1 Kings 18:20-39

^I “Ahab” = Achab. From ach (brother, kindred, another, other, like) + ab (father, ancestor, grandfather; father in a literal or figurative sense). This is Ahab, a name meaning “father’s brother” or “father’s friend.”
^II “sent” = shalach. This is to send out, away, send for, forsake. It can also mean to divorce or set a slave free.
^III “all” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.
^IV “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Literally, “children of Israel.” Ben is from banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense. Yisrael is from sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (God or god). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.

^V “assembled” = qabats. This is to collect, assemble, heap, grasp, or gather.
^VI “prophets” = nabi. This is prophet, prophecy, speaker, or someone inspired.
^VII “Mount” = har. From harar (hill or mountain). This is mountain, hill, hilly region.
^VIII “Carmel” = Karmel. From the same as kerem (vineyard, garden, vines, or a vintage). This is Carmel, a city whose name means “fruitful plentiful field” or “plantation” or “orchard” or “garden.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Carmel.html

^IX “Elijah” = Eliyyah. Related to “Israelites” in v20. From El (see note IV above) + Yah (the shortened form of the name of the God of Israel; God, Lord); {from YHVH (proper name of the God of Israel; God, Lord; the self-existent or eternal one); from havah (to become) or hayah (to be, become, happen)}. This is Elijah, meaning “The Lord is God.”
^X “came near” = nagash. This is to draw, bring, or come near. It is approaching for any reason – as an attack on an enemy, in order to worship, to make an argument. It can also be used as a euphemism for sex.
^XI “people” = am. From amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together). This is people or nation. It can be used specifically for a tribe, collectively of troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals.

^XII “said” = amar. This is to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report.
^XIII “go limping” = pasach. 8x in OT. This is to stop, pass over, skip over, to spare, become lame, hesitate. It is the root of the word for “Passover” in Hebrew.
^XIV “two” = shenayim. From sheni (double, again, another, second); from shanah (to fold, repeat, double, alter, or disguise). This is two, both, second, couple.
^XV “opinions” = saiph. 3x in OT. Similar to seippah (division); akin to saiph (a branch, cleft, top); from saaph (to cut off top branches, to divide); from seappah (branch, twig). This is an opinion or sentiment.

^XVI “Lord” = YHVH. Related to “Elijah” in v21. See note IX above.
^XVII “God” = Elohim. Related to “Israelites” in v20 & “Elijah” in v21. See note IV above.
^XVIII “follow” = halak + achar. Halak is go, come, walk. It is walk literally and figuratively and includes people and animals. It can be used figuratively for one’s moral life – how we walk according to God’s way or against it. It can also refer to the walk of life as in the course one’s life takes, the choices we make, etc. Achar is from achar (to remain behind, linger, continue, be behind, or delay; can also imply procrastination). This is after or the last part, following.

^XIX “Baal” = Ba’al. From the same as ba’al (lord, owner, ally, or archer); from ba’al (to marry, have dominion, be master). This is Baal, literally “lord,” a Phoenician god.
^XX “answer” = anah. This is answer, respond, announce, sing, shout, or testify. It means to pay attention, which implies responding and, by extension, starting to talk. Used in a specific sense for singing, shouting, testifying, etc.
^XXI “word” = dabar. From dabar (to speak, declare, discuss). This is speech, a word, a matter, an affair, charge, command, message, promise, purpose, report, request. It is a word, which implies things that are spoken of in a wide sense.

^XXII “only” = bad. From badad (to divide or be separated; alone, solitary, lonely, isolated, straggler). This is apart, alone, separation, body part, tree branch, except. It can also be a city’s chief.
^XXIII “am left” = yathar. This is to jut over, remain behind, preserve, to excel. It can be to leave or to be in abundance.
^XXIV “number” = ish. Perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is man, husband, another, or humankind.
^XXV “four” = arba. From raba (to make square or be four-sided). This is four.
^XXVI “hundred” = meah. This is hundred or some number times one hundred (i.e. hundredfold or the base of two hundred, three hundred, etc.).
^XXVII “fifty” = chamishshim. From chamesh (five, fifth). This is fifty.

^XXVIII “bulls” = par. Perhaps related to parar (to break, defeat, frustrate, caste off, clean, cease). This is a young bull or ox.
^XXIX “given” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.
^XXX “choose” = bachar. This is to choose, appoint, try, excellent.
^XXXI “one” = echad. Perhaps from achad (to unify, continue on a path; figuratively, to gather one’s thoughts). This is the number one, first, united. It can also be alone, altogether, a certain, a few.
^XXXII “cut…in pieces” = nathach. 9x in OT. This is to dismember or divide at the joints.

^XXXIII “lay” = sim. This is to put or place in a literal or figurative sense. It can be appoint, care, change, make, and may other things.
^XXXIV “wood” = ets. Perhaps from atsah (to shut, fasten, firm up, to close one’s eyes). This is tree or other things related to trees like wood, sticks, or stalks. It can also refer to wood products like a plank or staff or gallows. Additionally, this can refer to a carpenter.
^XXXV “put” = sim. Same as “lay” in v23. See note XXXIII above.
^XXXVI “fire” = esh. This is fire, burning, flaming, hot. It is fire in a literal or figurative sense.

^XXXVII “prepare” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.
^XXXVIII “other” = echad. Same as “one” in v23. See note XXXI above.
^XXXIX “lay” = natan. Same as “given” in v23. See note XXIX above.
^XL “call” = qara. This is to call or call out – to call someone by name. Also used more broadly for calling forth.

^XLI “name” = shem. Related to “lay” in v23. May be from sim (see note XXXV above). This is name, fame, renown. A name was thought to indicate something essential about a person – something about their individuality. So, this word can also mean honor, authority, or character.
^XLII “god” = Elohim. Same as “God” in v21. See note XVII above.
^XLIII “is” = hayah. Related to “Elijah” and “Lord” in v21. See note IX above.

^XLIV {untranslated} = amar. Same as “said” in v21. See note XII above.
^XLV “well” = tob. From tob (to be pleasing, to be good). This is good, beautiful, pleasant, agreeable, bountiful, at ease. This word is used for goodness as a concept, a good thing, a good person. This can refer to prosperity and welfare as well as joy, kindness, sweetness, and graciousness. So, this is ethically good, but also enjoyably good.
^XLVI “spoken” = dabar. Same as “word” in v21. See note XXI above.

^XLVII “first” = rishon. From rishah (beginning or early time); from rosh (head, captain, or chief; excellent or the forefront; first in position or in statue or in time). This is first, former, ancestor, beginning, ranked first.
^XLVIII “many” = rab. From rabab (increasing in any aspect whether quantity, authority, size, quality, greatness, etc.). This is abundance, many, elder, exceedingly, great. It refers to abundance of amount, rank, or status.
^XLIX “took” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.

^L “morning” = boqer. From baqar (to seek, plow, break forth, admire, care for). This refers to the break of day. So it is dawn, early, morning, or morrow.
^LI “noon” = tsohar. From tsahar (pressing oil, glistening); from yitshar (fresh oil, anointed; oil as that which is burned to make light; used figuratively to talk about anointing). This is a light, window, or midday.
^LII “crying” = amar. Same as “said” in v21. See note XII above.

^LIII “no” = ayin. Perhaps from a word that means to be nothing. This means nothing, none, non-existent. It can also simply mean not or are not.
^LIV “voice” = qol. This is a sound, used often for human voices. Also used when God speaks or angels, animals or instruments. It can be a cry or a noise, thunder or earthquakes and so on.
^LV “no” = ayin. Same as “no” in v26. See note LIII above.
^LVI “altar” = mizbeach. From zabach (to kill, slay, offer; slaughtering an animal to offer as a sacrifice). This is an altar.
^LVII “made” = asah. Same as “prepare” in v23. See note XXXVII above.

^LVIII {untranslated} = hayah. Same as “is” in v24. See note XLIII above.
^LIX “mocked” = hathal. 10x in OT. This is to mock, deceive, or conduct business in a dubious fashion. It implies cheating.
^LX “cry” = qara. Same as “call” in v24. See note XL above.
^LXI “aloud” = qol + gadol. Qol is the same as “voice” in v26. See note LIV above. Gadol is from gadal (to grow up, become great, become wealthy – to advance. The root meaning may be to twist in the sense of the process of growing). This is great, high, bigger, noble, old, marvelous. It can also refer to someone who is powerful or distinguished.

^LXII “meditating” = siach. 13x in OT. Perhaps from siyach (to muse, meditate, complain, sing, sigh, speak, or utter). This is a musing, concern, communication, or prayer.
^LXIII “wandered away” = sig. 1x in OT. From the same as sig (dross, a moving away); from sug (to turn back, aside, or away; properly, to flinch, which implies moving away or going back; literally, can mean retreat or figuratively can mean backslide i.e. apostatize). This is pursuing or leaving to somewhere private.
^LXIV “journey” = derek. From darak (to tread, march, to walk. Can also mean affixing a string to a box since one needs to step on it to bend it in the process; so also an archer). This is a road as a thing that is walked on. Can be used figuratively for the path that one’s life takes or how one chooses to live one’s life.

^LXV “asleep” = yashen. 5x in OT. From yashen (to sleep, get old, be slack, get stale, die). This is sleeping or sleepy.
^LXVI “be awakened” = yaqats. 10x in OT. This is to wake someone up.
^LXVII “cried” = qara. Same as “call” in v24. See note XL above.
^LXVIII “custom” = mishpat. From shaphat (to judge, defend, pronounce judgment, condemn, govern). This is a verdict or formal sentence whether from humans or from God. It includes the act of judging as well as the place that judging takes place, the suit itself, and the penalty. Abstractly, this is justice, which includes the rights of the participants.

^LXIX “cut” = gadad. 8x in OT. This is to cut, gather, assemble, crowd. Also, it is to gash as pushing in.
^LXX “swords” = chereb. From charab (to attack, slay). This is any sharp instrument like a sword, dagger, axe, or mattock.
^LXXI “lances” = romach. 15x in OT. May come from a word that means to hurt. It could be a spear, lancet, buckler. It focuses on the iron tip.
^LXXII “blood” = dam. Perhaps from damam (to cease, be or become mute, silent, still, cut off, hold peace, be astonished, die). This is blood, bloodshed, bloodguilt, lifeblood, and death. It is used for people and animals. More often blood from a wound or the blood of the innocent. Used figuratively for violence or for wine. Closely tied to life and death.
^LXXIII “gushed out” = shaphak. This is to pour out, gust, or slip. It can be to pour as blood, a drink offering, or molten metal. It can also mean to create a mound. Figuratively, it can refer to killing, or spending money.

^LXXIV {untranslated} = hayah. Same as “is” in v24. See note XLIII above.
^LXXV “midday” = tsohar. Same as “noon” in v26. See note LI above.
^LXXVI “passed” = abar. This is to pass over or cross over. It is used for transitions, whether literal or figurative. It can also mean to escape, alienate, or fail. This is the root verb from which “Hebrew” is drawn.
^LXXVII “raved” = naba. Related to “prophets” in v20. Related to nabi (see note VI above). This is to prophesy. It can also refer to an ecstatic state – raving. It is associated with speech, song, teachings, and predictions.
^LXXVIII “offering” = alah. This is to go up, approach, ascend, be high, be a priority; to arise in a literal or figurative sense.

^LXXIX “oblation” = minchah. This is a gift or an offering, particularly a sacrificial one that is generally bloodless and given spontaneously (voluntarily).
^LXXX “no” = ayin. Same as “no” in v26. See note LIII above.
^LXXXI “no” = ayin. Same as “no” in v26. See note LIII above.
^LXXXII “no” = ayin. Same as “no” in v26. See note LIII above.
^LXXXIII “response” = qesheb. 4x in OT. From qashab (to listen, pay attention to, incline – used in the phrase incline the ears). This is attentiveness, hearing, response.

^LXXXIV “come closer” = nagash. Same as “came near” in v21. See note X above.
^LXXXV “repaired” = rapha. Properly, this is to repair by stitching – figuratively this means to heal or cure. It can also mean to make whole.
^LXXXVI “thrown down” = haras. This is to break down, throw down, ruin, overthrow, or destroy. It is breaking down in pieces.
^LXXXVII “twelve” = shenayim + asar. Shenayim is the same as “two” in v21. See note XIV above. Asar is from the same as eser (ten). This is -teen or -teenth.
^LXXXVIII “stones” = eben. This is a stone, weight, or mason. It is part of the word “Ebenezer.”

^LXXXIX “number” = mispar. From the same as sepher (writing itself or something that is written like a document, book, letter, evidence, bill, scroll, or register); from saphar (to tally or record something; to enumerate, recount, number, celebrate, or declare). This is a number, whether definite or symbolic – could be innumerable, few, abundance. It can also be a tally or account – or a narration.
^XC “tribes” = shebet. This is a rod, staff, club, scepter, dart, or tribe. Literally a stick that can be used for punishing, writing, fighting, walking, ruling; thus, used figuratively for a clan.
^XCI “sons” = ben. Same as “Israelites” in v20. See note IV above.
^XCII “Jacob” = Yaaqob. From the same as aqeb (heel, hind part, hoof, rear guard of an army, one who lies in wait, usurper). This is Isaac’s son and his descendants. The name means heel-catcher or supplanter.
^XCIII “came” = hayah. Same as “is” in v24. See note XLIII above.

^XCIV “built” = banah. Related to “Israelites” in v20. See note IV above.
^XCV “trench” = talah. Related to “offering” in v29. 11x in OT. From alah (see note LXXVIII above). This is a conduit, stream, channel for irrigation, or trench. It can also be a bandage for an injury.
^XCVI “around” = sabib. From sabab (turning around, going around; to surround, cast, walk, fetch; to revolve or border in a literal or figurative sense). This is a circuit or a circle. It could refer to an environment, one’s neighbors, or a circular path round about.

^XCVII “contain” = bayit. Related to “Israelites” in v20 & “built” in v32. Probably from banah (see note IV above). This is house, court, family, palace, temple.
^XCVIII “measures” = seah. 9x in OT. This is a seah, used to measure flour or grain – about 7 quarts.
^XCIX “seed” = zera. From zara (to sow or scatter seed; conceive or yield). This is seed or sowing. It can, thus, mean a fruit, plant, sowing time, child, offspring, or posterity.

^C “put…in order” = arak. This is to arrange by setting in a row. It can also mean to set a battle, estimate, put in order, or compare.
^CI “cut…in pieces” = nathach. Same as “cut…in pieces” in v23. See note XXXII above.
^CII “laid” = sim. Same as “lay” in v23. See note XXXIII above.
^CIII “fill” = male. This is fill, satisfy, replenish, accomplish, fulfill, confirm, or consecrate. It is fill in a literal or figurative sense.
^CIV “jars” = kad. 18x in OT– 9x in Genesis 24 re: Isaac meeting Rebekah, 4x in Judges 7 of the empty jars that Gideon’s men had; 3x in 1 Kings 17 of the jar belonging to the widow of Zarephath, 1x in 1 Kings 18 of the jars filled with water as part of Elijah’s contest with the priests of Baal, and 1x in Ecclesiastes 12 regarding an extended metaphor of youth and old age – here a broken pitcher. This is a jar, pitcher, bowl, or pail. The root might mean to deepen. It is a vessel made of clay – earthenware, used domestically.

^CV “water” = mayim. This is water, waters, or waterway in a general sense. Figuratively, it can also mean juice, urine, or semen.
^CVI “pour” = yatsaq. This is to pour out, flow, wash away, or overflow. It can imply melting as one does to cast metal. By extension, it can refer to something being steadfast, stiffened, firmly in place.
^CVII “burnt offering” = olah. Related to “offering” in v29 & “trench” in v32. From alah (see note LXXVIII above). This is a step, stairs, or some kind of ascent. It is also used for whole burnt offerings, being the offering in which the whole thing is burned and rises as smoke. Burnt offerings were the least common of the offerings: most were eaten, shared with the priest and the one bringing the offering.

^CVIII “do…a second time” = shanah. Related to “two” in v21. See note XIV above.
^CIX “do…a third time” = shalash. 9x in OT. From shalosh (three, fork, three times). This is to intensify, separate into three sections, do a third, triplicate.
^CX “ran” = halak. Same as “follow” in v21. See note XVIII above.
^CXI “also” = gam. This is also, moreover, again.

^CXII {untranslated} = hayah. Same as “is” in v24. See note XLIII above.
^CXIII “offering” = alah. Same as “offering” in v29. See note LXXVIII above.
^CXIV “Abraham” = Abraham. Related to “Ahab” in v20. From the same as Abiram (exalted father, a high father – lofty) {from ab (see note I above) + rum (rise, bring up, being high, extol, exalt, haughty; to raise in a literal or figurative sense)}. This is Abraham, father of many nations or father of a multitude.
^CXV “Isaac” = Yitschaq. From tsachaq (to laugh, mock, play, make sport; this is laughing out loud whether in joy or in a scornful way). This is Isaac, meaning “he laughs.”

^CXVI “be known” = yada. This is to know, acknowledge, advise, answer, be aware, be acquainted with. Properly, this is to figure something out by seeing. It includes ideas of observation, recognition, and care about something. It can be used causatively for instruction, designation, and punishment.
^CXVII “day” = yom. Root may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.
^CXVIII “servant” = ebed. From abad (to work, serve, compel; any kind of work; used causatively, can mean to enslave or keep in bondage). This is a servant, slave, or bondservant.
^CXIX “done” = asah. Same as “prepare” in v23. See note XXXVII above.
^CXX “things” = dabar. Same as “word” in v21. See note XXI above.

^CXXI “bidding” = dabar. Same as “word” in v21. See note XXI above.
^CXXII “turned” = sabab. Related to “around” in v32. See note XCVI above.
^CXXIII “hearts” = leb. From the same as lebab (the heart, courage, one’s inner self, the mind, the will; only used in a figurative sense in the Bible); may be related to labab (to encourage; properly, to be encased as with fat; used in a good sense, this means to transport someone with love; used in a bad sense, it can mean to dull one’s senses).. This is inner self, mind, will, feelings, the center.
^CXXIV “back” = achorannith. Related to “follow” in v21. 7x in OT. From achor (the back, behind, backward, time to come; facing to the north or the west); from achar (see note XVIII above). This is backwards, turned away, back.

^CXXV “fell” = naphal. This is to fall, whether by accident, to fall prostrate, or to fall in violent death. Figuratively, it can refer to personal ruin or calamity, a city falling, an attack or a falling away. It can also be a deep sleep or wasting away.
^CXXVI “consumed” = akal. This is to eat, devour, burn up, or otherwise consume. It can be eating in a literal or figurative sense.
^CXXVII “dust” = aphar. May be related to aphar (to throw dust, be dust). This is dust as powdered, perhaps gray colored. It could be ashes, powder, ground, dry earth, clay mud, or rubbish.

^CXXVIII “licked up” = lachak. 6x in OT. This is to lick or lick up.
^CXXIX “saw” = raah. This is to see in a literal or figurative sense so stare, advise, think, view.
^CXXX “faces” = paneh. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.