1 Samuel 15

^I “Samuel” = Shemuel. From shem (name, fame, renown; indicating something essential about a person; honor, authority, or character); {may be from sum (to put, place, set)} + El (God, a god) OR from shama (hear, call, consent, or consider; implies listening intelligently, giving attention; obedience and action are often implied) + El (God, a god).This is Samuel meaning either the “name of God” or “heard of God.”
^II “said” = amar. This is to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report.
^III “Saul” = Shaul. From shaal (to ask, inquire, beg, borrow, desire, request; can also mean demand). This is Saul or Shaul, meaning “asked of the Lord.”

^IV “Lord” = YHVH. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (to come to pass, become, be). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.
^V “sent” = shalach. This is to send out, away, send for, forsake. It can also mean to divorce or set a slave free.
^VI “anoint” = mashach. This is smear, paint, spread, or paint. It can also be to rub with oil or, otherwise stated, to anoint. This implies a consecration. This root verb is where the word “messiah” comes from.
^VII “king” = melek. From malak (to be or become king or queen, to rise to the throne, to be crowned; by implication, to take counsel). This is king or royal.

^VIII “people” = am. From amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together). This is people or nation. It can be used specifically for a tribe, collectively of troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals.
^IX “Israel” = Yisrael. Related to “Samuel” in v1. From sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (see note I above). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.
^X “now therefore” = attah. Perhaps from et (a period or season; whenever or continually); probably from anah (to answer, sing, announce); from ad (forever, all, old); from adah (to pass on, advance, decorate oneself). This is now, from now on.

^XI “listen” = shama. Related to “Samuel” in v1. See note I above.
^XII {untranslated} = qol. This is a sound, used often for human voices. Also used when God speaks or angels, animals or instruments. It can be a cry or a noise, thunder or earthquakes and so on.
^XIII “words” = dabar. From dabar (to speak, declare, discuss). This is speech, a word, a matter, an affair, charge, command, message, promise, purpose, report, request. It is a word, which implies things that are spoken of in a wide sense.

^XIV “hosts” = tsaba. From tsaba (to wage war, serve, assemble, fight, perform, muster, wait on). This is a large group of persons (used figuratively for a group of things). It implies a campaign literally as with army, war, warfare, battle, company, soldiers. Can also be used figuratively for hardship or for worship.
^XV “punish” = paqad. This is to attend to or visit – can be used for a friendly or violent encounter. So, it can be to oversee, care for, avenge, or charge.
^XVI “Amalekites” = Amaleq. Perhaps from amal (to work – hard labor) OR from am (people or nation; a tribe, troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals); {from amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together)} + laqaq (to lap, lick) OR from am (see above) + malaq (to wring, nip; to remove a bird’s head). This is Amalek or Amalekite. It may mean “people that wring,” “people that lap,” “nippers,” or “lickers.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Amalekite.html & https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Amalek.html

^XVII “did” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.
^XVIII “opposing” = sim. Related to “Samuel” in v1. See note I above.
^XIX {untranslated} = derek. From darak (to tread, march, to walk. Can also mean affixing a string to a box since one needs to step on it to bend it in the process; so also an archer). This is a road as a thing that is walked on. Can be used figuratively for the path that one’s life takes or how one chooses to live one’s life.
^XX “came up” = alah. This is to go up, approach, ascend, be high, be a priority; to arise in a literal or figurative sense.
^XXI “Egypt” = Mitsrayim. Perhaps from matsor (besieged or fortified place, bulwark, entrenchment; something hemmed in; a siege or distress or fastness); from tsur (to confine, besiege, to cramp). This is Egypt.

^XXII “go” = halak. This is go, come, walk. It is walk literally and figuratively and includes people and animals. It can be used figuratively for one’s moral life – how we walk according to God’s way or against it. It can also refer to the walk of life as in the course one’s life takes, the choices we make, etc.
^XXIII “attack” = nakah. This is to hit whether lightly or severely. It can be used in a literal or figurative sense. So, this could be beat, punish, give wounds, kill, or slaughter.
^XXIV “Amalek” = Amaleq. Same as “Amalekites” in v2. See note XVI above.
^XXV “utterly destroy” = charam. This is to ban, destroy, devote, seclude. It is to dedicate to a religious purpose, often for destruction.
^XXVI “all” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.

^XXVII “spare” = chamal. This is to spare, commiserate, show compassion.
^XXVIII “kill” = mut. This is to die in a literal or figurative sense. It can also refer to being a dead body.
^XXIX “man” = ish. Perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is man, husband, another, or humankind.
^XXX “woman” = ishshah. Related to “man” in v3. From ish (see note XXIX above). This is woman, wife, or female.
^XXXI “child” = olel. Perhaps from uwl (to nurse, suckle; can also be used of a suckling lamb). This is a child or infant.
^XXXII “infant” = yanaq. This is to suckle or to nurse. In a causative sense, it can mean to give milk. So, this word can be used for a nursing mother or for her suckling child.

^XXXIII “ox” = shor. Perhaps from shur (to travel, turn, journey; travelling like a prostitute or a merchant). This is bull, ox, head of cattle, cow.
^XXXIV “sheep” = seh. Perhaps from sha’ah (to make a loud noise or crash, devastate, rush). This is a lamb, sheep, or goat – a part of a flock.
^XXXV “camel” = gamal. From gamal (how one deals with someone whether positively or negatively – so to reward, requite; to wean or the work that goes into something ripening). This is a camel as an animal of labor or one that bears burdens. The English word “camel” is from a Semitic source, perhaps Hebrew or others.
^XXXVI “donkey” = chamor. From chamar (to be red, blush). This is a male donkey.

^XXXVII “summoned” = shama. Same as “listen” in v1. See note XI above.
^XXXVIII “numbered” = paqad. Same as “punish” in v2. See note XV above.
^XXXIX “Telaim” = Telaim. 1x in OT. From tela (lamb); {from the same as taleh (a lamb) or tala (to patch, to cover with bits or fragments; spotted or having several different colors like a tapestry)}. This is Telaim, a place whose name means “little lambs” or “young lambs” or “spotted ones.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Telaim.html
^XL “hundred” = meah. This is hundred or some number times one hundred (i.e. hundredfold or the base of two hundred, three hundred, etc.).
^XLI “thousand” = eleph. Perhaps from the same as eleph (herd, cattle); from alaph (to learn, speak, associate with). This is thousand.

^XLII “foot soldiers” = ragli. 12x in OT. From the same as regel (foot, endurance, or journey; a foot as the means of walking and so it implies a step or a greater journey; can euphemistically mean private parts). This is on foot or a soldier (as one who goes on foot).
^XLIII “ten” = eser. Perhaps from asar (to tithe, render a tenth of). This is ten or -teen. While 7 is symbolically the number of perfection, ten is also symbolically a number of perfection (but to a lesser degree than 7 is).
^XLIV “soldiers” = ish. Same as “man” in v3. See note XXIX above.
^XLV “Judah” = Yehudah. Probably from yadah (to throw one’s hands into the air in a gesture of praise); from yad (hand). This is Judah, meaning “praised.”

^XLVI “came” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^XLVII “city” = iyr. From uwr (to awaken or wake oneself up). This can mean excitement in the sense of wakefulness or city. Properly, this is a place that is guarded. Guards kept schedules according to watches. This sense of the word would include cities as well as encampments or posts that were guarded.
^XLVIII “lay in wait” = rib. This is properly to toss or grapple. It is used figuratively to mean wrangling and so for arguments, complaints, or disputes. It is used in a legal setting for pleading or defending a case.
^XLIX “valley” = nachal. From nachal (to take as heritage, inherit, or distribute). This is a river or stream. It could be a wadi or arroyo – sometimes a narrow valley with no water at all, but in strong rains or when winter snow melts, it swells or floods with water.

^L “Kenites” = Qeni. 13x in OT. From Qayin (Cain, the name or Kenite – the people or their territory; meaning “spear,” “smith,” “acquisition,” or “political leader.”); from the same as qayin (spear); from qun (to chant a lament, to play a musical note). This is Kenite. It may mean “nestling,” “people of the spear,” or “senatorial.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Cain.html & https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Kenite.html
^LI “leave” = sur. This is to turn aside in a literal or figurative sense – to depart, decline, rebel, remove, or withdraw.
^LII “withdraw” = yarad. This is to go down, descend; going down in a literal or figurative sense. It can be going to the shore or a boundary, bringing down an enemy.
^LIII “among” = tavek. This is among, middle, in the midst, the center. Perhaps, properly, to sever.
^LIV “Amalekites” = Amaleqi. Related to “Amalekites” in v2. 12x in OT. From Amaleq (see note XVI above). This is Amalekite, perhaps meaning “people that wring,” “people that lap,” “nippers,” or “lickers.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Amalekite.html & https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Amalek.html

^LV “or” = pen. Perhaps from panah (to turn, face, appear). This is lest, if, or.
^LVI “destroy” = asaph. This is to gather, assemble, or bring. It can also mean to take away, destroy, or remove.
^LVII “showed” = asah. Same as “did” in v2. See note XVII above.
^LVIII “kindness” = chesed. From chasad (being good, kind, merciful; may mean bowing one’s neck as is done in the presence of an equal for courtesy’s sake; so, if one in a superior position is treating you like an equal, that is what is captured here). This is favor, goodness, kindness, loving kindness, pity, reproach, or a good deed. When done by God to humanity, this is mercy/loving kindness. When done by humanity to God, it is piety.
^LIX “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Literally, “children of Israel.” Ben is from banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense. Yisrael is the same as “Israel” in v1. See note IX above.

^LX “withdrew” = sur. Same as “leave” in v6. See note LI above.
^LXI “from” = tavek. Same as “among” in v6. See note LIII above.
^LXII “Amalekites” = Amaleq. Same as “Amalekites” in v2. See note XVI above.
^LXIII “defeated” = nakah. Same as “attack” in v3. See note XXIII above.
^LXIV “Amalekites” = Amaleq. Same as “Amalekites” in v2. See note XVI above.

^LXV “Havilah” = Chavilah. 7x in OT. Perhaps from chul (whirling around so dancing as in a circle or writhing in pain; used particularly for the pain of childbirth or from writhing due to fear; can also be falling in pain or waiting). This is Havilah or Chavilah. It is a personal name as well as a place name whose location is not known. It may mean “circular.”
^LXVI “as far as” = bo. Same as “came” in v5. See note XLVI above.
^LXVII “Shur” = Shur. Related to “ox” in v3. 6x in OT. Perhaps from shur (see note XXXIII above) OR from shur (to excite, to rise up). This is Sur, a desert place in eastern Egypt. It may mean “wall,” “bull,” or “fortification.”  See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Shur.html 
^LXVIII “east” = paneh. Related to “or” in v6. From panah (see note LV above). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.

^LXIX “took” = taphas. This is to catch, seize, wield, capture. It can also mean to use unwarrantably.
^LXX “Agag” = Agag. 8x in OT. From the same as Age (Age, Agee) OR from agag (to flame) OR from gag (rooftop). This is Agag, meaning “flame” or “blazing” or “rooftop” or “apex” or “violent” or “very sublime.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Agag.html
^LXXI “Amalekites” = Amaleq. Same as “Amalekites” in v2. See note XVI above.
^LXXII “alive” = chay. From chayah (to live or keep alive literally or figuratively). This is alive, living, lifetime. It can also be used to describe someone’s age. It can refer to animals, plants, water, or a company or congregation of people. It is life in a very broad sense.
^LXXIII “edge” = peh. This is mouth in a literal or figurative sense. So, more literally, it can be beak or jaws. More figuratively, it refers to speech, commands, or promises.
^LXXIV “sword” = chereb. From charab (to attack, slay). This is any sharp instrument like a sword, dagger, axe, or mattock.

^LXXV “best” = metab. 6x in OT. From yatab (to be good or pleasing, joyful; doing good in an ethical sense or to be beautiful, happy, successful, or right). This is the best part.
^LXXVI “sheep” = tson. This is a flock of sheep and goats.
^LXXVII “cattle” = baqar. From baqar (to plow, break forth; figuratively, to inquire, inspect, consider). This is cattle – an animal used for plowing.
^LXXVIII “fatted calves” = mishneh. From shanah (to fold, repeat, double, alter, or disguise). This is double, second, next, duplicate. It can also be second in rank or age.
^LXXIX “lambs” = kar. 16x in OT. From karar (to dance, whirl). This is a ram, battering ram, lamb, pasture for sheep, camel’s saddle.

^LXXX “valuable” = tob. From tob (to be pleasing, to be good). This is good, beautiful, pleasant, agreeable, bountiful, at ease. This word is used for goodness as a concept, a good thing, a good person. This can refer to prosperity and welfare as well as joy, kindness, sweetness, and graciousness. So, this is ethically good, but also enjoyably good.
^LXXXI “would” = abah. This is to breathe after, be willing, obey, accept, be content with, satisfy.
^LXXXII {untranslated} = melakah. From the same as malak (messenger, an angel, or a deputy; human messengers literally or for prophets, priests, or teachers as messengers of God; also supernatural messengers i.e. angels). Properly, this is a deputyship or some kind of work. It can also be the product that comes from labor.
^LXXXIII “despised” = bazah. This is to despise, hold in contempt, disesteem, or a person who is vile.
^LXXXIV “worthless” = masas. This is to melt, discourage, faint. It can be to deteriorate from a sickness or weaken because of sleepiness or an emotional response.

^LXXXV “came” = hayah. Related to “Lord” in v1. See note IV above.
^LXXXVI {untranslated} = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^LXXXVII “regret” = nacham. Properly, this is a strong breath or a sigh. This can be to be sorry, to pity, console. Comfort, or repent. But, one can also comfort oneself with less righteous thoughts, so this can also mean to avenge oneself.
^LXXXVIII “made” = malak. Related to “king” in v1. See note VII above.

^LXXXIX “turned back” = shub. To turn back, return, turn away – literally or figuratively. Doesn’t necessarily imply going back to where you started from. This is also the root verb for the Hebrew word for repentance “teshubah.”
^XC “following” = achar. From achar (to remain behind, linger, continue, be behind, or delay; can also imply procrastination). This is after or the last part, following.
^XCI “carried out” = qum. To arise, stand, accomplish, establish, abide. This is rising as in rising against, getting up after being sick or asleep, arising from one state to another, becoming powerful, or rising for action. It can also be standing in a figurative sense.
^XCII “commands” = dabar. Same as “words” in v1. See note XIII above.

^XCIII “was angry” = charah. Perhaps related to charar (to be hot, burn, glow, melt, be scorched; figuratively, to incite passion, be angry). This is to be displeased, burn with anger, glow, become warn. Figuratively it is a blaze of anger, zeal, or jealousy.
^XCIV “cried out” = zaaq. This is to cry or call out. It can be a call to assemble or gather together. By analogy, this could refer to a herald who announces a public gathering. It could also be a shriek from pain or danger.
^XCV “night” = layil. Properly, this refers to light twisting away. It is used for night or midnight. Figuratively, this can mean adversity.

^XCVI “rose early” = shakam. This is leaning one’s shoulder into a burden or load, whether a person or an animal. Thus, it meant starting or rising early.
^XCVII “morning” = boqer. Related to “cattle” in v9. From baqar (see note LXXVII above). This refers to the break of day. So it is dawn, early, morning, or morrow.
^XCVIII “meet” = qara. This is to meet, befall, happen upon. It can be to encounter by chance or for aggression.
^XCIX “told” = nagad. This is to declare, make conspicuous, stand in front, manifest, predict, explain.
^C {untranslated} = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^CI “went” = bo. Same as “came” in v5. See note XLVI above.
^CII “Carmel” = Karmel. From the same as kerem (vineyard, garden, vines, or a vintage). This is Carmel, a city whose name means “fruitful plentiful field” or “plantation” or “orchard” or “garden.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Carmel.html

^CIII {untranslated} = hinneh. From hen (lo! Behold! If, though; an expression of surprise). This is to draw attention, show suddenness or surprise, or to emphasize the importance of the coming statement. See! Lo! Behold!
^CIV “set up” = natsab. This is to station, appoint, establish, take a stand.
^CV “monument” = yad. This is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.
^CVI “returning” = sabab. This is turning around, going around; to surround, cast, walk, fetch. It is to revolve or border in a literal or figurative sense.
^CVII “passed on down” = abar + yarad. Abar is to pass over or cross over. It is used for transitions, whether literal or figurative. It can also mean to escape, alienate, or fail. This is the root verb from which “Hebrew” is drawn. Yarad is the same as “withdraw” in v6. See note LII above.
^CVIII “Gilgal” = Gilgal. From galgal (wheel, wagon, whirl, whirlwind; something that rolls); from galal (to roll, roll away, wallow, commit, remove; rolling in a literal or figurative sense). This is Gilgal – perhaps circle of stones.

^CIX “came” = bo. Same as “came” in v5. See note XLVI above.
^CX “blessed” = barak. This is to kneel, to bless. It is blessing God as part of worship and adoration or blessing humans to help them. It can be used as a euphemism to say curse God.
^CXI “bleating” = qol. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note XII above.
^CXII “sheep” = tson. Same as “sheep” in v9. See note LXXVI above.
^CXIII “ears” = ozen. This is ear, hearing, audience, show. Properly, it is broadness – applied to its ear in reference to its shape.
^CXIV “lowing” = qol. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note XII above.
^CXV “hear” = shama. Same as “listen” in v1. See note XI above.

^CXVI “brought” = bo. Same as “came” in v5. See note XLVI above.
^CXVII “Amalekites” = Amaleqi. Same as “Amalekites” in v6. See note LIV above.
^CXVIII “sheep” = tson. Same as “sheep” in v9. See note LXXVI above.
^CXIX “to” = maan. Related to “now therefore” in v1. From anah (see note X above). This is because of, occurring because of a motive or purpose.
^CXX “sacrifice” = zabach. This is slaughtering an animal, generally for the purpose of sacrifice. It can mean kill or offer.
^CXXI “God” = Elohim. Related to “Samuel” and “Israel” in v1. See note I above.
^CXXII “rest” = yathar. This is to jut over, remain behind, preserve, to excel. It can be to leave or to be in abundance.

^CXXIII “stop” = raphah. This is to slacken in a literal or figurative sense. So, it could be to hang, be feeble, fail, drop, be helpless, relax, slink, subside, or wait.
^CXXIV “said” = dabar. Related to “words” in v1. See note XIII above.
^CXXV “replied” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^CXXVI “speak” = dabar. Same as “said” in v16. See note CXXIV above.

^CXXVII “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^CXXVIII “little” = qatan. From quwt (grieved, cut off, to detest). This is least, small, young, little one. It is literally smaller whether in amount or size. Figuratively it is smaller in the sense of younger or less important.
^CXXIX “eyes” = ayin. This is eye in a literal or figurative sense so eye, appearance, favor, or a fountain (the eye of the landscape).
^CXXX “head” = rosh. This may come a word that means to shake. It is the head, captain, or chief. It can also be excellent or the forefront. It can be first in position or in statue or in time (i.e. the beginning).
^CXXXI “tribes” = shebet. This is a rod, staff, club, scepter, dart, or tribe. Literally a stick that can be used for punishing, writing, fighting, walking, ruling; thus, used figuratively for a clan.

^CXXXII “mission” = derek. Same as {untranslated} in v2. See note XIX above.
^CXXXIII “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^CXXXIV “go” = halak. Same as “go” in v3. See note XXII above.
^CXXXV “sinners” = chatta. 19x in OT. From chata (to miss, sin, carry blame, lack). This is sinful or sinner. It is a criminal or someone who is seen as guilty.
^CXXXVI “Amalekites” = Amaleq. Same as “Amalekites” in v2. See note XVI above.
^CXXXVII “fight” = lacham. This is to eat or feed on. Figuratively, it is to battle as a kind of consumption/destruction.
^CXXXVIII “consumed” = kalah. This is to end, be finished, complete, prepare, consume, spent, or completely destroyed.

^CXXXIX “obey” = shama. Same as “listen” in v1. See note XI above.
^CXL “voice” = qol. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note XII above.
^CXLI “swoop down” = iyt. 2x in OT. This is to swoop down, to scream, to shout insults.
^CXLII “spoil” = shalal. From shalal (to plunder, loot, capture). This is spoil, prey, or plunder.
^CXLIII “evil” = ra’. From ra’a’ (to be evil, bad, afflict; properly, to spoil – to destroy by breaking into pieces; figuratively, to cause something to be worthless; this is bad in a physical, social, or moral sense; that which displeases, to do harm or mischief, to punish or vex). This is bad, disagreeable, that which causes pain, misery, something having little or no value, something that is ethically bad, wicked, injury, calamity. This refers to anything that is not what it ought to be – a natural disaster, a disfigurement, an injury, a sin.
^CXLIV “sight” = ayin. Same as “eyes” in v17. See note CXXIX above.

^CXLV “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^CXLVI “gone” = halak. Same as “go” in v3. See note XXII above.
^CXLVII “Amalekites” = Amaleq. Same as “Amalekites” in v2. See note XVI above.
^CXLVIII “took” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^CXLIX “sheep” = tson. Same as “sheep” in v9. See note LXXVI above.
^CL “best” = reshith. Related to “head” in v17. From rosh (see note CXXX above). This is beginning, first place, highest rank, chief thing.
^CLI “things devoted to destruction” = cherem. Related to “utterly destroy” in v3. From charam (see note XXV above). This is something shut in like a net. Figuratively, it refers to something that is devoted to God or under a ban, often for destruction.

^CLII “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^CLIII “delight” = chephets. From chaphets (properly, inclined towards or bending to; figuratively, to desire, delight in, or be pleased with). This is a delight, care, or pleasure. It is what you desire or what is acceptable. It can also be used concretely for a precious thing or something that one is thinking about.
^CLIV “burnt offerings” = olah. Related to “came up” in v2. From alah (see note XX above). This is a step, stairs, or some kind of ascent. It is also used for whole burnt offerings, being the offering in which the whole thing is burned and rises as smoke. Burnt offerings were the least common of the offerings: most were eaten, shared with the priest and the one bringing the offering.
^CLV “sacrifices” = zebach. Related to “sacrifice” in v15. From zabach (see note CXX above). This is a slaughter – literally of an animal. So, it implies the act or the animals used in sacrifice. Further, it can mean offering.

^CLVI “obedience” = shama. Same as “listen” in v1. See note XI above.
^CLVII “surely” = hinneh. Same as {untranslated} in v12. See note CIII above.
^CLVIII “better” = tob. Same as “valuable” in v9. See note LXXX above.
^CLIX “sacrifice” = zebach. Same as “sacrifices” in v22. See note CLV above.
^CLX “heed” = qashab. To listen, pay attention to, incline – used in the phrase incline the ears.
^CLXI “fat” = cheleb. This is fat, finest, marrow. It is fat in a literal or figurative sense. It refers to the richest or best part.
^CLXII “rams” = ayil. From the same as ul (mighty, strength, body, belly; root may mean to twist and that implies strength and power). This is strength so it is used to indicate things that are strong or powerful: political chiefs, rams, posts, trees, oaks.

^CLXIII “rebellion” = meri. From marah (to be contentious, rebellious, bitter, provoking, disobedient; to be or make bitter or unpleasant; figuratively, to rebel or resist; causatively to provoke). This is bitter – figuratively rebel or rebellion. It shares a root with Miriam and Mary.
^CLXIV “sin” = chatta’ah. Related to “sinners” in v18. From chata (see note CXXXV above). This is sin itself as well as punishment for sin. It is sometimes used specifically to refer to sin that is habitual.
^CLXV “divination” = qesem. 11x in OT. Perhaps from qasam (to conjure, divine, be a soothsayer; to determine something using lots or magical scrolls). This is a lot, oracle, divination, witchcraft, or a divine decision.

^CLXVI “stubbornness” = patsar. 7x in OT. This is to urge, press, peck at. Figuratively, it can mean to stun or refer to stubbornness.
^CLXVII “iniquity” = aven. Root may mean panting as one does when expending a lot of energy, especially when it comes to nothing. This is nothingness, trouble, sorrow, distress, wickedness, evil, harm, sorrow, misfortune, and mischief. It is also used specifically to refer to idols.
^CLXVIII “idolatry” = teraphim. 15x in OT. Perhaps from rapha (properly, to repair by stitching – figuratively to heal or cure; to make whole). This is a household idol or god. Sometimes it is simply rendered “teraphim.” It can refer to idolatry more generally. It may mean healer.
^CLXIX “because” = yaan. Related to “now therefore” in v1 & “to” in v15. From anah (see note X above). This is because, since, for the sake of, giving a reason.
^CLXX “rejected” = maas. This is to reject, refuse, despise. It can also be to disappear or melt away.

^CLXXI “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^CLXXII “sinned” = chata. Related to “sinners” in v18 & “sin” in v23. See note CXXXV above.
^CLXXIII “transgressed” = abar. Same as “passed on down” in v12. See note CVII above.
^CLXXIV “commandment” = peh. Same as “edge” in v8. See note LXXIII above.
^CLXXV “feared” = yare. This is to fear, be afraid, dreadful. It can also refer to fearful reverence – to fear in a moral sense is to say to revere, respect.

^CLXXVI “pray” = na. This particle is used for requests or for urging. It can be we pray, now, I ask you, oh. This is the same “na” in “hosanna.”
^CLXXVII “pardon” = nasa. This is to lift in a broad sense, literally and figuratively. So it could be to carry, take, or arise. It could also be bring forth, advance, accept.
^CLXXVIII “return” = shub. Same as “turned back” in v11. See note LXXXIX above.
^CLXXIX “worship” = shachah. This is to bow down, make a humble entreaty, to do homage to royalty or to God.
^CLXXX “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^CLXXXI “return” = shub. Same as “turned back” in v11. See note LXXXIX above.
^CLXXXII “being” = hayah. Same as “came” in v10. See note LXXXV above.

^CLXXXIII “turned” = sabab. Same as “returning” in v12. See note CVI above.
^CLXXXIV “go away” = halak. Same as “go” in v3. See note XXII above.
^CLXXXV “caught hold” = chazaq. This is to strengthen, seize, be courageous, repair, bind, heal, conquer, harden.
^CLXXXVI “hem” = kanaph. This is wing, edge, corner, extremity. It can also be a flap or fold of a garment or the pinnacle of a building.
^CLXXXVII “robe” = meil. From maal (to cover up; figuratively, to act in a covert or treacherous way, to be unfaithful or transgress). This is a robe, mantle, or cloak – an outer garment.
^CLXXXVIII “tore” = qara. This is to tear or cut out in a literal or figurative sense. It can also be to revile or to apply eye make up – as though they are made to look larger.

^CLXXXIX “said” = amar. This is to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report.
^CXC “kingdom” = mamlakut. Related to “king” in v1 & “made” in v11. 9x in OT. From the same as melek (see note VII above). This is kingdom, dominion, or reign.
^CXCI “day” = yom. Root may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.
^CXCII “given” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.
^CXCIII “neighbor” = rea. From raah (to associate with). This is the same as neighbor in Leviticus 19:18 “love your neighbor as yourself.” This is friend, companion, fellow, neighbor. It is someone with whom you associate, whether more or less close.

^CXCIV “moreover” = gam. This is also, moreover, again.
^CXCV “Glory” = netsach. From natsach (something that glitters from a distance or stands out, excels, has status/standing; also to be permanent or enduring). This is properly a goal or destination as the bright focus to which one journeys. It can be splendor, truthfulness, or confidence. Most often, it refers to everlastingness, always, continually.
^CXCVI “deceive” = shaqar. 6x in OT. From sheqer (deception, lie, disappointment, or thing that is vain). This is to deal falsely, generally to lie. It can be to cheat, but it usually refer to lying words.
^CXCVII “change…mind” = nacham. Same as “regret” in v11. See note LXXXVII above.
^CXCVIII “mortal” = adam. Perhaps from adam (to be red, make ruddy); related to adamah (ground, dirt, earth). This is man, humankind, also Adam’s name. It refers to a human individual or humanity.

^CXCIX “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^CC {untranslated} = na. This particle is used for requests or for urging. It can be we pray, now, I ask you, oh. This is the same “na” in “hosanna.”
^CCI “honor” = kabad. To be heavy, weighty, or severe. It can also be positive abounding in, rich, or honorable. The Hebrew word for “glory,” kabod, is taken from this root.
^CCII “before” = neged. Related to “told” in v12. From nagad (see note XCIX above). This is in front of, opposite to. It can refer to a counterpart or partner, one corresponding to or in the sight of.
^CCIII “elders” = zaqen. From the same as zaqan (beard or chin – the beard represents old age). This is old, aged, or elder.
^CCIV “return” = shub. Same as “turned back” in v11. See note LXXXIX above.

^CCV “after” = achar. Same as “following” in v11. See note XC above.
^CCVI “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^CCVII “Amalekites” = Amaleq. Same as “Amalekites” in v2. See note XVI above.
^CCVIII “bring…here” = nagash. This is to draw, bring, or come near. It is approaching for any reason – as an attack on an enemy, in order to worship, to make an argument. It can also be used as a euphemism for sex.
^CCIX “came” = halak. Same as “go” in v3. See note XXII above.
^CCX “haltingly” = maadan. 4x in OT. From the same as eden (luxury, delight, pleasure); from adan (to luxuriate).  This is a delicacy or delight.

^CCXI “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^CCXII “surely” = aken. 18x in OT. From kun (properly, in a perpendicular position; literally, to establish, fix, fasten, prepare; figuratively, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous). This is surely, truly, nevertheless.
^CCXIII “death” = mavet. Related to “kill” in v3. From mut (see note XXVIII above.). This can be death, deadliness, the dead, or the place where the dead go. It can be used figuratively for pestilence or ruin.
^CCXIV “is” = sur. Same as “leave” in v6. See note LI above.
^CCXV “bitter” = mar. From marar (to be bitter, embittered, weep, troubled). This is bitterness literal or figurative. It could be fierce, angry, or discontented.

^CCXVI “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^CCXVII “made…childless” = shakol. This is a loss from death in a literal or figurative sense. It can specifically refer to a loss of children, whether a miscarriage, being barren, or not having children more broadly.
^CCXVIII “so” = ken. Related to “surely” in v32. Perhaps from kun (see note CCXII above). This is to set upright. Generally used figuratively to mean thus, so, afterwards, rightly so.
^CCXIX “mother” = em. This is a mother as binding a family together or a breeding female animal. It could be mother in a literal or figurative sense.
^CCXX “be childless” = shakol. Same as “made…childless” in v33. See note CCXVII above.

^CCXXI “hewed…in pieces” = shasaph. 1x in OT. This is to cut in pieces, which is to say to slay.
^CCXXII “before” = paneh. Same as “east” in v7. See note LXVIII above.
^CCXXIII “went” = halak. Same as “go” in v3. See note XXII above.
^CCXXIV “Ramah” = Ramah. From rum (to be high, rise, exalt self, extol, be haughty; to rise literally or figuratively) OR from ramah (properly, to loosen; figuratively, to deceive to various degrees). This is Ramah, meaning “height” or “lofty place” or “deceit” or “established” or “loose.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ramah.html

^CCXXV “went up” = alah. Same as “came up” in v2. See note XX above.
^CCXXVI “house” = bayit. Related to “Israelites” in v6. Probably from banah (see note LIX above). This is house, court, family, palace, temple.
^CCXXVII “Gibeah” = Gibah. From the same as Geba (Geba or Gibeah; hillock); from the same as gabia (cup, bowl, flower; root might mean being convex). This is Gibeah, a city whose name means “hill.”

^CCXXVIII “see” = raah. This is to see in a literal or figurative sense so stare, advise, think, view.
^CCXXIX “again” = yasaph. This is to add, increase, continue, exceed.
^CCXXX “grieved” = abal. This is to mourn or bewail.
^CCXXXI “was sorry” = nacham. Same as “regret” in v11. See note LXXXVII above.
^CCXXXII “made…king” = malak. Same as “made” in v11. See note LXXXVIII above.