2 Corinthians 1

^I “Paul” = Paulos. From Latin Paulus (small, little). This is Paul or Paulos, meaning little.
^II “apostle” = apostolos. From apostello (to send, send away, send forth as a messenger, to commission); {from apo (from, away from) + stello (to set, arrange, prepare, provide for); {probably from histemi (to stand, place, set up, establish, stand firm)}}. This is a messenger – someone sent out on a mission as an envoy or delegate. It can also refer to someone set at liberty. Generally, this is a messenger who is meant to be a representative of the one who sent them. They are thus, set apart on a mission literally or figuratively.
^III “Christ” = Christos. From chrio (consecrate by anointing with oil; often done for prophets, priests, or kings). Literally, the anointed one, Christ. The Greek word for Messiah.
^IV “Jesus” = Ieosus. From Hebrew Yehoshua (Joshua, the Lord is salvation); {from YHVH (proper name of the God of Israel; the self-existent and eternal one); {from havah (to become) or from hayah (to come to pass, become, be)} + yasha (to deliver, defend, help, preserve, rescue; properly, to be open, wide or free, which implies being safe. So, in a causative sense, this is to free someone)}. This is Jesus or Joshua in Greek – the Lord saves or the Lord is salvation.

^V “will” = thelema. From thelo (to desire, wise, will, intend). This is the act of will, choice, purpose, or decree.
^VI “God” = Theos. From Proto-Indo-European origins, meaning do, put, place. This is God or a god in general.
^VII “Timothy” = Timoutheou. Related to “God” in v1. From time (worth or something’s perceived value; literally, price, but figuratively, the honor or value one sees in someone or something else; can be esteem or dignity; precious or valuables); {from tino (to pay, be punished, pay a penalty or fine because of a crime); from tio (to pay respect, value)} + Theos (see note VI above). This is Timothy, literally “dear to God.”
^VIII “brother” = adelphos. From a (with, community, fellowship) + delphus (womb). This is a brother in a literal or figurative sense. It is also used of another member of the Church.

^IX “church” = ekklesia. From ek (from, out from) + kaleo (to call by name, invite, to name, bid, summon, call aloud) {related to keleuo (to command, order, direct); from kelomai (to urge on)}. This is properly a calling out or an assembly. It was used to refer to a church.
^X “is” = eimi. This is to be, exist.
^XI “Corinth” = Korinthos. 6x in NT. From “Pre-Greek Pelasgian kar (point, peak); perhaps named after Corinthos, a descendant of the god Zeus.” This is Corinth. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Corinth
^XII “all” = pas. This is all, every.

^XIII “saints” = hagios. From hagnos (holy, sacred, pure ethically, ritually, or ceremonially; prepared for worship, chaste, unadulterated, pure to the core; undefiled by sin; figurative for innocent, modest, perfect). God is totally different from humanity and thus set apart. That which is consecrated to worship God (elements of worship) or to serve God (as the saints) are holy because they are now set apart for God’s purposes. Holy because important to God. This is sacred physically, pure. It can be morally blameless or ceremonially consecrated.
^XIV {untranslated} = eimi. Same as “is” in v1. See note X above.
^XV “throughout” = en + holos. Holos is whole, complete, or entire. It is a state where every member is present and functioning in concert. This is the root of the word “whole.”
^XVI “Achaia” = Achaia. 10x in NT. Perhaps from achos (pain, distress, or grief). This is Achaia, perhaps meaning pain or trouble. Achaia was also a name used to refer to Demeter. See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Achaia.html#.XsylTGhKhPY

^XVII “grace” = charis. From chairo (to rejoice, be glad; used to say hello; properly, delighting in the grace of God or experiencing God’s favor); from char– (to extend favor, lean towards, be inclined to be favorable towards). This is grace, kindness, favor, gratitude, thanks. It is the sense of being inclined to or favorable towards – leaning towards someone to share some good or benefit. This can be literal, figurative, or spiritual. It is grace as abstract concept, manner, or action.
^XVIII “peace” = eirene. Perhaps from eiro (to join, tie together to form a whole). This is one, peace, quietness, rest, peace of mind, harmony. Peace was a common farewell among Jews (i.e. shalom) and this well-wishing included a blessing of health and wholeness for the individual. This word also indicates wholeness and well-being – when everything that is essential is joined together properly. This is peace literally or figuratively. By implication, it is prosperity (but not in the sense of excessive wealth. Prosperity would have meant having enough from day to day.)
^XIX “Father” = Pater. This is father in a literal or figurative sense. Could be elder, senior, ancestor, originator, or patriarch.
^XX “Lord” = Kurios. From kuros (authority, supremacy). This is a respectful address meaning master or sir. It refers to one who has control or power greater than one’s own. So, it was also applied to God and Jesus as Master or Lord.

^XXI “blessed” = eulogetos. 8x in NT. From eulogeo (speaking well of – speaking so that the other is benefited; praise, bless, thank, or call for a blessing); {from eu (good, well, well done, rightly) + logos (word, statement, speech, analogy; a word that carries an idea or expresses a thought, a saying; a person with a message or reasoning laid out in words; by implication, a topic, line of reasoning, or a motive; can be used for a divine utterance or as Word – Christ); {from lego (to speak, tell, mention)}}. This is blessed, spoken well of, to be praiseworthy, or adorable. This is the root that “eulogy” comes from.
^XXII “mercies” = oiktirmos. 5x in NT. From oiktiro (to have compassion, sympathy, or pity); from oiktos (pity). This is grace, mercy or compassion. It is feeling something sympathetic when someone else is having a hard time or difficulty. Used both of the mercies of God and have human compassion.
^XXIII “consolation” = paraklesis. Related to “church” in v1. From parakaleo (to call to, summon, invite, request, or beg; to exhort or admonish; to encourage, comfort, or console; has legal overtones and is used of one’s advocate in a courtroom); {from para (beside, by, in the presence of) + kaleo (see note IX above)}. This is calling someone for help, a personal exhortation, comfort, encouragement, joy, entreaty, urging. This word comes from a legal setting – as bringing evidence to advocate for another in court. This word is related to the word “Advocate” or paraclete used for the Holy Spirit.

^XXIV “consoles” = parakaleo. Related to “church” in v1 & “consolation” in v3. See note XXIII above.
^XXV “affliction” = thlipsis. From thlibo (to press in on and make narrow, rub together, constrict; figuratively to oppress or afflict). This is pressure that hems us in – used often of internal pressure that makes us feel like we have no other options and are confined or restricted. So, this is persecution, affliction, trouble, distress, and anguish. There is a different word, stenoxoria, that refers to external pressure that we feel from what’s going on.
^XXVI “be able” = dunamai. This is to be able, or something that is possible. It can also be empowered or being powerful. The Greek word for “miracle” (dunamis) comes from this root.
^XXVII “any” = pas. Same as “all” in v1. See note XII above.

^XXVIII “sufferings” = pathema. 16x in NT. From pathos (passion, lust, suffering, something that happens to you, strong feelings); from pascho (to be acted on for good or ill; often used for negative treatment; properly, feeling strong emotions – especially suffering; can also be the ability to feel suffering). This is something that happens to you such as suffering, affliction, passion, or emotion. It can also be one’s capacity for deep feelings or enduring. Further, it can be hardship or pain.
^XXIX “are abundant” = perisseuo. From perissos (abundant, more, excessive, advantage, vehemently); from peri (all-around, encompassing, excess). This is more than what is ordinary or necessary. It is abounding, overflowing, being leftover, going above and beyond. It is super-abounding in number or quality.
^XXX “afflicted” = thlibo. Related to “affliction” in v4. 10x in NT. See note XXV above.
^XXXI “salvation” = soteria. From soter (a savior, deliverer); from sozo (to save, heal, preserve, or rescue; taking someone from danger to safety; delivering or protecting literally or figuratively); from sos (safe, rescued, well). This is deliverance, salvation, preservation, welfare, prosperity, safety.

^XXXII “experience” = energeo. From energes (active, effective, operative, energized, powerful); {from en (in, at, by, with, among) + ergon (word, task, action, employment); {from ergo (to work, accomplish) or from erdo (to do)}}. This is to be at work, accomplish, be mighty or effectual. This is where “energy” comes from.
^XXXIII “patiently endure” = hupomone. From hupo (by, under, about) + meno (to stay, remain, wait, await, continue, abide). This is properly to remain behind or remain under. It implies endurance, patience, steadfastness, and waiting in hope.
^XXXIV “suffering” = pascho. Related to “sufferings” in v5. See note XXVIII above.
^XXXV “hope” = elpis. From elpo (to anticipate, welcome, expect; usually to anticipate positively). This is expectation, hope, trust, confidence faith. The expectation can be abstract or concrete.
^XXXVI “unshaken” = bebaios. 9x in NT. From the same as basis (a step; hence, a foot, pace, or base); from baino (to walk or go). Properly, this is ground that is solid enough to walk over. So, this is firm, unshakable. Figuratively, it is guaranteed, valid, sure, steadfast, enduring. Literally and figuratively “solid footing.”

^XXXVII “know” = eido. This is to know, consider perceive, appreciate, behold, or remember. It means seeing with one’s eyes, but also figuratively, it means perceiving – seeing that becomes understanding. So, by implication, this means knowing or being aware.
^XXXVIII “share” = koinonos + eimi. Koinonos is 10x in NT. From koinonoia (sharing in common so it is fellowship, participation, communion, and aid that comes from the community); from koinos (common, shared, unclean, ritually profane); probably from sun (with, together with). This is partner, companion, partaker, sharer. Eimi is the same as “is” in v1. See note X above.
^XXXIX “sufferings” = pathema. Same as “sufferings” in v5. See note XXVIII above.

^XL “want” = thelo. Related to “will” in v1. See note V above.
^XLI “be ignorant” = agnoeo. From a (not) + noieo (to perceive, think, understand); {from nous (mind, understanding, reasoning faculty, intellect, capacity to reflect); from noos (mind); probably from the base as ginosko (to know, recognize, realize, perceive, learn; gaining knowledge through personal experience)}. This is unaware not to know. Sometimes it is willful ignorance, but other times it is simply not knowing.
^XLII “experienced” = ginomai. This is to come into being, to happen, become, be born. It can be to emerge from one state or condition to another or is coming into being with the sense of movement or growth.
^XLIII “Asia” = Asia. 18x in NT. Perhaps from Hittite assuwa (22 allied ancient states in Anatolia) OR Aegean asis (muddy, silty) OR Semitic root asu (rising or light; Asia as land to the east). This is Asia, the Roman province, which consisted of western Asia Minor. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_continent_name_etymologies

^XLIV “utterly” = huperbole. 8x in NT. From huperballo (to surpass, exceed, or excel; properly, to throw beyond or run beyond; transcending, eminent, or surpassing); {from huper (over, above, beyond) + ballo (to throw, cast, place, put, rush, drop)}. This is excess, surpassing, exceedingly. Properly, it means to throw past so it can also mean abundance or preeminence. It is where the word “hyperbole” comes from.
^XLV “unbearably” = huper + dunamis. Dunamis is related to “be able” in v4. From dunamai (see note XXVI above). This is might, strength, physical power, efficacy, energy, and miraculous power. It is force literally or figuratively – the power of a miracle or the miracle itself.
^XLVI “crushed” = bareo. Related to “unshaken” in v7. 6x in NT. From barus (heavy, burdensome; figuratively, violent, oppressive; that which presses down on someone so that they cannot move freely); from the same as baros (weight, burden in a literal or figurative sense; authority); from baino (see note XXXVI above). This is heavy, press, weigh down, or burden.

^XLVII “despaired” = exaporeo. 2x in NT– both in 2 Corinthians. From ek (from, from out of) + aporeo (perplexed, in doubt; mentally at a loss); {from a (not, without) + poros (way, resource)}. This is to despair, be at a loss, have no way out.
^XLVIII “life” = zao. This is to live literally or figuratively. It is used for life including the vitality of humans, plants, and animals – it is life physical and spiritual and life everlasting.
^XLIX “received” = echo. This is to have, hold, possess.
^L “sentence” = apokrima. 1x in NT. From apokrinomai (to reply or respond, to draw one’s own conclusions, to speak when one is expected to); {from apo (from, away from) + krino (to judge, decide, think good, condemn, determine, pass judgment, stand trial, sue; judging whether in court or in a private setting; properly, mentally separating or distinguishing an issue – to come to a choice or decision, to judge positively or negatively in seeking what is right or wrong, who is innocent or guilty; can imply trying, condemning, punishing, or avenging)}. This is answer, judicial sentence.

^LI “death” = thanatos. From thnesko (to die, be dead). This is death, whether literal or spiritual. It can also refer to something that is fatal.
^LII “would” = eimi. Same as “is” in v1. See note X above.
^LIII “rely” = peitho. This is to have confidence, to urge, be persuaded, agree, assure, believe, have confidence, trust. It is the root from which the Greek word for faith is drawn (pistis).
^LIV “raises” = egeiro. This is to awake, raise up or lift up. It can be to get up from sitting or lying down, to get up from sleeping, to rise from a disease or from death. Figuratively, it can be rising from inactivity or from ruins.
^LV “dead” = nekros. Perhaps from nekus (corpse). This is dead or lifeless, mortal, corpse. It can also be used figuratively for powerless or ineffective. It is where the word “necrotic” comes from.

^LVI “rescued” = rhuomai. 18x in NT– including from the Lord’s prayer “deliver us from evil”. Related to eruo (to draw or drag) OR related to rheo (to flow, overflow). This is to rescue or set free. It is to deliver from danger, to snatch up.
^LVII “so” = telikoutos. 4x in NT. From ho (the) + helikos (of what size, how much; properly, full grown, an adult); {from helix (mature, adult, of the same age)} + houtos (this, they, that, third person pronoun); {probably from ho (the) + autos (he, she, self, they, same)}. This is so large, important, vast, great, old. It can refer to potential or magnitude.
^LVIII “deadly” = thanatos. Same as “death” in v9. See note LI above.
^LIX “set…hope” = elpizo. Related to “hope” in v7. From elpis (see note XXXV above). This is to expect, trust, hope for, or to wait in an active way.

^LX “join in helping” = sunupourgeo. Related to “experience” in v6. 1x in NT. From sun (with, together with) + hupourgeo (to serve, assist) OR from sun (with, together with) + hupo (by, under, about, subordinate to) + ergon (see note XXXII above). This is to help together, assist.
^LXI “prayers” = deesis. 18x in NT. From deomai (having an urgent need because one is missing or needing something so it is an earnest appeal or pressing request); from deo (to tie, bind, fasten, impel, compel; to declare something against the law or prohibited). This is a request coming from a deep personal need or want. So, it is supplication or prayer.
^LXII “many” = polus. This is much, often, plenteous – a large number or a great extent.
^LXIII {untranslated} = prosopon. From pros (at, towards, with) + ops (eye, face); {from optanomai (to appear, be seen); perhaps from horao (become, seem, appear)}. This is the face, surface, or front. It can imply presence more generally.

^LXIV “give thanks” = eucharisteo. Related to “blessed” in v3 & to “grace” in v2 & “blessing” in v11. From eu (see note XXI above) + charis (see note XVII above). This is giving thanks, being thankful. It is a recognition that God’s grace is good and actively showing gratitude. It can also be used for saying grace before eating. This is where “eucharist” comes from.
^LXV “blessing” = charisma. Related to “grace” in v2. 17x in NT. From charizomai (to show favor, kindness, or grace, to pardon, forgive); from charis (see note XVII above). This is grace, undeserved favor, a free gift, or a spiritual gift. It is the working of grace, some spiritual gift or religious qualification. It could be some kind of miraculous endowment.
^LXVI “boast” = kauchesis. 11x in NT. From kauchaomai (literally holding one’s head high – to boast proudly or to glory, joy, exult, rejoice; boasting in a positive or negative sense); {perhaps from auxen (neck)} + euchomai (to pray, wish, or will). This can be boasting, glorying, or rejoicing. It can be boasting in a positive or negative sense.
^LXVII “testimony” = marturion. 19x in NT. From martus (a witness whether having heard or seen something; witness literally, judicially, or figuratively; by analogy, a martyr). This is something that counts as evidence whether a witness, testimony, or other proof.
^LXVIII “conscience” = suneidesis. Related to “know” in v7. From suneidon (to see together and so know, realize, consider, be conscious of); {from sun (with, together with) + eidon (shape, appearance, kind; something observable; form in a literal or figurative sense); from eido (see note XXXVII above)}. This is properly to know together. The conscience, found in all, is a moral and spiritual capacity granted by God so that we can understand together what is good and right.

^LXIX “behaved” = anastrepho. 9x in NT. From ana (up, again, back, among, anew) + strepho (to turn, change, turn back, be converted; to turn around completely to take the opposite path or a completely different one); {from trope (turning, shifting, a revolution; figuratively, a variation); from trepo (to turn)}. This is to turn back, return, or over turn. It can also imply busying oneself and so to remain, dwell, behave, or live somewhere.
^LXX “world” = kosmos. Perhaps from the base of komizo (to carry, convey, recover); from komeo (to take care of). This is order, the world, the universe, including its inhabitants. Literally, this is something that is ordered so it can refer to all creation. It can also refer to decoration in the sense that something is better ordered and, thus, made more beautiful. This is where “cosmos” and “cosmetics” come from.
^LXXI “holiness” = haplotes. 8x in NT. From haplous (properly, unfolded; simple as a single thing; sound, perfect, fixed focus without ulterior motive); {from a (with) + perhaps ploos (voyage, navigation)}; {from pleo (to sail, voyage); probably from pluno (to plunge – so to wash); from pluo (to flow)}}. This is singleness, simplicity, purity, bountifulness. It is sincerity that is not self-seeking. Objectively, this can be generosity.

^LXXII “godly” = theos. Same as “God” in v1. See note VI above.
^LXXIII “sincerity” = eilikrineia. Related to “sentence” in v9. 3x in NT. From eilikrines (unmixed, pure; something that is seen in the sunlight or full light and judged positively; also, full light that brings insight or discernment); {perhaps from heile (ray of the sun) + krino (see note L above)}. This is literally, something that is judged under sunlight. So, it is clearness, purity, or sincerity.
^LXXIV “earthly” = sarkikos. 7x in NT. From sarx (the body, human nature, being related; not always evil in scripture as when it refers to Jesus taking on a human body; generally used in a negative way for actions made selfishly and not through faith; can mean meat from an animal, or refer to body in contrast to soul/spirit; can be a way of talking about how things or people are related or talking about human frailty, physical or moral); may be from saroo (to sweep, cleanse); from sairo (to brush off). This is bodily, material, animal.

^LXXV “wisdom” = sophia. From sophos (wise, clever, skilled, learned, cultivated); related to saphes (clear). This is skill, wisdom, insight, intelligence, clarity. It is wisdom as applied through a practical skill or shrewdness. It is not thoughtfulness or the mere gaining of intelligence for its own sake. Sophia is wisdom in action for everyday living.
^LXXVI “all the more” = perissos. Related to “are abundant” in v5. 17x in NT. See note XXIX above.
^LXXVII “write” = grapho. This is to write or describe. It is where the word “graphic” comes from.
^LXXVIII “other” = allos. This is other, another. Specifically, it is another of a similar kind or type. There is a different word in Greek that speaks of another as a different kind (heteros).

^LXXIX “read” = anaginosko. Related to “be ignorant” in v8. From ana (upwards, up, again, back, anew) + ginosko (see note XLI above). This is literally to know again – to recognize, read, or discern.
^LXXX “understand” = epiginosko. Related to “be ignorant” in v8 & “read” in v13. From epi (on, upon, what is fitting) + ginosko (see note XLI above). This is to perceive, discern, acknowledge, recognize, know exactly because of direct interaction.
^LXXXI “hope” = elpizo. Same as “set…hope” in v10. See note LIX above.
^LXXXII “end” = telos. From tel– (to reach a goal or aim); This is an end, aim, purpose, completion, goal, consummation, or tax. It is completing a stage of something and everything that results from that completion. It can be literal or figurative.

^LXXXIII “part” = meros. From meiromai (to get your allotment or portion). This is a part, a share, or a portion.
^LXXXIV “day” = hemera. Perhaps from hemai (to sit). This is day, time, or daybreak.
^LXXXV “boast” = kauchema. Related to “boast” in v12. 11x in NT. From kauchaomai (see note LXVI above). This is the reason for boasting or the boast itself. It could be confidence or reason for pride/glorying. It looks at the result of the boast.
^LXXXVI “sure” = pepoithesis. Related to “rely” in v9. 6x in NT. From peitho (see note LIII above). This is persuasion, confidence, trust. It is related to the Greek word for faith – pistis.
^LXXXVII “wanted” = boulomai. This is to wish, desire, intend. Also, to plan with great determination.

^LXXXVIII “come” = erchomai. This is to come or go.
^LXXXIX “first” = proteron. 11x in NT. From proteros (before, first, previously); from pro (before, ahead, earlier than, above). This is formerly, before.
^XC “have” = echo. Same as “received” in v9. See note XLIX above.
^XCI “double” = deuteros. From duo (two, both). This is second, twice, again. It is part of where “Deuteronomy” comes from, which means “second law” or “a repetition of the law.” See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Deuteronomy
^XCII “favor” = charis. Same as “grace” in v2. See note XVII above.

^XCIII “visit on…way” = dierchomai. Related to “come” in v15. From dia (through, across to the other side, thoroughly) + erchomai (see note LXXXVIII above). This is to go through, come, depart, pierce, travel, traverse.
^XCIV “Macedonia” = Makedonia. From makedonia (Macedonia, highland); from makednos (high or tall). This is Macedonia in Greece. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Macedonia
^XCV “send…on” = propempo. 9x in NT. From pro (before, first, in front of, earlier) + pempo (to send, put forth, or dispatch; often a temporary errand; sending someone with a focus on the place they departed from). This is to send forth, accompany, escort. It is to prepare for a journey.
^XCVI “Judea” = Ioudaia. From Hebrew Yehudah (Judah, son of Jacob, his tribal descendants, a name for the southern kingdom. Literally, it means praised); probably from yadah (to throw one’s hands into the air in a gesture of praise); from yad (hand). This is Judea, which was a Roman province.

^XCVII “vacillating” = meti + ara + ho + elaphria + chraomai. Meti is 17x in NT. From me (not, neither, never; rules out conditional statements and their implications) + tis (someone, anyone, anything). This is asking a question when you expect the answer to be no. It is if not, surely no. But it also keeps a small possibility floating – but could it be? Ara is perhaps similar to aro (to join) OR from airo (raise, take up, lift, remove). This is therefore, perhaps, so, truly. Elaphria is 1x in NT. From elaphros (light as in easy to carry because its weight is low or because it is not cumbersome); perhaps related to elauno (to propel or carry – to drive forward with oars or like the wind does; driven by a demon); akin to elasson (smaller, worse, younger, lesser quality); related to elachistos smallest or littlest in the sense of size, amount, rank, dignity, and so on); from elachus (short); used as a superlative for mikros (small). This is lightness, as in low weight. It can also be levity or fickleness. Chraomai is 11x in NT. This is to use, make use of, give what is needed, act in a specific way, request.
^XCVIII “wanted” = boulomai. Same as “wanted” in v15. See note LXXXVII above.
^XCIX “make…plans” = bouleuo. Related to “wanted” in v15. 6x in NT. From boule (counsel, plan, purpose, decision; wisdom that comes from deliberation); from boulomai (see note LXXXVII above). This is to deliberate, consider, plan together, advise, or resolve to do something.

^C “human standards” = sarx. Related to “earthly” in v12. See note LXXIV above.
^CI {untranslated} = bouleuo. Same as “make…plans” in v17. See note XCVIII above.
^CII “ready” = eimi. Same as “is” in v1. See note X above.
^CIII “yes” = nai. This is yes, truly, indeed. It is a strong affirmation.
^CIV “faithful” = pistos. Related to “rely” in v9 & “sure” in v15. From peitho (see note LIII above). This is faithful, trustworthy, reliable, sure, or true. It is a fullness of faith. This is the same root as the word “faith” in Greek.
^CV “word” = logos. Related to “blessed” in v3. See note XXI above.

^CVI “Son” = huios. This is son, descendant – a son whether natural born or adopted. It can be used figuratively for other forms of kinship.
^CVII “proclaimed” = kerusso. This is to proclaim, preach, publish. Properly, it is to act as a herald – announcing something publicly with confidence and/or to persuade.
^CVIII “Silvanus” = Silouanos. 4x in NT. Latin form of Silas (Silas; Saul); from Aramaic – cognate of Hebrew Shaul (Saul, meaning “asked of the Lord”); {from shaal (to ask, inquire)} OR {from Latin Silvanus (Silvanus, god of forests); {from silva (forest, grove); from Proto-Indo-European *sel- or *swell- (board, threshold)). This is Silvanus, meaning either “asked of the Lord” or “forest.” See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Silvanus
^CIX “was” = ginomai. Same as “experience” in v8. See note XLII above.
^CX “has always been” = ginomai. Same as “experience” in v8. See note XLII above.

^CXI “promises” = epaggelia. From epi (on, upon, against, what is fitting) + aggello (to announce, report); {from aggelos (angel, messenger); probably from ago (to lead, bring, carry, guide, drive)}. This is a summons, promise, or message. It is a formal promise that is officially sanctioned. In the New Testament, this usually refers to a promise made in the Old Testament.
^CXII “Amen” = amen. From Hebrew amen (verily, truly, amen, truth, so be it, faithfulness); from aman (to believe, endure, fulfill, confirm, support, be faithful, put one’s trust in, be steadfast. Figuratively, this is to be firm, steadfast, or faithful, trusting, believing, being permanent, morally solid). This word is literally firmness, but figuratively fidelity, faithfulness, honesty, responsibility, trust, truth, steadfastness. Properly, it is to be sure, certain, or firm. This is a word of emphasis indicating that something crucial follows.
^CXIII “glory” = doxa. From dokeo (to have an opinion, seem, appear, suppose; a personal judgment; to think); from dokos (opinion). This is literally something that evokes a good opinion – something that connects to our understanding of intrinsic worth. The ultimate expression of this is, of course, God and God’s manifestation. So, this is opinion, honor, and dignity, but also praise, glory, renown, and worship.

^CXIV “establishes” = bebaioo. Related to “unshaken” in v7 & “crushed” in v8. 8x in NT. From bebaios (see note XXXVI above). This is secure, guarantee, reliable, firm, dependable. It is something that you can put your trust in.
^CXV “anointed” = chrio. Related to “Christ” in v1. 5x in NT. See note III above.
^CXVI “put…seal” = sphragizo. 15x in NT. From sphragis (a seal, signet, or signet ring; also the impression of that seal; so, the thing attested to by that seal – proof or a signifier of privacy); perhaps from phrasso (to stop, fence in). Properly, this is sealing something with some kind of stamp that tells who the owner is, gives it authorization or validity. It shows that the owner lends their full authority or backing to the matter in question. This was the ancient world’s equivalent of a signature on a legal document to guarantee the commitments made in the document. There were also tattoos that were given to show who someone belonged to in a religious sense.
^CXVII “given” = didomi. To give, offer, place, bestow, deliver. This is give in a literal or figurative sense.

^CXVIII “Spirit” = pneuma. From pneo (to blow, breathe, breathe hard). This is wind, breath, or ghost. A breeze or a blast or air, a breath. Figuratively used for a spirit, the human soul or part of us that is rational. It is also used supernaturally for angels, demons, God, and the Holy Spirit. This is where pneumonia comes from.
^CXIX “hearts” = kardia. Literally the heart, but figuratively mind, character, inner self, will, intention, thoughts, feelings. Also, the center of something. The word heart is only used figuratively in the Old and New Testaments. This is where “cardiac” comes from.
^CXX “down payment” = arrabon. 3x in NT. From Hebrew erabon (a pledge – something given to be a surety); from arab (to bargain, barter, give or take in pledge; to braid or intermingle). This is a deposit or down payment – a security as a guarantee.

^CXXI “call on” = epikaleo. Related to “church” in v1 & “consolation” in v3 & “consoles” in v4. From epi (on, upon, among, what is fitting) + kaleo (see note Ix above). This is to call on, appeal to, worship, invoke for help.
^CXXII “witness” = martus. Related to “testimony” in v12. See note LXVII above.
^CXXIII “me” = psuche. From psucho (to breathe, blow). This is breath, the breath of life, the self, individual, soul. This is the word for that which makes a person unique – their identity, will, personality, affections. This isn’t the soul as the immortal part of us, but as our individuality. It is also not life as a general concept, but specific to people. This is where the words psyche and psychology come from.
^CXXIV “spare” = pheidomai. 10x in NT. This is to spare, refrain, or to treat with leniency.

^CXXV “lord…over” = kurieuo. Related to “Lord” in v2. 7x in NT. From kurios (see note XX above). This is to be lord of, rule, lord over.
^CXXVI “faith” = pistis. Related to “rely” in v9 & “sure” in v15 & “faithful” in v18. From peitho (see note LIII above). This is less about knowing, believing, and repeating a list of doctrines then it is about trusting God. Faith means listening to God and seeking to live a holy life even (and especially) when we don’t understand how everything works or fits together. Faith is about being faithful (trusting and doing) rather than being all knowing.
^CXXVII “workers with” = sunergos. Related to “experience” in v6 & “join in helping” in v11. 13x in NT. From sun (with, together with) + the base of ergon (see note XXXII above). This is co-worker, associate, helper, co-laborer or one’s companion during labor.

^CXXVIII “joy” = chara. Related to “grace” in v2 & “blessing” and “give thanks” in v11. From chairo (see note XVII above). This is joy, delight, gladness. Can be understood as the feeling you get when you are aware of grace.
^CXXIX “stand firm” = histemi. Related to “apostle” in v1. See note II above.
^CXXX “faith” = pistis. Same as “faith” in v24. See note CXXVI above.