of surprise). This is to draw attention, show suddenness or surprise, or to emphasize the importance of the coming statement. See! Lo! Behold!
^XXXVI “young lion” = kephir + ari. Kephir is perhaps from kaphar (to appease, cover, pacify, cancel). This is a young lion – maybe in the sense that it has a mane covering. Ari is from arah (to gather or pluck). This is a young lion.

^XXXVII “roared” = shaag. This is to roar, rumble, or moan.
^XXXVIII “at” = qirah. From the same as qara (to happen, meet, bring about). This is any kind of encounter, whether peaceful, hostile, or incidental. It can also mean help or seek.
^XXXIX “spirit” = ruach. From ruach (smell, breathe, perceive, anticipate, accept, enjoy). This is breath, wind, air, cool, spirit. This is wind, which resembles the breath and so this can be used figuratively for life itself or being frail/mortal/impermanent. It can refer to the air of the sky or the spirit.
^XL “rushed” = tsalach. This is pushing forward in a literal or figurative sense. So it could be to break out, to come mightily, to rush, to go over. Figuratively, it could mean to prosper.

^XLI “tore…apart” = shasa. 9x in OT. This is to split, tear, persuade, or upbraid.
^XLII “barehanded” = ayin + yad. Ayin is the same as “not” in v3. See note XVI above. Yad is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.
^XLIII “kid” = gedi. 16x in OT. From the same as gadah (a bank or border of a river or stream). This is a young goat.
^XLIV {untranslated} = meumah. From the same as mum (defect – an ethical one or a literal bodily one). Its root may mean to stain. This can mean a speck or fault. More broadly, it can also refer to anything or nothing.
^XLV “done” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.

^XLVI “talked” = dabar. This is generally to speak, answer, declare, or command. It might mean to arrange and so to speak in a figurative sense as arranging words.
^XLVII {untranslated} = ayin. Same as “me” in v3. See note XXV above.
^XLVIII “while” = yom. Root may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.
^XLIX “returned” = shub. To turn back, return, turn away – literally or figuratively. Doesn’t necessarily imply going back to where you started from. This is also the root verb for the Hebrew word for repentance “teshubah.”
^L “marry” = laqach. Same as “get” in v2. See note XIII above.

^LI “turned aside” = sur. This is to turn aside in a literal or figurative sense – to depart, decline, rebel, remove, or withdraw.
^LII “carcass” = mappeleth. 8x in OT. From naphal (to fall, literal or figurative; death, calamity, wasting away). This is fall, ruin, downfall, carcass.
^LIII “lion” = ari. Same as “young lion” in v5. See note XXXVI above.
^LIV “there” = hinneh. Same as “suddenly” in v5. See note XXXV above.

^LV “swarm” = edah. From yaad (to appoint, assemble or gather selves, agree) OR from ed (witness, testimony, recorder); from ud (to admonish, repeat, duplicate, testify, restore, record, relieve). This is a congregation, assembly, or company. It could be a family, crowd, or fixture.
^LVI “bees” = deborah. Related to “talked” in v7. 4x in OT. From dabar (see note XLVI above). This is a bee.
^LVII “body” = gviyah. 13x in OT. From gevah (back – the person or body); from gev (among, back, the middle, body); related to gaah (to rise up, increase, triumph; figuratively, to be majestic). This is a body, which could be alive or it could refer to a corpse. This word is also used for heavenly creatures in Ezekiel 1 and Daniel 10.
^LVIII “lion” = ari. Same as “young lion” in v5. See note XXXVI above.
^LIX “honey” = debash. Root may mean being gummy. This is honey or honeycomb because it is so sticky. It can also refer to syrup.

^LX “scraped…out” = radah. This is to step down, rule, dominate, have victory over, crumble.
^LXI “hands” = kaph. From kaphaph (to bend – from a root meaning curve or bend down). This is palm of the hand or sole of the foot, footstep, grasp. Figuratively, it can also mean power.
^LXII “went on” = halak + halak. Same as “go” in v3. See note XXI above. The word is repeated twice – the second time as an Infinitive Absolute. The Infinitive Absolute serves to emphasize the sentiment of the word. It is rather like Foghorn Leghorn’s speech pattern, “I said, I said.”
^LXIII “eating” = akal. This is to eat, devour, burn up, or otherwise consume. It can be eating in a literal or figurative sense.

^LXIV “came” = halak. Same as “go” in v3. See note XXI above.
^LXV “gave” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.
^LXVI “taken” = radah. Same as “scraped…out” in v9. See note LX above.
^LXVII “carcass” = gviyah. Same as “body” in v8. See note LVII above.
^LXVIII “lion” = ari. Same as “young lion” in v5. See note XXXVI above.

^LXIX “made” = asah. Same as “done” in v6. See note XLV above.
^LXX “feast” = mishteh. From shathah (to drink literally or figuratively; a drinker). This is drink or the act of drinking. So it is a feast or banquet, as occasions with drinking.
^LXXI “as” = ken. Perhaps from kun (properly, in a perpendicular position; literally, to establish, fix, fasten, prepare; figuratively, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous). This is to set upright. Generally used figuratively to mean thus, so, afterwards, rightly so.
^LXXII “young men” = bachur. From bachar (to choose, appoint, try, excellent). This is choice, chosen, selected. It is a youth or young man.

^LXXIII {untranslated} = hayah. Related to “Lord” in v4. See note XXVII above.
^LXXIV “brought” = laqach. Same as “get” in v2. See note XIII above.
^LXXV “thirty” = sheloshim. From the same as shalosh (three, fork, triad). This is thirty or thirtieth.
^LXXVI “companions” = merea. 7x in OT– including 3x of Samson’s companions in Judges 14 & 15. From raah (to associate with someone, cultivate). This is friend, adviser, or companion.
^LXXVII “be” = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v11. See note LXXIII above.

^LXXVIII “now” = na. This particle is used for requests or for urging. It can be we pray, now, I ask you, oh. This is the same “na” in “hosanna.”
^LXXIX “put” = chud. 4x in OT – 3x in Judges 14 & 1xin Ezekiel 17. From the same as chidah (a riddle, proverb, question, puzzle, intrigue, dark saying). This is to tie a knot. Figuratively, it can be to pose a riddle to someone.
^LXXX “riddle” = chidah. Related to “put” in v12. 17x in OT. See note LXXIX above.
^LXXXI “explain” = nagad + nagad. Same as “told” in v2. See note VIII above. The word is repeated twice – the first time as an Infinitive Absolute. The Infinitive Absolute serves to emphasize the sentiment of the word. It is rather like Foghorn Leghorn’s speech pattern, “I said, I said.”

^LXXXII “seven” = sheba. This is seven or by sevenfold. It can also be used to imply a week or an indefinite number. Symbolically, this is the number of fullness, sacredness, perfection.
^LXXXIII “days” = yom. Same as “while” in v8. See note XLVIII above.
^LXXXIV “find…out” = matsa. This is to find, catch or acquire. It can also mean to come forth or appear. Figuratively, this can mean to meet or be together with.
^LXXXV “linen garments” = sadin. 4x in OT. This is something of linen that wraps around like clothing, an undergarment, or a sheet.

^LXXXVI “festal” = chaliphah. 12x in OT. From chalaph (to slide by or rush like a flood; to pass through, change, sprout, renew, break a promise, pierce, or violate). This is a change, alternation, release, shift, change of clothing.
^LXXXVII “garments” = beged. From bagad (to cover or conceal; figuratively, to act in a covert or treacherous way, to transgress or pillage). This is clothing, garment, robe, or some other kind of clothing. Figuratively, it can be treachery or pillaging.
^LXXXVIII “cannot” = lo + yakol. Yakol is to be able, endure, overcome, prevail.
^LXXXIX “ask” = chud. Same as “put” in v12. See note LXXIX above.
^XC “hear” = shama. This is to hear, call, consent, or consider. It implies listening intelligently, giving attention, and, because of these two factors, obedience and action are often implied.

^XCI “eater” = akal. Same as “eating” in v9. See note LXIII above.
^XCII “out…came” = yatsa. This is to go or come out, bring forth, appear. It is to go out in a literal or figurative sense.
^XCIII “something to eat” = maakal. Related to “eating” in v9. From akal (see note LXIII above). This is food, something edible.
^XCIV “strong” = az. From azaz (to be strong, become fixed, be bold, prevail, be impudent; it means to be stout literally or figuratively; a Late Hebrew word). This is strong or mighty. It can also refer to power or vehemence or mean greedy.
^XCV “out…came” = yatsa. Same as “out…came” in v14. See note XCII above.
^XCVI “something sweet” = mathoq. 12x in OT. From mathoq (to be sweet, sweeten, become pleasant, cover, to suck, to relish). This is something that is sweet or pleasant.

^XCVII “three” = shalosh. Related to “thirty” in v11. See note LXXV above.
^XCVIII “could” = yakol. Same as “cannot” in v13. See note LXXXVIII above.
^XCIX {untranslated} = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v11. See note LXXIII above.
^C “fourth” = shebii. Related to “seven” in v12. From sheba (see note LXXXII above). This is seventh.
^CI “coax” = pathah. This is to be wide, open, or roomy. Figuratively, it can mean to be simple. Alternately, it can mean to delude, deceive, entice, or flatter.
^CII “husband” = ish. Related to “woman” in v1. See note VI above.

^CIII “or” = pen. Perhaps from panah (to turn, face, appear). This is lest, if, or.
^CIV “burn” = saraph. This is to burn or kindle. This is the root that “seraphim” comes from.
^CV “house” = bayit. Related to “Philistine” in v1. Probably from banah (see note V above). This is house, court, family, palace, temple.
^CVI “fire” = esh. This is fire, burning, flaming, hot. It is fire in a literal or figurative sense.
^CVII “invited” = qara. This is to call or call out – to call someone by name. Also used more broadly for calling forth.
^CVIII “impoverish” = yarash. This is inheriting or dispossessing. It refers to occupying or colonizing – taking territory by driving out the previous inhabitants and living there instead of them. By implication, it can mean to seize or rob, to expel, ruin, or impoverish.

^CIX “wept” = bakah. This is to weep, complain, or lament.
^CX “hate” = sane. This is to hate, an enemy. It is a personal hatred and not an abstract one.
^CXI “really” = raq. From the same as raq (thin, surely, only); perhaps from raqaq (to spit). This is but, except, at least. In the sense of being thin, it figuratively refers to some kind of limit.
^CXII “love” = aheb. This is to love, beloved, friend. It is to have affection for sexually or otherwise.
^CXIII {untranslated} = ben. Related to “Philistine” in v1 & “house” in v15. See note V above.
^CXIV “look” = hinneh. Same as “suddenly” in v5. See note XXXV above.

^CXV “lasted” = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v11. See note LXXIII above.
^CXVI {untranslated} = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v11. See note LXXIII above.
^CXVII “nagged” = tsuq. 11x in OT. This is to press on, compress. Figuratively, it is to oppress or bring distress, oppressor, a constrained situation.
^CXVIII “seventh” = shebii. Same as “fourth” in v15. See note C above.
^CXIX {untranslated} = ben. Same as {untranslated} in v16. See note CXIII above.

^CXX “men” = ish. Same as “husband” in v15. See note CII above.
^CXXI “town” = iyr. From uwr (to awaken or wake oneself up). This can mean excitement in the sense of wakefulness or city. Properly, this is a place that is guarded. Guards kept schedules according to watches. This sense of the word would include cities as well as encampments or posts that were guarded.
^CXXII “before” = terem. May come from a word that means to interrupt. This is not yet or before.
^CXXIII “sun” = cheres. 4x in OT. May come from a word meaning to scrape. This is an itch or the sun.
^CXXIV “went down” = bo. Same as “came” in v5. See note XXXIII above.

^CXXV “sweeter” = mathoq. Same as “something sweet” in v14. See note XCVI above.
^CXXVI “stronger” = az. Same as “strong” in v14. See note XCIV above.
^CXXVII “lion” = ari. Same as “young lion” in v5. See note XXXVI above.
^CXXVIII “plowed” = charash. This is to scratch, which implies etching or plowing. It can mean to manufacture regardless of materials used. Figuratively, it can be to devise or conceal. It can also have a sense of secrecy. Hence, being silent or left alone. It can also be speechless.
^CXXIX “heifer” = eglah. 14x in OT. From egel (male calf as one that frisks about; often one that is almost grown up); may be from the same as agol (round, circular – root meaning revolve). This is a female calf, a heifer or cow that is nearly mature.

^CXXX “went down” = yarad. Same as “went down” in v1. See note II above.
^CXXXI “Ashkelon” = Ashqelon. 12x in OT. Of foreign origin – Perhaps related to shaqal (to weigh, spend, trade). This is Ashkelon, a city whose name means “a weighing place,” “mart.” The words “scallion” and “shallot” came from the Latin version of Ashkelon (“Ascalonia”). See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashkelon
^CXXXII “killed” = nakah. This is to hit whether lightly or severely. It can be used in a literal or figurative sense. So, this could be beat, punish, give wounds, kill, or slaughter.
^CXXXIII “took” = laqach. Same as “get” in v2. See note XIII above.
^CXXXIV “spoil” = chalitsah. 2x in OT. From chalats (to withdraw, loose, strip, deliver, arm for fighting). This is something that is stripped from someone. So, it could be spoil or armor.

^CXXXV “hot” = charah. Perhaps related to charar (to be hot, burn, glow, melt, be scorched; figuratively, to incite passion, be angry). This is to be displeased, burn with anger, glow, become warn. Figuratively it is a blaze of anger, zeal, or jealousy.
^CXXXVI “anger” = aph. From anaph (to be angry; properly, breathing hard as a signifier of being enraged). This properly refers to the nose or nostril and by extension the face. It can specifically refer to anger or wrath as one breathes hard and nostrils flare in times of great anger.
^CXXXVII “went back” = alah. Same as “came up” in v2. See note VII above.
^CXXXVIII “given” = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v11. See note LXXIII above.
^CXXXIX “best man” = raah. Related to “companions” in v11. See note LXXVI above.