1 Kings 17:8-24

^I “word” = dabar. From dabar (to speak, declare, discuss). This is speech, a word, a matter, an affair, charge, command, message, promise, purpose, report, request. It is a word, which implies things that are spoken of in a wide sense.
^II “Lord” = YHVH. Related to “came” in v8. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (see note III below). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.
^III “came” = hayah. This is to be or become, to happen.
^IV “saying” = amar. This is to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report.

^V “go now” = qum + halak. Qum is to arise, stand, accomplish, establish, abide. This is rising as in rising against, getting up after being sick or asleep, arising from one state to another, becoming powerful, or rising for action. It can also be standing in a figurative sense. Halak is go, come, walk. It is walk literally and figuratively and includes people and animals. It can be used figuratively for one’s moral life – how we walk according to God’s way or against it. It can also refer to the walk of life as in the course one’s life takes, the choices we make, etc.
^VI “Zarephath” = Tsarephath. 3x in OT. From tsaraph (to refine, smalt, or fuse metal; the smelter, goldsmith, or silversmith; figuratively, refine in a literal or figurative sense – to test or try, make pure). This is Zarephath or Tsarephath, a place whose name means “melting place” or “refinement” or “blast furnace” or “workshop for smelting and refining metals.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Zarephath.html
^VII “Sidon” = Tsidon. From Phoenician tsydon (Sidon; probably meaning fishery or fishing town). This is Sidon – a city in Phoenicia. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sidon & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidon

^VIII “live” = yashab. This is to sit and so to remain and so to dwell. It is sitting for any reason – as a judge, in order to ambush, or just sitting quietly. Causatively, this can mean settling or marrying. This can also mean continue, endure, or establish.
^IX {untranslated} = hinneh. From hen (lo! Behold! If, though; an expression of surprise). This is to draw attention, show suddenness or surprise, or to emphasize the importance of the coming statement. See! Lo! Behold!
^X “commanded” = tsavah. This is to charge, command, order, appoint, or enjoin. This is the root that the Hebrew word for “commandment” comes from (mitsvah).

^XI {untranslated} = ishshah. From ish (man); perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is woman, wife, or female.
^XII “widow” = almanah. Related to alman (widowed); from alam (to be silent, bound). This is a widow or a house that is desolate.
^XIII “feed” = kul. This is to hold in. So, it can be to contain, measure, guide, or feed. It can also mean to be able to or sustain.

^XIV “set out” = qum. Same as “go now” in v9. See note V above.
^XV “went” = halak. Same as “go now” in v9. See note V above.
^XVI “came” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^XVII “gate” = pethach. From pathach (to open wide in a literal or figurative sense; to open, draw out, let something go free, break forth, to plow, engrave, or carve). This is any kind of opening – a door, entrance, gate.
^XVIII “town” = iyr. From uwr (to awaken or wake oneself up). This can mean excitement in the sense of wakefulness or city. Properly, this is a place that is guarded. Guards kept schedules according to watches. This sense of the word would include cities as well as encampments or posts that were guarded.

^XIX {untranslated} = hinneh. Same as {untranslated} in v9. See note IX above.
^XX {untranslated} = ishshah. Same as {untranslated} in v9. See note XI above.
^XXI “gathering” = qashash. 8x in OT. This is to gather or forage, generally either sticks or straw.
^XXII “sticks” = ets. Perhaps from atsah (to shut, fasten, firm up, to close one’s eyes). This is tree or other things related to trees like wood, sticks, or stalks. It can also refer to wood products like a plank or staff or gallows. Additionally, this can refer to a carpenter.
^XXIII “called” = qara. This is to call or call out – to call someone by name. Also used more broadly for calling forth.

^XXIV “bring” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^XXV {untranslated} = na. This particle is used for requests or for urging. It can be we pray, now, I ask you, oh. This is the same “na” in “hosanna.”
^XXVI “little” = me’at. From ma’at (being or becoming small, decrease, diminish, pare off). This is a little or few, lightly little while, very small matter.

^XXVII “water” = mayim. This is water, waters, or waterway in a general sense. Figuratively, it can also mean juice, urine, or semen.
^XXVIII “vessel” = keli. From kalah (to end, be finished, complete, prepare, consume, spent, or completely destroyed). This is something that was prepared – any implement, utensil, article, vessel, weapon, or instrument. Also includes jewels, weapons, bags, carriages, and furniture.
^XXIX “drink” = shathah. This is to drink literally or figuratively. It could also be a drinker.

^XXX “going” = halak. Same as “go now” in v9. See note V above.
^XXXI {untranslated} = na. Same as {untranslated} in v10. See note XXV above.
^XXXII “morsel” = path. 15x in OT. From pathath (to crumble, open, break). This is a piece, morsel, or fragment.
^XXXIII “bread” = lechem. From lacham (to eat, feed on). This is bread, food, loaf. It can refer to food more generally for people or for animals.
^XXXIV “hand” = yad. This is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.

^XXXV “God” = Elohim.
^XXXVI “lives” = chay. From chayah (to live or keep alive literally or figuratively). This is alive, living, lifetime. It can also be used to describe someone’s age. It can refer to animals, plants, water, or a company or congregation of people. It is life in a very broad sense.
^XXXVII “have” = yesh. This is being, existence, or substance.
^XXXVIII “baked” = maog. 2x in OT. From the same as uggah (bread cake, round ash cake); perhaps from ug (to gyrate, bake; baking a round cake). This is a cake, bread, feast, parasite.

^XXXIX “handful” = melo + kaph. Melo is from male (fill, satisfy, replenish, accomplish, fulfill, confirm, or consecrate; fill in a literal or figurative sense). This is fullness in a literal or figurative sense. Kaph is from kaphaph (to bend – from a root meaning curve or bend down). This is palm of the hand or sole of the foot, footstep, grasp. Figuratively, it can also mean power.
^XL “meal” = qemach. 15x in OT. Root perhaps meaning to grind. This is something ground, such as flour, meal, or grain.
^XLI “jar” = kad. 18x in OT– 9x in Genesis 24 re: Isaac meeting Rebekah, 4x in Judges 7 of the empty jars that Gideon’s men had; 3x in 1 Kings 17 of the jar belonging to the widow of Zarephath, 1x in 1 Kings 18 of the jars filled with water as part of Elijah’s contest with the priests of Baal, and 1x in Ecclesiastes 12 regarding an extended metaphor of youth and old age – here a broken pitcher. This is a jar, pitcher, bowl, or pail. The root might mean to deepen. It is a vessel made of clay – earthenware, used domestically.

^XLII “oil” = shemen. From shamen (to shine, which implies being oily, growing fat). This is fat, oil, grease, olive oil – often with perfume. Used figuratively for fertile, lavish, rich.
^XLIII “jug” = tsappachath. 7x in OT. This is jar, cruse, or saucer.
^XLIV {untranslated} = hen. Related to {untranslated} in v9. See note IX above.
^XLV “couple” = shenayim. From sheni (double, again, another, second); from shanah (to fold, repeat, double, alter, or disguise). This is two, both, second, couple.
^XLVI “go home” = bo. Same as “came” in v10. See note XVI above.

^XLVII “prepare” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.
^XLVIII “son” = ben. From banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense.
^XLIX “eat” = akal. This is to eat, devour, burn up, or otherwise consume. It can be eating in a literal or figurative sense.
^L “die” = mut. This is to die in a literal or figurative sense. It can also refer to being a dead body.

^LI “Elijah” = Eliyyah. Related to “God” in v12 & to “came” and “Lord” in v8. From El (see note XXXV above) + Yah (the shortened form of the name of the God of Israel; God, Lord); {from YHVH (see note II above)}. This is Elijah, meaning “The Lord is God.”
^LII “be afraid” = yare. This is to fear, be afraid, dreadful. It can also refer to fearful reverence – to fear in a moral sense is to say to revere, respect.
^LIII “go” = bo. Same as “came” in v10. See note XVI above.
^LIV “do” = asah. Same as “prepare” in v12. See note XLVII above.
^LV “said” = dabar. Same as “word” in v8. See note I above.

^LVI “but” = ak. Related to aken (surely, truly, nevertheless); from kun (properly, in a perpendicular position; literally, to establish, fix, fasten, prepare; figuratively, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous). This is a positive statement – surely, also, certainly, alone, only.
^LVII “first” = rishon. From rishah (beginning or early time); from rosh (head, captain, or chief; excellent or the forefront; first in position or in statue or in time). This is first, former, ancestor, beginning, ranked first.
^LVIII “make” = asah. Same as “prepare” in v12. See note XLVII above.

^LIX “little” = qatan. From quwt (grieved, cut off, to detest). This is least, small, young, little one. It is literally smaller whether in amount or size. Figuratively it is smaller in the sense of younger or less important.
^LX “cake” = uggah. Related to “baked” in v12. 7x in OT. See note XXXVIII above.
^LXI “bring” = yatsa. This is to go or come out, bring forth, appear. It is to go out in a literal or figurative sense.
^LXII “afterward” = acharon. From achar (to be behind, delay, be late, procrastinate, continue). This is end, last, coming behind, to loiter, later. It can also refer to the west.

^LXIII “thus” = koh. Perhaps from ki (that, for when, certainly) + hu (he, she, it). This is like this, thus, here, now.
^LXIV “says” = amar. Same as “saying” in v8. See note IV above.
^LXV “Israel” = Yisrael. Related to “God” in v12 & “Elijah” in v13. From sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (see note XXXV above). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.

^LXVI “emptied” = kalah. Related to “vessel” in v10. See note XXVIII above.
^LXVII “fail” = chaser. This is to lack, abate, have need of, bereave, fail.
^LXVIII “day” = yom. Root may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.
^LXIX “sends” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.

^LXX “rain” = geshem. Perhaps from gasham (to rain). This is rain, shower, or rainy. It can be used figuratively for blessing or for destruction.
^LXXI {untranslated} = paneh. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.
^LXXII “earth” = adamah. From the same as adam (man, humankind); perhaps from ‘adom (to be red). This is ground, earth, soil as red, or land.

^LXXIII “went” = halak. Same as “go now” in v9. See note V above.
^LXXIV “said” = dabar. Same as “word” in v8. See note I above.
^LXXV “household” = bayit. Related to “son” in v12. Probably from banah (see note XLVIII above). This is house, court, family, palace, temple.
^LXXVI “fail” = chaser. Related to “fail” in v14. 19x in OT. From chaser (see note LXVII above). This is needy, lacking, without, void, or destitute. This is “I shall not want” from Psalm 23:1.
^LXXVII “spoke” = dabar. Related to “word” in v8. See note I above.
^LXXVIII {untranslated} = yad. Same as “hand” in v11. See note XXXIV above.

^LXXIX {untranslated} = hayah. Same as “came” in v8. See note III above.
^LXXX “after” = achar. Related to “afterward” in v13. From achar (see note LXII above). This is after or the last part, following.
^LXXXI {untranslated} = dabar. Same as “word” in v8. See note I above.
^LXXXII “woman” = ishshah. Same as {untranslated} in v9. See note XI above.

^LXXXIII “mistress” = baalah. 4x in OT. From baal (lord, owner, spouse). This is a mistress.
^LXXXIV “house” = bayit. Same as “household” in v15. See note LXXV above.
^LXXXV “became ill” = chalah. Properly, this is to be worn; hence, being weak, sick, or afflicted. It can also mean to grieve or, positively, to flatter or entreat.

^LXXXVI “illness” = choli. Related to “became ill” in v17. From chalah (see note LXXXV above). This is sickness, affliction, grief, worry, or calamity.
^LXXXVII “was” = hayah. Same as “came” in v8. See note III above.
^LXXXVIII “so” = meod. Perhaps from the same as uwd (firebrand, a poker). This is very, greatly, exceedingly. It can also mean vehemence, force, abundance.

^LXXXIX “severe” = chazaq. From chazaq (to strengthen, seize, be courageous, repair, bind, heal, conquer, harden). This is strong, hard, powerful, loud, bold, violent, impudent. It is usually strong in a negative sense.
^XC “breath” = neshamah. From nasham (to blow away, pant, gasp). This is a breath or blast – a puff like of wind. It is also a spirit or soul or divine inspiration or intellect. It could also be an animal. This is the word used for the breath of life when humanity was created in Genesis 2:7.
^XCI “was…left” = yathar. This is to jut over, remain behind, preserve, to excel. It can be to leave or to be in abundance.

^XCII “said” = amar. Same as “saying” in v8. See note IV above.
^XCIII “man” = ish. Related to {untranslated} in v9. See note XI above.
^XCIV “come” = bo. Same as “came” in v10. See note XVI above.
^XCV “sin” = avon. Perhaps related to avah (to bend, twist, be amiss). This is sin, mischief, guilt, fault, punishment for iniquity, or moral evil.
^XCVI “bring…to remembrance” = zakar. This is to remember, to mark something so that it can be recalled, to be mindful of, to mention.
^XCVII “cause the death” = mut. Same as “die” in v12. See note L above.

^XCVIII “said” = amar. Same as “saying” in v8. See note IV above.
^XCIX “give” = natan. Same as “sends” in v14. See note LXIX above.
^C “took” = laqach. Same as “bring” in v10. See note XXIV above.
^CI “bosom” = cheq. Root may mean to enclose. This is bosom in a literal or figurative sense. So, this could be arms, lap, or midst. It can also be care or cherish.
^CII “carried…up” = alah. This is to go up, approach, ascend, be high, be a priority; to arise in a literal or figurative sense.

^CIII “upper chamber” = aliyyah. Related to “carried…up” in v19. 19x in OT. From alah (see note CII above). This is a lofty place. So, it could be stairs, an upstairs room, or a chamber on the roof. It could also be an ascent or the sky.
^CIV “lodging” = yashab. Same as “live” in v9. See note VIII above.
^CV “laid” = shakab. This is to lie down, lodge. It is lying for sleep, sex, or other reasons.
^CVI “bed” = mittah. From natah (to stretch or spread out, extend, bend). This is a couch or bed that is spread out to sleep on or for eating. It can also refer to a litter or a bier.

^CVII “cried out” = qara. Same as “called” in v10. See note XXIII above.
^CVIII “Lord” = YHVH. Related to “came” and “Lord” in v8 & “Elijah” in v13. From the same as YHVH (see note II above). This is a secondary spelling of the Lord, the name of the God of Israel. It has the same meaning.
^CIX {untranslated} = amar. Same as “saying” in v8. See note IV above.
^CX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v20. See note CVIII above.

^CXI “brought calamity” = ra’a’. This is to be evil, bad, afflict. Properly, it means to spoil – to destroy by breaking into pieces. Figuratively, it is to cause something to be worthless. It is bad in a physical, social, or moral sense – something that displeases, does harm or mischief, punishes or vexes.
^CXII “staying” = gur. Properly, this is the act of turning off the road for any reason. So, it means sojourning, becoming a guest. It can mean being fearful since one is outside of home territory. It can also mean dwelling, living, or inhabiting if one has turned off the root to encamp for a longer duration. This word is where the Hebrew “ger” comes from, which is the word translated “stranger” or “resident alien.”
^CXIII “killing” = mut. Same as “die” in v12. See note L above.

^CXIV “stretched” = madad. This is to measure, stretch, be extended, continue.
^CXV “child” = yeled. From yalad (to bear, bring forth; can mean to act as midwife or to show one’s lineage). This is something born – so, offspring, youth, fruit. It is the same word used in Isaiah 9:6 “for a child will be born to us.”
^CXVI “three” = shalosh. This is three, fork, three times.
^CXVII “times” = paam. From paam (to move, trouble; to tap in a regular rhythm; to agitate). This is a beat, stroke, footstep, or occurrence.
^CXVIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v8. See note II above.
^CXIX {untranslated} = amar. Same as “saying” in v8. See note IV above.

^CXX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v8. See note II above.
^CXXI {untranslated} = na. Same as {untranslated} in v10. See note XXV above.
^CXXII “life” = nephesh. Related to naphash (to refresh or be refreshed). This is soul, self, person, emotion. It is a breathing creature. Can also refer to appetites and desires.
^CXXIII {untranslated} = qereb. Perhaps from qarab (to come near or approach). This is among, in the midst, before, the center It is the inward part, whether literal or figurative. It can also be used for the heart, the site of thoughts and feelings. This word is also used as a technical term for the entrails of the animals who are sacrificed.
^CXXIV “come…again” = shub. To turn back, return, turn away – literally or figuratively. Doesn’t necessarily imply going back to where you started from. This is also the root verb for the Hebrew word for repentance “teshubah.”

^CXXV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v8. See note II above.
^CXXVI “listened” = shama. This is to hear, call, consent, or consider. It implies listening intelligently, giving attention, and, because of these two factors, obedience and action are often implied.
^CXXVII “voice” = qol. This is a sound, used often for human voices. Also used when God speaks or angels, animals or instruments. It can be a cry or a noise, thunder or earthquakes and so on.

^CXXVIII “life” = nephesh. Same as “life” in v21. See note CXXII above.
^CXXIX {untranslated} = qereb. Same as {untranslated} in v21. See note CXXIII above.
^CXXX “came…again” = shub. Same as “come…again” in v21. See note CXXIV above.
^CXXXI “revived” = chayah. Related to “lives” in v12. See note XXXVI above.

^CXXXII “brought…down” = yarad. This is to go down, descend; going down in a literal or figurative sense. It can be going to the shore or a boundary, bringing down an enemy.
^CXXXIII “mother” = em. This is a mother as binding a family together or a breeding female animal. It could be mother in a literal or figurative sense.
^CXXXIV “said” = amar. Same as “saying” in v8. See note IV above.
^CXXXV “see” = raah. This is to see in a literal or figurative sense so stare, advise, think, view.
^CXXXVI “alive” = chay. Same as “lives” in v12. See note XXXVI above.

^CXXXVII “said” = amar. Same as “saying” in v8. See note IV above.
^CXXXVIII “now” = attah. Perhaps from et (a period or season; whenever or continually); probably from anah (to answer, sing, announce); from ad (forever, all, old); from adah (to pass on, advance, decorate oneself). This is now, from now on.
^CXXXIX “know” = yada. This is to know, acknowledge, advise, answer, be aware, be acquainted with. Properly, this is to figure something out by seeing. It includes ideas of observation, recognition, and care about something. It can be used causatively for instruction, designation, and punishment.

^CXL “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v8. See note II above.
^CXLI “mouth” = peh. This is mouth in a literal or figurative sense. So, more literally, it can be beak or jaws. More figuratively, it refers to speech, commands, or promises.
^CXLII “truth” = emet. From aman (to believe, endure, fulfill, confirm, support, be faithful, put one’s trust in, be steadfast. Figuratively, this is to be firm, steadfast, or faithful, trusting, believing, being permanent, morally solid). This is firmness or stability. Figuratively, it is faithfulness, truth, or trustworthiness. This is the same root that “amen” comes from.