2 Corinthians 3:12-4:2

^A “have” = echo. This is to have, hold, or possess.
^B “hope” = elpis. From elpo (to anticipate, welcome, expect; usually to anticipate positively). This is expectation, hope, trust, confidence faith. The expectation can be abstract or concrete.
^C “act” = chraomai. 11x in NT. This is to use, make use of, give what is needed, act in a specific way, request.
^D “great” = polus. This is much, often, plenteous – a large number or a great extent.
^E “boldness” = parresia. From pas (all, every, each) + rhesis (speech); {from rheo (say, speak of, command)}. This is confidence, openness, boldness, outspokenness. It can imply assurance – free speech.

^F “Moses” = Mouses. From Hebrew Mosheh (Moses); from mashah (to pull out in a literal or figurative sense, to draw out) OR from Egyptian mes or mesu (child, son i.e. child of…). This is Moses – the one drawn out from the water, which is to say, rescued. If derived from the Egyptian, his name would share a root with Rameses and Thutmose.
^G “put” = tithemi. This is to put, place, set, fix, establish in a literal or figurative sense. Properly, it is placing something in a passive or horizontal position.
^H “veil” = kalumma. 4x in NT – all in this passage. From kalupto (to cover, hide, conceal; figuratively, to keep hidden or secret); related to kalube (hut, cabin). This is a covering or veil.
^I “face” = prosopon. From pros (at, towards, with) + ops (eye, face); {from optanomai (to appear, be seen); perhaps from horao (become, seem, appear)}. This is the face, surface, or front. It can imply presence more generally.

^J “people” = huios. This is son, descendant – a son whether natural born or adopted. It can be used figuratively for other forms of kinship.
^K “Israel” = Israel. From Hebrew Yisrael (God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring); {from sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + el (God or god)}. This is Israel the people and the land.
^L “gazing” = atenizo. 14x in NT. From a (has an intensive sense) + teino (to stretch, extend, strain). This is to gaze or look steadily at with one’s full attention and fascination.
^M “end” = telos. From tel– (to reach a goal or aim); This is an end, aim, purpose, completion, goal, consummation, or tax. It is completing a stage of something and everything that results from that completion. It can be literal or figurative.
^N “being set aside” = katargeo. From kata (down, against, according to, among) + argeo (to delay, linger, be at rest, be idle, do nothing); {from argos (inactive, idle, lazy, thoughtless, useless, unemployed, unprofitable) {from a (not) + ergon (word, task, action, employment)}}. This is making something inactive or bringing it to nothing. So, it could mean making something inoperative or powerless, annulling, or severing. It can also mean to make something ineffective or invalid.

^O “minds” = noema. 6x in NT. From noeo (to think, understand, conceive, realize, see; one who thinks things through sufficiently to reach a conclusion or value judgment; moral reasoning.); {from nous (mind, understanding, reasoning faculty, intellect, capacity to reflect); from noos (mind); probably from the base as ginosko (to know, recognize, realize, perceive, learn; gaining knowledge through personal experience)}. This is thought, scheme, feeling, heart, purpose, understanding, perception, intellect. It is what the mind produces – the result of thinking.
^P “were hardened” = poroo. 5x in NT. From poros (a stone, callous). This is to harden, petrify, of rock. Figuratively, this can be insensitive, callous, or dense.
^Q “this very day” = semeron + hemera. Semeron is from hemera (day, time, daybreak); perhaps from hemai (to sit). This is today, now, at present. Hemera is related to “this very” in v3:14. See above.

^R “hear the reading” = anagnosis. Related to “minds” in v3:14. 3x in NT. From anaginosko (literally to know again – to recognize, read, or discern); {from ana (upwards, up, again, back, anew) + ginosko (see note O above)}. This is a reading such as a public reading.
^S “old” = palaios. 19x in NT. From palai (former, of old); probably from palin (back, again, further). This is old, ancient, or worn out.
^T “covenant” = diatheke. Related to “put” in v3:13. From diatithemi (to place separately – to make a will or covenant; this is arranging ahead of time how things will be accomplished); {from dia (through, because of, across, thoroughly) + tithemi (see note G above)}. This is a will, covenant, contract, or agreement.
^U “is still there” = meno + me + anakalupto. Literally, “remains not uncovered.” Meno is to stay, remain, wait, await, continue, abide, endure. It can mean to literally stay in a place or to remain in a condition or to continue with hope and expectation. Anakalupto is related to “veil” in v3:13. 2x in NT – both in this passage. From ana (upwards, up, again, back, anew) + kalupto (see note H above). This is to unveil or uncover.
^V “Christ” = Christos. From chrio (consecrate by anointing with oil; often done for prophets, priests, or kings). Literally, the anointed one, Christ. The Greek word for Messiah.

^W “is read” = anaginosko. Related to “minds” and “hear the reading” in v3:14. See note R above.
^X “lies” = keimai. This is to lie, recline, be set, appointed, destined. It is to lie down literally or figuratively.
^Y “minds” = kardia. Literally the heart, but figuratively mind, character, inner self, will, intention, thoughts, feelings. Also, the center of something. The word heart is only used figuratively in the Old and New Testaments. This is where “cardiac” comes from.
^Z “turns” = epistrepho. From epi (on, upon, among, what is fitting) + strepho (to turn, change, turn back, be converted; to turn around completely to take the opposite path or a completely different one); {from trope (turning, shifting, a revolution; figuratively, a variation); from trepo (to turn)}. This is to turn, return, or come again. It can also mean to revert. It is turning in a literal or figurative sense – also a moral turning.
^AA “Lord” = Kurios. From kuros (authority, supremacy). This is a respectful address meaning master or sir. It refers to one who has control or power greater than one’s own. So, it was also applied to God and Jesus as Master or Lord.
^BB “removed” = periaireo. 5x in NT. From peri (about, concerning, all around, encompassing) + haireo (to take, choose, or prefer) {probably related to airo (raise, take up, lift, remove)}. This is to take away, strip off, separate, leave behind, to weigh anchor, to expiate.

^CC “Spirit” = Pneuma. From pneo (to blow, breath, breathe hard). This is wind, breath, or ghost. A breeze or a blast or air, a breath. Figuratively used for a spirit, the human soul or part of us that is rational. It is also used supernaturally for angels, demons, God, and the Holy Spirit. This is where pneumonia comes from.
^DD “freedom” = eleutheria. 11x in NT. From eleutheros (a free person, at liberty, not a slave; properly, unshackled – figuratively, it is one who has the freedom to choose their destiny. Also, it is one who does not have obligation or liability); probably from erchomai (to come or go). This is liberty or freedom. Particularly, it would be release from slavery. It can also refer to moral freedom.
^EE “all” = pas. Related to “boldness” in v3:12. See note E above.
^FF “unveiled” = anakalupto. Same as “is still there” in v3:14. See note U above.
^GG “glory” = doxa. From dokeo (to have an opinion, seem, appear, suppose; a personal judgment; to think); from dokos (opinion). This is literally something that evokes a good opinion – something that connects to our understanding of intrinsic worth. The ultimate expression of this is, of course, God and God’s manifestation. So, this is opinion, honor, and dignity, but also praise, glory, renown, and worship.

^HH “seeing…as though reflected in a mirror” = katoptrizo. Related to “face” in v3:13 .1x in NT. From katoptron (mirror) OR from kata (down, against, throughout, among) + a derivative of optanomai (see note I above). This is to reflect in a literally or figurative sense.
^II “being transformed into” = metamorphoo. 4x in NT. From meta (with among, behind, beyond; implies a change following contact or action) + morpho (to form, mold, shape; coming into the shape that signified inner essence) {from morphe (form, shape, external appearance; an appearance that embodies inner essence; figuratively, the nature of something); {perhaps from meros (a part or share, portion); {from meiromai (to get one’s allotment or portion)}. This is to transform or change. It is the root that “metamorphosis” comes from.
^JJ “image” = eikon. From eiko (resemble, be like) OR perhaps related to eiko (to submit, give way, be weak, yield). This is a likeness such as an image, statue, or other representation. It implies a prototype that is being mirrored – a replication rather than a shadow. It can be an image in a figurative sense as well. This is where the word “icon” comes from.
^KK “from one degree of glory to another” = apo + doxa + eis + doxa.  Literally, “from glory to glory.” Doxa is the same as “glory” in v3:18. See note GG above.

^LL “mercy” = eleeo. From eleos (mercy, pity, tender mercy, or compassion; generally understood in action by word or deed). This is to have pity on, show mercy to, be compassionate; often used for God’s grace. When we sing or say “kyrie eleison” (Lord, have mercy), it is from this root verb.
^MM “engaged in” = echo. Same as “have” in v3:12. See note A above.
^NN “ministry” = diakonia. Perhaps from dia (through, across to the other side, thoroughly) + konis (dust) OR from dioko (to chase after, put to flight; by implication, to persecute or to purse like a hunter after its prey; this can be earnestly pursue or zealously persecute) {related to dio (put to flight)}. This is service, ministry, attending someone, service. It can mean serving someone at a table or otherwise as their servant/slave. It is also used for people who serve/minister in temples, as well as the work of Christian ministry. Figuratively, this word can mean money given for charity. This shares a root with “deacon” and is where the word “diaconate” comes from.
^OO “lose heart” = ekkakeo. 6x in NT. From ek (from, from out of) + kakos (bad, evil, harm, ill; evil that is part of someone’s core character – intrinsic, rotted, worthless, depraved, causing harm; deep inner malice that comes from a rotten character). This is to be faint, bad, fail, or be weak. It is the aftermath of deep, inner weariness – exhausted or dispirited.

^PP “renounced” = apeipon. 1x in NT. From apo (from, away from) + eipon (if somehow); {related to lego (to speak, tell, mention)} OR from apo (from, away from) + epo or eiron (to answer, bring word, command). This is to renounce or refuse, disown.
^QQ “shameful things” = aischune. 6x in NT. From the same as aischuno (to dishonor, put to shame, shrink, disfigure); from aischos (shame, disgrace, disfigurement). This is shame, disgrace, dishonesty, a shameful thing. This can be used in an abstract or concrete sense.
^RR “hides” = kruptos. 19x in NT. From krupto (to hide by covering, secret, hidden things). This is something concealed, hidden, secret, or private. It can also refer to the inner nature. This is the root of the word “cryptography.”

^SS “refuse to practice” = me + peripateo. Literally, “not walking in. Peripateo is from peri (about, concerning, around, encompassing) + pateo (to read, trample on; to trample literally or figuratively); {from patos (trodden) OR from paio (to strike, smite, sting; a hit like a single blow)}. This is to walk. Going from Hebrew figurative language, to walk referred to how you conducted your life, how you chose to live. This word is most literally walking around. Figuratively, it is living, behaving, following, how you occupy yourself. This is where “peripatetic” comes from.
^TT “cunning” = panourgia. Related to “boldness” in v3:12 & “all” in v3:18 & “being set aside” in v3:13. 5x in NT. From panourgos (crafty, skillful; one who would done whatever is needed to get their own way); {from pas (see note E above) + ergon (see note N above)}. This is craftiness, cunning, or trickery. It is doing anything and everything to make something evil or self-serving happen.
^UU “falsify” = doloo. 1x in NT. From dolos (literally bait, but used figuratively for treachery, stealth, guile, or deceit); from dello (probably to decoy). This is to ensnare or adulterate. It has the sense of capturing with bait, i.e. being deceitful. It can also mean to alter gold or wine.
^VV “God’s” = Theos. From Proto-Indo-European origins, meaning do, put, place. This is God or a god in general.
^WW “word” = logos. Related to “renounced” in v4:2. From lego (see note PP above). This is word, statement, speech, analogy. It is a word that carries an idea or expresses a thought, a saying. It could refer to a person with a message or reasoning laid out in words. By implication, this could be a topic, line of reasoning, or a motive. It can be used for a divine utterance or as Word – Christ.

^XX “open statement” = phanerosis. 2x in NT. From phaneroo (to make visible or clear, to make known; properly, to illumine and so to make apparent or bring into open view); from phaneros (visible, apparent, clear, shining); from phos (light, a source of light, fire, or radiance; light with specific reference to what it reveals; luminousness whether natural or artificial, abstract or concrete, literal or figurative); from phao (to shine); from the same as phaino (to bring light, cause to appear, shine, become visible or clear). This is manifestation or disclosure. It is an exhibition, expression, or bestowment.   
^YY “truth” = aletheia. From alethes (true, unconcealed; true because it is in concert with fact and reality – attested; literally, what cannot be hidden; truth stands up to test and scrutiny and is undeniable, authentic). {from a (not, without) + lanthano (unnoticed, concealed)}. Truth is literally that which is not or cannot be concealed. This word covers more than the sense of true versus false. It spoke of truth as that which corresponds to reality – reality as opposed to illusion. Thus, it includes, sincerity, straightforwardness, and reality itself.
^ZZ “commend” = sunistemi. 16x in NT. From sun (with, together with) + histemi (to stand, place, establish, appoint, stand ready, be steadfast). This is to establish, exhibit, demonstrate, stand together, prove.

^AAA “conscience” = suneidesis. From suneidon (to see together and so know, realize, consider, be conscious of); {from sun (with, together with) + eidon (shape, appearance, kind; something observable; form in a literal or figurative sense); from eido (to know, remember, perceive – to see and so understand)}. This is properly to know together. The conscience, found in all, is a moral and spiritual capacity granted by God so that we can understand together what is good and right.
^BBB “everyone” = pas…anthropos. Pas is the same as “all” in v3:18. See note EE above. Anthropos is related to “face” in v3:13 & “seeing…as though reflected in a mirror” in v3:18. Probably from aner (man, male, husband) + ops (eye, face); {from optanomai (see note I above)}. This is human, humankind. Used for all genders.
^CCC “in the sight of” = enopios. Related to “face” in v3:13 & “seeing…as though reflected in a mirror” in v3:18 & “everyone” in v4:2. From en (in, on, at, by, with) + ops (see note BBB above). This is literally “in sight of.” It means before in a literal or figurative sense.