Genesis 40

^A {untranslated} = hayah. This is to be or become, to happen.
^B {untranslated} = dabar. From dabar (to speak, declare, discuss). This is speech, a word, a matter, an affair, charge, command, message, promise, purpose, report, request. It is a word, which implies things that are spoken of in a wide sense.
^C “cupbearer” = mashqeh. 19x in OT. From shaqah (to give water to, to cause to drink – to irrigate, drown; watering plants or giving water to flocks). This is drinking, a drink, cupbearer, or a place that is well irrigated.
^D “Egypt” = Mitsrayim. Perhaps from matsor (besieged or fortified place, bulwark, entrenchment; something hemmed in; a siege or distress or fastness); from tsur (to confine, besiege, to cramp). This is Egypt.

^E “baker” = aphah. This is one who cooks or bakes – particularly one who cooks meat.
^F “offended” = chata. This is properly to miss, and so figuratively it is used for sinning, bearing the blame. It implies a forfeiture or loss of something.
^G “lord” = adon. From a root that means ruling or being sovereign. This is lord, master, or owner.

^H “Pharaoh” = Paroh. From Egyptian pr (palace, pharaoh; literally house + great). This is Pharaoh, a title for Egyptian kings. Seehttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pharaoh
^I “was angry” = qatsaph. This is angry or provoked to wrath. It suggests a bursting into anger.
^J “officers” = saris. Root is likely foreign and may mean castrate. So, this could be a eunuch, valet, or other kind of officer.
^K “chief” = sar. This is chief, leader, ruler, lord, official, governor, prince, military leader. It refers to someone at the top of a rank or class.

^L “put” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.
^M “custody” = mishmar. From shamar (to keep, watch, or preserve; to guard something or to protect it as a thorny hedge protects something). This is jail, guard, watch, guard post.
^N “house” = bayit. Probably from banah (to build, make, set up, obtain children; to build literally or figuratively). This is house, court, family, palace, temple.
^O “captain” = sar. Same as “chief” in v2. See note K above.
^P “guard” = tabbach. From tabach (to slaughter or butcher; of animals or people). This is cook or guardsman.

^Q “prison” = bayit + sohar. Literally “house of imprisonment.” Bayit is the same as “house” in v4. See note N above. Sohar is 8x in OT. From the same as sahar (roundness). This is jail, dungeon, or one who keeps the jail.
^R {untranslated} = maqom. From qum(to arise, stand, accomplish, establish, abide; rising against, getting up after being sick or asleep, arising from one state to another, becoming powerful, or rising for action; standing in a figurative sense). This is a standing, which is to say a spot or space a place. It can also refer to a locality or a physical/mental condition. HaMaqom is also a Jewish name for God – the place, i.e. the Omnipresent One.
^S “Joseph” = Yoseph. From yasaph (to add, increase, continue, exceed). This is Joseph, meaning “he increases” or “let him add.”
^T “confined” = asar. This is to tie, yoke, bind, or fasten. It can mean to harness an animal, to join in fighting a battle, or to imprison someone.

^U “charged” = paqad. This is to attend to or visit – can be used for a friendly or violent encounter. So, it can be to oversee, care for, avenge, or charge.
^V “waited on” = sharath. This is ministering, serving, or waiting on. It can refer to one offering service as a worshipper or one serving as a servant.
^W “continued” = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note A above.
^X “time” = yom. Root may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.

^Y “one” = echad. Perhaps from achad (to unify, continue on a path; figuratively, to gather one’s thoughts). This is the number one, first, united. It can also be alone, altogether, a certain, a few.
^Z “night” = layil. Properly, this refers to light twisting away. It is used for night or midnight. Figuratively, this can mean adversity.
^AA “both” = shenayim. From sheni (double, again, another, second); from shanah (to fold, repeat, double, alter, or disguise). This is two, both, second, couple.
^BB “dreamed” = chalam + chalom. Literally “dreamed a dream.” Chalam is properly, to bind solidly and so to be plump. This is to be healthy or strong, to recover; figuratively, to dream. Chalom is related to “dreamed” in v5. From chalam (see above). This is a dream or dreamer.

^CC “each” = enosh. From anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is human, humankind, another. It is mortal.
^DD “own” = enosh. Same as “each” in v5. See note CC above.
^EE “meaning” = pithron. 5x in OT. From pathar (to open, interpret). This is an interpretation.

^FF “came” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^GG “morning” = boqer. From baqar (to seek, plow, break forth, admire, care for). This refers to the break of day. So it is dawn, early, morning, or morrow.
^HH “saw” = raah. This is to see in a literal or figurative sense so stare, advise, think, view.
^II {untranslated} = hen. This is a remark of surprise or excitement: lo! Behold! It can also mean if or though.
^JJ “troubled” = zaaph. 5x in OT. This mean to boil – figuratively to be enraged, sad, worried, or dejected.

^KK “asked” = shaal. This is to ask, inquire, beg, borrow, desire, request. It can also mean to demand.
^LL “faces” = paneh. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.
^MM “downcast” = ra’. From ra’a’ (to be evil, bad, afflict; properly, to spoil – to destroy by breaking into pieces; figuratively, to cause something to be worthless; this is bad in a physical, social, or moral sense; that which displeases, to do harm or mischief, to punish or vex). This is bad, disagreeable, that which causes pain, misery, something having little or no value, something that is ethically bad, wicked, injury, calamity. This refers to anything that is not what it ought to be – a natural disaster, a disfigurement, an injury, a sin.
^NN “today” = yom. Same as “time” in v4. See note X above.

^OO “interpret” = pathar. Related to “meaning” in v5. See note EE above.
^PP “God” = Elohim.
^QQ “please” = na. This particle is used for requests or for urging. It can be we pray, now, I ask you, oh. This is the same “na” in “hosanna.”
^RR “tell” = saphar. From sepher (writing, document, book, evidence). This is properly to tally or record something. It can be enumerate, recount, number, celebrate, or declare.

^SS {untranslated} = hinneh. Related to {untranslated} in v6. From hen (see note II above). This is to draw attention, show suddenness or surprise, or to emphasize the importance of the coming statement. See! Lo! Behold!
^TT “vine” = gephen. Root may mean to twine or bend. So, it is a vine, particularly referring to grapes.
^UU “before” = paneh. Literally “before my face.” Same as “faces” in v7. See note LL above.
^VV “three” = shalosh. This is three, fork, three times.
^WW “branches” = sarig. 3x in OT. From sarag (to twine together, wrap). This is twig or branch.

^XX “budded” = parach. This is to sprout, blossom, bloom, spread, flourish.
^YY “blossoms” = nets. 4x in OT. From natsats (to sparkle, have a bright color). This is a blossom or flower. It could also refer to a hawk, which seems to gleam with its great speed.
^ZZ “came out” = alah. This is to go up, approach, ascend, be high, be a priority; to arise in a literal or figurative sense.
^AAA “clusters” = eshkol. 9x in OT. Perhaps from eshek (a gathered bunch; can be a testicle or stone). This is cluster – as a bunch of fruit like grapes.
^BBB “ripened” = bashal. This is to boil up, roast, or bake. It can also mean ripen, produce, or seethe.
^CCC “grapes” = enab. 19x in OT. Root may mean to bear fruit. This is a grape, raisin, or wine. It can be used for the literal crop or as a metaphor for God’s relationship with Israel.

^DDD “cup” = kos. This refers to a cup or an owl.
^EEE “hand” = yad. This is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.
^FFF “took” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^GGG “placed” = natan. Same as “put” in v3. See note L above.
^HHH “hand” = kaph. From kaphaph (to bend – from a root meaning curve or bend down). This is palm of the hand or sole of the foot, footstep, grasp. Figuratively, it can also mean power.

^III “lift up” = nasa. This is to lift in a broad sense, literally and figuratively. So it could be to carry, take, or arise. It could also be bring forth, advance, accept.
^JJJ “head” = rosh. This may come a word that means to shake. It is the head, captain, or chief. It can also be excellent or the forefront. It can be first in position or in statue or in time (i.e. the beginning).
^KKK “restore” = shub. To turn back, return, turn away – literally or figuratively. Doesn’t necessarily imply going back to where you started from. This is also the root verb for the Hebrew word for repentance “teshubah.”
^LLL “office” = ken. 16x in OT. From the same as ken (to set upright; generally used figuratively for thus, so, afterwards, rightly so); perhaps from kun (properly, in a perpendicular position; literally, to establish, fix, fasten, prepare; figuratively, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous). This is a stand, place, right, honest, office.

^MMM “hand” = yad. Same as “hand” in v11. See note EEE above.
^NNN “just as” = mishpat. From shaphat (to judge, defend, pronounce judgment, condemn, govern). This is a verdict or formal sentence whether from humans or from God. It includes the act of judging as well as the place that judging takes place, the suit itself, and the penalty. Abstractly, this is justice, which includes the rights of the participants.
^OOO “used to” = rishon. Related to “head” in v13. From rishah (beginning or early time); from rosh (see note JJJ above). This is first, former, ancestor, beginning, ranked first.
^PPP “were” = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note A above.

^QQQ “remember” = zakar. This is to remember, to mark something so that it can be recalled, to be mindful of, to mention.
^RRR “is well” = yatab. This is to be good or pleasing, joyful. It can also mean doing good in an ethical sense or be beautiful, happy, successful, or right.
^SSS “do” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.
^TTT “kindness” = chesed. From chasad (being good, kind, merciful; may mean bowing one’s neck as is done in the presence of an equal for courtesy’s sake; so, if one in a superior position is treating you like an equal, that is what is captured here). This is favor, goodness, kindness, loving kindness, pity, reproach, or a good deed. When done by God to humanity, this is mercy/loving kindness. When done by humanity to God, it is piety.

^UUU “make mention” = zakar. Same as “remember” in v14. See note QQQ above.
^VVV “get…out” = yatsa. This is to go or come out, bring forth, appear. It is to go out in a literal or figurative sense.
^WWW “place” = bayit. Same as “house” in v4. See note N above.

^XXX “in fact…stolen” = ganab + ganab. This is to steal in a stealthy way rather than through violence. It can also mean to deceive. There is a Yiddish word ganef that derives from this root. It means thief or scoundrel. The word is repeated twice – the second time as an Infinitive Absolute. The Infinitive Absolute serves to emphasize the sentiment of the word. It is rather like Foghorn Leghorn’s speech pattern, “I said, I said.”
^YYY “land” = erets. Root may mean to be firm. This is earth, ground, field land, or country.
^ZZZ “Hebrews” = Ibri. From Eber (the region beyond; Eber, the name of several Israelites including a descendant of Shem); from abar (to pass over, pass through, or pass by; cross over or to alienate; used for transitions). This is Hebrew, perhaps meaning a descendant of Eber.

^AAAA “nothing” = meumah. From the same as mum (defect – an ethical one or a literal bodily one). Its root may mean to stain. This can mean a speck or fault. More broadly, it can also refer to anything or nothing.
^BBBB “put” = sim. This is to put or place in a literal or figurative sense. It can be appoint, care, change, make, and may other things.
^CCCC “dungeon” = bor. From bur (to bore; figuratively, to explain, examine, or clear up). This is a pit – generally a cistern or dungeon. It could also be a well or fountain.

^DDDD “favorable” = tob. From tob (to be pleasing, to be good). This is good, beautiful, pleasant, agreeable, bountiful, at ease. This word is used for goodness as a concept, a good thing, a good person. This can refer to prosperity and welfare as well as joy, kindness, sweetness, and graciousness. So, this is ethically good, but also enjoyably good.
^EEEE {untranslated} = hinneh. Same as {untranslated} in v9. See note SS above.
^FFFF “cake” = chori. 1x in OT. From chavar (to be or become white or pale). This is cake or white bread.
^GGGG “baskets” = sal. 15x in OT. Perhaps from salal (to lift up, build, pile, extol, exalt; can also be used for opposing as a dam holds back water). This is a woven basket.

^HHHH “sorts” = maakal. From akal (to eat, devour, burn up, or otherwise consume; eating in a literal or figurative sense). This is food, something edible.
^IIII “food” = maaseh. Related to “do” in v14. From asah (see note SSS above). This is a word – any action whether positive or negative. It can also be a transaction, construction, activity, property, or something that is produced.
^JJJJ “birds” = oph. From uph (to fly, flee, shine, be weary, be faint). This is a flying creature.
^KKKK “eating” = akal. Related to “sorts” in v17. See note HHHH above.

^LLLL “answered” = anah. This is answer, respond, announce, sing, shout, or testify. It means to pay attention, which implies responding and, by extension, starting to talk. Used in a specific sense for singing, shouting, testifying, etc.
^MMMM “hang” = talah. This is to hang or suspend. It can also be used for hanging someone on gallows.
^NNNN “pole” = ets. Perhaps from atsah (to shut, fasten, firm up, to close one’s eyes). This is tree or other things related to trees like wood, sticks, or stalks. It can also refer to wood products like a plank or staff or gallows. Additionally, this can refer to a carpenter.
^OOOO “flesh” = basar. From basar (being a messenger, publish, carry preach; properly, this is being fresh, rosy or cheerful as one bearing news). This is flesh, the body, fat, skin, self, nakedness, humankind, or kin. It can also refer to private parts.

^PPPP “third” = shelishi. Related to “three” in v10. From the same as shalosh (see note VV above). This is third or one-third.
^QQQQ “birthday” = yom + yalad. Yom is the same as “time” in v4. See note X above. Yalad is to bear or bring forth. It can mean to act as midwife or to show one’s lineage. This is often used for birth or begetting.
^RRRR “made” = asah. Same as “do” in v14. See note SSS above.
^SSSS “feast” = mishteh. From shathah (to drink literally or figuratively; a drinker). This is drink or the act of drinking. So it is a feast or banquet, as occasions with drinking.
^TTTT “servants” = ebed. From abad (to work, serve, compel; any kind of work; used causatively, can mean to enslave or keep in bondage). This is a servant, slave, or bondservant.

^UUUU “among” = tavek. This is among, middle, in the midst, the center. Perhaps, properly, to sever.
^VVVV “hand” = kaph. Same as “hand” in v11. See note HHH above.
^WWWW “forgot” = shakach. This is to forget or mislay – it is not knowing because of forgetfulness or inattentiveness.