1 Samuel 17

^I “Philistines” = Pelishti. From Pelesheth (Philistia); from palash (to mourn, wallow, maybe roll in). This is Philistines. Their name may mean “griever” or “burrower” or “weakener.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Philistine.html.
^II “gathered” = asaph. This is to gather, assemble, or bring. It can also mean to take away, destroy, or remove.
^III “armies” = machaneh. From chanah (to decline, bending down, or living in tents; can be camping to create a home or camping as a part of battle). This is an encampment, whether of people traveling together or soldiers. So, it can be a camp band, or company as well as an army of soldiers. Also can be used of other groups like animals, angels or stars.
^IV “battle” = milchamah. From lacham (to eat or feed on; figuratively, to battle as a kind of consumption/destruction). This is battle, war, fighting, or one who fights (i.e. a warrior).

^V “Socoh” = Sokoh. 8x in OT. From the same as sok (lair, thicket, den, or hiding place; a den or pavilion as made of intertwined boughs); from suk (to make a hedge, entwine; to enclose in order to hold back or protect). This is Socoh or Soco, a place whose name means “hedge”, “thicket,” “thorn,” or “fence.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Socoh.html
^VI “Judah” = Yehudah. Probably from yadah (to throw one’s hands into the air in a gesture of praise); from yad (hand). This is Judah, meaning “praised.”
^VII “encamped” = chanah. Related to “armies” in v1. See note III above.

^VIII “between” = bayin. From bin (to discern, consider, attend to; distinguishing things in one’s mind or, more generally, to understand). This is among, between, interval.
^IX {untranslated} = bayin. Same as “between” in v1. See note VIII above.
^X “Azekah” = Azeqah. 7x in OT. From azaq (to dig around, to put a fence around). This is Azekah, a place whose name means “tilled.”
^XI “Ephes-dammim” = Ephes Dammim. 1x in OT. From ephes (a ceasing, nothing, no one, worthless, end of the earth); {from aphes (to finish, fail, stop, come to nothing, disappear)} + dam (blood, bloodshed, bloodguilt, lifeblood, and death; used for people and animals; often blood from a wound or the blood of the innocent; figuratively, violence or wine; closely tied to life and death); {from damam (to cease, be or become mute, silent, still, cut off, hold peace, be astonished, or die)}. This is Ephes-dammim, a place whose name means “the two extremities” or “boundary of blood drops.”

^XII “Saul” = Shaul. From shaal (to ask, inquire, beg, borrow, desire, request; can also mean demand). This is Saul or Shaul, meaning “asked of the Lord.”
^XIII “Israelites” = ish + Yisrael. Literally, “men of Israel.” Ish is perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is man, husband, another, or humankind. Yisrael is from sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (God or god). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.
^XIV “valley” = emeq. From amoq (to be deep in a literal or figurative sense; profound). This is Vale or valley – frequently part of place names.
^XV “Elah” = Elah. 16x in OT. From elah (oak or terebinth; or some other kind of tree that is strong); from ayil (terebinth, oak); from the same as ulam (porch, hall); from the same as ul (mighty, strength, body, belly; root may mean to twist and that implies strength and power). This is Elah, a personal and place name that means “terebinth” or “oak.”

^XVI “formed” = arak. This is to arrange by setting in a row. It can also mean to set a battle, estimate, put in order, or compare.
^XVII “ranks” = milchamah. Same as “armies” in v1. See note IV above.
^XVIII “against” = qara. This is to meet, befall, happen upon. It can be to encounter by chance or for aggression.
^XIX “stood” = amad. This is to stand up in a literal or figurative sense. So it can be establish, continue, endure, take a stand, act, be a servant, stand still, remain, stand against an enemy.
^XX “mountain” = har, From harar (hill or mountain). This is mountain, hill, hilly region.
^XXI “one” = zeh. Literally, “this.”

^XXII “Israel” = Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v2. See note XIII above.
^XXIII “other” = zeh. Same as “one” in v3. See note XXI above.
^XXIV “valley” = gay. Perhaps from the same as gevah (pride, confidence); from gevah (the back or body); from gey (the back, among); from ga’ah (to grow up, rise, triumph, be majestic). This is valley or gorge that has high walls. It is, perhaps, a narrow valley, but not a winter-torrent.

^XXV “came out” = yatsa. This is to go or come out, bring forth, appear. It is to go out in a literal or figurative sense.
^XXVI {untranslated} = ish. Same as “Israelites” in v2. See note XIII above.
^XXVII “champion” = benayim. Related to “between” in v1. 2x in OT. From bayin (see note VIII above). This is champion or, more specifically, the space that exists between one army and another (the place where a champion would go).

^XXVIII “named” = shem. May be from sim (to put, place, set). This is name, fame, renown. A name was thought to indicate something essential about a person – something about their individuality. So, this word can also mean honor, authority, or character.
^XXIX “Goliath” = Golyath. 6x in OT. From galah (to remove, bring, carry, lead, appear; to strip someone or something bare in a negative sense; captives were typically stripped before being sent into exile; figuratively, in a positive sense, to reveal, disclose, discover). This is Goliath, a name meaning “exposer,” “conspicuous,” or “exile.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Goliath.html
^XXX “Gath” = Gath. From the same as gath (wine press); {perhaps from nagan (to strike a stringed instrument, to pluck or play it)}. This is Gath, a Philistine city whose name means “wine press.” It shares a root with “Gethsemane.”

^XXXI “height” = gobah. 17x in OT. From gabah (to be tall, high, exalted, proud, haughty). This is height, high, raised platform, or elevation. It can also be loftiness, grandeur, or dignity in the positive sense or arrogance, pride, or haughty in the negative.
^XXXII “four” = shesh. This is six. Figuratively, it can be a surplus since it is one more than the number of fingers on the hand.
^XXXIII “cubits” = ammah. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew ammah (a cubit, post, threshold, pivot; mother as the basic measure – the length of the forearm; also mother as the which bonds an entryway i.e. the base of the door); from the same as em (mother as binding a family together or a breeding female animal; mother in a literal or figurative sense). This is a cubit – an “ancient unit of length that had various definitions according to each of the various cultures that used the unit… typically ranged between…17.48 and 20.83 in” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubit)
^XXXIV “span” = zeret. 7x in OT. Perhaps from zarah (to scatter or toss around; to disperse, cast away, scrutinize). This is the distance that you get when you spread your fingers, which is to say, a span.

^XXXV “helmet” = koba. 6x in OT. It comes from a root that may refer to heigh or being curved. So, this is a helmet.
^XXXVI “bronze” = nechosheth. Perhaps from nechushah (copper, bronze, brass – something made from this metal like a coin or fetter; something that is considered base in contrast to gold or silver.; from nachush (made of bronze or brass, coppery; figuratively, hard); from nachash (to divine, interpret omens, learn from experience, observe; to hiss). This is bronze, copper, steel, brass or something made from copper. So, it could be a coin or chains. It can also figuratively mean something considered lesser in contrast to gold or silver.
^XXXVII “head” = rosh. This may come a word that means to shake. It is the head, captain, or chief. It can also be excellent or the forefront. It can be first in position or in statue or in time (i.e. the beginning).

^XXXVIII “armed” = labash. This is to wrap around, which implies clothing oneself or someone else. This is wrapping around in a literal or figurative way.
^XXXIX “coat” = shiryon. 9x in OT. Perhaps from sharah (to let free, direct). This is armor, a breastplate, or harness.
^XL “mail” = qasqeseth. 8x in OT. This is scale, like fish scales. It was also used to refer to jointed mail armor as a comparison to fish scales.
^XLI “weight” = mishqal. From shaqal (to weigh, spend, trade). This is to weigh, or a unit of weight. It shares a root with the word “shekel.”
^XLII “five” = chamesh. This is five.
^XLIII “thousand” = eleph. Perhaps from the same as eleph (herd, cattle); from alaph (to learn, speak, associate with). This is thousand.
^XLIV “shekels” = sheqel. Related to “weight” in v5. From shaqal (see note XLI above). This is shekel or sheqel. It is a unit of weight, generally used in trade.

^XLV “greaves” = mitschah. 1x in OT. From the same as metsach (forehead, brow; its root refers to being easily seen; figuratively, impudent). This is greaves, a piece of armor worn over the shins.
^XLVI “legs” = regel. This is foot, endurance, or journey. It is a foot as the means of walking and so it implies a step or a greater journey. It can be used euphemistically for private parts.
^XLVII “javelin” = kidon. 9x in OT. Perhaps from the same as kiyd (bad luck, decay, calamity). This is something that you use to strike a target. So, it can be a dart, spear, lance, or shield.
^XLVIII “shoulders” = katheph. Root may mean to clothe. This is shoulder, side, corner.

^XLIX “shaft” = chets. From chatsats (to divide, chop, pierce, distribute, shoot an arrow, an archer). This is an arrow or archer, shaft, staff. Properly, it is someone or something that pierces, such as an arrow. It can imply a wound. Used figuratively of God’s thunder bolt.
^L “spear” = chanith. Related to “armies” and “encamped” in v1. From chanah (see note III above). This is a spear or lance as a weapon that is thrust in the same way one pitches a tent.
^LI “weaver’s” = arag. 13x in OT. This is to weave or plait. It can also refer to someone who weaves.
^LII “beam” = manor. 4x in OT. Perhaps from nir (to glean, till); perhaps akin to ner (properly, to glisten; a lamp, light, burner, candle; light literal or figurative). This is a yoke that is used to plow or the beam used in a weaver’s loom. Each time, this word is used in the Old Testament as a comparison to the shaft of a spear.

^LIII “head” = lehabah. 19x in OT. From lahab (flame, flashing, bright; figuratively, a blade or the point of a spear). This is a flame, blazing, head of a spear.
^LIV “six” = shesh. Same as “four” in v4. See note XXXII above.
^LV “hundred” = meah. This is hundred or some number times one hundred (i.e. hundredfold or the base of two hundred, three hundred, etc.).
^LVI “iron” = barzel. From the same as Birzoth (a name meaning holes). Root may mean to pierce. This is iron as something used as a cutting implement. It can also specifically mean ax head.

^LVII “shield” = tsinnah. From tsen (root may mean to be prickly; thorn, barb, cactus hedge). This is a hook or barb. It can also be a buckler, shield, target. Figuratively, it can refer to piercing cold.
^LVIII “bearer” = nasa. This is to lift in a broad sense, literally and figuratively. So it could be to carry, take, or arise. It could also be bring forth, advance, accept.
^LIX “went” = halak. This is go, come, walk. It is walk literally and figuratively and includes people and animals. It can be used figuratively for one’s moral life – how we walk according to God’s way or against it. It can also refer to the walk of life as in the course one’s life takes, the choices we make, etc.
^LX “before” = paneh. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.

^LXI “shouted” = qara. This is to call or call out – to call someone by name. Also used more broadly for calling forth.
^LXII “ranks” = maarakah. Related to “formed” in v2. 19x in OT. From arak (see note XVI above). This is a row or rank. More broadly, it can refer to a formation such as used in a military setting or any other ordered arrangement.
^LXIII {untranslated} = amar. This is to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report.
^LXIV “draw up” = arak. Same as “formed” in v2. See note XVI above.

^LXV “servants” = ebed. From abad (to work, serve, compel; any kind of work; used causatively, can mean to enslave or keep in bondage). This is a servant, slave, or bondservant.
^LXVI “choose” = barah. 6x in OT. This is to eat, choose, make clear.
^LXVII “man” = ish. Same as “Israelites” in v2. See note XIII above.
^LXVIII “come down” = yarad. This is to go down, descend; going down in a literal or figurative sense. It can be going to the shore or a boundary, bringing down an enemy.

^LXIX “is able” = yakol. This is to go down, descend; going down in a literal or figurative sense. It can be going to the shore or a boundary, bringing down an enemy.
^LXX “fight” = lacham. Related to “battle” in v1. See note IV above.
^LXXI “kill” = nakah. This is to hit whether lightly or severely. It can be used in a literal or figurative sense. So, this could be beat, punish, give wounds, kill, or slaughter.
^LXXII “be” = hayah. This is to be or become, to happen.
^LXXIII “prevail” = yakol. Same as “is able” in v9. See note LXIX above.
^LXXIV “serve” = abad. Related to “servants” in v8. See note LXV above.

^LXXV “said” = amar. Same as {untranslated} in v8. See note LXIII above.
^LXXVI “today” = yom + zeh. Literally, “this day.” Yom has a root that may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time. Zeh is the same as “one” in v3. See note XXI above.
^LXXVII “defy” = charaph. This is to expose and so figuratively to reproach, defame, carp at, defy. It can also mean spend the winter or betroth.
^LXXVIII “ranks” = maarakah. Same as “ranks” in v8. See note LXII above.
^LXXIX “give” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.
^LXXX “together” = yachad. From yachad (to join, be united). This is a unit, both, altogether, unitedness, alike.

^LXXXI “all” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.
^LXXXII “heard” = shama. This is to hear, call, consent, or consider. It implies listening intelligently, giving attention, and, because of these two factors, obedience and action are often implied.
^LXXXIII “words” = dabar. From dabar (to speak, declare, discuss). This is speech, a word, a matter, an affair, charge, command, message, promise, purpose, report, request. It is a word, which implies things that are spoken of in a wide sense.

^LXXXIV “dismayed” = chathath. This is properly to prostrate. So it could be shatter, break, or break down in a literal, violent sense. It could also figuratively refer to being dismayed, discouraged, or frightened. It can also mean to stand in awe.
^LXXXV “greatly” = meod. Perhaps from the same as uwd (firebrand, a poker). This is very, greatly, exceedingly. It can also mean vehemence, force, abundance.
^LXXXVI “afraid” = yare. This is to fear, be afraid, dreadful. It can also refer to fearful reverence – to fear in a moral sense is to say to revere, respect.

^LXXXVII “David” = David. From the same as dod (beloved, love, uncle); the root may mean to boil, which is used figuratively to describe love. So, this implies someone you love such as a friend, a lover, or a close family member like an uncle. David’s name likely means something like “beloved one.”
^LXXXVIII “son” = ben. From banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense.
^LXXXIX “Ephrathite” = ish + Ephrathi. Literally, “Ephrathite man.” Ish is the same as “Israelites” in v2. See note XIII above. Ephrathi is 5x in OT.  From the same as apher (covering, ashes, bandage); {from the same as epher (ashes or dust – properly something strewn)} OR from ephrath (Ephrath or Ephrathah; a female name and the name of several places, including Bethlehem; may mean “fruitfulness,” “exhausted,” “worthless,” or “fruitful”); {from parah (to bear fruit, grow, be fruitful, increase; bearing fruit in a literal or figurative sense)}. This is Ephraimite or Ephrathite, someone in the lineage of Ephraim. See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ephrath.html

^XC “Bethlehem” = Beth lechem. Related to “son” in v12 & to “battle” in v1 & “fight” in v9. From bayit (house, court, family, palace, temple); {probably from banah (see note LXXXVIII above)} + lechem (bread, food, loaf; food for people or for animals); {from lacham (see note IV above)}. This is Bethlehem, meaning “house of bread.”
^XCI “Jesse” = Yishay. Related to “Israelites” in v2. Perhaps from ish (see note XIII above) OR from the same as yesh (being, existence, substance). This is Jesse, a name which means “my husband” or “the Lord exists.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Jesse.html
^XCII “eight” = shemoneh. Perhaps from shamen (to shine, which implies being oily, growing fat); from shaman (to grow fat, shine, be oily). This is eight or eighth. It can refer to abundance as being more than 7, the number of sacred fullness.

^XCIII “days” = yom. Same as “today” in v10. See note LXXVI above.
^XCIV “was…old” = zaqen. From the same as zaqan (beard or chin – the beard represents old age). This is to be old or grow old.
^XCV {untranslated} = ish. Same as “Israelites” in v2. See note XIII above.
^XCVI “advanced” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.

^XCVII “three” = shalosh. This is three, fork, three times.
^XCVIII “eldest” = gadol. From gadal (to grow up, become great, become wealthy – to advance. The root meaning may be to twist in the sense of the process of growing). This is great, high, bigger, noble, old, marvelous. It can also refer to someone who is powerful or distinguished.
^XCIX “followed” = halak…halak + achar. Halak is the same as “went” in v7. See note LIX above. Achar is from achar (to remain behind, linger, continue, be behind, or delay; can also imply procrastination). This is after or the last part, following.
^C “names” = shem. Same as “named” in v4. See note XXVIII above.
^CI “Eliab” = Eliab. Related to “Israelites” in v2. From El (see note XIII above) + ab (father, chief, ancestor; father in a literal or figurative sense). This is Eliab, meaning “God is father” or “God of his father.”
^CII “firstborn” = bekor. From bakar (to bear fruit, be firstborn, firstling, that which opens the womb, give the birthright to). This is firstborn or chief.

^CIII “next to” = mishneh. From shanah (to fold, repeat, double, alter, or disguise). This is double, second, next, duplicate. It can also be second in rank or age.
^CIV “Abinadab” = Abinadab. Related to “Eliab” in v13. 12x in OT. From ab (see note CI above) + nadab (to offer voluntarily, incite, impel; to volunteer to be a soldier or offer freely). This is Abinadab, meaning “my father is noble” or “father of generosity,” which is to say very generous.
^CV “third” = shelishi. Related to “three” in v13. From shalosh (see note XCVII above). This is third or one-third of something.
^CVI “Shammah” = Shammah. 7x in OT. From the same as shammah (desolation, horror, dismay, waste); from shamem (to be appalled, astonished; to stun or devastate, be destitute). This is Shammah. It means “appalling desolation” or “waste.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Shammah.html

^CVII “youngest” = qatan. From quwt (grieved, cut off, to detest). This is least, small, young, little one. It is literally smaller whether in amount or size. Figuratively it is smaller in the sense of younger or less important.
^CVIII “followed” = halak + achar. Halak is the same as “went” in v7. See note LIX above. Achar is the same as “followed” in v13. See note XCIX above.
^CIX “back and forth” = shub. To turn back, return, turn away – literally or figuratively. Doesn’t necessarily imply going back to where you started from. This is also the root verb for the Hebrew word for repentance “teshubah.”
^CX “feed” = ra’ah. This is to tend a flock, pasture, or graze. It can mean to rule or to associate with someone. Figuratively, it can be ruler or teacher.

^CXI “father’s” = ab. Related to “Eliab” and “Abinadab” in v13. See note CI above.
^CXII “sheep” = tson. This is a flock of sheep and goats.
^CXIII “forty” = arbaim. From the same as arba (four); from raba (to make square or be four-sided); perhaps from raba (to lie down flat; can be to lie for mating). This is forty.
^CXIV “came forward” = nagash. This is to draw, bring, or come near. It is approaching for any reason – as an attack on an enemy, in order to worship, to make an argument. It can also be used as a euphemism for sex.

^CXV “took…stand” = yatsab. This is to set oneself, take a stand, remain, continue, to station or set something in place.
^CXVI “morning” = shakam. This is leaning one’s shoulder into a burden or load, whether a person or an animal. Thus, it meant starting or rising early.
^CXVII “evening” = arab. 3x in OT. From ereb (night, twilight, dusk). This is evening or eventide. It is to grow dark or dusky.
^CXVIII “take” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^CXIX {untranslated} = na. This particle is used for requests or for urging. It can be we pray, now, I ask you, oh. This is the same “na” in “hosanna.”
^CXX “brothers” = ach. This is brother, kindred, another, other, like. It is literally brother, but it can also be someone who is similar, resembling, or related to.

^CXXI “ephah” = ephah. Perhaps from Egyptian ipet (“a dry measure of volume equivalent to…about 19.2 litres”). This is an ephah – specifically, a measure for flour or grain. It can also be used ore generally to refer to a measure. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jpt#Egyptian
^CXXII “this” = zeh. Same as “one” in v3. See note XXI above.
^CXXIII “parched grain” = qali. 6x in OT. From qalah (to roast, toast or parch – to dry or scorch in part). This is parched or roasted – used to refer to grain.
^CXXIV “ten” = eser. Perhaps from asar (to tithe, render a tenth of). This is ten or -teen. While 7 is symbolically the number of perfection, ten is also symbolically a number of perfection (but to a lesser degree than 7 is).
^CXXV “loaves” = lechem. Related to “battle” in v1 & “fight” in v9 & “Bethlehem” in v12. See note XC above.
^CXXVI “carry…quickly” = ruts. This is to run or rush, divide quickly, bring swiftly. It can also refer to a footman or guard.

^CXXVII “take” = bo. Same as “advanced” in v12. See note XCVI above.
^CXXVIII {untranslated} = charits. 3x in OT. From charats (to cut, sharpen, decree, wound, be alert, move). This is a cut, slice, or a tool that is sharp like a threshing-sledge.
^CXXIX “cheeses” = chalab. Perhaps from the same as cheleb (fat, finest, marrow; fat in a literal or figurative sense; the richest or best part). This is milk or cheese or suckling.
^CXXX “commander” = sar. This is chief, leader, ruler, lord, official, governor, prince, military leader. It refers to someone at the top of a rank or class.

^CXXXI “see” = paqad. This is to attend to or visit – can be used for a friendly or violent encounter. So, it can be to oversee, care for, avenge, or charge.
^CXXXII “fare” = shalom. From shalam (to be complete or sound; to have safety mentally, physically, or extending to one’s estate; so, if these things are safe and complete, the implication is that one would be friendly; and, if being friendly, one would make amends and that friendship would be reciprocated). This is completeness, soundness, welfare, favor, friend, good health. It is to be safe and figuratively well, happy, at peace, friendly. Abstractly, it includes the ideas of welfare and prosperity (not in excessive wealth, but in having enough).
^CXXXIII “bring” = laqach. Same as “take” in v17. See note CXVIII above.
^CXXXIV “token” = arubbah. 2x in OT. From the same as ereb (mixture, mixed group of people, Arabia; the woof (as in warp and woof of fabric)); from arab (to exchange, give or take on pledge, braid, intermix). This is something that is exchanged. It could be a token (like a security), a pledge, or a bondsman.

^CXXXV “men” = enosh. Related to “Israelites” in v2. Se note XIII above.
^CXXXVI “valley” = emeq. Same as “valley” in v2. See note XIV above.
^CXXXVII “rose early” = shakam. Same as “morning” in v16. See note CXVI above.
^CXXXVIII “morning” = boqer. From baqar (to seek, plow, break forth, admire, care for). This refers to the break of day. So it is dawn, early, morning, or morrow.
^CXXXIX “left” = natash. Properly, this is to beat or pound as when something is beaten in order to expand or disperse. It can be leave, abandon, allow, neglect, spread, fall, or thrust out.
^CXL “keeper” = shamar. This is to keep, watch, or preserve. It means to guard something or to protect it as a thorny hedge protects something.

^CXLI “took” = nasa. Same as “bearer” in v7. See note LVIII above.
^CXLII “commanded” = tsavah. This is to charge, command, order, appoint, or enjoin. This is the root that the Hebrew word for “commandment” comes from (mitsvah).
^CXLIII “came” = bo. Same as “advanced” in v12. See note XCVI above.
^CXLIV “encampment” = magal. 16x in OT. From the same as agol (round). Older root may mean to revolve. This is a path or course. It is a track in a literal or figurative sense. Could also refer to a rampart because it is circular.
^CXLV “army” = chayil. From chul (to be firm, strong, prosperous; to endure). This is strength, wealth, ability, activity. It can refer to soldier or a company of soldiers as well as goods. It is a force of people, means, or goods. It can speak of valor, virtue, or strength.

^CXLVI “going forth” = yatsa. Same as “came out” in v4. See note XXV above.
^CXLVII “battle line” = maarakah. Same as “ranks” in v8. See note LXII above.
^CXLVIII “shouting” = rua. To break or destroy something so figuratively, an ear splitting sound such as a call of alarm or a joyful sound.
^CXLIX “war” = milchamah. Same as “armies” in v1. See note IV above.
^CL “drew up for battle” = arak. Same as “formed” in v2. See note XVI above.
^CLI “army” = maarakah. Same as “ranks” in v8. See note LXII above.
^CLII “army” = maarakah. Same as “ranks” in v8. See note LXII above.

^CLIII “things” = keli. From kalah (to end, be finished, complete, prepare, consume, spent, or completely destroyed). This is something that was prepared – any implement, utensil, article, vessel, weapon, or instrument. Also includes jewels, weapons, bags, carriages, and furniture.
^CLIV “charge” = yad. This is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.
^CLV “baggage” = keli. Same as “things” in v22. See note CLIII above.
^CLVI “ran” = ruts. Same as “carry…quickly” in v17. See note CXXVI above.
^CLVII “ranks” = maarakah. Same as “ranks” in v8. See note LXII above.
^CLVIII “went” = bo. Same as “advanced” in v12. See note XCVI above.
^CLIX “greeted” = shaal…shalom. Shaal is related to “Shaul” in v2. See note XII above. Shalom is the same as “fare” in v18. See note CXXXII above.

^CLX “talked” = dabar. Related to “words” in v11. See note LXXXIII above.
^CLXI {untranslated} = hinneh. From hen (lo! Behold! If, though; an expression of surprise). This is to draw attention, show suddenness or surprise, or to emphasize the importance of the coming statement. See! Lo! Behold!
^CLXII {untranslated} = ish. Same as “Israelites” in v2. See note XIII above.
^CLXIII “came up” = alah. This is to go up, approach, ascend, be high, be a priority; to arise in a literal or figurative sense.
^CLXIV “ranks” = maarah. Related to “formed” in v2 & “ranks” in v8. 1x in OT. From maarakah (see note LXII above). This is an army or a place within the army that is open.
^CLXV “spoke” = dabar. Same as “talked” in v23. See note CLX above.

^CLXVI “saw” = raah. This is to see in a literal or figurative sense so stare, advise, think, view.
^CLXVII “man” = ish. Same as “Israelites” in v2. See note XIII above.
^CLXVIII “fled” = nus. This is to flee, vanish away, hide, escape, be displayed.
^CLXIX “from” = paneh. Same as “before” in v7. See note LX above.
^CLXX “very much” = meod. Same as “greatly” in v11. See note LXXXV above.

^CLXXI “seen” = raah. Same as “saw” in v24. See note CLXVI above.
^CLXXII “man” = ish. Same as “Israelites” in v2. See note XIII above.
^CLXXIII {untranslated} = hayah. Same as “be” in v9. See note LXXII above.
^CLXXIV “king” = melek. From malak (to be or become king or queen, to rise to the throne, to be crowned; by implication, to take counsel). This is king or royal.
^CLXXV “greatly” = gadol. Same as “eldest” in v13. See note XCVIII above.
^CLXXVI “enrich” = ashar…osher Ashar is 17x in OT. This is to enrich, become rich, gain wealth, or otherwise accumulate. Osher is related to “enrich” in v25. From ashar (see above). This is fortune or wealth.

^CLXXVII “man” = ish. Same as “Israelites” in v2. See note XIII above.
^CLXXVIII “daughter” = bat. Related to “son” and “Bethlehem” in v12. From ben (see note LXXXVIII above). This is daughter in a literal or figurative sense.
^CLXXIX “make” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.
^CLXXX “family” = bayit + ab. Literally, “his father’s house.” Bayit is related to “son” and “Bethlehem” in v12 & “daughter” in v25. Probably from banah (see note LXXXVIII above). This is house, court, family, palace, temple. Ab is the same as “father’s” in v15. See note CXI above.
^CLXXXI “free” = chophshi. 17x in OT. From chaphash (to be free or loose; figuratively used for freeing slaves). This is free, liberty, or a free person. It can mean exempt from bondage, taxation, or worry.

^CLXXXII “men” = enosh. Same as “men” in v19. See note CXXXV above.
^CLXXXIII {untranslated} = amar. Same as {untranslated} in v8. See note LXIII above.
^CLXXXIV “done” = asah. Same as “make” in v25. See note CLXXIX above.
^CLXXXV “man” = ish. Same as “Israelites” in v2. See note XIII above.
^CLXXXVI “takes away” = sur. This is to turn aside in a literal or figurative sense – to depart, decline, rebel, remove, or withdraw.
^CLXXXVII “reproach” = cherpah. Related to “defy” in v10. From charaph (see note LXXVII above). This is reproach, rebuke, shame, or disgrace. It can also refer to genitals.

^CLXXXVIII “uncircumcised” = arel. From arel (to strip or expose, restrain; to remove in a literal or figurative sense). This is uncircumcised, unskilled, exposed, forbidden.
^CLXXXIX “armies” = maarakah. Same as “ranks” in v8. See note LXII above.
^CXC “living” = chay. From chayah (to live or keep alive literally or figuratively). This is alive, living, lifetime. It can also be used to describe someone’s age. It can refer to animals, plants, water, or a company or congregation of people. It is life in a very broad sense.
^CXCI “God” = Elohim. Related to “Israelites” in v2 & “Eliab” in v13. See note XIII above.

^CXCII “people” = am. From amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together). This is people or nation. It can be used specifically for a tribe, collectively of troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals.
^CXCIII “answered” = amar. Same as {untranslated} in v8. See note LXIII above.
^CXCIV “same” = zeh. Same as “one” in v3. See note XXI above.
^CXCV “way” = dabar. Same as “words” in v11. See note LXXXIII above.
^CXCVI {untranslated} = amar. Same as {untranslated} in v8. See note LXIII above.
^CXCVII “man” = ish. Same as “Israelites” in v2. See note XIII above.

^CXCVIII “men” = ish. Same as “Israelites” in v2. See note XIII above.
^CXCIX “anger” = aph. From anaph (to be angry; properly, breathing hard as a signifier of being enraged). This properly refers to the nose or nostril and by extension the face. It can specifically refer to anger or wrath as one breathes hard and nostrils flare in times of great anger.
^CC “kindled” = charah. Perhaps related to charar (to be hot, burn, glow, melt, be scorched; figuratively, to incite passion, be angry). This is to be displeased, burn with anger, glow, become warn. Figuratively it is a blaze of anger, zeal, or jealousy.
^CCI {untranslated} = zeh. Same as “one” in v3. See note XXI above.
^CCII “few” = me’at. From ma’at (being or becoming small, decrease, diminish, pare off). This is a little or few, lightly little while, very small matter.
^CCIII “wilderness” = midbar. Related to “words” in v11 & “talked” in v23. From dabar (see note LXXXIII above). This is mouth or speech. It can also be desert or wilderness. Additionally, it can be used for a pasture to which one drives cattle.

^CCIV “know” = yada. This is to know, acknowledge, advise, answer, be aware, be acquainted with. Properly, this is to figure something out by seeing. It includes ideas of observation, recognition, and care about something. It can be used causatively for instruction, designation, and punishment.
^CCV “presumption” = zadon. 11x in OT. From zud (to cook, boil up, or seethe; figuratively, it can mean to act with arrogance or insolence, to be rebellious).  This is arrogance, presumptuousness, a proud person.
^CCVI “evil” = roa. 19x in OT. Perhaps from ra’a’ (to be evil, bad, afflict; properly, to spoil – to destroy by breaking into pieces; figuratively, to cause something to be worthless; this is bad in a physical, social, or moral sense; that which displeases, to do harm or mischief, to punish or vex). This is badness, sorrow, or some other negative. It could refer to physical badness (like ugly cows in Pharoah’s dream in Genesis 41 or rotten figs in Jeremiah 24). It can also be sadness, evil deeds, or an evil heart.

^CCVII “heart” = lebab. May be related to labab (to encourage; properly, to be encased as with fat; used in a good sense, this means to transport someone with love; used in a bad sense, it can mean to dull one’s senses). This is the heart, courage, one’s inner self, the mind, or the will. Heart is only used in a figurative sense in the Old and New Testaments.
^CCVIII {untranslated} = maan. From anah (to answer, respond, announce, sing, shout, or testify; to pay attention, which implies responding and, by extension, starting to talk; singing, shouting, testifying, etc.). This is because of, occurring because of a motive or purpose.
^CCIX “see” = raah. Same as “saw” in v24. See note CLXVI above.

^CCX “now” = attah. Related to {untranslated} in v28. Perhaps from et (a period or season; whenever or continually); probably from anah (see note CCVIII above); from ad (forever, all, old); from adah (to pass on, advance, decorate oneself). This is now, from now on.
^CCXI “question” = dabar. Same as “words” in v11. See note LXXXIII above.
^CCXII “turned away” = sabab. This is turning around, going around; to surround, cast, walk, fetch. It is to revolve or border in a literal or figurative sense.
^CCXIII “from” = etsel. From atsal (to reserve, refuse, join, separate, keep). This is nearby, toward, joining.

^CCXIV “toward” = mul. Perhaps from mul (to cut short, circumcise, blunt, destroy). This is in front of, opposite, with, abrupt. Literally, it refers to some kind of precipice.
^CCXV “another” = acher. Related to “followed” in v13. From achar (see note XCIX above). This is following, next, strange, other.
^CCXVI “spoke” = amar. Same as {untranslated} in v8. See note LXIII above.
^CCXVII “answered” = shub. Same as “back and forth” in v15. See note CIX above.
^CCXVIII {untranslated} = dabar. Same as “words” in v11. See note LXXXIII above.
^CCXIX {untranslated} = dabar. Same as “words” in v11. See note LXXXIII above.
^CCXX “before” = rishon. Related to “head” in v5. From rishah (beginning or early time); from rosh (see note XXXVII above). This is first, former, ancestor, beginning, ranked first.

^CCXXI “spoke” = dabar. Same as “talked” in v23. See note CLX above.
^CCXXII “repeated” = nagad. This is to declare, make conspicuous, stand in front, manifest, predict, explain.
^CCXXIII “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v7. See note LX above.
^CCXXIV “sent” = laqach. Same as “take” in v17. See note CXVIII above.

^CCXXV “one’s” = adam. Perhaps from adam (to be red, make ruddy); related to adamah (ground, dirt, earth). This is man, humankind, also Adam’s name. It refers to a human individual or humanity.
^CCXXVI “heart” = leb. Related to “heart” in v28. From the same as lebab (see note CCVII above). This is inner self, mind, will, feelings, the center.
^CCXXVII “fail” = naphal. This is to fall, whether by accident, to fall prostrate, or to fall in violent death. Figuratively, it can refer to personal ruin or calamity, a city falling, an attack or a falling away. It can also be a deep sleep or wasting away.
^CCXXVIII “go” = halak. Same as “went” in v7. See note LIX above.

^CCXXIX “go” = halak. Same as “went” in v7. See note LIX above.
^CCXXX “boy” = naar. May be from na’ar (to shake, toss up and down, tumble around). This is a child or a servant. It is a child in their active years so they could be aged anywhere from infancy to adolescence.
^CCXXXI “warrior” = ish + milchamah. Literally, “man of war.” Ish is the same as “Israelites” in v2. See note XIII above. Milchamah is the same as “armies” in v1. See note IV above.
^CCXXXII “youth” = naur. Related to “boy” in v33. From naar (see note CCXXX above). This is youth or childhood.

^CCXXXIII “used to keep” = ra’ah + hayah. Ra’ah is the same as “feed” in v15. See note CX above. Hayah is the same as “be” in v9. See note LXXII above.
^CCXXXIV “lion” = ari. From arah (to gather or pluck). This is a young lion.
^CCXXXV “bear” = dob. 12x in OT. From dabab (to glide, flow gently, speak, move slowly). This is a bear, perhaps as a slow moving creature.
^CXXXVI “took” = nasa. Same as “bearer” in v7. See note LVIII above.
^CXXXVII “lamb” = seh. Perhaps from sha’ah (to make a loud noise or crash, devastate, rush). This is a lamb, sheep, or goat – a part of a flock.
^CXXXVIII “flock” = eder. From adar (fail, missing) OR from adar (to dig, help, keep rank; properly, to muster troops as for battle; to miss or lack since you can see who is missing following muster; to arrange like a vineyard and so to hoe). This is arrangement – of animals, a flock or herd.

^CCXXXIX “went” = yatsa. Same as “came out” in v4. See note XXV above.
^CCXL “after” = achar. Same as “followed” in v13. See note XCIX above.
^CCXLI “struck” = nakah. Same as “kill” in v9. See note LXXI above.
^CCXLII “rescuing” = natsal. This is to snatch someone or something away in a good sense – as rescue, defend, or deliver – or in a bad sense – as strip or plunder.
^CCXLIII “mouth” = peh. This is mouth in a literal or figurative sense. So, more literally, it can be beak or jaws. More figuratively, it refers to speech, commands, or promises.

^CCXLIV “turned” = qum. To arise, stand, accomplish, establish, abide. This is rising as in rising against, getting up after being sick or asleep, arising from one state to another, becoming powerful, or rising for action. It can also be standing in a figurative sense.
^CCXLV “catch” = chazaq. This is to strengthen, seize, be courageous, repair, bind, heal, conquer, harden.
^CCXLVI “jaw” = zaqan. Related to “was…old” in v12. 19x in OT. See note XCIV above.
^CCXLVII “kill” = mut. This is to die in a literal or figurative sense. It can also refer to being a dead body.

^CCXLVIII “killed” = nakah. Same as “kill” in v9. See note LXXI above.
^CCXLIX “both” = gam. This is also, moreover, again.
^CCL {untranslated} = gam. Same as “both” in v36. See note CCLVIII above.
^CCLI “one” = echad. Perhaps from achad (to unify, continue on a path; figuratively, to gather one’s thoughts). This is the number one, first, united. It can also be alone, altogether, a certain, a few.
^CCLII “armies” = maarakah. Same as “ranks” in v8. See note LXII above.

^CCLIII “Lord” = YHVH. Related to “be” in v9. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (see note LXXII above). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.
^CCLIV “saved” = natsal. Same as “rescuing” in v35. See note CCXLII above.
^CCLV “paw” = yad. Same as “charge” in v22. See note CLIV above.
^CCLVI “hand” = yad. Same as “charge” in v22. See note CLIV above.
^CCLVII “go” = halak. Same as “went” in v7. See note LIX above.

^CCLVIII “clothed” = labash. Same as “armed” in v5. See note XXXVIII above.
^CCLIX “armor” = mad. 11x in OT. From madad (to measure, stretch, be extended, continue). This is measure, cloth, cloak, armor, stature, height.
^CCLX “put” = natan. Same as “give” in v10. See note LXXIX above.
^CCLXI “helmet” = qoba. Related to “helmet” in v5. 2x in OT. Perhaps related to koba (see note XXXV above). This is helmet.
^CCLXII “head” = rosh. Same as “head” in v5. See note XXXVII above.

^CCLXIII “strapped” = chagar. This is to gird, bind, or arm. Generally, it is using a belt to gather up one’s garment so that it’s easier to run or move quickly.
^CCLXIV “sword” = chereb. From charab (to attack, slay). This is any sharp instrument like a sword, dagger, axe, or mattock.
^CCLXV “tried” = yaal. 19x in OT. This to be pleased or willing, determined, to take on something, to try, to do willingly, to begin. It can have the idea of assent or consent as well as continuing or persisting as.
^CCLXVI “walk” = halak. Same as “went” in v7. See note LIX above.
^CCLXVII “used to” = nasah. This is to test, prove, try, tempt, or attempt.
^CCLXVIII “cannot” = lo + yakol. Yakol is the same as “is able” in v9. See note LXIX above.
^CCLXIX “removed” = sur. Same as “takes away” in v26. See note CLXXXVI above.

^CCLXX “took” = laqach. Same as “take” in v17. See note CXVIII above.
^CCLXXI “staff” = maqqel. 18x in OT. This is a shoot with leaves growing from it or a staff. It could be a walking stick, a stick for guiding (e.g. sheep), a stick for striking like a war club, or a divining rod.
^CCLXXII “chose” = bachar. This is to choose, appoint, try, excellent.
^CCLXXIII “smooth” = challuq. 1x in OT. From chalaq (to be smooth in a figurative sense; can refer to the stones that were part of casting lots – hence, apportion, share, distribute; figuratively, it can also mean to flatter, slippery). This is smooth.
^CCLXXIV “stones” = eben. This is a stone, weight, or mason. It is part of the word “Ebenezer.”

^CCLXXV “wadi” = nachal. From nachal (to take as heritage, inherit, or distribute). This is a river or stream. It could be a wadi or arroyo – sometimes a narrow valley with no water at all, but in strong rains or when winter snow melts, it swells or floods with water.
^CCLXXVI “put” = sim. Related to “named” in v4. See note XXVIII above.
^CCLXXVII “shepherd’s” = ra’ah. Same as “feed” in v15. See note CX above.
^CCLXXVIII “bag” = keli. Same as “things” in v22. See note CLIII above.
^CCLXXIX “pouch” = yalqut. 1x in OT. From laqat (to pick up, glean, sling, gather). This is a container like a wallet or pouch.
^CCLXXX “sling” = qela. From qala (to sling, carve). This is something that hangs like a door screen, a door, a leaf or a sling.
^CCLXXXI “drew near” = nagash. Same as “came forward” in v16. See note CXIV above.

^CCLXXXII “came on” = halak…halak. Same as “went” in v7. See note LIX above.
^CCLXXXIII “drew near” = qareb. 8x in OT. From qarab (to come near, offer, make ready). This is to come, approach, draw near.
^CCLXXXIV {untranslated} = ish. Same as “Israelites” in v2. See note XIII above.
^CCLXXXV “in front of” = paneh. Same as “before” in v7. See note LX above.
^CCLXXXVI “looked” = nabat. This is to behold, look at intently, consider, or scan. It can mean to have respect or regard someone favorably.
^CCLXXXVII “saw” = raah. Same as “saw” in v24. See note CLXVI above.
^CCLXXXVIII “disdained” = bazah. This is to despise, hold in contempt, disesteem, or a person who is vile.

^CCLXXXIX “was” = hayah. Same as “be” in v9. See note LXXII above.
^CCXC “youth” = naar. Same as “boy” in v33. See note CCXXX above.
^CCXCI “ruddy” = admoni. Related to “one’s” in v32. 3x in OT. From the same as adam (see note CCXXV above). This is red or ruddy, whether of the hair or complexion.
^CCXCII “handsome” = yapheh. From yaphah (to be beautiful, decorate; root means being bright, which implies being beautiful). This is beautiful in a literal or figurative sense – appropriate, handsome, godly, pleasant.
^CCXCIII “appearance” = mareh. Related to “saw” in v24. From raah (see note CLXVI above). This is sight, appearance, or vision. It can be a view, seeing itself, that which is seen, something real, or a vision one sees.

^CCXCIV “dog” = keleb. This is yelping or attacking. It can also refer to a dog or it can be a term used for a male prostitute.
^CCXCV “come” = bo. Same as “advanced” in v12. See note XCVI above.
^CCXCVI “sticks” = maqqel. Same as “staff” in v40. See note CCLXXI above.
^CCXCVII “cursed” = qalal. This is to be little, insignificant, swift. It can also mean to bring down in esteem, create contempt, curse.
^CCXCVIII “gods” = elohim. Same as “God” in v26. See note CXCI above.

^CCXCIX “come” = halak. Same as “went” in v7. See note LIX above.
^CCC “flesh” = basar. From basar (being a messenger, publish, carry preach; properly, this is being fresh, rosy or cheerful as one bearing news). This is flesh, the body, fat, skin, self, nakedness, humankind, or kin. It can also refer to private parts.
^CCCI “birds” = oph. From uph (to fly, flee, shine, be weary, be faint). This is a flying creature.
^CCCII “air” = shamayim. Root may mean being lofty. This is sky, the air, or heaven. It is in a dual noun form so this might refer to the part of the sky where the clouds move on the one hand and the part beyond that where the sun, moon, and stars are on the other hand.
^CCCIII “wild animals” = behemah. This is animal or cattle. It is often used of large quadrupeds.
^CCCIV “field” = sadeh. From the same as shadday (almighty, field, land); from shadad (to devastate, ruin, destroy, oppress, be powerful). Or, it may be from a word that means to spread out. This is field, ground, soil, or land. It can be used to mean wild as in a wild animal.

^CCCV “come” = bo. Same as “advanced” in v12. See note XCVI above.
^CCCVI “come” = bo. Same as “advanced” in v12. See note XCVI above.
^CCCVII “hosts” = tsaba. From tsaba (to wage war, serve, assemble, fight, perform, muster, wait on). This is a large group of persons (used figuratively for a group of things). It implies a campaign literally as with army, war, warfare, battle, company, soldiers. Can also be used figuratively for hardship or for worship.
^CCCVIII “armies” = maarakah. Same as “ranks” in v8. See note LXII above.
^CCCIX “deliver” = sagar. This is to shut up, imprison, lock, hand over, or figuratively surrender.
^CCCX “cut off” = sur. Same as “takes away” in v26. See note CLXXXVI above.
^CCCXI “head” = rosh. Same as “head” in v5. See note XXXVII above.

^CCCXII “dead bodies” = peger. From pagar (to be exhausted, relax). This is a carcass or remains, whether a person or animal. Figuratively, it can also refer to an idol.
^CCCXIII “army” = machaneh. Same as “armies” in v1. See note III above.
^CCCXIV “earth” = erets. Root may mean to be firm. This is earth, ground, field land, or country.
^CCCXV “there is” = yesh. Related to “Jesse” in v12. See note XCI above.
^CCCXVI “assembly” = qahal. This is an assembly, congregation, or multitude.
^CCCXVII “save” = yasha. To deliver, defend, help, preserve, rescue, be safe. Properly, to be open, wide or free, which implies being safe. Used causatively, it means to free.

^CCCXVIII {untranslated} = hayah. Same as “be” in v9. See note LXXII above.
^CCCXIX {untranslated} = qum. Same as “turned” in v35. See note CCXLIV above.
^CCCXX {untranslated} = halak. Same as “went” in v7. See note LIX above.
^CCCXXI “drew nearer” = qarab. Related to “drew near” in v41. See note CCLXXXIII above.
^CCCXXII “meet” = qara. Same as “against” in v2. See note XVIII above.
^CCCXXIII “quickly” = mahar. This is being liquid, which implies flowing. So, this word implies hurrying forward, whether in a positive or negative sense.

^CCCXXIV “put” = shalach. This is to send out, away, send for, forsake. It can also mean to divorce or set a slave free.
^CCCXXV “took” = laqach. Same as “take” in v17. See note CXVIII above.
^CCCXXVI “slung” = qala. Related to “sling” in v40. 7x in OT. See note CCLXXX above.
^CCCXXVII “forehead” = metsach. Related to “greaves” in v6. 13x in OT. See note XLV above.

^CCCXXVIII “sank” = taba. 10x in OT. This is sink, drown, settle, or fasten.
^CCCXXIX “fell” = naphal. Same as “fail” in v32. See note CCXXVII above.
^CCCXXX “face” = paneh. Same as “before” in v7. See note LX above.
^CCCXXXI “ground” = erets. Same as “earth” in v46. See note CCCXIV above.

^CCCXXXII “prevailed” = chazaq. Same as “catch” in v35. See note CCXLV above.
^CCCXXXIII “killing” = mut. Same as “kill” in v35. See note CCXLVII above.
^CCCXXXIV “no” = ayin. Perhaps from a word that means to be nothing. This means nothing, none, non-existent. It can also simply mean not or are not.
^CCCXXXV “grasped” = laqach. Same as “take” in v17. See note CXVIII above.
^CCCXXXVI “drew” = shalaph. This is to draw out, pluck off, grow up.
^CCCXXXVII “sheath” = taar. 13x in OT. From arah (to be bare, empty, raze, uncover, discover, demolish). This is a razor, knife, sheath.

^CCCXXXVIII “killed” = mut. Same as “kill” in v35. See note CCXLVII above.
^CCCXXXIX “cut off” = karat. This is to cut down, cut off, or make a covenant (idiom for making a covenant is “to cut a covenant”). It can also mean to destroy, fail, or consume.
^CCCXL “head” = rosh. Same as “head” in v5. See note XXXVII above.
^CCCXLI “saw” = raah. Same as “saw” in v24. See note CLXVI above.
^CCCXLII “champion” = gibbor. From gabar (to be strong or mighty; to prevail or be insolent). This is strong, mighty, or powerful. This can imply a warrior, hero, or tyrant.
^CCCXLIII “was dead” = mut. Same as “kill” in v35. See note CCXLVII above.

^CCCXLIV “troops” = ish. Same as “Israelites” in v2. See note XIII above.
^CCCXLV “rose up” = qum. Same as “turned” in v35. See note CCXLIV above.
^CCCXLVI “shout” = rua. Same as “shouting” in v20. See note CXLVIII above.
^CCCXLVII “pursued” = radaph. This is to chase after, pursue, hunt, or persecute. It is running after someone or something, generally with hostile motives.
^CCCXLVIII {untranslated} = bo + gay. Bo is the same as “advanced” in v12. See note XCVI above. Gay is the same as “valley” in v3. See note XXIV above.
^CCCXLIX “gates” = shaar. May be related to sha’ar (to calculate or reckon; may come from a root that means to open up or split). This is a gate, door, or other opening like a port.

^CCCL “Ekron” = Eqron. From the same as eqer (stock, member, offshoot; figuratively, could be a descendant or someone who is transplanted like an immigrant who takes up permanent residence); from aqar (to uproot, pluck out, dig out by the roots, to hamstring; figuratively, to exterminate). This is Ekron, a city whose name may mean “extermination” or “uprooting” or “emigration.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ekron.html
^CCCLI “wounded” = chalal. From chalal (to pierce, to wound; figuratively, making someone or something profane or breaking your word; to begin as though one opened a wedge; to eat something as a common thing). This is to pierce, profane or pollute. It can also refer to slain or deadly.
^CCCLII “way” = derek. From darak (to tread, march, to walk. Can also mean affixing a string to a box since one needs to step on it to bend it in the process; so also an archer). This is a road as a thing that is walked on. Can be used figuratively for the path that one’s life takes or how one chooses to live one’s life.
^CCCLIII “Shaaraim” = Shaarayim. Related to “gates” in v52. 3x in OT. From the same as shaar (see note CCCXLIX above). This is Shaarim, the name of two cities, which may mean “double gates” or “hairs” or “horrors” or “goats” or “barleys” or “storms” or “measures” or “goats.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Shaaraim.html

^CCCLIV “came back” = shub. Same as “back and forth” in v15. See note CIX above.
^CCCLV “chasing” = dalaq + achar. Dalaq is 9x in OT. This is to burn or flame in a literal or figurative sense. It can also be to chase or hotly pursue. Achar is the same as “followed” in v13. See note XCIX above.
^CCCLVI “plundered” = shasas. 5x in OT. This is to rifle, loot, or spoil.
^CCCLVII “took” = laqach. Same as “take” in v17. See note CXVIII above.
^CCCLVIII “head” = rosh. Same as “head” in v5. See note XXXVII above.

^CCCLIX “brought” = bo. Same as “advanced” in v12. See note XCVI above.
^CCCLX “Jerusalem” = Yerushalaim. Related to “fare” in v18. From yarah (to throw, shoot, be stunned; to flow as water so figuratively to instruct or teach) + shalam (see note CXXXII above). This is Jerusalem, dwelling of peace.
^CCCLXI “put” = sim. Same as “put” in v40. See note CCLXXVI above.
^CCCLXII “armor” = keli. Same as “things” in v22. See note CLIII above.
^CCCLXIII “tent” = ohel. Perhaps from ahal (to shine, be clear). This is a tent, covering, home, or side pillar.

^CCCLXIV “saw” = raah. Same as “saw” in v24. See note CLXVI above.
^CCCLXV “go out” = yatsa. Same as “came out” in v4. See note XXV above.
^CCCLXVI “Abner” = Abner. Related to “Eliab” and “Abinadab” in v13 & “father’s” in v15 & to “beam” in v7. From ab (see note CI above) + ner (see note LII above). This is Abner, a name meaning “my father is a lamp,” “father of light,” “enlightening.”
^CCCLXVII “army” = tsaba. Same as “hosts” in v45. See note CCCVII above.
^CCCLXVIII “young man” = naar. Same as “boy” in v33. See note CCXXX above.
^CCCLXIX “soul” = nephesh. Related to naphash (to refresh or be refreshed). This is soul, self, person, emotion. It is a breathing creature. Can also refer to appetites and desires.

^CCCLXX “inquire” = shaal. Same as “greeted” in v22. See note CLIX above.
^CCCLXXI “young man” = elem. 2x in OT. Perhaps from alam (to bind or tie fast; to be silent or speechless, whether voluntary or involuntary). This is something that one hides from sight like a young boy. So, it could be a youth. It could also be a stripling.
^CCCLXXII “return” = shub. Same as “back and forth” in v15. See note CIX above.
^CCCLXXIII “killing” = nakah. Same as “kill” in v9. See note LXXI above.

^CCCLXXIV “took” = laqach. Same as “take” in v17. See note CXVIII above.
^CCCLXXV “brought” = bo. Same as “advanced” in v12. See note XCVI above.
^CCCLXXVI “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v7. See note LX above.
^CCCLXXVII “head” = rosh. Same as “head” in v5. See note XXXVII above.
^CCCLXXVIII “young man” = naar. Same as “boy” in v33. See note CCXXX above.
^CCCLXXIX “answered” = amar. Same as {untranslated} in v8. See note LXIII above.
^CCCLXXX “Bethlehemite” = Beth Hallachmi.  Related to “son” and “Bethlehem” in v12 & “daughter” and “family” in v25 & to “battle” in v1 & “fight” in v9 & “Bethlehem” in v12 & “loaves” in v17. 4x in OT. From Beth lechem (see note XC above). This is a resident of Bethlehem.