Jonah 1:1-17 & 3:1-10 & 4:1-11

^I “word” = dabar. From dabar (to speak, declare, discuss). This is speech, a word, a matter, an affair, charge, command, message, promise, purpose, report, request. It is a word, which implies things that are spoken of in a wide sense.
^II “Lord” = YHVH. Related to “came” in v1:1. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (see note III below). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.
^III “came” = hayah. This is to be or become, to happen.
^IV “Jonah” = Yonah. 19x in OT. From the same as yonah (dove or pigeon; used to refer to the exiles coming home, to describe sails of ships; also figuratively for mourning or as a description of beauty); perhaps from yayin (wine; root means to effervesce). This is Jonah, meaning dove.

^V “son” = ben. From banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense.
^VI “Amittai” = Amittay. 2x in OT. From emet (firmness or stability. Figuratively, it is faithfulness, truth, or trustworthiness); from aman (to believe, endure, fulfill, confirm, support, be faithful, put one’s trust in, be steadfast. Figuratively, this is to be firm, steadfast, or faithful, trusting, believing, being permanent, morally solid). This is Amittai, meaning true.
^VII “saying” = amar. This is to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report.

^VIII {untranslated} = qum. To arise, stand, accomplish, establish, abide. This is rising as in rising against, getting up after being sick or asleep, arising from one state to another, becoming powerful, or rising for action. It can also be standing in a figurative sense.
^IX “go” = halak. This is go, come, walk. It is walk literally and figuratively and includes people and animals. It can be used figuratively for one’s moral life – how we walk according to God’s way or against it. It can also refer to the walk of life as in the course one’s life takes, the choices we make, etc.
^X “Nineveh” = Nineveh. 17x in OT. From Akkadian Ninua or Old Babylonian Ninuwa; from nina (literally, a fish). This is Nineveh, meaning house of fish. This could be a literal reference to fish or a reference to the goddess Ishtar. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Nineveh
^XI “great” = gadol. From gadal (to grow up, become great, become wealthy – to advance. The root meaning may be to twist in the sense of the process of growing). This is great, high, bigger, noble, old, marvelous. It can also refer to someone who is powerful or distinguished.
^XII “city” = iyr. From uwr (to awaken or wake oneself up). This can mean excitement in the sense of wakefulness or city. Properly, this is a place that is guarded. Guards kept schedules according to watches. This sense of the word would include cities as well as encampments or posts that were guarded.

^XIII “cry out” = qara. This is to call or call out – to call someone by name. Also used more broadly for calling forth.
^XIV “wickedness” = ra’. From ra’a’ (to be evil, bad, afflict; properly, to spoil – to destroy by breaking into pieces; figuratively, to cause something to be worthless; this is bad in a physical, social, or moral sense; that which displeases, to do harm or mischief, to punish or vex). This is bad, disagreeable, that which causes pain, misery, something having little or no value, something that is ethically bad, wicked, injury, calamity. This refers to anything that is not what it ought to be – a natural disaster, a disfigurement, an injury, a sin.
^XV “come up” = alah. This is to go up, approach, ascend, be high, be a priority; to arise in a literal or figurative sense.
^XVI “before” = paneh. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.

^XVII “set out” = qum. Same as {untranslated} in v1:2. See note VIII above.
^XVIII “flee” = barach. This is to flee, drive away, hurry, to bolt.
^XIX “Tarshish” = Tarshish. Perhaps from the same as tarshish (a gemstone like yellow jasper, beryl, or topaz) OR from Persian Tarshata (his excellency) OR from tarsata (feared, revered) OR from rashash (to break down, shatter; perhaps subjection) OR tor (dove) + shayish (alabaster, white, crystal). This is Tarshish – a port city on the Mediterranean – exact whereabouts unknown today. See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Tarshish.html#.XoD6bKhKhPY
^XX “presence” = paneh. Same as “before” in v1:2. See note XVI above.

^XXI “went down” = yarad. This is to go down, descend; going down in a literal or figurative sense. It can be going to the shore or a boundary, bringing down an enemy.
^XXII “Joppa” = Yapho. 4x in OT. From yaphah (to be beautiful, decorate; root means being bright, which implies being beautiful). This is Joppa, beautiful.
^XXIII “found” = matsa. This is to find, catch or acquire. It can also mean to come forth or appear. Figuratively, this can mean to meet or be together with.
^XXIV “ship” = oniyyah. From the same as oni (ships, a fleet); probably from anah (to meet, happen, approach). This is ships or sailors.
^XXV “going” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.

^XXVI “paid” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.
^XXVII “fare” = sakar. From sakar (to hire, reward, earn). This is wages, payment, service, salary, worth, reward, or benefit.
^XXVIII “went” = yarad. Same as “went down” in v1:3. See note XXI above.
^XXIX “go” = bo. Same as “going” in v1:3. See note XXV above.

^XXX “hurled” = tul. 14x in OT. This is to hurl or throw, pitch or reel.
^XXXI “wind” = ruach. From ruach (smell, breathe, perceive, anticipate, accept, enjoy). This is breath, wind, air, cool, spirit. This is wind, which resembles the breath and so this can be used figuratively for life itself or being frail/mortal/impermanent. It can refer to the air of the sky or the spirit.
^XXXII “sea” = yam. Root may mean to roar. This is the sea, often referring to the Mediterranean. It comes from the root in the sense of the roar of crashing surf. This word is sometimes used for rivers or other sources of water. It can mean to the west or to the south.

^XXXIII “mighty” = gadol. Same as “great” in v1:2. See note XI above.
^XXXIV “storm” = sa’ar. From sa’ar (to storm, scattered by a storm, blow away, rage, storm tossed; this is to toss in a literal or figurative sense). This is a storm or whirlwind. It can also be stormy.
^XXXV “came” = hayah. Same as “came” in v1:1. See note III above.
^XXXVI “threatened” = chashab. This is properly to braid or interpenetrate. Literally it is to create or to wear. Figuratively, it can mean plotting – generally in a negative sense. More broadly, this can also mean think, consider, or make account of.
^XXXVII “break up” = shabar. This is break, collapse, destroy, break in pieces, tear. It is bursting in a literal or figurative sense.

^XXXVIII “sailors” = mallach. 4x in OT– 3 in Ezekiel 27, 1 in Jonah 1. From the same as melach (powder; used for salt or salt pit); from malach (properly, to pulverize, temper together, dissipate; also to season or salt). This is a mariner or sailor being someone who follows the salt.
^XXXIX “were afraid” = yare. This is to fear, be afraid, dreadful. It can also refer to fearful reverence – to fear in a moral sense is to say to revere, respect.
^XL “each” = ish. Perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is man, husband, another, or humankind.
^XLI “cried” = zaaq. This is to cry or call out. It can be a call to assemble or gather together. By analogy, this could refer to a herald who announces a public gathering. It could also be a shriek from pain or danger.
^XLII “god” = elohim. From Eloah (God, a god); from El (God, a god). This is most commonly used as a name for God. Technically, it’s in the plural, i.e. gods. It can also mean great, mighty, judge, or ruler.

^XLIII “threw” = tul. Same as “hurled” in v1:4. See note XXX above.
^XLIV “cargo” = keli. From kalah (to end, be finished, complete, prepare, consume, spent, or completely destroyed). This is something that was prepared – any implement, utensil, article, vessel, weapon, or instrument. Also includes jewels, weapons, bags, carriages, and furniture.
^XLV “lighten” = qalal. This is to be little, insignificant, swift. It can also mean to bring down in esteem, create contempt, curse.
^XLVI “hold” = yerekah. From yarek (thigh, side, body, shank; can be figurative for genitalia). This is flank, side, recesses, border, quarter, extreme parts.
^XLVII “ship” = sephinah. 1x in OT. From saphan (to hide, hoard, reserve; to cover over or figuratively to deny; also to lurk). This is a vessel or ship that has a deck.
^XLVIII “lain down” = shakab. This is to lie down, lodge. It is lying for sleep, sex, or other reasons.
^XLIX “fast asleep” = radam. 7x in OT. This is asleep or sleeper. It refers to a heavy sleep – being stupefied either of sleep or death.

^L “captain” = rab + chobel. Rab is from rabab (increasing in any aspect whether quantity, authority, size, quality, greatness, etc.). This is abundance, many, elder, exceedingly, great. It refers to abundance of amount, rank, or status. Chobel is 5x in OT. From chebel (this is a band, rope, measuring line, noose; a company; territory or country; a throe of labor; ruin); from chabal (to bind, pledge, or wind tight; figuratively, can refer to perverting or destroying something; can also be used of writhing in pain, particularly in reference to childbirth). This is sailor or shipmaster.
^LI “came” = qarab. This is to come near, offer, make ready, approach, take.
^LII “sound asleep” = radam. Same as “fast asleep” in v1:5. See note XLIX above.

^LIII “get up” = qum. Same as {untranslated} in v1:2. See note VIII above.
^LIV “call” = qara. Same as “cry out” in v1:2. See note XIII above.
^LV “spare…a thought” = ashath. 2x in OT. This is smooth, shiny, sleek, or glossy. It means to think as though one polished a thought.
^LVI “perish” = abad. To wander off, lose self. This implies to perish, destroy, die, vanish, or be broken or corrupt.

^LVII “one” = ish. Same as “each” in v1:5. See note XL above.
^LVIII “another” = rea. From raah (to associate with). This is the same as neighbor in Leviticus 19:18 “love your neighbor as yourself.” This is friend, companion, fellow, neighbor. It is someone with whom you associate, whether more or less close.
^LIX “come” = halak. Same as “go” in v1:2. See note IX above.

^LX “cast” = naphal. This is to fall, whether by accident, to fall prostrate, or to fall in violent death. Figuratively, it can refer to personal ruin or calamity, a city falling, an attack or a falling away. It can also be a deep sleep or wasting away.
^LXI “lots” = goral. Root may mean to be rough like a stone. A lot was probably a small pebble used to determine one’s portion or what one should do (the will of a god or one’s destiny).
^LXII “know” = yada. This is to know, acknowledge, advise, answer, be aware, be acquainted with. Properly, this is to figure something out by seeing. It includes ideas of observation, recognition, and care about something. It can be used causatively for instruction, designation, and punishment.
^LXIII “calamity” = ra’. Same as “wickedness” in v1:2. See note XIV above.
^LXIV “fell” = naphal. Same as “cast” in v1:7. See note LX above.

^LXV “tell” = nagad. This is to declare, make conspicuous, stand in front, manifest, predict, explain.
^LXVI {untranslated} = na. This particle is used for requests or for urging. It can be we pray, now, I ask you, oh. This is the same “na” in “hosanna.”
^LXVII “occupation” = melakah. From the same as malak (messenger, an angel, or a deputy; human messengers literally or for prophets, priests, or teachers as messengers of God; also supernatural messengers i.e. angels). Properly, this is a deputyship or some kind of work. It can also be the product that comes from labor.
^LXVIII “come” = bo. Same as “going” in v1:3. See note XXV above.
^LXIX “country” = erets. Root may mean to be firm. This is earth, ground, field land, or country.
^LXX “people” = am. From amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together). This is people or nation. It can be used specifically for a tribe, collectively of troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals.

^LXXI “Hebrew” = Ibri. From Eber (the region beyond; Eber, the name of several Israelites including a descendant of Shem); from abar (to pass over, pass through, or pass by; cross over or to alienate; used for transitions). This is Hebrew, perhaps meaning a descendant of Eber.
^LXXII “replied” = amar. Same as “saying” in v1:1. See note VII above.
^LXXIII “worship” = yare. Related to “were afraid” in v1:5. From the same as yare (see note XXXIX above). This is afraid, fearful, or reverent.

^LXXIV “God” = Elohim. Same as “god” in v1:5. See note XLII above.
^LXXV “heaven” = shamayim. Root may mean being lofty. This is sky, the air, or heaven. It is in a dual noun form so this might refer to the part of the sky where the clouds move on the one hand and the part beyond that where the sun, moon, and stars are on the other hand.
^LXXVI “made” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.
^LXXVII “dry land” = yabbashah. 14x in OT– word used for dry land in Genesis 1:9-10. From yabesh (to dry up, be withered, be dry; to be ashamed, confused, or disappointed). This is dry land or dry ground.

^LXXVIII “men” = enosh. Related to “each” in v1:5. See note XL above.
^LXXIX “more” = gadol. Same as “great” in v1:2. See note XI above.
^LXXX “afraid” = yare. Same as “worship” in v1:9. See note LXXIII above.
^LXXXI “done” = asah. Same as “made” in v1:9. See note LXXVI above.
^LXXXII “Lord” = YHVH. Related to “came” and “Lord” in v1:1. From the same as YHVH (see note II above). This is a secondary spelling of the Lord, the name of the God of Israel. It has the same meaning.

^LXXXIII “quiet down” = shathaq. 4x in OT– 3x of the sea and 1x of quarreling. This is to be quiet, subside, cease, or calm.
^LXXXIV “growing” = halak. Same as “go” in v1:2. See note IX above.
^LXXXV “tempestuous” = sa’ar. Related to “storm” in v1:4. 7x in OT. See note XXXIV above.
^LXXXVI “pick…up” = nasa. This is to lift in a broad sense, literally and figuratively. So it could be to carry, take, or arise. It could also be bring forth, advance, accept.
^LXXXVII “rowed hard” = chathar. 8x in OT. This is to dig so it can mean to rob as when one forces entry to burglarize. Figuratively speaking, it can also mean to row i.e. dig with oars.

^LXXXVIII “bring…back” = shub. To turn back, return, turn away – literally or figuratively. Doesn’t necessarily imply going back to where you started from. This is also the root verb for the Hebrew word for repentance “teshubah.”
^LXXXIX “land” = yabbashah. Same as “dry land” in v1:9. See note LXXVII above.
^XC “could” = yakol. This is to be able, endure, overcome, prevail.
^XCI “stormy” = sa’ar. Same as “tempestuous” in v1:11. See note LXXXV above.

^XCII “cried out” = qara. Same as “cry out” in v1:2. See note XIII above.
^XCIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1:1. See note II above.
^XCIV {untranslated} = amar. Same as “saying” in v1:1. See note VII above.
^XCV “please” = na. Same as {untranslated} in v1:8. See note LXVI above.
^XCVI “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1:1. See note II above.
^XCVII “pray” = annah. Related to {untranslated} in v1:8. 13x in OT– 4x for beg, beseech, entreat; 9x for Alas, O, Ah. Perhaps from ahabah (love); {from aheb (to love, beloved, friend; to have affection for sexually or otherwise)} + na (see note LXVI above). This word is oh, I ask you, now.

^XCVIII “man’s” = ish. Same as “each” in v1:5. See note XL above.
^XCIX “life” = nephesh. Related to naphash (to refresh or be refreshed). This is soul, self, person, emotion. It is a breathing creature. Can also refer to appetites and desires.
^C “make…guilty” = natan. Same as “paid” in v1:3. See note XXVI above.
^CI “innocent” = naqiy. From naqah (to be empty, cleanse, acquit; to be clean in a literal or figurative sense). This is blameless, innocent, free from punishment, or clear.
^CII “blood” = dam. Perhaps from damam (to cease, be or become mute, silent, still, cut off, hold peace, be astonished, die). This is blood, bloodshed, bloodguilt, lifeblood, and death. It is used for people and animals. More often blood from a wound or the blood of the innocent. Used figuratively for violence or for wine. Closely tied to life and death.

^CIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1:1. See note II above.
^CIV “pleased” = chaphets. Properly, this means inclined towards or bending to. Figuratively, it means to desire, delight in, or be pleased with.
^CV “ceased” = amad. This is to stand up in a literal or figurative sense. So it can be establish, continue, endure, take a stand, act, be a servant, stand still, remain, stand against an enemy.
^CVI “raging” = zaaph. 6x in OT. From zaaph (to boil – figuratively to be enraged, sad, worried, or dejected). This is storming, raging, fierce, or anger.

^CVII “men” = ish. Same as “each” in v1:5. See note XL above.
^CVIII {untranslated} = yare. Same as “worship” in v1:9. See note LXXIII above.
^CIX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1:1. See note II above.
^CX “offered” = zabach. This is slaughtering an animal, generally for the purpose of sacrifice. It can mean kill or offer.
^CXI “sacrifice” = zebach. Related to “offered” in v1:16. From zabach (see note CX above). This is a slaughter – literally of an animal. So, it implies the act or the animals used in sacrifice. Further, it can mean offering.
^CXII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1:1. See note II above.

^CXIII “made” = nadar. This is to vow or promise.
^CXIV “vows” = neder. Related to “made” in v1:16. From nadar (see note CXIII above). This is a vow – literally, that which was promised.
^CXV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1:1. See note II above.
^CXVI “provided” = manah. To weigh out, reckon, count, number, set, tell. By implication, it is allotting or providing something officially.
^CXVII “large” = gadol. Same as “great” in v1:2. See note XI above.
^CXVIII “fish” = dag. 19x in OT. Perhaps from dagah (fish – perhaps as creatures that move by squirming) OR from da’ag (to fear, be worried, sorrow, be concerned, be anxious, be sorry). This is fish or fishing – fish a flipping, swift moving creatures.

^CXIX “swallow up” = bala. This is to swallow, engulf, cover, or destroy.
^CXX “was” = hayah. Same as “came” in v1:1. See note III above.
^CXXI “belly” = meeh. This is inward parts, belly, heart, womb, intestines, vastness. It can also be figurative for sympathy.
^CXXII “three” = shalosh. This is three, fork, three times.
^CXXIII “days” = yom. Root may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.
^CXXIV “nights” = layil. Properly, this refers to light twisting away. It is used for night or midnight. Figuratively, this can mean adversity.

^CXXV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1:1. See note II above.
^CXXVI “came” = hayah. Same as “came” in v1:1. See note III above.
^CXXVII “second” = sheni. From shanah (to fold, repeat, double, alter, or disguise). This is double, again, another, second.
^CXXVIII “get up” = qum. Same as {untranslated} in v1:2. See note VIII above.
^CXXIX “go” = halak. Same as “go” in v1:2. See note IX above.

^CXXX “proclaim” = qara. Same as “cry out” in v1:2. See note XIII above.
^CXXXI “message” = qeriah. Related to “cry out” in v1:2. From qara (see note XIII above). This is a proclamation or preaching.
^CXXXII “tell” = dabar. Related to “word” in v1:1. See note I above.
^CXXXIII “went” = halak. Same as “go” in v1:2. See note IX above.
^CXXXIV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1:1. See note II above.
^CXXXV “exceedingly” = elohim. Same as “god” in v1:5. See note XLII above.
^CXXXVI “walk” = mahalak. Related to “go” in v1:2. 4x in OT– 1x in Nehemiah, 1x in Ezekiel & 2x in Jonah. From halak (see note IX above). This is a passage, walk, distance, or journey.

^CXXXVII “began” = chalal. This is to pierce, which implies to wound. It is used figuratively for making someone or something profane or breaking your word. It can also mean to begin as though one opened a wedge. Also, to eat something as a common thing.
^CXXXVIII “go into” = bo. Same as “going” in v1:3. See note XXV above.
^CXXXIX “a” = echad. Perhaps from achad (to unify, continue on a path; figuratively, to gather one’s thoughts). This is the number one, first, united. It can also be alone, altogether, a certain, a few.
^CXL “cried out” = qara. Same as “cry out” in v1:2. See note XIII above.
^CXLI {untranslated} = amar. Same as “saying” in v1:1. See note VII above.

^CXLII “forty” = arbaim. From the same as arba (four); from raba (to make square or be four-sided); perhaps from raba (to lie down flat; can be to lie for mating). This is forty.
^CXLIII “more” = od. From ud (to admonish, repeat, duplicate, testify, restore, record, relieve). This is still, yet, again, more.
^CXLIV “overthrown” = haphak. This is to turn, overturn, change, return, turn over, pervert.
^CXLV “people” = ish. Same as “each” in v1:5. See note XL above.
^CXLVI “believed” = aman. Related to “Amittai” in v1:1. See note VI above.
^CXLVII “fast” = tsom. From tsum (properly, covering one’s mouth; by extension, abstaining from food). This is fasting or a fast.

^CXLVIII “small” = qatan. From quwt (grieved, cut off, to detest). This is least, small, young, little one. It is literally smaller whether in amount or size. Figuratively it is smaller in the sense of younger or less important.
^CXLIX “put on” = labash. This is to wrap around, which implies clothing oneself or someone else. This is wrapping around in a literal or figurative way.
^CL “sackcloth” = saq. Perhaps from shaqaq (to run, rush; to pursue like a predator; to search for with greed or appetite). This is sack or sackcloth. It is a mesh fabric used for bags or clothes. It is used as clothing for times of grief or humiliation. It is perhaps the same root that the word “sack” comes from.

^CLI “news” = dabar. Same as “word” in v1:1. See note I above.
^CLII “reached” = naga. This is touch, reach, arrive, come near, strike. This is touching for any reason including sexual or violent.
^CLIII “king” = melek. From malak (to be or become king or queen, to rise to the throne, to be crowned; by implication, to take counsel). This is king or royal.
^CLIV “rose” = qum. Same as {untranslated} in v1:2. See note VIII above.
^CLV “throne” = kisse. From the same as kese (full moon); perhaps from kasah (to cover, conceal, overwhelm; to cover as clothes do or to hide a secret). This is throne – a seat that is covered or has a canopy. Thus, it is a seat that conveys authority.

^CLVI “removed” = abar. Related to “Hebrew” in v1:9. See note LXXI above.
^CLVII “robe” = addereth. 12x in OT– this is the word used for the mantle that passes from Elijah to Elisha. From addir (majestic, excellent, mighty, powerful, or noble); from adar (wide, glorious, honorable, great, magnificent). This is something ample – glory, splendid, goodly. It could also refer to a cloak, robe, or garment.
^CLVIII “covered” = kasah. Related to “throne” in v3:6. See note CLV above.
^CLIX “sat” = yashab. This is to sit and so to remain and so to dwell. It is sitting for any reason – as a judge, in order to ambush, or just sitting quietly. Causatively, this can mean settling or marrying. This can also mean continue, endure, or establish.
^CLX “ashes” = epher. Root may mean to strew. This is ashes or dust.

^CLXI “had a proclamation made” = zaaq. Same as “cried” in v1:5. See note XLI above.
^CLXII {untranslated} = amar. Same as “saying” in v1:1. See note VII above.
^CLXIII “decree” = taam. 13x in OT. From taam (to taste, perceive). This is taste, perception, discernment, decree, understanding, sanity.
^CLXIV “nobles” = gadol. Same as “great” in v1:2. See note XI above.
^CLXV {untranslated} = amar. Same as “saying” in v1:1. See note VII above.

^CLXVI “human” = adam. Perhaps from adam (to be red, make ruddy); related to adamah (ground, dirt, earth). This is man, humankind, also Adam’s name. It refers to a human individual or humanity.
^CLXVII “animal” = behemah. This is animal or cattle. It is often used of large quadrupeds.
^CLXVIII “herd” = baqar. From baqar (to plow, break forth; figuratively, to inquire, inspect, consider). This is cattle – an animal used for plowing.
^CLXIX “flock” = tson. This is a flock of sheep and goats.

^CLXX “taste” = taam. Related to “decree” in v3:7. 11x in OT. See note CLXIII above.
^CLXXI “anything” = meumah. From the same as mum (defect – an ethical one or a literal bodily one). Its root may mean to stain. This can mean a speck or fault. More broadly, it can also refer to anything or nothing.
^CLXXII “feed” = ra’ah. This is to tend a flock, pasture, or graze. It can mean to rule or to associate with someone. Figuratively, it can be ruler or teacher.
^CLXXIII “drink” = shathah. This is to drink literally or figuratively. It could also be a drinker.
^CLXXIV “water” = mayim. This is water, waters, or waterway in a general sense. Figuratively, it can also mean juice, urine, or semen.

^CLXXV “cry” = qara. Same as “cry out” in v1:2. See note XIII above.
^CLXXVI “mightily” = chozqah. 6x in OT. From chozeq (strength, power); from chazaq (to strengthen, seize, be courageous, repair, bind, heal, conquer, harden). This is strength, force, vigorously. It usually has a negative sense of vehemence.
^CLXXVII “all” = ish. Same as “each” in v1:5. See note XL above.
^CLXXVIII “turn” = shub. Same as “bring…back” in v1:13. See note LXXXVIII above.

^CLXXIX “evil” = ra’. Same as “wickedness” in v1:2. See note XIV above.
^CLXXX “ways” = derek. From darak (to tread, march, to walk. Can also mean affixing a string to a box since one needs to step on it to bend it in the process; so also an archer). This is a road as a thing that is walked on. Can be used figuratively for the path that one’s life takes or how one chooses to live one’s life.
^CLXXXI “violence” = chamas. From chamas (to violate, do violence, to wrong; implies mistreatment). This is violence, cruelty, damage, wrong, injustice, or unrighteous. Violence implies a wrong done. The term is also used to describe unjust gain.
^CLXXXII “hands” = kaph. From kaphaph (to bend – from a root meaning curve or bend down). This is palm of the hand or sole of the foot, footstep, grasp. Figuratively, it can also mean power.

^CLXXXIII “relent” = shub. Same as “bring…back” in v1:13. See note LXXXVIII above.
^CLXXXIV “change…mind” = nacham. Properly, this is a strong breath or a sigh. This can be to be sorry, to pity, console. Comfort, or repent. But, one can also comfort oneself with less righteous thoughts, so this can also mean to avenge oneself.
^CLXXXV “fierce” = charon. From charah (to be displeased, burn with anger, glow, become warn; figuratively a blaze of anger, zeal, or jealousy). This is burning anger, fierceness, or wrathfulness.
^CLXXXVI “anger” = aph. From anaph (to be angry; properly, breathing hard as a signifier of being enraged). This properly refers to the nose or nostril and by extension the face. It can specifically refer to anger or wrath as one breathes hard and nostrils flare in times of great anger.

^CLXXXVII “saw” = raah. This is to see in a literal or figurative sense so stare, advise, think, view.
^CLXXXVIII “what…did” = maaseh. Related to “made” in v1:9. From asah (see note LXXVI above). This is a work – any action whether positive or negative. It can also be a transaction, construction, activity, property, or something that is produced.
^CLXXXIX “said” = dabar. Same as “tell” in v3:2. See note CXXXII above.
^CXC “bring” = asah. Same as “made” in v1:9. See note LXXVI above.

^CXCI {untranslated} = ra’. Same as “wickedness” in v1:2. See note XIV above.
^CXCII “very” = gadol. Same as “great” in v1:2. See note XI above.
^CXCIII “was…displeasing” = ra’a’. Related to “wickedness” in v1:2. See note XIV above.
^CXCIV “became angry” = charah. Related to “fierce” in v3:9. See note CLXXXV above.

^CXCV “prayed” = palal. This is to judge for oneself or in an official capacity. It can also mean to pray or make supplication, to entreat.
^CXCVI “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1:10. See note LXXXII above.
^CXCVII “said” = amar. Same as “saying” in v1:1. See note VII above.
^CXCVIII “O” = annah. Same as “pray” in v1:14. See note XCVII above.
^CXCIX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1:10. See note LXXXII above.

^CC “what…said” = dabar. Same as “word” in v1:1. See note I above.
^CCI “still” = ken. Perhaps from kun (properly, in a perpendicular position; literally, to establish, fix, fasten, prepare; figuratively, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous). This is to set upright. Generally used figuratively to mean thus, so, afterwards, rightly so.
^CCII “in” = qadam. Perhaps from qedem (front, formerly, before, east, eternal, everlasting, antiquity). This is to come in front or be in front and so meet, anticipate, confront, receive, or rise. It sometimes means to meet for help.
^CCIII “country” = adamah. Related to “human” in v3:7. From the same as adam (see note CLXVI above). This is ground, earth, soil as red, or land.

^CCIV “gracious” = channun. 13x in OT. From chanan (beseech, show favor, be gracious; properly, to bend in kindness to someone with less status). This is gracious, compassionate, merciful, having pity on.
^CCV “merciful” = rachum. 13x in OT. From the same as rechem (womb); from racham (to love, have compassion, have mercy); from racham (compassion, tender love, womb, compassion; the womb as that which cherishes the fetus). This is compassionate or merciful.
^CCVI “God” = El. Related to “god” in v1:5. See note XLII above.
^CCVII “slow” = arek. 15x in OT. From arak (to be long in a literal or figurative sense, to continue, defer, draw out, endure, delay). This is long, patience, or slow.

^CCVIII “abounding” = rab. Same as “captain” in v1:6. See note L above.
^CCIX “steadfast love” = chesed. From chasad (being good, kind, merciful; may mean bowing one’s neck as is done in the presence of an equal for courtesy’s sake; so, if one in a superior position is treating you like an equal, that is what is captured here). This is favor, goodness, kindness, loving kindness, pity, reproach, or a good deed. When done by God to humanity, this is mercy/loving kindness. When done by humanity to God, it is piety.
^CCX “relenting” = nacham. Same as “change…mind” in v3:9. See note CLXXXIV above.
^CCXI “punishment” = ra’. Same as “wickedness” in v1:2. See note XIV above.

^CCXII “now” = attah. Perhaps from et (a period or season; whenever or continually); probably from anah (to answer, sing, announce); from ad (forever, all, old); from adah (to pass on, advance, decorate oneself). This is now, from now on.
^CCXIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1:1. See note II above.
^CCXIV “please” = na. Same as {untranslated} in v1:8. See note LXVI above.
^CCXV “take” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.

^CCXVI “better” = tob. From tob (to be pleasing, to be good). This is good, beautiful, pleasant, agreeable, bountiful, at ease. This word is used for goodness as a concept, a good thing, a good person. This can refer to prosperity and welfare as well as joy, kindness, sweetness, and graciousness. So, this is ethically good, but also enjoyably good.
^CCXVII “die” = mavet. From muth (to die in a literal or figurative sense). This can be death, deadliness, the dead, or the place where the dead go. It can be used figuratively for pestilence or ruin.
^CCXVIII “live” = chay. From chayah (to live or keep alive literally or figuratively). This is alive, living, lifetime. It can also be used to describe someone’s age. It can refer to animals, plants, water, or a company or congregation of people. It is life in a very broad sense.

^CCXIX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1:1. See note II above.
^CCXX “said” = amar. Same as “saying” in v1:1. See note VII above.
^CCXXI “is…right” = yatab. This is to be good or pleasing, joyful. It can also mean doing good in an ethical sense or be beautiful, happy, successful, or right.
^CCXXII “be angry” = charah. Same as “became angry” in v4:1. See note CXCIV above.

^CCXXIII “went out” = yatsa. This is to go or come out, bring forth, appear. It is to go out in a literal or figurative sense.
^CCXXIV “east” = qedem. Related to “in” in v4:2. See note CCII above.
^CCXXV “made” = asah. Same as “made” in v1:9. See note LXXVI above.
^CCXXVI “booth” = sukkah. From sok (lair, thicket, den, or hiding place; a den or pavilion as made of intertwined boughs); from sakak (to interweave, knit). This is a booth, canopy, shelter, tent, or tabernacle. This is also the “sukkah” from the Jewish holiday “sukkot,” which remembers the wilderness wanderings.
^CCXXVII “shade” = tsel. From tsalal (to be or become dark, shade; this is the shade as during twilight or shadow as associated with something opaque). This is shade in a literal or figurative sense. So, it could be shadow, shade, protection, shelter, or defense.
^CCXXVIII “become” = hayah. Same as “came” in v1:1. See note III above.

^CCXXIX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1:1. See note II above.
^CCXXX “God” = Elohim. Same as “god” in v1:5. See note XLII above.
^CCXXXI “appointed” = manah. Same as “provided” in v1:17. See note CXVI above.
^CCXXXII “bush” = qiqayon. 5x in OT. – all in this passage. Perhaps from qavah (to vomit, spit up). This is a plant or gourd – it could be a castor oil plant or a bottle gourd.

^CCXXXIII “give” = hayah. Same as “came” in v1:1. See note III above.
^CCXXXIV “head” = rosh. This may come a word that means to shake. It is the head, captain, or chief. It can also be excellent or the forefront. It can be first in position or in statue or in time (i.e. the beginning).
^CCXXXV “save” = natsal. This is to snatch someone or something away in a good sense – as rescue, defend, or deliver – or in a bad sense – as strip or plunder.

^CCXXXVI “discomfort” = ra’. Same as “wickedness” in v1:2. See note XIV above.
^CCXXXVII “was” = samach. This is to rejoice or be glad. Properly, it is to brighten up in a literal or figurative sense.
^CCXXXVIII “very” = gadol. Same as “great” in v1:2. See note XI above.
^CCXXXIX “happy” = sameach. Related to “was” in v4:6. From samach (see note CCXXXVII above). This is glad or joyful.

^CCXL “dawn” = shachar. Root may mean to look for in early hour or in a diligent way. This is dawn, early light, or morning.
^CCXLI “next day” = mochorath. From the same as machar (tomorrow or later; deferred time; indefinitely or the time to come); perhaps from achar (to be behind, delay, be late, procrastinate, continue). This is the next day or next morning.
^CCXLII “God” = Elohim. Same as “god” in v1:5. See note XLII above.

^CCXLIII “worm” = tola. This is a worm or maggot, perhaps a crimson-grub of species coccus ilicis. It is used in the manufacture of red dye. So, this word could be crimson, purple, or something dyed in those colors. It could also refer to an oppressor.
^CCXLIV “attacked” = nakah. This is to hit whether lightly or severely. It can be used in a literal or figurative sense. So, this could be beat, punish, give wounds, kill, or slaughter.
^CCXLV “withered” = yabesh. Related to “dry land” in v1:9. See note LXXVII above.

^CCXLVI {untranslated} = hayah. Same as “came” in v1:1. See note III above.
^CCXLVII “sun” = shemesh. This is sun or toward the east. Its root may mean being brilliant. Figuratively, this could be a ray or an arch.
^CCXLVIII “rose” = zarach. 18x in OT. This is to rise, shine, or dawn. It can also be used to describe symptoms of leprosy.
^CCXLIX “God” = Elohim. Same as “god” in v1:5. See note XLII above.
^CCL “prepared” = manah. Same as “provided” in v1:17. See note CXVI above.

^CCLI “sultry” = charishi. 1x in OT. Perhaps from charash (engraver, artisan; any kind of fabricator or craftsperson); from charash (to scratch, which implies etching or plowing; to manufacture regardless of materials used; figuratively, to devise or conceal; a sense of secrecy so being silent or left alone or speechless). Meaning uncertain – perhaps scorching, quiet, or vehement. It is used to refer to the sirocco, which is a sultry wind from the east.
^CCLII “east” = qadim. Related to “in” in v4:2 & “east” in v4:5. From the same as qedem (see note CCII above). This is the front part and so eastward. Sometimes used as a shorthand for the east wind.
^CCLIII “beat down” = nakah. Same as “attacked” in v4:7. See note CCXLIV above.

^CCLIV “was faint” = alaph. 5x in OT. This is to veil or cover. It could be to wrap oneself up. Figuratively, it is to become faint, wilt, or be languid.
^CCLV “asked” = shaal. This is to ask, inquire, beg, borrow, desire, request. It can also mean to demand.
^CCLVI “he” = nephesh. Same as “life” in v1:14. See note XCIX above.
^CCLVII “die” = mut. Related to “die” in v4:3. See note CCXVII above.
^CCLVIII “said” = amar. Same as “saying” in v1:1. See note VII above.
^CCLIX “die” = mut. Same as “die” in v4:8. See note CCLVII above.
^CCLX “live” = chay. Same as “live” in v4:3. See note CCXVIII above.

^CCLXI “God” = Elohim. Same as “god” in v1:5. See note XLII above.
^CCLXII “said” = amar. Same as “saying” in v1:1. See note VII above.
^CCLXIII “be angry” = charah. Same as “became angry” in v4:1. See note CXCIV above.
^CCLXIV “said” = amar. Same as “saying” in v1:1. See note VII above.
^CCLXV “yes” = yatab. Same as “is…right” in v4:4. See note CCXXI above.
^CCLXVI “angry” = charah. Same as “became angry” in v4:1. See note CXCIV above.
^CCLXVII “die” = mavet. Same as “die” in v4:3. See note CCXVII above.

^CCLXVIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1:1. See note II above.
^CCLXIX “said” = amar. Same as “saying” in v1:1. See note VII above.
^CCLXX “are concerned” = chus. This is properly to cover. In a figurative sense it means looking with compassion, pitying, regarding, or sparing someone.
^CCLXXI “labor” = amal. 11x in OT. This is to labor – work that is hard and intensive. It is a Late Hebrew word.
^CCLXXII “grow” = gadal. Related to “great” in v1:2. See note XI above.

^CCLXXIII “came into being” = hayah. Same as “came” in v1:1. See note III above.
^CCLXXIV {untranslated} = ben. Same as “son” in v1:1. See note V above.
^CCLXXV {untranslated} = ben. Same as “son” in v1:1. See note V above.
^CCLXXVI “there are” = yesh. This is being, existence, or substance.
^CCLXXVII “more” = rabah. This is increasing in any aspect whether quantity, authority, size, quality, greatness, etc.

^CCLXXVIII “a hundred and twenty thousand” = shenayim + asar + ribbo. Literally, “two and ten times ten thousand.” Shenayim is related to “second” in v3:1. From sheni (see note CXXVII above). This is two, both, second, couple. Asar is from the same as eser (ten). This is -teen or -teenth. Ribbo is related to “captain” in v1:6. 11x in OT. From rabab (see note L above). This is a myriad, which is to say a very large number. It can also be ten thousand.
^CCLXXIX “persons” = adam. Same as “human” in v3:7. See note CLXVI above.
^CCLXXX “right hand” = yamin. May be from yamam (to go or choose the right, use the right hand; to be physically fit or firm). This can mean right hand, right side, or south. Since most people are right-handed, the metaphorical usage of this word presumes that the right hand is stronger and more agile. Thus, it is the instrument of power and action.

^CCLXXXI “from” = bayin. From bin (to discern, consider, attend to; distinguishing things in one’s mind or, more generally, to understand). This is among, between, interval.
^CCLXXXII “left” = semol. Perhaps from the same as simlah (mantle, clothes, wrapper); perhaps from semel (image, figure, likeness). This is left, left side, or north as the part that is dark.
^CCLXXXIII “many” = rab. Same as “captain” in v1:6. See note L above.