2 Corinthians 5

^I “know” = eido. This is to know, consider perceive, appreciate, behold, or remember. It means seeing with one’s eyes, but also figuratively, it means perceiving – seeing that becomes understanding. So, by implication, this means knowing or being aware.
^II “earthly” = epigeios. 7x in NT. From epi (on, upon, what is fitting) + ge (earth, land, soil, region, country, the inhabitants of an area). This is earthly or worldly. It can mark the earth in contrast to the sky or the earth in contrast to heaven. It can include all of physical life or describe the moral character of the world.
^III “tent” = skenos. 2x in NT – both in 2 Corinthians 5. From skene (a tent, booth, tabernacle, dwelling – in a literal or figurative sense). This is a tent or tabernacle. It can refer to a human body as well as a temporary dwelling.

^IV “live in” = oikia. From oikos (house – the building, the household, the family, descendants; the temple). This is a house, household, goods, property, family, or means.
^V “destroyed” = kataluo. 17x in NT. From kata (down, against, throughout, among) + luo (to loose, release, untie; figuratively, to break, destroy, or annul; releasing what had been withheld). Literally, this means thoroughly loosening. It can mean unharnessing or unyoking animals and so to lodge somewhere for a night. It can also mean to disintegrate or demolish in a literal or figurative sense. So, it can be destroy, overthrow, abolish, or tear down.
^VI “have” = echo. This is to have, hold, possess.
^VII “building” = oikodome. Related to “live in” in v1. 18x in NT. From oikos (see note IV above) + doma (house, housetop; often used to refer to the roof) {from demo (to build a house)}. This is the act of building, structure, architecture, a building, upbuilding. It is a building that is used as a home. Figuratively, this refers to spiritual progress – becoming a person who is a better home in which God can reside.

^VIII “God” = Theos. From Proto-Indo-European origins, meaning do, put, place. This is God or a god in general.
^IX “house” = oikia. Same as “live in” in v1. See note IV above.
^X “not made with hands” = acheiropoietos. 3x in NT. From a (not, without) + cheiropoietos (literally made by hand, i.e. artificial; to perform); {from cheir (literally, hand; figuratively, the means a person uses to accomplish things; power, means, or instrument.) + poieo (to make, do, act, construct, abide, or cause)}. This is literally not made by hand i.e. unmanufactured.
^XI “eternal” = aionios. From aion (an age, length of time); from the same as aei (ever, always, unceasingly, perpetually; on every occasion). This is age-long, forever, everlasting. Properly, that which lasts for an age. This is where eon comes from.
^XII “heavens” = ouranos. May be related to oros (mountain, hill); probably related to airo (raise, take up, lift, remove). This is the air, the sky, the atmosphere, and heaven. It is the sky that is visible and the spiritual heaven where God dwells. Heaven implies happiness, power, and eternity.

^XIII “groan” = stenazo. 6x in NT. From steno (to sigh or groan) OR stenos (narrow, small, having obstacles close by); {probably from histemi (to make to stand, place, set up, establish, appoint, stand by, stand still, stand ready, stand firm, be steadfast)}. This is to groan or sigh deeply. It can be to express sadness, anger, or longing. It is a deep, inner emotion that is not articulated.
^XIV “longing” = epipotheo. 9x in NT. From epi (on, upon, at, what is fitting) + potheo (to yearn). This is to long for, greatly desire, or strain towards. It can also imply doting or a desire to possess something or someone, whether legitimately or wrongfully.
^XV “clothed” = ependuomai. 2x in NT – both in 2 Corinthians 5. From epi (on, upon, at, what is fitting) + enduo (to clothe, put on in a literal or figurative sense); {from en (in, on, at, by, with, within) + duno (to enter, sink into; can also be set like the sun); {from duo (to sink)}}. This is to clothe on – to put on like clothing.

^XVI “heavenly” = ouranos. Same as “heavens” in v1. See note XII above.
^XVII “dwelling” = oiketerion. Related to “live in” and “building” in v1. 2x in NT. From oiketer (inhabitant) OR from oikeo (to settle or be established somewhere in a permanent way, to make a home or live at home); {from oikos (see note IV above)}. This is a dwelling, house, or residence. It can be in a literal or figurative sense.
^XVIII “surely” = ge. 16x in NT. This is a particle of emphasis – indeed, besides, doubtless, yet, at least.
^XIX “clothed” = enduo. Related to “clothed” in v2. See note XV above.

^XX “found” = heurisko. This is to find, learn, or obtain. It is to discover something, which generally implies a period of searching for it. This is to find in a literal or figurative sense. This is where the word “heuristic” comes from.
^XXI “naked” = gumnos. 15x in NT. This is naked. Generally, it refers to someone who is not completely clothed i.e. only wearing the undergarment and not the complete attire for going out. Rarely, it can mean completely naked. It can be naked in a literal or figurative sense – open, bare, ill-clad. This is where “gymnasium” comes from.
^XXII “are” = eimi. This is to be, exist.
^XXIII “burden” = bareo. 6x in NT. From barus (heavy, burdensome; figuratively, violent, oppressive; that which presses down on someone so that they cannot move freely); from the same as baros (weight, burden in a literal or figurative sense; authority); from baino (to walk, go). This is heavy, press, weigh down, or burden.

^XXIV “wish” = thelo. This is to wish, desire, will, or intend. It is to choose or prefer in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean inclined toward or take delight in. It can have a sense of being ready to act on the impulse in question.
^XXV “unclothed” = ekduo. Related to “clothed” in v2 & “clothed” in v3. 6x in NT– 3x Jesus being stripped before crucifixion, 2x in 2 Corinthians 5:3-4 as a metaphor for death – being stripped of this earthly tent, & 1x in Parable of the Good Samaritan when the man is attacked. From ek (from, from out of) + duo (see note XV above). This is to strip off or take off.
^XXVI “further clothed” = ependuomai. Same as “clothed” in v2. See note XV above.

^XXVII “mortal” = thnetos. 6x in NT– all in Romans and 1 + 2 Corinthians. From thnesko (to die, be dead). This is moral – able to die.
^XXVIII “swallowed up” = katapino. 7x in NT. From kata (down, against, throughout, among) + pino (to drink literally or figuratively). This is literally to drink down – to gulp something down whole, devour, destroy, consume, or overwhelm. It is to drink down in a literal or figurative sense.
^XXIX “life” = zoe. From zao (to live, be alive). This is life including the vitality of humans, plants, and animals – it is life physical and spiritual and life everlasting.

^XXX “prepared” = katergazomai. From kata (down, against, throughout, among, daily) + ergazomai (to work, labor); {from ergon (work, task, action, employment)}. This is working something until it is completed, working fully, accomplishing, producing, achieving, performing.
^XXXI “given” = didomi. To give, offer, place, bestow, deliver. This is give in a literal or figurative sense.
^XXXII “Spirit” = Pneuma. From pneo (to blow, breathe, breathe hard). This is wind, breath, or ghost. A breeze or a blast or air, a breath. Figuratively used for a spirit, the human soul or part of us that is rational. It is also used supernaturally for angels, demons, God, and the Holy Spirit. This is where pneumonia comes from.
^XXXIII “down payment” = arrabon. 3x in NT. From Hebrew erabon (a pledge – something given to be a surety); from arab (to bargain, barter, give or take in pledge; to braid or intermingle). This is a deposit or down payment – a security as a guarantee.

^XXXIV “always” = pantote. From pas (all, every, each) + tote (then, whether past or future); {from hote (when); from ho (the)}. This is literally every when. It is always, at all times.
^XXXV “are…confident” = tharreo. 6x in NT– 5x in 2 Corinthians and 1x in Hebrews. From tharseo (to have courage or good cheer, to be bold or confident); from tharsos (courage, confidence, boldness); from thrasus (bold, daring). This is to have courage, confidence, or good cheer.
^XXXVI “are at home” = endemeo. 3x in NT – all in 2 Corinthians 5. From en (in, on, at, by, with) + demos (district, multitude, rabble, assembly; Greeks bound by similar laws or customs); {from deo (to tie, bind, compel, declare unlawful)}. This is living somewhere, being home or in your own country or people.

^XXXVII “body” = soma. Perhaps from sozo (to save, heal, rescue); from sos (safe, well, rescued). This is body or flesh. It can be body in a literal or figurative sense (as the body of Christ). This is where the word “somatic” comes from.
^XXXVIII “are away” = ekdemeo. Related to “are at home” in v6. 3x in NT. From ek (from, from out of) + demos (see note XXXVI above). This is to be distant from home, absent. It can also mean to quit or emigrate.
^XXXIX “Lord” = Kurios. From kuros (authority, supremacy). This is a respectful address meaning master or sir. It refers to one who has control or power greater than one’s own. So, it was also applied to God and Jesus as Master or Lord.

^XL “walk” = peripateo. From peri (about, concerning, around, encompassing) + pateo (to read, trample on; to trample literally or figuratively); {from patos (trodden) OR from paio (to strike, smite, sting; a hit like a single blow)}. This is to walk. Going from Hebrew figurative language, to walk referred to how you conducted your life, how you chose to live. This word is most literally walking around. Figuratively, it is living, behaving, following, how you occupy yourself. This is where “peripatetic” comes from.
^XLI “faith” = pistis. From peitho (to have confidence, urge, be persuaded, agree, assure, believe, have confidence, trust). This is less about knowing, believing, and repeating a list of doctrines then it is about trusting God. Faith means listening to God and seeking to live a holy life even (and especially) when we don’t understand how everything works or fits together. Faith is about being faithful (trusting and doing) rather than being all knowing.
^XLII “sight” = eidos. Related to “know” in v1. 5x in NT– including “Spirit descended upon him in bodily form like a dove” in Luke 3:22, at the Transfiguration, “the appearance of his face changed” in Luke 9:29; also “we walk by faith, not by sight” in 2 Corinthians 5:7. From eido (see note I above). This is form, shape, sight, appearance.

^XLIII “have confidence” = tharreo. Same as “are…confident” in v6. See note XXXV above.
^XLIV “would” = eudokeo. From eu (good, well, well done) + dokeo (to have an opinion, seem, appear, suppose; a personal judgment; to think); from dokos (opinion). This is to think well of, to be pleased or resolved. Properly, this is what someone finds good or acceptable – approving of some action or generally thinking well of.
^XLV “rather” = mallon. This is rather, more than, or better.
^XLVI “make it…aim” = philotimeomai. 3x in NT. From philos (dear, beloved, a friend, an associate; friendship with personal affection, a trusted confidante; love from personal experience with another person) + time (worth or something’s perceived value; literally, price, but figuratively, the honor or value one sees in someone or something else; also esteem or dignity; also precious or valuables); {from tino (to pay, be punished, pay a penalty or fine because of a crime); from tio (to pay respect, value)}. This is to love, diligently strive for, aspire, labor. It is having ambition, showing joy towards what one values or lifts up.
^XLVII “pleasing” = euarestos. Related to “would” in v8 & to “heavens” in v1. 9x in NT. From eu (see note XLIV above) + aresko (to please or be agreeable; implies voluntarily serving others, satisfying others, or making good to win their favor or approval; often used for moral agreement; being agreeable or trying to be agreeable); {perhaps from airo (see note XII above)}. This is literally well-pleasing – often used of something that is pleasing or acceptable to God.

^XLVIII “all” = pas. Related to “always” in v6. See note XXXIV above.
^XLIX “must” = dei. Related to “are at home” and “are away” in v6. From deo (see note XXXVI above). This is what is necessary or proper. It is what is needed or what one should do – a duty or something inevitable. This refers to something absolutely necessary.
^L “appear” = phaneroo. From phaneros (visible, apparent, clear, shining); from phos (light, a source of light, fire, or radiance; light with specific reference to what it reveals; luminousness whether natural or artificial, abstract or concrete, literal or figurative); from phao (to shine or make visible, especially with rays of light); from the same as phaino (to bring light, cause to appear, shine, become visible or clear). This is to make visible or clear, to make known. Properly, it is to illumine and so to make apparent or bring into open view.

^LI “judgment seat” = bema. Related to “burden” in v4. 12x in NT. From the same as basis (a pace, base, step, foot); from baino (see note XXIII above.). This is a place that is raised and has steps such as where a tribunal would meet to mete out justice. It also refers literally to the chair from which such justice would come whether for reward or punishment. This word was borrowed into Jewish religious practice from Byzantine Greek (from the same root) to describe the raised area of the synagogue from which the Torah was proclaimed – the bima. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%94#Hebrew
^LII “Christ” = Christos. From chrio (consecrate by anointing with oil; often done for prophets, priests, or kings). Literally, the anointed one, Christ. The Greek word for Messiah.
^LIII “each” = hekastos. Perhaps from hekas (separate). This is each one, any, every. It is every individual as a distinct entity as opposed to those counted as a group in small sets.

^LIV “receive due recompense” = komizo. 10x in NT. From komeo (to tend or take care of). This is to carry, bring, recover, or recompense. It is receiving something that was lost or promised. Also, to provide for – as carrying someone out of harm’s way.
^LV “done” = prasso. This is to do or practice – something done on an on-going basis or by habit. It can also mean to accomplish, attend, or commit.
^LVI “good” = agathos. This is good, a benefit, or a good thing. It is good by its very nature, intrinsically good. A different word, kalos, refers to external signs of goodness.
^LVII “evil” = phaulos. 6x in NT. This is bad, worthless, or foul. Figuratively, it can mean wicked or evil.

^LVIII “fear” = phobos. From phebomai (to flee, withdraw, be put to flight). This is panic flight, fear, fear being caused, terror, alarm, that which causes fear, reverence, respect.
^LIX “persuade” = peitho. Related to “faith” in v7. See note XLI above.
^LX “people” = anthropos. Probably from aner (man, male, husband) + ops (eye, face); {from optanomai (to appear, be seen); perhaps from horao (become, seem, appear)}. This is human, humankind. Used for all genders.
^LXI “are well known” = phaneroo. Same as “appear” in v10. See note L above.

^LXII “hope” = elpizo. From elpis (expectation, hope, trust, confidence, faith; expectation whether abstract or concrete); from elpo (to anticipate, welcome, expect; usually to anticipate positively); from elpomai (to anticipate, expect). This is to expect, trust, hope for, or to wait in an active way.
^LXIII “consciences” = suneidesis. Related to “know” in v1 & “sight” in v7. From suneidon (to see together and so know, realize, consider, be conscious of); {from sun (with, together with) + eidon (shape, appearance, kind; something observable; form in a literal or figurative sense); from eido (see note I above)}. This is properly to know together. The conscience, found in all, is a moral and spiritual capacity granted by God so that we can understand together what is good and right.
^LXIV “commending” = sunistemi. Related to “groan” in v2. 16x in NT. From sun (with, together with) + histemi (see note XIII above). This is to establish, exhibit, demonstrate, stand together, prove.
^LXV “opportunity” = aphorme. 7x in NT. From apo (from, away from) + hormao (to rush, run, start, or spur on); {from horme (onrush, quick motion forward, attempt, inclination, attempt)}. This is occasion, launching point, opportunity.

^LXVI “boast” = kauchema. 11x in NT. From kauchaomai (literally holding one’s head high – to boast proudly or to glory, joy, exult, rejoice; can be boasting in a positive or negative sense); perhaps from auchen (neck) OR from aucheo (to boast) + euchomai (to wish, request, pray to God). This is the reason for boasting or the boast itself. It could be confidence or reason for pride/glorying. It looks at the result of the boast.
^LXVII “be able to” = echo. Same as “have” in v1. See note VI above.
^LXVIII “boast” = kauchaomai. Related to “boast” in v12. See note LXVI above.
^LXIX “outward appearance” = prosopon. Related to “people” in v11. From pros (at, towards, with) + ops (see note LX above). This is the face, surface, or front. It can imply presence more generally.
^LXX “heart” = kardia. Literally the heart, but figuratively mind, character, inner self, will, intention, thoughts, feelings. Also, the center of something. The word heart is only used figuratively in the Old and New Testaments. This is where “cardiac” comes from.

^LXXI “are beside ourselves” = existemi. Related to “groan” in v2 & “commending” in v12. 17x in NT. From ek (from, from out of) + histemi (see note XIII above). This is to displace or take something or someone from standing. Figuratively, it is to be overwhelmed and flabbergasted – as if beside oneself. By extension, it is astonished, amazed, or mad.
^LXXII “are in…right mind” = sophroneo. Related to “body” in v6. 6x in NT. From sophron (temperate, self-controlled, sound because in balance); {from the same as sozo (see note XXXVII above) + phren (diaphragm, heart, intellect, understanding; figurative for personal opinion or inner mindset; thought regulating action; sympathy, feelings, cognition); {perhaps from phrao (to rein in or curb)}}. This is to be sane, self-controlled, temperate. It is one who is balanced or moderate.
^LXXIII “love” = agape. From agapao (to love, take pleasure in, esteem; to prefer). This is love, goodwill, benevolence. It is God’s divine love or human love that mirrors God’s love.
^LXXIV “urges” = sunecho. Related to “have” in v1. 12x in NT. From sun (with, together with) + echo (see note VI above). This is to hold together or hold fast, to close or press together. It can also be to be struck by an illness, arrested, compressed as by a multitude or a siege. Figuratively, it can mean to compel, perplex, preoccupy, or generally afflict.

^LXXV “convinced” = krino. To judge, decide, think good, condemn, determine, pass judgment, stand trial, sue. This is judging whether it is done in court or in a private setting. Properly, it refers to mentally separating or distinguishing an issue – to come to a choice or decision, to judge positively or negatively in seeking what is right or wrong, who is innocent or guilty. It can imply trying, condemning, punishing, or avenging.
^LXXVI “one” = heis. This is one, a person, only, some.
^LXXVII “died” = apothnesko. Related to “mortal” in v4. From apo (from, away from) + thnesko (see note XXVII above). This is to die off. It is death with an emphasis on the way that death separates. It can also mean to wither or decay.
^LXXVIII “therefore” = ara. Related to “heavens” in v1 & “please” in v9. Perhaps similar to aro (to join) OR from airo (see note XII above). This is therefore, perhaps, so, truly.

^LXXIX “live” = zao. Related to “life” in v4. See note XXIX above.
^LXXX “raised” = egeiro. This is to awake, raise up or lift up. It can be to get up from sitting or lying down, to get up from sleeping, to rise from a disease or from death. Figuratively, it can be rising from inactivity or from ruins.
^LXXXI “regard” = eido. Same as “know” in v1. See note I above.
^LXXXII “human point of view” = kata + sarx. Literally, “according to flesh.” Sarx may be from saroo (to sweep, cleanse by sweeping); from sairo (to brush off). This is flesh, the body, human nature, materiality, kindred. Flesh is not always evil in scripture (as when it refers to Jesus taking on a human body). However, it is generally used in a negative way for actions made selfishly and not through faith. This can mean animal flesh, i.e. meat, or refer to body in contrast to soul/spirit. Flesh can be a way of talking about how things or people are related or talking about human frailty (physical or moral).

^LXXXIII “knew” = ginosko. This is to know, recognize, realize, perceive, learn. It is knowledge gained through personal experience.
^LXXXIV “know” = ginosko. Same as “knew” in v16. See note LXXXIII above.
^LXXXV “new” = kainos. This is not new as in new versus old. This is new in the sense of novel, innovative, or fresh.
^LXXXVI “creation” = ktisis. 19x in NT. From ktizo (to build, create, form, shape; God’s acts of creation); probably akin to ktaomai (to get, purchase, possess). This is creation, creature, or ordinance. It is also used for when a city is founded and creation as origin.

^LXXXVII “old” = archaios. 11x in NT. From arche (origin, beginning, rule; can refer to the power of a magistrate or a king; it is the first thing as being the starting point or the most important); {from archomai (to begin or rule); from archo (to rule, begin, have first rank or have political power)}. This is old, ancient, original. It is where the word “archaic” comes from.
^LXXXVIII “passed away” = parerchomai. From para (from beside, by) + erchomai (to come, go). This is pass by, neglect, disregard. Figuratively, it can mean to perish or to become void.
^LXXXIX “look” = idou. Related to “know” in v1 & “sight” in v7 & “consciences” in v11. From eido (see note I above). This is see! Lo! Behold! Look! Used to express surprise and or draw attention to the statement.
^XC “come into being” = ginomai. This is to come into being, to happen, become, be born. It can be to emerge from one state or condition to another or is coming into being with the sense of movement or growth.

^XCI “reconciled” = katallasso. 6x in NT. From kata (down, against, among) + allasso (to change, transform) {from allos (other, another; another of a similar kind or type)}. This is to reconcile, change, or exchange. It is a moment when two parties come together in reconciliation and both parties change as a part of it.
^XCII “ministry” = diakonia. Perhaps from dia (through, across to the other side, thoroughly) + konis (dust) OR from dioko (to chase after, put to flight; by implication, to persecute or to purse like a hunter after its prey; this can be earnestly pursue or zealously persecute) {related to dio (put to flight)}. This is service, ministry, attending someone, service. It can mean serving someone at a table or otherwise as their servant/slave. It is also used for people who serve/minister in temples, as well as the work of Christian ministry. Figuratively, this word can mean money given for charity. This shares a root with “deacon” and is where the word “diaconate” comes from.
^XCIII “reconciliation” = katallage. Related to “reconciled” in v18. 4x in NT. From katallasso (see note XCI above). This is reconciliation or atonement.

^XCIV “world” = kosmos. Related to “receive due recompense” in v10. Perhaps from the base of komizo (see note LIV above). This is order, the world, the universe, including its inhabitants. Literally, this is something that is ordered so it can refer to all creation. It can also refer to decoration in the sense that something is better ordered and, thus, made more beautiful. This is where “cosmos” and “cosmetics” come from.
^XCV “counting” = logizomai. From logos (word, statement, speech, analogy; here, word as an account or accounting; can also be a word that carries an idea or expresses a thought, a saying; a person with a message or reasoning laid out in words; by implication, a topic, line of reasoning, or a motive; can be used for a divine utterance or as Word – Christ); from lego (to speak, tell, mention). This is this is to compute or reckon up, to count; figuratively, it is coming to a conclusion or decision using logic; taking an inventory in a literal or figurative sense.
^XCVI “trespasses” = paraptoma. From para (by, beside, in the presence of) + pipto (to fall in a literal or figurative sense). This is properly, falling away after having been devout or faithful. So, this is a lapse, sin, slip, transgression, offense. It is a deviation from what is true – it could be accidental or unconscious.

^XCVII “entrusting” = tithemi. This is to put, place, set, fix, establish in a literal or figurative sense. Properly, it is placing something in a passive or horizontal position.
^XCVIII “message” = logos. Related to “counting” in v19. See note XCV above.
^XCIX “ambassadors” = presbeuo. 2x in NT. From presbuteros (an elder as one of the Sanhedrin and also in the Christian assembly in the early church); from presbus (old man). This is to be mature. It can also mean to be an elder, representative, or ambassador. Figuratively, it can refer to a preacher.
^C “making…appeal” = parakaleo. From para (beside, by, in the presence of) + kaleo (to call by name, invite, to name, bid, summon, call aloud) {related to keleuo (to command, order, direct); from kelomai (to urge on)}. This is to call to, summon, invite, request, or beg. It can also be exhort or admonish. Also, this can be encourage, comfort, or console. This word has legal overtones and is used of one’s advocate in a courtroom. It is the root of the name of the Holy Spirit “paraclete” is our advocate and comforter.

^CI “entreat” = deomai. Related to “are at home” and “are away” in v6 & “must” in v10. From deo (see note XXXVI above) This is having an urgent need because one is missing or needing something so it is an earnest appeal or pressing request.
^CII “made” = poieo. Related to “not made with human hands” in v1. See note X above.
^CIII “knew” = ginosko. Same as “knew” in v16. See note LXXXIII above.

^CIV “sin” = hamartia. From hamartano (to miss the mark, do wrong, make a mistake, sin); {from a (not) + meros (a part or share)}. Literally, this means not having one’s share or portion – like not receiving inheritance or what was allotted to you. This word means missing the mark so it is used for guilt, fault, and acts of sin.
^CV “become” = ginomai. Same as “come into being” in v17. See note XC above.
^CVI “righteousness” = dikaiosune. From dikaios (correct, righteous – implies innocent; this is that which conforms to God’s notion of justice, uprightness); from dike (the principle of justice; that which is right in a way that is very clear; a decision or the execution of that decision; originally, this word was for custom or usage; evolved to include the process of law, judicial hearing, execution of sentence, penalty, and even vengeance; more commonly, it refers to what is right); may be from deiknumi (to show, point out, exhibit; figurative for teach, demonstrate, make known). This is judicial or divine approval of character or action. This is righteousness, justice, justness, divine righteousness.