2 Corinthians 6

2 Corinthians 6

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As we work together withI him, we entreatII you also not to acceptIII

Notes on verse 1a

I “work together with” = sunergeo. 5x in NT. From sunergos (co-worker, associate, helper, co-laborer or one’s companion during labor); {from sun (with, together with) + ergon (work, task, deed, labor, effort) {from ergo (to work, accomplish, do)}}. This is to work together, help in labor, be a co-worker, to cooperate. This root is where “synergy” comes from.
II “entreat” = parakaleo. From para (beside, by, in the presence of) + kaleo (to call by name, invite, to name, bid, summon, call aloud) {related to keleuo (to command, order, direct); from kelomai (to urge on)}. This is to call to, summon, invite, request, or beg. It can also be exhort or admonish. Also, this can be encourage, comfort, or console. This word has legal overtones and is used of one’s advocate in a courtroom. It is the root of the name of the Holy Spirit “paraclete” is our advocate and comforter.
III “accept” = dechomai. This is to warmly receive, be ready for what is offered, take, accept, or welcome. It is to receive in a literal or figurative sense.

the graceIV of GodV in vain.VI 

Notes on verse 1b

IV “grace” = charis. From chairo (to rejoice, be glad; used to say hello; properly, delighting in the grace of God or experiencing God’s favor); from char– (to extend favor, lean towards, be inclined to be favorable towards). This is grace, kindness, favor, gratitude, thanks. It is the sense of being inclined to or favorable towards – leaning towards someone to share some good or benefit. This can be literal, figurative, or spiritual. It is grace as abstract concept, manner, or action.
V “God” = Theos. From Proto-Indo-European origins, meaning do, put, place. This is God or a god in general.
VI “vain” = kenos. 18x in NT. Properly, this is something that is empty or void. Hence, it is worthless, foolish, ineffective, morally void, pretentious, unreal, or false.

For he says,VII

“At an acceptableVIII timeIX I have listenedX to you,

Notes on verse 2a

VII “says” = lego. This is to speak, say, name, call, command. It is generally to convey verbally.
VIII “acceptable” = dektos. Related to “accept” in v1. 5x in NT. From dechomai (see note III above). This is favorable, welcome, approved, pleasing.
IX “time” = kairos. This is season, opportunity, occasion. The word chronos is used for chronological time. Kairos is used for spiritually significant time – the right time or appointed time.
X “listened” = epakouo. 1x in NT. From epi (on, upon, at, what is fitting) + akouo (to hear, listen, understand by hearing). This is listening to favorably or attentively.

    and on a dayXI of salvationXII I have helpedXIII you.”

Notes on verse 2b

XI “day” = hemera. Perhaps from hemai (to sit). This is day, time, or daybreak.
XII “salvation” = soteria. From soter (a savior, deliverer); from sozo (to save, heal, preserve, or rescue; taking someone from danger to safety; delivering or protecting literally or figuratively); from sos (safe, rescued, well). This is deliverance, salvation, preservation, welfare, prosperity, safety.
XIII “helped” = boetheo. 8x in NT. From boethos (helping or helper; one meeting urgent need); perhaps from boe (to cry, shout for aid; mimics the sound of a desperate shout for help with deep emotion); {from boao (cry out, make a distress call, ask for desperately need assistance); from boe (a cry, shout)} + theo (to run). This is running to help someone who has made an urgent call for help – coming to their rescue. Originally, this was used in a military context, but came to apply more generally to assistance in time of intense distress.

Look,XIV now is the acceptableXV time; look, now is the day of salvation! We are puttingXVI no obstacleXVII in anyone’s way,

Notes on verses 2c-3a

XIV “look” = idou. From eido (to be aware, see, know, remember, appreciate). This is see! Lo! Behold! Look! Used to express surprise and or draw attention to the statement.
XV “acceptable” = euprosdektos. Related to “accept” in v1 & “acceptable” in v2. 5x in NT. From eu (well, well done, good) + prosdechomai (to receive, await, expect, welcome; originally, welcoming a person into your home so receiving in a very personal way with reciprocity, hospitality; figuratively for endurance; can also mean awaiting with confidence or patience); {from pros (at, toward, advantageous for) + dechomai (see note III above)}. This is pleasing, favorable, approved, welcome, or well-received.
XVI “putting” = didomi. To give, offer, place, bestow, deliver. This is give in a literal or figurative sense.
XVII “obstacle” = proskope. 1x in NT. From proskopto (to strike against, stumble, beat on, be offended by; to sub your toe against; can also be the way water strikes against something – surging); {from pros (at, toward, advantageous for) + kopto (to cut, cut off, strike; can also be used for mourning or lamenting)}. This is offense, shock, something that causes one or another to stumble or, figuratively, to sin.

so that no fault may be foundXVIII with our ministry,XIX but as servantsXX of God we have commendedXXI ourselves

Notes on verses 3b-4a

XVIII “fault may be found” = momaomai. 2x in NT– both in 2 Corinthians. From momos (literally a spot; figuratively blame, disgrace, flaw, censure); {perhaps from memphomai (to blame, be disgraceful; be rejected due to doing bad things); from mempteos (rejected because one has been condemned)}. This is to blame, slander. It is to recognize a blemish on something/someone and so bring disgrace.
XIX “ministry” = diakonia. Perhaps from dia (through, across to the other side, thoroughly) + konis (dust) OR from dioko (to chase after, put to flight; by implication, to persecute or to purse like a hunter after its prey; this can be earnestly pursue or zealously persecute) {related to dio (put to flight)}. This is service, ministry, attending someone, service. It can mean serving someone at a table or otherwise as their servant/slave. It is also used for people who serve/minister in temples, as well as the work of Christian ministry. Figuratively, this word can mean money given for charity. This shares a root with “deacon” and is where the word “diaconate” comes from.
XX “servants” = diakonos. Related to “ministry” in v3. Perhaps from dia (through, across to the other side, thoroughly) + konis (see note XIX above) OR from dioko (see note XIX above). This is a servant, minister, waiter, or attendant. It is used for a person who performs a service, including religious service. This is the root of the word “deacon.”
XXI “commended” = sunistemi. 16x in NT. From sun (with, together with) + histemi (to stand, place, establish, appoint, stand ready, be steadfast). This is to establish, exhibit, demonstrate, stand together, prove.

in every way:XXII in greatXXIII endurance,XXIV afflictions,XXV

Notes on verse 4b

XXII “every way” = pas. This is all or every.
XXIII “great” = polus. This is much, often, plenteous – a large number or a great extent.
XXIV “endurance” = hupomone. From hupo (by, under, about) + meno (to stay, remain, wait, await, continue, abide). This is properly to remain behind or remain under. It implies endurance, patience, steadfastness, and waiting in hope.
XXV “afflictions” = thlipsis. From thlibo (to press in on and make narrow, rub together, constrict; figuratively to oppress or afflict). This is pressure that hems us in – used often of internal pressure that makes us feel like we have no other options and are confined or restricted. So, this is persecution, affliction, trouble, distress, and anguish. There is a different word, stenoxoria, that refers to external pressure that we feel from what’s going on.

hardships,XXVI calamities,XXVII beatings,XXVIII imprisonments,XXIX

Notes on verses 4c-5a

XXVI “hardships” = anagke. 18x in NT. From ana (up, again, anew) + agcho (to press tightly, compress) OR related to agkale (the arm, particularly one that is bent to carry a load). This is necessity – something that happens that requires an immediate response. It is generally associated with pain or distress.
XXVII “calamities” = stenochoria. Related to “commended” in v4. 4x in NT. From stenos (narrow, confined); {probably from histemi (see note XXI above)} + chora (space, area). This is a narrow space – used figuratively for a difficulty coming from external pressure. It is distress, difficulty, or anguish.
XXVIII “beatings” = plege. From plesso (to pound, strike, flatten; figuratively, cause a calamity). This is a blow, stroke, wound, affliction, plague, calamity.
XXIX “imprisonments” = phulake. From phulasso (to guard something so that it doesn’t escape – to watch over it vigilantly; being on guard in a literal or figurative sense); related to phulaks (military guard, sentry, watcher). This is the act of guarding, the person who guards, the place where guarding occurs (i.e. a prison), or the times of guarding (the various watches).

riots,XXX labors,XXXI sleepless nights,XXXII hunger;XXXIII 

Notes on verse 5b

XXX “riots” = akatastasia. Related to “commended” and “calamites” in v4. 5x in NT. From akatastatos (unstable, unsettled); {from a (not, without) + kathistemi (to appoint, set in order or set in place, constitute, give standing or authority, put in charge); {from kata (down, against, throughout, among) + histemi (see note XXI above)}}. This is instability, upheaval, or disorder. It can be political unrest on the road to anarchy (riot, insurrection). It can also refer to moral tumult.
XXXI “labors” = kopos. Related to “obstacle” in v3. 18x in NT. From kopto (see note XVII above). This is trouble, toil, or labor. This is working to the point of exhaustion or weariness. At base, this refers to a blow that lands so swiftly that one is seriously weakened. Figuratively, this is being greatly tired or working to the point of being without strength.
XXXII “sleepless nights” = agrupnia. 2x in NT. From agrupneo (awake, not asleep, vigilant, alert); {from a (not, without) + hupnos (sleep – literal or figurative); {perhaps from hupo (by, under, about, subordinate to)}}. This is sleeplessness or watching.
XXXIII “hunger” = nesteia. 6x in NT. From nesteuo (to fast, not eat food, to make a religious fast); from nestis (hungry, fasting, fasting for religious reasons); {from ne (not) + the same as esthio (to eat or figuratively to devour or consume like rust); {akin to edo (to eat)}}. This is fasting, hunger. Can be used specifically for the fast done on the Day of Atonement.

in purity,XXXIV knowledge,XXXV patience,XXXVI kindness,XXXVII

Notes on verse 6a

XXXIV “purity” = hagnotes. 2x in NT. From hagnos (holy, sacred, pure ethically, ritually, or ceremonially; prepared for worship, chaste, unadulterated, pure to the core; undefiled by sin; figurative for innocent, modest, perfect). This is purity or chastity. It is purity in one’s essence, which is to say, integrity, blamelessness.
XXXV “knowledge” = gnosis. From ginosko (to know, recognize, realize, perceive, learn; gaining knowledge through personal experience). This is knowing, knowledge, understanding, wisdom. It is direct knowledge – working knowledge that links theory and application.
XXXVI “patience” = makrothumia. 14x in NT. From makros (long, long lasting) {from mekos (length); probably related to megas (great or large)} + thumos (passion, wrath; actions emerging from passion or impulse) {from thuo (to rush along, breathe violently, offer sacrifice)}. Properly, this is long-passion or long-suffering – one who waits the needed amount of time before expressing anger. This is also patience, perseverance, and fortitude.
XXXVII “kindness” = chrestotes. 10x in NT. From chrestos (useful, good, well-fitted, benevolent, kind, gracious; also a name given to slaves in the ancient world); from chraomai (to use, make use of, give what is needed, act in a specific way, request). This is properly useable, good or ready for service – just what one needs to meet real needs. Figuratively, this speaks of moral excellence, strong character, uprightness, kindness, integrity.

holinessXXXVIII of spirit,XXXIX genuineXL love,XLI 

Notes on verse 6b

XXXVIII “holiness” = hagios. Related to “purity” in v6. From hagnos (see note XXXIV above). God is totally different from humanity and thus set apart. That which is consecrated to worship God (elements of worship) or to serve God (as the saints) are holy because they are now set apart for God’s purposes. Holy because important to God. This is sacred physically, pure. It can be morally blameless or ceremonially consecrated.
XXXIX “spirit” = pneuma. From pneo (to blow, breathe, breathe hard). This is wind, breath, or ghost. A breeze or a blast or air, a breath. Figuratively used for a spirit, the human soul or part of us that is rational. It is also used supernaturally for angels, demons, God, and the Holy Spirit. This is where pneumonia comes from.
XL “genuine” = anupokritos. 6x in NT. From a (not, without) + hupokrinomai (to answer, pretend, respond as an actor on stage; figuratively, to lie) {from hupo (by, under, about) + krino (to judge, decide, think good, condemn, determine, pass judgment, stand trial, sue; judging whether in court or in a private setting; properly, mentally separating or distinguishing an issue – to come to a choice or decision, to judge positively or negatively in seeking what is right or wrong, who is innocent or guilty; can imply trying, condemning, punishing, or avenging.)} Properly, this is unhypocritical – not phony. It speaks to actions that are sincere and genuine without guile.
XLI “love” = agape. From agapao (to love, take pleasure in, esteem; to prefer). This is love, goodwill, benevolence. It is God’s divine love or human love that mirrors God’s love.

truthfulXLII speech,XLIII and the powerXLIV of God;

Notes on verse 7a

XLII “truthful” = aletheia. From alethes (true, unconcealed; true because it is in concert with fact and reality – attested; literally, what cannot be hidden; truth stands up to test and scrutiny and is undeniable, authentic). {from a (not, without) + lanthano (unnoticed, concealed)}. Truth is literally that which is not or cannot be concealed. This word covers more than the sense of true versus false. It spoke of truth as that which corresponds to reality – reality as opposed to illusion. Thus, it includes, sincerity, straightforwardness, and reality itself.
XLIII “speech” = logos. Related to “says” in v2. From lego (see note VII above). This is word, statement, speech, analogy. It is a word that carries an idea or expresses a thought, a saying. It could refer to a person with a message or reasoning laid out in words. By implication, this could be a topic, line of reasoning, or a motive. It can be used for a divine utterance or as Word – Christ.
XLIV “power” = dunamis. From dunamai (to be able, have power or ability). This is might, strength, physical power, efficacy, energy, and miraculous power. It is force literally or figuratively – the power of a miracle or the miracle itself.

with the weaponsXLV of righteousnessXLVI for the right handXLVII and for the left;XLVIII 

Notes on verse 7b

XLV “weapons” = hoplon. 6x in NT. This is a tool or implement. It can also be armor or weapons in a literal or figurative sense.
XLVI “righteousness” = dikaiosune. From dikaios (correct, righteous – implies innocent; this is that which conforms to God’s notion of justice, uprightness); from dike (the principle of justice; that which is right in a way that is very clear; a decision or the execution of that decision; originally, this word was for custom or usage; evolved to include the process of law, judicial hearing, execution of sentence, penalty, and even vengeance; more commonly, it refers to what is right); may be from deiknumi (to show, point out, exhibit; figurative for teach, demonstrate, make known). This is judicial or divine approval of character or action. This is righteousness, justice, justness, divine righteousness.
XLVII “right hand” = dexios. Related to “accept” in v1 & “acceptable” and “acceptable” in v2. Perhaps from dechomai (see note III above). This is right, right side, or the right hand.
XLVIII “left” = aristeros. 4x in NT. From aristos (best). This is better, used figuratively to refer to the left or left hand side.

in honorXLIX and dishonor,L in ill reputeLI

Notes on verse 8a

XLIX “honor” = doxa. From dokeo (to have an opinion, seem, appear, suppose; a personal judgment; to think); from dokos (opinion). This is literally something that evokes a good opinion – something that connects to our understanding of intrinsic worth. The ultimate expression of this is, of course, God and God’s manifestation. So, this is opinion, honor, and dignity, but also praise, glory, renown, and worship.
L “dishonor” = atimia. 7x in NT. From a (not, without) + time (value, price, honor; honor as it is perceived by another or willingly granted by another; mark or respect, price, precious value, esteem, dignity); {from tio (to honor, pay respect to, value)} OR from tino (to pay a penalty or fine). This is dishonor or disgrace, shame, reproach, or common use. It is something that as seen as having no value.
LI “ill repute” = dusphemia. 2x in NT. From dus (un- or mis-) + pheme (saying, news, rumor, fame) {from phemi (to say, declare, speak comparatively through contrasts, bring to light); from phao (to shine)}. This is ill-repute, defamation, or the contents of a bad omen.

and good repute.LII We are treated as impostorsLIII and yet are true,LIV as unknownLV and yet are well known,LVI

Notes on verses 8b-9a

LII “good repute” = euphemia. Related to “acceptable” in v2 & to “ill repute” in v8. 1x in NT. From euphemos (good report, reputable, spoken well of); {from eu (see note XV above) + pheme (see note LI above)}. This is a good report or praise. It is where the word “euphemism” comes from (as using a good word to replace another one.)
LIII “imposters” = planos. 5x in NT. This is one who leads astray – wandering, deceiving, misleading, an imposter.
LIV “true” = alethes. Related to “truthful” in v7. See note XLII above.
LV “unknown” = agnoeo. Related to “knowledge” in v6. From a (not) + noieo (to perceive, think, understand); {from nous (mind, understanding, reasoning faculty, intellect, capacity to reflect); from noos (mind); probably from the base as ginosko (see note XXXV above)}. This is unaware not to know. Sometimes it is willful ignorance, but other times it is simply not knowing.
LVI “are well known” = epiginosko. Related to “knowledge” in v6 & “unknown” in v9. From epi (on, upon, what is fitting) + ginosko (see note XXXV above). This is to perceive, discern, acknowledge, recognize, know exactly because of direct interaction.

as dyingLVII and look—we are alive,LVIII as punishedLIX and yet not killed,LX 

Notes on verse 9b

LVII “dying” = apothnesko. From apo (from, away from) + thnesko (to die, be dead). This is to die off. It is death with an emphasis on the way that death separates. It can also mean to wither or decay.
LVIII “are alive” = zao. This is to live literally or figuratively. It is used for life including the vitality of humans, plants, and animals – it is life physical and spiritual and life everlasting.
LIX “punished” = paideuo. 13x in NT. From pais (child, youth, servant, slave); perhaps from paio (to strike or sting). Properly, this is training or teaching children so it is educate, correct, discipline, and punish. This is the root of “pedagogy.”
LX “killed” = thanatoo. Related to “dying” in v9. 11x in NT. From thanatos (death, whether literal or spiritual; also something fatal); from thnesko (see note LVII above). This is to kill in a literal or figurative sense – subdue, mortify, be apart from.

10 as sorrowfulLXI yet alwaysLXII rejoicing,LXIII as poorLXIV

Notes on verse 10a

LXI “sorrowful” = lupeo. From lupe (pain, whether physical or mental; grief, sorrow, distress, a heavy heart). This is to be sad, grieve, distress, hurt, feel pain. It can be used for deep pain or severe sorrow as well as the pain that accompanies childbirth.
LXII “always” = aei. 7x in NT. This is ever, always, unceasingly, perpetually, on every occasion.
LXIII “rejoicing” = chairo. Related to “grace” in v1. See note IV above.
LXIV “poor” = ptochos. From ptosso (to crouch or cower as a beggar does). This is poor or destitute – someone who is extremely poor and bowed down because of a long struggle under poverty. Properly, it means bent over so figuratively it is someone who is deeply destitute and lacking tangible resources. This is a beggar – as extremely opposite a wealthy person as possible.

yet making manyLXV rich,LXVI as havingLXVII nothing and yet possessingLXVIII everything.LXIX

Notes on verse 10b

LXV “many” = polus. Same as “great” in v4. See note XXIII above.
LXVI “making…rich” = ploutizo. Related to “great” in v4. 3x in NT. From ploutos (abundance, wealth, or riches; money, possessions, spiritual abundance, or a valuable bestowment); from polus (see note XXIII above) OR pleo (to sail, voyage); {probably from pluno (to plunge – so to wash); from pluo (to flow)} OR pletho (to fill, accomplish, supply; to fill to maximum capacity). This is to enrich, cause abundance, bring fullness.
LXVII “having” = echo. This is to have, hold, possess.
LXVIII “possessing” = katecho. Related to “having” in v10. 18x in NT. From kata (down, against, according to, throughout) + echo (see note LXVII above). This is to hold fast, bind, possess, restrain, arrest, suppress. It is to hold down in a literal or figurative sense. It can also be to hold something in one’s memory.
LXIX “everything” = pas. This is “every way” in v4. See note XXII above.

11 We have spoken franklyLXX to you Corinthians;LXXI our heartLXXII is wide openLXXIII to you. 

Notes on verse 11

LXX “spoken frankly” = stomaanoigo. Literally, “mouth has been opened.” Stoma is perhaps from tomoteros (sharp, keener); from temno (to cut). This is mouth, speech, language, the tip of a sword, an opening in the ground. Anoigo is from ana (up, back, again, among, between, anew) + oigo (to open). This is to open in literal or figurative sense.
LXXI “Corinthians” = Korinthios. 2x in NT. From Korinthos (Corinth, the Greek city; it may have taken its name from a king of legend); from “Pre-Greek Pelasgian kar (point, peak); perhaps named after Corinthos, a descendant of the god Zeus.” This is Corinthian. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Corinth
LXXII “heart” = kardia. Literally the heart, but figuratively mind, character, inner self, will, intention, thoughts, feelings. Also, the center of something. The word heart is only used figuratively in the Old and New Testaments. This is where “cardiac” comes from.
LXXIII “is wide open” = platuno. 3x in NT. From platus (wide, spread flat, broad); perhaps from plasso (to form, mold; to create like a potter shapes clay). This is to enlarge, open wide. It can be widen in a figurative sense – to open one’s heart wide.

12 There is no restrictionLXXIV in our affectionsLXXV butLXXVI only in yours. 

Notes on verse 12

LXXIV “is…restriction” = stenochoreo. Related to “commended” and “calamites” in in v4 & “riots” in v5 & to “calamities” in v4. 3x in NT. From stenos (see note XXVII above) + choreo (to make space, receive, have room for, progress, depart so as to make room; figuratively, living open-heartedly); {from choros (a particular space or place); from chora (see note XXVII above)}. This is to restrict, press in on, cramp, withhold affection, distress.
LXXV “affections” = splagchnon. 11x in NT. Perhaps from splen (spleen). This is inner organs, entrails, heart, liver. The guts were seen as the root of emotions. So, this could be visceral empathy or sympathy.
LXXVI {untranslated} = stenochoreo. Same as “is…restriction” in v12. See note LXXIV above.

13 In returnLXXVII—I speakLXXVIII as to childrenLXXIX—open wide your hearts also.

Notes on verse 13

LXXVII “return” = antimisthia. 2x in NT. From antimisthos (as a reward); {from anti (opposite, instead of, against) + misthos (wages, pay, salary; reward, recompense, punishment; pay for services rendered in a literal or figurative way, good or bad)}. This is recompense or retribution. It corresponds to what came before, whether for good or ill.
LXXVIII “speak” = lego. Same as “says” in v2. See note VII above.
LXXIX “children” = teknon. From tikto (to beget, bring forth, produce). This is a child, descendant, or inhabitant.

14 Do not beLXXX mismatchedLXXXI with unbelievers.LXXXII

Notes on verse 14a

LXXX “be” = ginomai. This is to come into being, to happen, become, be born. It can be to emerge from one state or condition to another or is coming into being with the sense of movement or growth.
LXXXI “mismatched” = heterozugeo. 1x in NT. From heteros (other, another, different, strange; another of a different kind; could be a different quality, type, or group) + zugos (yoke, scales; figuratively, a burden or something linking two people to work in tandem); from zeugnumi (to yoke or join)}. This is to be yoked together in an unequal way to be joined with someone whose a different kind of person than you.
LXXXII “unbelievers” = apistos. From a (not, without) + pistos (faithful, trustworthy, reliable, sure, or true; a fullness of faith); {from peitho (to have confidence, urge, be persuaded, agree, assure, believe, have confidence, trust)}. This is unbelieving, incredulous, faithless. It is someone who chooses to reject faith.

For what do righteousness and lawlessnessLXXXIII have in common?LXXXIV Or what partnershipLXXXV is there

Notes on verse 14b

LXXXIII “lawlessness” = anomia. 15x in NT. From anomos (literally without law; could refer to someone who disregards authority or one who is not under the law (i.e. a Gentile); lawless, wicked, or a transgressor); {from a (not, without) + nomos (what is assigned – usage, law, custom, principle; used for the law in general or of God’s law; sometimes used to refer to the first five books of the Bible or the entire Old Testament; also used to refer to theology or the practice and tradition of interpreting and implementing the law of God); {from nemo (to parcel out, assign)}}. This is lawlessness, disobedience, without law, violation. It is disregarding the law whether human or God’s law, including the harmful impact.
LXXXIV “in common” = metoche. Related to “having” and “possessing” in v10. 1x in NT. From metecho (to share in, participate, belong, eat or drink, be a member); {from meta (with, among, behind, beyond) + echo (see note LXVII above)}. This is sharing, partnership, participation, or fellowship.
LXXXV “partnership” = koinonia. 19x in NT. From koinonos (partner, companion, partaker, sharer); From koinos (common, shared, unclean, ritually profane); probably from sun (with, together with). This is sharing in common so it is fellowship, participation, communion, and aid that comes from the community.

between lightLXXXVI and darkness?LXXXVII 15 What agreementLXXXVIII does ChristLXXXIX have

Notes on verses 14c-15a

LXXXVI “light” = phos. Related to “ill repute” and “good repute” in v8. From phao (see note LI above). This is light, a source of light, fire, or radiance. This is light with specific reference to what it reveals. It is luminousness whether natural or artificial, abstract or concrete, literal or figurative.
LXXXVII “darkness” = skotos. Perhaps from the base of skia (shadow, thick darkness, outline; figurative for a spiritual situation that is good or bad). This is darkness literal or figurative – as moral or spiritual darkness, sin and what comes from it. This can also mean obscurity.
LXXXVIII “agreement” = sumphonesis. Related to “ill repute” and “good repute” in v8. 1x in NT. From sumphoneo (to harmonize with, agree, have a shared opinion, an accord); from sumphonos (harmonious, agreeing, consent; having one voice i.e. a shared understanding); {from sun (with, together with) + phone (voice, sound, tone or noise; also a language or dialect); {probably from phemi see note LI above)}}. This is agreement, harmony, or accordance.
LXXXIX “Christ” = Christos. From chrio (consecrate by anointing with oil; often done for prophets, priests, or kings). Literally, the anointed one, Christ. The Greek word for Messiah.

with Beliar?XC Or what does a believerXCI shareXCII with an unbeliever? 

Notes on verse 15b

XC “Beliar” = Beliar. 1x in NT. From Hebrew Beliyyaal (Belial; “lacking worth”); {from beli (without); {from balah (to grow old, wear out, waste away, consume, spend)} + yaal (to gain, profit, do good, ascend, be useful or valuable; benefitted)}. This is Beliar, an Aramaic form of Belial. It is a name to refer to Satan or a demon, which may mean “worthless” or “yokeless” or “may he have no rising” or “never to rise” or “wicked” or “obsolete” or “beyond purpose” or “beyond function.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Belial.html & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belial
XCI “believer” = pistos. Related to “unbelievers” in v14. See note LXXXII above.
XCII “share” = meris. From meros (a part or share, portion); from meiromai (to get one’s allotment or portion). This is portion, share, district. It can be literal or figurative.

16 What agreementXCIII has the templeXCIV of God with idols?XCV

Notes on verse 16a

XCIII “agreement” = sugkatathesis. 1x in NT. From sugkatatithemi (to agree with, have accord with); {from sun (with, together with) + katatithemi (to deposit place down seek favor); {from kata (down, against, throughout, among) + tithemi (to put, place, set, fix, establish in a literal or figurative sense; properly, this is placing something in a passive or horizontal position)}}. This is agreement, alliance, or accord.
XCIV “temple” = naos. From naio (to dwell, inhabit). This is a place for God (or a god) to live – a sanctuary, shrine, or temple. It is a place for God or a god to manifest. For the Jewish Temple, it is used of the Temple itself and the two inner chambers.
XCV “idols” = eidolon. Related to “look” in v2. 11x in NT. From eidos (form, shape, sight, appearance); from eido (see note XIV above). This is image, idol, worship or an idol.

For we areXCVI the temple of the livingXCVII God, as God said,XCVIII

“I will liveXCIX in them and walk amongC them,
    and I will be their God,
    and they shall be my people.CI

Notes on verse 16b

XCVI “are” = eimi. This is to be, exist.
XCVII “living” = zao. Same as “are alive” in v9. See note LVIII above.
XCVIII “said” = eiron. This is to speak say, answer, command.
XCIX “live” = enoikeo. 5x in NT. From en (in, on, at, by, with) + oikeo (to settle or be established somewhere in a permanent way, to make a home or live at home); {from oikos (house – the building, the household, the family, descendants; the temple)}. This is to dwell in, whether remaining in a specific status or condition. It can also mean at home.
C “walk among” = emperipateo. Related to “punished” in v9. 1x in NT. From en (in, on, at, by, with) + peripateo (to walk; foing from Hebrew figurative language, to walk referred to how you conducted your life, how you chose to live; most literally walking around; figuratively, living, behaving, following, how you occupy yourself); {from peri (about, concerning, around, encompassing) + pateo (to read, trample on; to trample literally or figuratively); {from patos (trodden) OR from paio (see note LIX above)}}. This is to walk around or among. It can be conversant with.
CI “people” = laos. This is the people or crowd – often used for the chosen people. This is where the word “laity” comes from.

17 Therefore come outCII fromCIII them,
    and be separateCIV from them, saysCV the Lord,CVI

Notes on verse 17a

CII “come out” = exerchomai. From ek (from, from out of) + erchomai (to come, go). This is to go out, depart, escape, proceed from, spread news abroad.
CIII {untranslated} = mesos. Perhaps from meta (with among, behind, beyond; implies a change following contact or action). This is middle, among, center, midst.
CIV “be separate” = aphorizo. 10x in NT. From apo (from, away from) + horizo (to determine, set boundaries, appoint, designate, pre-determined; literally, this is setting horizons); {from the same as horion (boundary, territory); from horos (limit, boundary)}. This is to set off by a boundary – to divide, separate, exclude. It can also mean ostracize or keep aloof.
CV “says” = lego. Same as “says” in v2. See note VII above.
CVI “Lord” = Kurios. From kuros (authority, supremacy). This is a respectful address meaning master or sir. It refers to one who has control or power greater than one’s own. So, it was also applied to God and Jesus as Master or Lord.

and touchCVII nothing unclean;CVIII
    then I will welcomeCIX you,
18 and I will be your father,CX

Notes on verses 17b-18a

CVII “touch” = haptomai. From hapto (to touch, handle, kindle, lay hold of). This is a touch that has an impact on what is being touched – it has an influence on the recipient so that the recipient is changed.
CVIII “unclean” = akathartos. From a (not, without) + kathairo (to cleanse or purify by purging out unwanted elements); {from katharos (clean, clear, pure, unstained; clean in a literal, ritual, or spiritual sense; so, also guiltless, innocent or upright; something that is pure because it has been separated from the negative substance or aspect; spiritually clean because of God’s act of purifying)}. This is unclean or impure, whether a thing or a person. It is something that is not mixed with something that would taint. This is unclean in a ritual or moral sense. It can also mean demonic or foul.
CIX “welcome” = eisdechomai. Related to “accept” in v1 & “acceptable” and “acceptable” in v2 & “right hand” in v7. 1x in NT. From eis (to, into, for, among) + dechomai (see note III above). This is to receive favorably, welcome personally.
CX “father” = pater. This is father in a literal or figurative sense. Could be elder, senior, ancestor, originator, or patriarch.

    and you shall be my sonsCXI and daughters,CXII
saysCXIII the Lord Almighty.”CXIV

Notes on verse 18b

CXI “sons” = huios. This is son, descendant – a son whether natural born or adopted. It can be used figuratively for other forms of kinship.
CXII “daughters” = thugater. This is daughter, a related female or one who lives with you.
CXIII “says” = lego. Same as “says” in v2. See note VII above.
CXIV “Almighty” = Pantokrator. Related to “every way” in v4. 10x in NT– 9x in Revelation. From pas (see note XXII above) + krateo (being strong or mighty so, by extension, to prevail or rule; to seize, grasp hold of, control; to arrest); {from kratos (strength, power, dominion; vigor in a literal or figurative sense; power that is exercised)}. This is almighty or omnipotent. It is the one who rules everything. It is always used of God.


Image credit: “1978 – Wayne – Detail” by Richard Rappaport, 1978.

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