1 Samuel 7

^I “people” = ish. Perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is man, husband, another, or humankind.
^II “Kiriath-jearim” = Qiryath yearim. From qiryah (city, building); {from qarah (to happen, meet, bring about)} + yaar (honeycomb) OR from qiryah (see above) + yaar (honeycomb, forest, thicket) OR from qiryah (see above) + iyr (can mean excitement in the sense of wakefulness or city; properly, a place that is guarded; guards kept schedules according to watches; cities as well as encampments or posts that were guarded); {from uwr (to awaken or wake oneself up)}. This is Kiriath-jearim, a city whose name means “city of forests” or “city of towns.”
^III “came” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.

^IV “took up” = alah. This is to go up, approach, ascend, be high, be a priority; to arise in a literal or figurative sense.
^V “ark” = aron. Perhaps from arah (to gather or pluck). This is a chest, box, or coffin. It is used for the Ark of the Covenant.
^VI “Lord” = YHVH. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (to come to pass, become, be). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.
^VII “brought” = bo. Same as “came” in v1. See note III above.

^VIII “house” = bayit. Probably from banah (to build, make, set up, obtain children; to build literally or figuratively). This is house, court, family, palace, temple.
^IX “Abinadab” = Abinadab. 12x in OT. From ab (father literal or figurative) + nadab (to offer voluntarily, incite, impel; to volunteer to be a soldier or offer freely). This is Abinadab, meaning “my father is noble” or “father of generosity,” which is to say very generous.
^X “hill” = gibah. From the same as Geba (Geba or Gibeah; hillock); from the same as gabia (cup, bowl, flower; root might mean being convex). This is hill or little hill.
^XI “consecrated” = qadash. From qodesh (set apart and so sacred; God is different from us and so God is holy/set apart; things we dedicate to God’s service are set apart for God and so they, too, are holy). This is set apart, consecrated, hallowed, sanctified. This is something or someone that is set apart for a holy purpose or use – ceremonially or morally clean.

^XII “son” = ben. Related to “house” in v1. From banah (see note VIII above). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense.
^XIII “Eleazar” = Elazar. From El (God, a god) + azar (to help, protect, support, ally; properly, to surround so as to provide aid). This is Elezar or Elazar, meaning “God has helped” or “God is helper.”
^XIV “have charge of” = shamar. This is to keep, watch, or preserve. It means to guard something or to protect it as a thorny hedge protects something.
^XV {untranslated} = hayah. Related to “Lord” in v1. See note VI above.
^XVI “day” = yom. Root may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.
^XVII “lodged” = yashab. This is to sit and so to remain and so to dwell. It is sitting for any reason – as a judge, in order to ambush, or just sitting quietly. Causatively, this can mean settling or marrying. This can also mean continue, endure, or establish.

^XVIII “time” = yom. Same as “day” in v2. See note XVI above.
^XIX “long…passed” = rabah. This is increasing in any aspect whether quantity, authority, size, quality, greatness, etc.
^XX {untranslated} = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v2. See note XV above.
^XXI “twenty” = esrim. From the same as eser (ten, tenth). This is twenty or twentieth.
^XXII “years” = shanah. From shana (to change, alter). This is a year, age, old. It can also mean yearly.

^XXIII “all” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.
^XXIV “Israel” = Yisrael. Related to “Eleazar” in v1. From sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (see note XIII above). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.
^XXV “lamented” = nahah. 3x in OT. This is to wail, groan, or lament.
^XXVI “after” = achar. From achar (to remain behind, linger, continue, be behind, or delay; can also imply procrastination). This is after or the last part, following.

^XXVII “Samuel” = Shemuel. Related to “Eleazar” in v1 & “Israel” in v2. From shem (name, fame, renown; indicating something essential about a person; honor, authority, or character); {may be from sim (to put, place, set)} + El (see note XIII above) OR from shama (hear, call, consent, or consider; implies listening intelligently, giving attention; obedience and action are often implied) + El (see note XIII above).This is Samuel meaning either the “name of God” or “heard of God.”
^XXVIII “said” = amar. This is to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report.
^XXIX {untranslated} = amar. Same as “said” in v3. See note XXVIII above.

^XXX “returning” = shub. To turn back, return, turn away – literally or figuratively. Doesn’t necessarily imply going back to where you started from. This is also the root verb for the Hebrew word for repentance “teshubah.”
^XXXI “heart” = lebab. May be related to labab (to encourage; properly, to be encased as with fat; used in a good sense, this means to transport someone with love; used in a bad sense, it can mean to dull one’s senses). This is the heart, courage, one’s inner self, the mind, or the will. Heart is only used in a figurative sense in the Old and New Testaments.
^XXXII “put away” = sur. This is to turn aside in a literal or figurative sense – to depart, decline, rebel, remove, or withdraw.

^XXXIII “foreign” = nekar. From the same as neker (misfortune, disaster). This is foreign or something that is foreign i.e. strange.
^XXXIV “gods” = elohim. Related to “Eleazar” in v1 & “Israel” in v2 & “Samuel” in v3From Eloah (God, a god); from El (see note XIII above). This is most commonly used as a name for God. Technically, it’s in the plural, i.e. gods. It can also mean great, mighty, judge, or ruler.
^XXXV “Astartes” = Ashtaroth. 12x in OT. From ashtrah (young, enlarge a flock); from ashath (to think) or ashar (to gain wealth, become rich, enrich; to accumulate) OR {from ashat (form a union that is cohesive or solid) + torah (Torah, instruction, law); {from yarah (to throw, shoot, be stunned; to flow as water so figuratively to instruct or teach)}}. This is Ashtaroth, a location and the name of a Sidonian goddess, also called Astarte. It may mean “Astarte” or “unions of instructions” or “clusters of one law.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ashtaroth.html
^XXXVI “among” = tavek. This is among, middle, in the midst, the center. Perhaps, properly, to sever.

^XXXVII “direct” = kun. Properly, this means in a perpendicular position. So, it is set up in a literal sense – establish, fix, fasten, prepare. In a figurative sense, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous.
^XXXVIII “serve” = abad. This is to work, serve, or compel. It can describe any kind of work or service (including religious devotion).  Also, till or cultivate. Used causatively, it can mean to enslave or keep in bondage.
^XXXIX “only” = bad. From badad (to divide or be separated; alone, solitary, lonely, isolated, straggler). This is apart, alone, separation, body part, tree branch, except. It can also be a city’s chief.

^XL “deliver” = natsal. This is to snatch someone or something away in a good sense – as rescue, defend, or deliver – or in a bad sense – as strip or plunder.
^XLI “hand” = yad. This is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.
^XLII “Philistines” = Pelishti. From Pelesheth (Philistia); from palash (to mourn, wallow, maybe roll in). This is Philistines. Their name may mean “griever” or “burrower” or “weakener.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Philistine.html.
^XLIII {untranslated} = ben. Same as “son” in v1. See note XII above.
^XLIV “Baals” = Baal. From the same as ba’al (lord, owner, ally, or archer); from ba’al (to marry, have dominion, be master). This is Baal, literally “lord,” a Phoenician god.

^XLV “gather” = qabats. This is to collect, assemble, heap, grasp, or gather.
^XLVI “Mizpah” = Mitspah. From tsaphah (to look out, look around, spy watchman, sentinel; leaning out to look far away; to await or observe). This is Mizpah, meaning “watchtower.”
^XLVII “pray” = palal. This is to judge for oneself or in an official capacity. It can also mean to pray or make supplication, to entreat.
^XLVIII “for” = baad. Perhaps from ad (up to, while); from adah (to pass on, advance, decorate oneself). This is up to, behind, over, among.

^XLIX “drew” = shaab. 19x in OT. This is to draw water – as pulling it up from a well.
^L “water” = mayim. This is water, waters, or waterway in a general sense. Figuratively, it can also mean juice, urine, or semen.
^LI “poured…out” = shaphak. This is to pour out, gust, or slip. It can be to pour as blood, a drink offering, or molten metal. It can also mean to create a mound. Figuratively, it can refer to killing, or spending money.
^LII “before” = paneh. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.

^LIII “fasted” = tsum. Properly, this is covering one’s mouth so, by extension, abstaining from food.
^LIV “sinned” = chata. This is properly to miss, and so figuratively it is used for sinning, bearing the blame. It implies a forfeiture or loss of something.
^LV “judged” = shaphat. This is to judge, defend, pronounce judgment, condemn, or govern. It can refer to God judging or to human judges. This is pronouncing a verdict in favor or against so it implies consequences or punishment. It can also mean to litigate or govern as one with authority.
^LVI “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Literally, “children of Israel.” Ben is the same as “son” in v1. See note XII above. Yisrael is the same as “Israel” in v2. See note XXIV above.

^LVII “heard” = shama. Related to “Samuel” in v3. See note XXVII above.
^LVIII “lords” = seren. May be taken from the Philistine language. Literally, this is an axle. Figuratively, it is a lord. In some places, they are numbered as five lords – one for each of the Philistinian cities.
^LIX “went up” = alah. Same as “took” in v1. See note IV above.
^LX “were afraid” = yare. This is to fear, be afraid, dreadful. It can also refer to fearful reverence – to fear in a moral sense is to say to revere, respect.
^LXI “of” = paneh. Same as “before” in v6. See note LII above.

^LXII “cease” = charash. This is to scratch, which implies etching or plowing. It can mean to manufacture regardless of materials used. Figuratively, it can be to devise or conceal. It can also have a sense of secrecy. Hence, being silent or left alone. It can also be speechless.
^LXIII “cry out” = zaaq. This is to cry or call out. It can be a call to assemble or gather together. By analogy, this could refer to a herald who announces a public gathering. It could also be a shriek from pain or danger.
^LXIV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note VI above.
^LXV “God” = Elohim. Same as “gods” in v3. See note XXXIV above.
^LXVI “save” = yasha. To deliver, defend, help, preserve, rescue, be safe. Properly, to be open, wide or free, which implies being safe. Used causatively, it means to free.

^LXVII “took” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^LXVIII “a” = echad. Perhaps from achad (to unify, continue on a path; figuratively, to gather one’s thoughts). This is the number one, first, united. It can also be alone, altogether, a certain, a few.
^LXIX “sucking” = chalab. Perhaps from the same as cheleb (fat, finest, marrow; fat in a literal or figurative sense; the richest or best part). This is milk or cheese or suckling.
^LXX “lamb” = taleh. 2x in OT. Perhaps from tela (lamb); from tala (to patch, to cover with bits or fragments; spotted or having several different colors like a tapestry). This is a lamb.

^LXXI “offered” = alah. Same as “took” in v1. See note IV above.
^LXXII “whole” = kalil. Related to “all” in v2. 15x in OT. From kalal (see note XXIII above). This is entire, perfect, pure, or wholly. For a burnt offering, it can mean burned wholly.
^LXXIII “burnt offering” = olah. Related to “took” in v1. From alah (see note IV above). This is a step, stairs, or some kind of ascent. It is also used for whole burnt offerings, being the offering in which the whole thing is burned and rises as smoke. Burnt offerings were the least common of the offerings: most were eaten, shared with the priest and the one bringing the offering.
^LXXIV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note VI above.

^LXXV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note VI above.
^LXXVI “for” = baad. Same as “for” in v5. See note XLVIII above.
^LXXVII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note VI above.
^LXXVIII “answered” = anah. This is answer, respond, announce, sing, shout, or testify. It means to pay attention, which implies responding and, by extension, starting to talk. Used in a specific sense for singing, shouting, testifying, etc.

^LXXIX {untranslated} = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v2. See note XV above.
^LXXX “drew near” = nagash. This is to draw, bring, or come near. It is approaching for any reason – as an attack on an enemy, in order to worship, to make an argument. It can also be used as a euphemism for sex.
^LXXXI “attack” = milchamah. From lacham (to eat or feed on; figuratively, to battle as a kind of consumption/destruction). This is battle, war, fighting, or one who fights (i.e. a warrior).
^LXXXII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note VI above.
^LXXXIII “thundered” = raam. 13x in OT. From raam (thunder). This is to trouble, be agitated, irritated, angered. It is used specifically for a peal of thunder.

^LXXXIV “mighty” = gadol. From gadal (to grow up, become great, become wealthy – to advance. The root meaning may be to twist in the sense of the process of growing). This is great, high, bigger, noble, old, marvelous. It can also refer to someone who is powerful or distinguished.
^LXXXV “voice” = qol. This is a sound, used often for human voices. Also used when God speaks or angels, animals or instruments. It can be a cry or a noise, thunder or earthquakes and so on.
^LXXXVI “threw…into confusion” = hamam. 14x in OT. This is being noisy, confused, thrown into confusion, trouble, cause a commotion, disturb, rout, damage, destroy.
^LXXXVII “routed” = nagaph. This is to strike, beat, hurt, stumble, defeat, inflict disease.
^LXXXVIII “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v6. See note LII above.

^LXXXIX “men” = enosh. Related to “people” in v1. See note I above.
^XC “went out” = yatsa. This is to go or come out, bring forth, appear. It is to go out in a literal or figurative sense.
^XCI “pursued” = radaph. This is to chase after, pursue, hunt, or persecute. It is running after someone or something, generally with hostile motives.
^XCII “struck…down” = nakah. This is to hit whether lightly or severely. It can be used in a literal or figurative sense. So, this could be beat, punish, give wounds, kill, or slaughter.
^XCIII “beyond” = tachat. This is underneath, below, the bottom, instead of.
^XCIV“Beth-car” = Beth Kar. Related to “house” and “son” in v1. 1x in OT. From bayit (see note VIII above) + kar (male lamb; battering ram); {from karar (to dance, whirl)} OR bayit (see above) + kar (captain, furniture, field, adult ram, battering ram, padded saddle); {from karar (see above)}. This is Beth-car, a place whose name means “place of a lamb” or “house of a lamb” or “house of accumulation” or “house of the battering rams.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Beth-car.html

^XCV “took” = laqach. Same as “took” in v9. See note LXVII above.
^XCVI “stone” = eben. This is a stone, weight, or mason. It is part of the word “Ebenezer.”
^XCVII “set…up” = sim. Related to “Samuel” in v3. See note XXVII above.
^XCVIII “between” = bayin. From bin (to discern, consider, attend to; distinguishing things in one’s mind or, more generally, to understand). This is among, between, interval.
^XCIX {untranslated} = bayin. Same as “between” in v12. See note XCVIII above.

^C “Jeshanah” = Shen. 1x in OT. From shanan (to sharpen by breaking apart as when one sharpens a blade; to point or pierce; fig. increasing mental astuteness, teach) OR from the same as shen (a tooth, ivory, something sharp, or, figuratively, a cliff); {from shanan (see above)}. This is Shen, a place whose name means “tooth” or “crag” or “pointed rock.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Shen.html
^CI “named” = qara + et + shem. Literally, “called its name.” Qara is to call or call out – to call someone by name. Also used more broadly for calling forth. Shem is related to “Samuel” in v3 & “set…up” in v12. See note XXVII above.
^CII “Ebenezer” = Eben Haezer. Related to “house” and “son” in v1 & “Beth-car” in v11 & to “Eleazar” in v1. 3x in OT– all in 1 Samuel. From eben (stone, weight, mason); {perhaps from banah (see note VIII above)} + ezer (help, aid, helper); {from azar (see note XIII above)}. This is Ebenezer, which means “stone of the help.”

^CIII “thus” = hennah. Perhaps from hen (lo! Behold! If, though; an expression of surprise). This is here in a location or here in a time, i.e. now.
^CIV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note VI above.
^CV “helped” = azar. Related to “Eleazar” in v1 & “Ebenezer” in v12. See note XIII above.
^CVI “subdued” = kana. This is to be humble, subdue, humiliate, conquer. Properly, it means to bend the knee.
^CVII “again” = yasaph. This is to add, increase, continue, exceed.
^CVIII {untranslated} = od. From ud (to admonish, repeat, duplicate, testify, restore, record, relieve). This is still, yet, again, more.

^CIX “enter” = bo. Same as “came” in v1. See note III above.
^CX “territory” = gebul. Perhaps from gabal (to border, twist like rope). This is boundary, limit, coast, space. Properly, it is a line that is twisted, which implies a boundary and, by extension, the boundaries of a territory or other enclosed space.
^CXI “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note VI above.
^CXII “was” = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v2. See note XV above.
^CXIII “towns” = iyr. Related to “Kiriath-jearim” in v1. See note II above.
^CXIV “taken” = laqach. Same as “took” in v9. See note LXVII above.
^CXV “restored” = shub. Same as “returning” in v3. See note XXX above.

^CXVI “Ekron” = Eqron. From the same as eqer (stock, member, offshoot; figuratively, could be a descendant or someone who is transplanted like an immigrant who takes up permanent residence); from aqar (to uproot, pluck out, dig out by the roots, to hamstring; figuratively, to exterminate). This is Ekron, a city whose name may mean “extermination” or “uprooting” or “emigration.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ekron.html
^CXVII “Gath” = Gath. From the same as gath (wine press); {perhaps from nagan (to strike a stringed instrument, to pluck or play it)}. This is Gath, a Philistine city whose name means “wine press.” It shares a root with “Gethsemane.”
^CXVIII “recovered” = natsal. Same as “deliver” in v3. See note XL above.

^CXIX “peace” = shalom. From shalam (to be complete or sound; to have safety mentally, physically, or extending to one’s estate; so, if these things are safe and complete, the implication is that one would be friendly; and, if being friendly, one would make amends and that friendship would be reciprocated). This is completeness, soundness, welfare, favor, friend, good health. It is to be safe and figuratively well, happy, at peace, friendly. Abstractly, it includes the ideas of welfare and prosperity (not in excessive wealth, but in having enough).
^CXX {untranslated} = bayin. Same as “between” in v12. See note XCVIII above.
^CXXI “Amorites” = Emori. Related to “said” in v3. From amar (see note XXVIII above). This is Amorite or Emori, perhaps meaning talkers.

^CXXII “life” = chay. From chayah (to live or keep alive literally or figuratively). This is alive, living, lifetime. It can also be used to describe someone’s age. It can refer to animals, plants, water, or a company or congregation of people. It is life in a very broad sense.
^CXXIII “went” = halak. This is go, come, walk. It is walk literally and figuratively and includes people and animals. It can be used figuratively for one’s moral life – how we walk according to God’s way or against it. It can also refer to the walk of life as in the course one’s life takes, the choices we make, etc.
^CXXIV {untranslated} = day. This is enough, plenty, overflow, or ability.
^CXXV “circuit” = sabab. This is turning around, going around; to surround, cast, walk, fetch. It is to revolve or border in a literal or figurative sense.

^CXXVI “Bethel” = Bethel. Related to “house” and “son” in v1 & “Beth-car” in v11 & “Ebenezer” in v12 & to “Eleazar” in v1 & “Israel” in v2 & “Samuel” and “gods” in v3. From bayit (see note VIII above) + El (see note XIII above). This is Bethel, literally meaning “house of God.”
^CXXVII “Gilgal” = Gilgal. From galgal (wheel, wagon, whirl, whirlwind; something that rolls); from galal (to roll, roll away, wallow, commit, remove; rolling in a literal or figurative sense). This is Gilgal – perhaps circle of stones.
^CXXVIII “places” = maqom. From qum (to arise, stand, accomplish, establish, abide; rising against, getting up after being sick or asleep, arising from one state to another, becoming powerful, or rising for action; standing in a figurative sense). This is a standing, which is to say a spot or space a place. It can also refer to a locality or a physical/mental condition. HaMaqom is also a Jewish name for God – the place, i.e. the Omnipresent One.

^CXXIX “come back” = teshubah. Related to “returning” in v3. 8x in OT. From shub (see note XXX above). This is a return, answer, reply. It can also be a time or place that has returned, i.e. the springtime.
^CXXX “Ramah” = Ramah. From rum (to be high, rise, exalt self, extol, be haughty; to rise literally or figuratively) OR from ramah (properly, to loosen; figuratively, to deceive to various degrees). This is Ramah, meaning “height” or “lofty place” or “deceit” or “established” or “loose.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ramah.html
^CXXXI “home” = bayit. Same as “house” in v1. See note VIII above.
^CXXXII “administered justice” = shaphat. Same as “judged” in v6. See note LV above.
^CXXXIII “built” = banah. Related to “house” and “son” in v1 & “Beth-car” in v11 & “Ebenezer” in v12 & “Bethel” in v16. See note VIII above.
^CXXXIV “altar” = mizbeach. From zabach (to kill, slay, offer; slaughtering an animal to offer as a sacrifice). This is an altar.
^CXXXV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note VI above.