Acts 23

^I “Paul” = Paulos. From Latin Paulus (small, little). This is Paul or Paulos, meaning little.
^II “looking intently” = atenizo. 14x in NT. From a (has an intensive sense) + teino (to stretch, extend, strain). This is to gaze or look steadily at with one’s full attention and fascination.
^III “council” = sunedrion. From sun (with, together with) + hedra (convening, siting together, being firm and faithful); {from aphedron (seat, well-seated; figuratively, this is firm in purpose, steadfast); from hedra (a seat)}. This is Sanhedrin – literally a sitting together. It was the high court for Jews and had 71 members. This term could also mean council or meeting place and was used for the lower courts that were throughout the land and had 23 members.

^IV {untranslated} = aner. This is man, male, husband, or fellow. It can also refer to an individual.
^V “brothers” = adelphos. From a (with, community, fellowship) + delphus (womb). This is a brother in a literal or figurative sense. It is also used of another member of the Church.
^VI “day” = hemera. Perhaps from hemai (to sit). This is day, time, or daybreak.
^VII “lived…life” = politeuomai. 2x in NT. From polites (citizen, townsperson); from polis (a city or its inhabitants; is a town of variable size, but one that has walls); probably from the same as polemos (war, quarrel, strife; battle, whether one time or on-going); {from pelomai (to bustle) or from polus (much, many, abundant)}. This is literally to live like a citizen. Figuratively, it can be to conduct oneself as a citizen does.

^VIII {untranslated} = pas. This is all or every.
^IX “clear” = agathos. This is good, a benefit, or a good thing. It is good by its very nature, intrinsically good. A different word, kalos, refers to external signs of goodness.
^X “conscience” = suneidesis. From suneidon (to see together and so know, realize, consider, be conscious of); {from sun (with, together with) + eidon (shape, appearance, kind; something observable; form in a literal or figurative sense); from eido (to know, remember, perceive – to see and so understand)}. This is properly to know together. The conscience, found in all, is a moral and spiritual capacity granted by God so that we can understand together what is good and right.
^XI “God” = Theos. From Proto-Indo-European origins, meaning do, put, place. This is God or a god in general.

^XII “high priest” = archiereus. From archo (to rule, begin, have first rank or have political power) + hiereus (a priest literal or figurative – of any faith); {from hieros (sacred, something sacred, temple, holy, set apart; something consecrated to God or a god)} This is a high or chief priest.
^XIII “Ananias” = Ananias. 11x in NT. From Hebrew Chananyah (Hananiah, “the Lord has been gracious” or “the Lord has favored”); {from Chanan (beseech, show favor, be gracious; properly, to bend in kindness to someone with less status) + Yah (the shortened form of the name of the God of Israel; God, Lord); {from YHVH (proper name of the God of Israel; God, Lord; the self-existent or eternal one); from havah (to become) or hayah (to be, become, happen)}}}. This is Ananias, meaning “the Lord has been gracious” or “graciously given of the Lord.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ananias.html 
^XIV “ordered” = epitasso. 10x in NT. From epi (on, upon, to, against, what is fitting) + tasso (to arrange, appoint, determine). This is to arrange, command, charge, order. It is a command that brings things into their proper order – so that they fit together.

^XV “standing near” = paristemi. From para (from beside, by) + histemi (to stand, place, set up, establish, stand ready, stand firm, be steadfast). This is literally to place by stand. It can mean to present, exhibit, appear, bring, stand by, or prove. It can also mean to be ready, to assist, to yield, or to commend.
^XVI “strike” = tupto. 14x in NT. This is to strike, beat, or wound – generally with a stick or cudgel. It is hitting with repeated blows. So, it contrasts with paiso and patasso, which describe single blows by hand or weapon. Also contrast plesso (beating with a fist or hammer), rhapizo (to slap), and tugchaono (hitting accidentally). This word is hitting to punish. Figuratively, it can refer to being offended.
^XVII “mouth” = stoma. Perhaps from tomoteros (sharp, keener); from temno (to cut). This is mouth, speech, language, the tip of a sword, an opening in the ground.

^XVIII “will” = mello. Perhaps from melo (something that one is worried or concerned about, something one pays attention to or thinks about). Properly, this is ready, about to happen, to intend, delay, or linger. This is just on the point of acting.
^XIX “whitewashed” = koniao. 2x in NT. From konia (dust, lime). This is to plaster on top of or whitewash.
^XX “wall” = toichos. 1x in NT. From teichos (a wall – particular of a house or around a city); perhaps from tikto (to beget, bring forth, produce). This is a wall.
^XXI “sitting” = kathemai. Related to “day” in v1. From kata (down, against, throughout, among) + hemai (see note VI above). This is to sit, be enthroned, or reside.
^XXII “judge” = krino. To judge, decide, think good, condemn, determine, pass judgment, stand trial, sue. This is judging whether it is done in court or in a private setting. Properly, it refers to mentally separating or distinguishing an issue – to come to a choice or decision, to judge positively or negatively in seeking what is right or wrong, who is innocent or guilty. It can imply trying, condemning, punishing, or avenging.

^XXIII “law” = nomos. From nemo (to parcel out). Literally, this is that which is assigned. It can be usage, custom, or law. This word can be used for human or divine law. It can be used specifically for the law of Moses or as a name for the Torah (the first five books of the Bible). Sometimes it is used for scripture as a whole, used of the Gospel, or of any theology. It is also used for the “tradition of the elders,” which would be the oral Torah – the tradition of the laws plus their interpretations as they were passed down over time. We must carefully consider which meaning of “law” is meant when we interpret passages the word is found in.
^XXIV “violation of the law” = paranomeo. Related to “law” in v3. 1x in NT. From para (beside, by, in the presence of) + nomos (see note XXIII above). This is to break the law, to act against it or be in opposition to it.
^XXV “order” = keleuo. From kelomai (to urge on). This is to command, order, or direct.
^XXVI “insult” = loidoreo. 4x in NT. From loidoros (abusive, reproach, reviler; harming someone else’s reputation with abusive words); perhaps from loidos (mischief). This is to abuse or revile – insulting someone to their face in a demoralizing or humiliating way.

^XXVII “said” = phemi. From phao (to shine). This is to declare, say, or use contrasts in speaking to shed light on one point of view.
^XXVIII “realize” = eido. Related to “conscience” in v1. See note X above.
^XXIX “was” = eimi. This is to be, exist.
^XXX “written” = grapho. This is to write or describe. It is where the word “graphic” comes from.

^XXXI “speak” = ereo. Perhaps from rheo (to say, speak of, command). This is to say, tell, speak, mean, command.
^XXXII “evil” = kakos. 16x in NT. From kakos (bad, evil, harm, ill; evil that is part of someone’s core character – intrinsic, rotted, worthless, depraved, causing harm; deep inner malice that comes from a rotten character; can be contrasted with the Greek poneros, which is that which bears pain – a focus on the miseries and pains that come with evil; also contrasting the Greek sapros, which deals with falling away from a previously embodied virtue). This is wrongly, badly, cruelly, with bad motives, misery connected to affliction. It can be physically badly or morally badly, i.e. evilly.
^XXXIII “leader” = archon. Related to “high priest” in v2. From archo (see note XII above). This is ruler, leader, magistrate, official, prince, chief.
^XXXIV “people” = laos. This is the people or crowd – often used for the chosen people. This is where the word “laity” comes from.

^XXXV “noticed” = ginosko. This is to know, recognize, realize, perceive, learn. It is knowledge gained through personal experience.
^XXXVI “some” = heis + meros. Literally, “one part.” Heis is one, a person, only, some. Meros is from meiromai (to get your allotment or portion). This is a part, a share, or a portion.
^XXXVII “Sadducees” = Saddoukaios. 14x in NT. Probably from Hebrew tsadoq (Zadok, a personal name); from tsadaq (to be just or righteous, do justice); from tsedeq (rightness, righteousness, just cause, vindication; that which is right in a natural, moral, or legal sense; abstractly equity; figuratively prosperity). This is a Sadducee. Whereas the Sadducees were part of the priestly line and inherited their religious position and responsibilities, Pharisees were regular people who studied the scriptures and offered guidance to regular folk. Sadducees were often wealthier and willing to sacrifice their identity to rub elbows with Roman society. Pharisees were often more concerned with what it meant to follow God without compromising what made them different as followers of God. Sadducees primarily believed in that which was written down (the first five books of the Bible) and Pharisees believed in the Bible and the traditions of the elders.

^XXXVIII “others” = heteros. This is other, another, different, strange. It is another of a different kind in contrast to the Greek word allos, which is another of the same kind. This could be a different quality, type, or group.
^XXXIX “Pharisees” = Pharisaios. From Aramaic peras (to divide, separate) and from Hebrew parash (to make distinct, separate, scatter). This is a Pharisee, a member of a Jewish sect active in the 1^st century. Their name meant separate in the sense of wanting to live a life separated from sin. Whereas the Sadducees were part of the priestly line and inherited their religious position and responsibilities, Pharisees were regular people who studied the scriptures and offered guidance to regular folk. Sadducees were often wealthier and willing to sacrifice their identity to rub elbows with Roman society. Pharisees were often more concerned with what it meant to follow God without compromising what made them different as followers of God. Sadducees primarily believed in that which was written down (the first five books of the Bible) and Pharisees believed in the Bible and the traditions of the elders. Pharisees had a very wide range of interpretations and diversity of opinion. Their standard mode of religious engagement was lively debate with one another. To argue religion with another teacher was to recognize that they had something of value to offer.
^XL “called out” = krazo. This is to cry out, scream, shriek. It is onomatopoeia for the sound of a raven’s call. Figuratively, this means crying out urgently without intelligible words to express something that is deeply felt.

^XLI {untranslated} = aner. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note IV above.
^XLII “son” = huios. This is son, descendant – a son whether natural born or adopted. It can be used figuratively for other forms of kinship.
^XLIII “am on trial” = krino. Same as “judge” in v3. See note XXII above.
^XLIV “hope” = elpis. From elpo (to anticipate, welcome, expect; usually to anticipate positively). This is expectation, hope, trust, confidence faith. The expectation can be abstract or concrete.
^XLV “resurrection” = anastasis. Related to “standing near” in v2. From anistemi (to raise up, rise, appear; to stand up literally or figuratively. Can also mean to resurrect); from ana (upwards, up, again, back, anew) + histemi (see note XV above). This is literally standing up or standing again. It is used figuratively for recovering a spiritual truth. It can be raising up, rising, or resurrection.
^XLVI “dead” = nekros. Perhaps from nekus (corpse). This is dead or lifeless, mortal, corpse. It can also be used figuratively for powerless or ineffective. It is where the word “necrotic” comes from.

^XLVII “said” = laleo. From lalos (talkative). This is to talk, say, or preach.
^XLVIII “dissension” = stasis. Related to “standing near” in v2 & “resurrection” in v6. 9x in NT– including Barabbas’s crime. From histemi (see note XV above). This is standing – the act of standing, a place, an uprising, insurrection, dissension, or controversy.
^XLIX “began” = ginomai. This is to come into being, to happen, become, be born. It can be to emerge from one state or condition to another or is coming into being with the sense of movement or growth.

^L “assembly” = plethos. From pletho (to fill, accomplish, supply; to fill to maximum capacity). This is fullness, multitude, great number.
^LI “divided” = schizo. 11x in NT. This is to split, divide, tear, sever; split in a literal or figurative sense. This is where the word “schism” comes from and also “schizophrenia” (literally “split mind”).
^LII {untranslated} = men. This is truly, indeed, even, in fact. Often, it is not translated, but used to emphasize affirmation.
^LIII “say” = lego. This is to speak, say, name, call, command. It is generally to convey verbally.

^LIV “angel” = aggelos. Probably from ago (to lead, bring, carry, guide) + agele (flock, herd, drove); {also from ago (see above)}. This is angel or messenger. Properly, it is one sent with news or to perform a specific task. This messenger can be human or an angel from heaven. More commonly, it is used for angels in the New Testament.
^LV “spirit” = pneuma. From pneo (to blow, breathe, breathe hard). This is wind, breath, or ghost. A breeze or a blast or air, a breath. Figuratively used for a spirit, the human soul or part of us that is rational. It is also used supernaturally for angels, demons, God, and the Holy Spirit. This is where pneumonia comes from.
^LVI “acknowledge” = homologeo. Related to “say” in v8. From homologos (of one mind); {from homos (the same) + lego (see note LIII above)}. This is to agree, speak the same, declare, promise, praise, celebrate. It can mean to align with, express the same conclusion, endorse.
^LVII “all three” = amphoteroi. 14x in NT. from ampho (both sides, around). This is both or all.

^LVIII “great” = megas. This is big in a literal or figurative sense – great, large, exceeding, abundant, high, mighty, perfect, strong, etc.
^LIX “clamor” = krauge. Related to “called out” in v6. 6x in NT. From krazo (see note XL above). This is a very emotional shout or cry generally or clamor against someone else. It can express alarm, trouble, or grief.
^LX “arose” = ginomai. Same as “began” in v7. See note XLIX above.
^LXI “scribes” = grammateus. Related to “written” in v5. From gramma (what is drawn or written so a letter of the alphabet, correspondence, literature, learning); from grapho (see note XXX above). This is a writer, scribe, or secretary. Within Judaism, it was someone learned in the Law, a teacher. Also used in the Bible of the town-clerk of Ephesus. See Sirach 38:24-39:11 for a lengthier, positive passage about who scribes were and what they meant in society.

^LXII “group” = meros. Same as “some” in v6. See note XXXVI above.
^LXIII “stood up” = anistemi. Related to “standing near” in v2 & “resurrection” in v6 & “dissension” in v7. See note XLV above.
^LXIV “contended” = diamachomai. 1x in NT. From dia (through, across to the other side, thoroughly) + machomai (to fight, strive, dispute, quarrel; to war). This is to struggle or strive against, to have a big argument.
^LXV {untranslated} = lego. Same as “say” in v8. See note LIII above.

^LXVI “find” = heurisko. This is to find, learn, or obtain. It is to discover something, which generally implies a period of searching for it. This is to find in a literal or figurative sense. This is where the word “heuristic” comes from.
^LXVII “wrong” = kakos. Related to “evil” in v5. See note XXXII above.
^LXVIII “man” = anthropos. Related to {untranslated} in v1. Probably from aner (see note IV above) + ops (eye, face); {from optanomai (to appear, be seen); perhaps from horao (become, seem, appear)}. This is human, humankind. Used for all genders.
^LXIX “spoken” = laleo. Same as “said” in v7. See note XLVII above.
^LXX Some manuscripts add “let us not fight against God” = me + theomacheo. Theomacheo is related to “God” in v1 & to “contended” in v9. 1x in NT. From theomachos (fight against God or a deity); {from theos (see note XI above) + machomai (see note LXIV above)}. This is to resist or fight against God.

^LXXI “became” = ginomai. Same as “began” in v7. See note XLIX above.
^LXXII “violent” = polus. Related to “lived…life” in v1. See note VII above.
^LXXIII “tribune” = chiliarchos. Related to “high priest” in v2 & “leader” in v5. From chilioi (thousand literal and figurative; can mean total inclusion) + archos (chief, leader); {from archo (see note XII above)}. This is chiliarch – one who commands a thousand.
^LXXIV “fearing” = phobeo. From phobos (panic flight, fear, fear being caused, terror, alarm, that which causes fear, reverence, respect); from phebomai (to flee, withdraw, be put to flight). This is also to put to flight, terrify, frighten, dread, reverence, to withdraw or avoid. It is sometimes used in a positive sense to mean the fear of the Lord, echoing Old Testament language. More commonly, it is fear of following God’s path. This is where the word phobia comes from.

^LXXV “tear…to pieces” = diaspao. 2x in NT. From dia (through, because of, across, thoroughly) + spao (to pull, to draw a sword). This is to tear apart, sever, burst.
^LXXVI “ordered” = keleuo. Same as “order” in v3. See note XXV above.
^LXXVII “soldiers” = strateuma. 8x in NT. From strateuo (to wage war, fight, serve as a soldier; used figuratively for spiritual warfare); or from the base of stronnuo (to spread, to spread out like a bed). This is an expedition, soldier, group of soldiers, army.
^LXXVIII “go down” = katabaino. From kata (down, against, throughout, among) + baino (to walk, go). This is to come down whether from the sky to the ground or from higher ground to lower. It can be used in a literal or figurative sense.

^LXXIX “take…by force” = harpazo. 14x in NT. Perhaps from haireomai (to choose, take); probably related to airo (raise, take up, lift, remove). This is to grab with force, seize, pluck, get through robbery, snatch up. This is taking something openly and violently – not subtly or in secret.
^LXXX {untranslated} = ek + mesos. Literally, “from their midst.” Mesos is perhaps from meta (with among, behind, beyond; implies a change following contact or action). This is middle, among, center, midst.
^LXXXI “bring” = ago. Related to “angel” in v8. See note LIV above.
^LXXXII “barracks” = parembole. 11x in NT. From para (by, beside, in the presence of) + emballo (to throw in, subject to); {from en (in, on, at, by, with) + ballo (to throw, cast, place, put, drop)}. This is a juxtaposition, camp, barracks.

^LXXXIII “that” = epiousa. 5x in NT– all from Acts. Perhaps related to epeimi (to com after, follow); {from epi (on, upon, at, what is fitting) + related to exeimi (to go out, leave, escape)} OR from epi (on, upon, at, what is fitting) + hiemi (to go). This is next, following – the following day or evening.
^LXXXIV “night” = nux. This is night in a literal or figurative sense.
^LXXXV “Lord” = Kurios. From kuros (authority, supremacy). This is a respectful address meaning master or sir. It refers to one who has control or power greater than one’s own. So, it was also applied to God and Jesus as Master or Lord.
^LXXXVI “stood near” = ephistemi. Related to “standing near” in v2 & “resurrection” in v6 & “dissension” in v7 & “stood up” in v9. From epi (on, upon, what is fitting) + histemi (see note XV above). This is to stand upon, happen, be present. Usually, it is used in a literal sense.

^LXXXVII “keep up…courage” = tharseo. 7x in NT. From tharsos (courage, confidence, boldness); from thrasus (bold, daring). This is to have courage or good cheer, to be bold or confident.
^LXXXVIII “testified” = diamarturomai. 15x in NT. From dia (through, across to the other side, thoroughly) + marturomai (to witness, testify, call as a witness, affirm, charge, protest); {from martus (a witness whether having heard or seen something; witness literally, judicially, or figuratively; by analogy, a martyr)}. This is to affirm, give evidence, testify thoroughly. It is giving full testimony.
^LXXXIX “Jerusalem” = Ierousalem. From Hebrew Yerushalaim (probably foundation of peace); {from yarah (to throw, shoot, be stunned; to flow as water so figuratively to instruct or teach) + shalam (to make amends, to be complete or sound)}. This is Jerusalem, dwelling of peace.

^XC “must” = dei. From deo (to tie, bind, compel; declare unlawful). This is what is necessary or proper. It is what is needed or what one should do – a duty or something inevitable. This refers to something absolutely necessary.
^XCI “bear witness” = martureo. Related to “testified” in v11. From martus (see note LXXXVIII above). This is to bear witness, testify, give evidence. It is to testify in a literal or figurative sense.
^XCII “Rome” = Rhome. 8x in NT. From the base of rhonnumi (to strengthen, be firm, have health; used as a salutation in letters at the end); {probably from rhoomai (to move quickly)} OR from Latin Romulus (the one who founded Rome according to legend – many scholars believe this was suggested after the fact i.e. long after Rome was called Rome) OR from Rumon or Rumen (the Tiber river); {related to Proto-Indo-European root *srew- (to flow)} OR from Etruscan ruma (teat). This is Rome. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome

^XCIII {untranslated} = ginomai. Same as “began” in v7. See note XLIX above.
^XCIV “morning” = hemera. Same as “day” in v1. See note VI above.
^XCV “Jews” = Ioudaios. From Ioudas (Judah, Judas); from Hebrew Yehudah (Judah, son of Jacob, his tribal descendants, a name for the southern kingdom. Literally, it means praised); probably from yadah (to throw one’s hands into the air in a gesture of praise); from yad (hand). This is Jewish, a Jew, or Judea.
^XCVI “joined” = poieo. This is to make, do, act, construct, abide, or cause.
^XCVII “conspiracy” = sustrophe. 2x in NT. From sustrepho (to gather, twist together, bundle, crowd); {from sun (with, together with) + strepho (to turn, change, turn back, be converted; to turn around completely to take the opposite path or a completely different one); {from trope (turning, shifting, a revolution; figuratively, a variation); from trepo (to turn)}}. This is a riotous mob, conspiracy, commotion, secret coalition.

^XCVIII “bound…by an oath” = anathematizo. 4x in NT – 1x in Mark 14 + 3x in Acts 23. From anathema (solemn, anathema, or accursed; a thing that is laid up, such as a votive offering or something one pledges to God; a divine curse or a divine ban, something or someone that is cast out); from anatithemi (to set up or fort, communicate, submit, declare); {from ana (up, again, back, among, anew) + tithemi (to put, place, set, fix, establish in a literal or figurative sense; properly, this is placing something in a passive or horizontal position)}. This is to invoke a curse, make an oath or vow with penalties included, to say something is anathema.
^XCIX {untranslated} = lego. Same as “say” in v8. See note LIII above.
^C “eat” = phago. This is to eat or figuratively to consume like rust does.
^CI “drink” = pino. This is to drink, literally or figuratively.
^CII “killed” = apokteino. From apo (from, away from) + kteino (to kill). To put to death, kill, slay. Figuratively, this word can mean abolish, destroy, or extinguish.

^CIII “more than” = pleion. Related to “lived…life” in v1 & “violent” in v10. From polus (see note VII above). This is many, more, great, having a greater value, more excellent.
^CIV “forty” = tesserakonta. From tessares (four). This is forty, which sometimes indicates a full period of time.
^CV “conspiracy” = sunomosia. 1x in NT. From sunomnumi (to swear together); {from sun (with, together with) + omnuo (to swear, make an oath)}. This is swearing together, which is to say =a plot or conspiracy.
^CVI “went” = proserchomai. From pros (for, at, towards) + erchomai (to come, go). This is to approach, draw near, come up to. It is also used figuratively to mean worship.
^CVII “chief priests” = archiereus. Same as “high priest” in v2. See note XII above.
^CVIII “elders” = presbuteros. From presbus (old man). This is an elder as one of the Sanhedrin and also in the Christian assembly in the early church.

^CIX “strictly bound” = anathematizo. Same as “bound…by an oath” in v12. See note XCVIII above.
^CX “oath” = anathema. Related to “bind…by an oath” in v12. 6x in NT. See note XCVIII above.
^CXI “taste” = geuomai. 15x in NT. This is to taste, which implies eating. It can be used figuratively to mean experience, whether positively or negatively.
^CXII “notify” = emphanizo. 10x in NT. From emphanes (visible, apparent, openly, understood); {from en (in, on, at, by, with) + phaino (to bring light, cause to appear, shine, become visible or clear)}. This is to declare, make visible, or exhibit in person. It can also be to report against or notify.
^CXIII “bring…down” = katago. Related to “angel” in v8 & “bring” in v10. 9x in NT. From kata (down, against, according to, among) + ago (see note LIV above). This is to bring or lead down. It could be from higher to lower ground or from out to sea closer to the land.

^CXIV “want” = mello. Same as “will” in v3. See note XVIII above.
^CXV “more thorough” = akribos. 9x in NT. From akriboo (examine carefully, learn diligently); from akribes (high point, extreme) OR from akros (the point, end); from akrib– (learning precise information with as much accuracy as possible; probing inquiry to gain a comprehensive, exact sense of the facts). This is carefully, strictly, diligently, with great accuracy. This is investigated to the finest point and so precise.
^CXVI “make a…examination” = diaginosko. Related to “noticed” in v6. 2x in NT – from Acts 23 + 24. From dia (through, across to the other side, thoroughly) + ginosko (see note XXXV above). This is to distinguish, decide, examine. So, it has a sense of ascertaining exactly.

^CXVII “ready” = hetoimos. 17x in NT. From heteos (fitting, fitness). This is make ready, be ready because of being prepared, standing by, adjusted; ready to meet some opportunity or challenge.
^CXVIII “do away with” = anaireo. Related to “take…by force” in v10. From ana (up, back, among, again, anew) + haireo (see note LXXIX above). This is to take up or away, which implies taking with violence. So, this is used for murdering, executing, and slaying.
^CXIX “arrives” = eggizo. From eggus (nearby or near in time). This is extremely close by – approaching, at hand, immediately imminent.

^CXX “sister” = adelphe. Related to “brothers” in v1. From adelphos (see note V above). This is sister in a literal or figurative sense.
^CXXI “heard” = akouo. This is hear or listen, but it also means to understand by hearing. This is where the word “acoustics” comes from.
^CXXII “ambush” = enedra. Related to “council” in v1. 2x in NT – in Acts 23 + 25. From en (in, on, at, by, with) + from hedra (see note III above). This is lying in wait. So, it could be a plot or treachery. Figuratively, it can be a murderous ambush.
^CXXIII “went” = paraginomai. Related to “began” in v7. From para (from beside, by) + ginomai (see note XLIX above). This is to arrive, appear, reach. It implies appearing publicly.
^CXXIV “gained entrance” = eiserchomai. Related to “went” in v14. From eis (to, into, for, among) + erchomai (see note CVI above). This is to go in in a literal or figurative sense.
^CXXV “told” = apaggello. Related to “angel” in v8 & “bring” in v10 & “bring…down” in v15. From apo (from, away from) + aggello (to announce, report); {from aggelos (see note LIV above)}. This is to report, declare, bring word. It is an announcement that emphasizes the source.

^CXXVI “called” = proskaleo. Related to “order” in v3. From pros (at, to, toward, with) + kaleo (to call by name, invite, to name, bid, summon, call aloud); {related to keleuo (see note XXV above)}. This is to call to oneself, summon.
^CXXVII “one” = heis. Same as “some” in v6. See note XXXVI above.
^CXXVIII “centurions” = hekatontarches. Related to “high priest” in v2 & “leader” in v5 & “tribune” in v10. From hekaton (hundred) + archo (see note XII above). This is a centurion from the Roman army, leader a captain of one hundred soldiers.

^CXXIX “said” = phemi. Same as “said” in v5. See note XXVII above.
^CXXX “take” = apago. Related to “angel” in v8 & “bring” in v10 & “bring…down” in v15 & “told” in v16. 16x in NT. From apo (from, away from) + ago (see note LIV above). This is to lead away, take away, or bring. Figuratively, it can refer to being led astray or put to death.
^CXXXI “young man” = neanias. 3x in NT. From neos (young, new, youth, person). This is youth or young man – it is an adult up to the age of 40.
^CXXXII “has” = echo. This is to have, hold, possess.
^CXXXIII “report” = apaggello. Same as “told” in v16. See note CXXV above.

^CXXXIV {untranslated} = men. Same as {untranslated} in v8. See note LII above.
^CXXXV “took” = paralambano. From para (beside, by, in the presence of) + lambano (active acceptance/taking of what is available or what has been offered; emphasizes the choice and action of the individual). This is to receive, take, acknowledge, associate with. It can also mean to take on an office or to learn.
^CXXXVI “brought” = ago. Same as “bring” in v10. See note LXXXI above.

^CXXXVII “said” = phemi. Same as “said” in v5. See note XXVII above.
^CXXXVIII “prisoner” = desmios. Related to “must” in v11. 17x in NT. From desomon (a chain, bond, impediment; being in jail, a ligament); from deo (see note XC above). This is a binding or one who is bound. So, it can be a prisoner or captive.
^CXXXIX “called” = proskaleo. Same as “called” in v17. See note CXXVI above.

^CXL “asked” = erotao. Related to “speak” in v5. From eromai (to ask) OR from ereo (see note XXXI above). This is asking a question or making an earnest request. It is used between someone with whom the asker is close in some sense. So, they anticipate special consideration for their request.
^CXLI “bring” = ago. Same as “bring” in v10. See note LXXXI above.
^CXLII “young man” = neaniskos. Related to “young man” in v17. 11x in NT. From neanias (see note CXXXI above). This is a youth or young man in their prime up to 40.
^CXLIII “tell” = laleo. Same as “said” in v7. See note XLVII above.

^CXLIV “took” = epilambanomai. Related to “took” in v18. 19x in NT. From epi (on, upon, against, what is fitting) + lambano (see note CXXXV above). This is to take hold of, catch, or seize. It can also mean to help. It focuses on the intentionality and resolve of the one doing the catching.
^CXLV “hand” = cheir. This is the hand in a literal sense. Figuratively, the hand is the means a person uses to accomplish things so it can also mean power, means, or instrument.
^CXLVI “drew…aside” = anachoreo. 14x in NT. From ana (up, again, back, among, anew) + choreo (to make space, receive, have room for, progress, depart so as to make room; figuratively, living open-heartedly); {from choros (a particular space or place); from chora (space, land, region, fields, open area); from chasma (gap, gulf, chasm, open space); from chasko (to gape, yawn)}.  This is to withdraw, depart, retire, or leave. It can give a sense of seeking safety from harm or of retiring.
^CXLVII “privately” = idios. This is something that belongs to you or that is personal, private, apart. It indicates a stronger sense of possession than a simple possessive pronoun. This is where “idiot” comes from (denoting someone who hasn’t had formal training or education and so they rely on their own understanding).
^CXLVIII “asked” = punthanomai. 12x in NT. This is to ask in order to learn. It is not to ask a favor (erotao in Greek), to demand something felt to be owed (aiteo), to search for a hidden thing (zeteo), or to ask for urgent help (deomai). This is to figure something out through questions.

^CXLIX “agreed” = suntithemi. Related to “bind…by an oath” in v12 & “oath” in v14. 4x in NT. From sun (with, together with) + tithemi (see note XCVIII above). This is literally to set together – to make an agreement, bargain, stipulate, observe.
^CL “ask” = erotao. Same as “asked” in v18. See note CXL above.
^CLI “tomorrow” = aurion. 14x in NT. Perhaps from aer (air that we breathe); from aemi (to breathe or blow). This is tomorrow.
^CLII “going to” = mello. Same as “will” in v3. See note XVIII above.
^CLIII “inquire” = punthanomai. Same as “asked” in v19. See note CXLVIII above.

^CLIV “persuaded” = peitho. This is to have confidence, to urge, be persuaded, agree, assure, believe, have confidence, trust. It is the root from which the Greek word for faith is drawn (pistis).
^CLV “men” = aner. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note IV above.
^CLVI “lying in ambush” = enedreuo. Related to “council” in v1 & “ambush” in v16. 2x in NT. From enedra (see note CXXII above). This is to try to ambush or trap. Figuratively, it can be deceive or plot to kill.

^CLVII “kill” = anaireo. Same as “do away with” in v15. See note CXVIII above.
^CLVIII “waiting” = prosdechomai. 14x in NT. From pros (at, to, toward, with) + dechomai (to warmly receive, be ready for what is offered, take, accept, or welcome; to receive in a literal or figurative sense). This is to receive, welcome, expect, accept. It is reception with a warm, personal welcome or active waiting. It can also mean endurance or patience.
^CLIX “consent” = epaggelia. Related to “angel” in v8 & “bring” in v10 & “bring…down” in v15 & “told” in v16 & “take” in v17. From epi (on, upon, against, what is fitting) + aggello (see note CXXV above). This is a summons, promise, or message. It is a formal promise that is officially sanctioned. In the New Testament, this usually refers to a promise made in the Old Testament.

^CLX {untranslated} = men. Same as {untranslated} in v8. See note LII above.
^CLXI “dismissed” = apoluo. From apo (from, away from) + luo (to loose, release, untie; figuratively, to break, destroy, or annul; releasing what had been withheld). This is letting go, setting free, or releasing. So, it can be to discharge, dismiss, divorce, pardon, or set at liberty.
^CLXII “young man” = neaniskos. Same as “young man” in v18. See note CXLII above.

^CLXIII “ordering” = paraggello. Related to “angel” in v8 & “bring” in v10 & “bring…down” in v15 & “told” in v16 & “take” in v17 & “consent” in v21. From para (from beside, by) + aggello (see note CXXV above). This is to send a message, order, notify, command. It is a charge – a proper command as a military term that has followed proper channels. It can also mean to entreat solemnly.
^CLXIV “tell” = eklaleo. Related to “said” in v7. 1x in NT. From ek (from, from out of) + laleo (see note XLVII above). This is to speak out or disclose.
^CLXV “informed” = emphanizo. Same as “notify” in v15. See note CXII above.

^CLXVI “summoned” = proskaleo. Same as “called” in v17. See note CXXVI above.
^CLXVII “two” = duo. This is two or both.
^CLXVIII “get ready” = hetoimazo. Related to “ready” in v15. From hetoimos (see note CXVII above). This is to prepare or provide.
^CLXIX “leave” = poreuomai. From poros (ford, passageway). This is to go, travel, journey, or die. It refers to transporting things from one place to another and focuses on the personal significance of the destination.

^CLXX “nine o’clock” = tritos + hora. Literally, “the third hour.” Tritos is From treis (three). This is third. Hora is a set time or period, an hour, instant, or season. This is where the word “hour” comes from.
^CLXXI “tonight” = nux. Same as “night” in v11. See note LXXXIV above.
^CLXXII “Caesarea” = Kaisareia. 17x in NT. From kaisar (Caesar, at first a last name, then taken as a title by Roman emperors); from Latin (Caesar); perhaps from Punic caesai (elephant) OR from Latin a cesiis oculis (because of the blue eyes) OR from Latin a caesarie (because of the hair) OR from Latin a caeso matris utero (born by Caesarean section) OR from Latin caedo (to cut). This is Caesarea – part of the name of two cities in Palestine. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Caesar#Latin.

^CLXXIII “two hundred” = diakosioi. Related to “two” in v23 & to “centurions” in v17. 8x in NT. From dis (twice, utterly, again); from duo (see note CLXVII above)} + hekaton (see note CXXVIII above). This is two hundred.
^CLXXIV “soldiers” = stratiotes. Related to “soldiers” in v10. From stratia (army; used figuratively for large organized groups like the angels and the hosts of heaven, which is to say the stars); from the same as strateuo (see note LXXVII above). This is a soldier in a literal or figurative sense.
^CLXXV “seventy” = hebdomekonta. 5x in NT. From hebdomos (seventh); {from hepta (seven or seventh; figuratively, the number of completeness or perfection)} + deka (ten or -teen). This is seventy.
^CLXXVI “horsemen” = hippeus. 2x in NT – both in this passage. From hippos (a horse). This is a mounted soldier or cavalryman.
^CLXXVII “spearmen” = dexiolabes. Related to “waiting” in v21 & to “took” in v18 & “took” in v19. 1x in NT. From dexios (right, right side, or the right hand); {perhaps from dechomai (see note CLVIII above)} + lambano (see note CXXXV above). This is a spearman – someone whose post as at the right hand. It could also be a light-armed soldier.  

^CLXXVIII “provide” = paristemi. Same as “standing near” in v2. See note XV above.
^CLXXIX “mounts” = ktenos. 4x in NT. From ktaomai (to get, purchase, possess). This is an animal used for labor like a horse or a mule – for carrying loads or yoking to a vehicle. Specifically, it can refer to any domestic animal.
^CLXXX “ride” = epibibazo. Related to “go down” in v10. 3x in NT. From epibaino (to step on, embark, get on a horse or ship, ascend); {from epi (on, upon, against, what is fitting) + baino (see note LXXVIII above)}. This is to put or place upon. It is always used of someone putting someone else on an animal mount.

^CLXXXI “take…safely” = diasozo. 8x in NT. From dia (through, across to the other side, thoroughly) + sozo (to save, heal, rescue); {from sos (safe, well, rescued)}. This is thoroughly saved or delivered from danger. It can also be to make someone entirely whole, to cure, or preserve.
^CLXXXII “Felix” = Phelix. 9x in NT – all in Acts. From Latin felix (fruitful, fertile, abundant, lucky, happy); from feo (to bear, produce). This is Felix, meaning “fortunate” or “happy” or “lucky” or “fruitful.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Felix.html
^CLXXXIII “governor” = hegemon. Related to “angel” in v8 & “bring” in v10 & “bring…down” in v15 & “told” in v16 & “take” in v17 & “consent” in v21 & “ordering” in v22. From hegeomai (to think, suppose, have an opinion; to lead the way, what comes in front or first, initial thought, high esteem or authority; one who commands in an official capacity); from ago (see note LIV above). This is a leader in general, but also specifically a governor or commander. This is where “hegemony” comes from.

^CLXXXIV “letter” = epistole. Related to “standing near” in v2 & “resurrection” in v6 & “dissension” in v7 & “stood up” in v9 & “stood near” in v11. From epistello (to write, communicate through letter); {from epi (on, upon, against, what is fitting) + stello (to send, set, arrange, prepare, gather up); {from histemi (see note XV above)}}. This is an epistle, letter, or other written message. This is where the word “epistle” comes from.
^CLXXXV {untranslated} = echo. Same as “has” in v17. See note CXXXII above.
^CLXXXVI “effect” = tupos. Related to “strike” in v2. 16x in NT. From tupto (see note XVI above). This is a figure, model, image, impression, pattern, copy. Properly, this is a model created through much repetition so figuratively it is the proper model. It can be the impression of a stamped image, the mark of a scar, the shape of a statue. Figuratively, it can refer to a style or resemblance. Used specially, it is a model as something to imitate or as a cautionary tale. This is where the word “type” comes from.

^CLXXXVII “Claudius” = Klaudios. 3x in NT– all in Acts. From Latin Claudius (Claudius); {from Latin claudico (to limp, waver, be lacking in something) or from Latin claudo (to enclose, close)}. This is Claudius, meaning “limp” or “enclosure” or “lame” or “safe haven” or “support” or “one to lean on.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Claudius.html & https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Claudius#Latin
^CLXXXVIII “Lysias” = Lusias. Related to “dismissed” in v22. 3x in NT. Perhaps from lusis (loosing, releasing, freeing through a ritual or expiation, emptying, end of a fever); from luo (see note CLXI above). This is Lysias, a name meaning “deliverance.” See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Lysias & https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Lysias.html
^CLXXXIX “Excellency” = kratistos. 4x in NT. From kratus (strong) OR from kratos (strength, power, dominion; vigor in a literal or figurative sense; power that is exercised). This is strongest, noblest – high in dignity or honor; used to speak to a high ranking Roman. It can also differentiate an equestrian from a senator.
^CXC “greetings” = chairo. From char– (to extend favor, lean towards, be inclined to be favorable towards). This is to rejoice, be glad or cheerful; a greeting. This is the root verb that the Greek word for “grace” comes from (charis).

^CXCI “man” = aner. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note IV above.
^CXCII “seized” = sullambano. Related to “took” in v18 & “took” in v19 & “spearman” in v23. 16x in NT. From sun (with, together with) + lambano (see note CXXXV above). This is to take, take part in, conceive, help. It can also be clasp or seize as to arrest or take hold of someone.
^CXCIII “was about to” = mello. Same as “will” in v3. See note XVIII above.
^CXCIV “killed” = anaireo. Same as “do away with” in v15. See note CXVIII above.

^CXCV “learned” = manthano. This is to learn, ascertain, understand. It is knowledge that one gets from personal experience and it implies reflecting on that experience. It can also focus on gaining knowledge by learning facts. This root is where the Greek word for disciple comes from (mathetes).
^CXCVI “Roman” = Rhomaios. Related to “Rome” in v11. 12x in NT. From Rhome (see note XCII above). This is Rome, Roman, or Roman citizen. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome
^CXCVII “came” = ephistemi. Same as “stood near” in v11. See note LXXXVI above.
^CXCVIII “guard” = strateuma. Same as “soldiers” in v10. See note LXXVII above.
^CXCIX “rescued” = exaireo. Related to “take…by force” in v10 & “do away with” in v15. 8x in NT. From ek (from, from out of) + haireo (see note LXXIX above). This is to remove, pluck, tear, or choose. Properly, it refers to a complete removal or a complete rescue.

^CC “wanted” = boulomai. This is to wish, desire, intend. Also, to plan with great determination.
^CCI “know” = epiginosko. Related to “noticed” in v6 & “make a…examination” in v15. From epi (on, upon, what is fitting) + ginosko (see note XXXV above). This is to perceive, discern, acknowledge, recognize, know exactly because of direct interaction.
^CCII “charge” = aitia. From aiteo (to ask, demand, beg, desire). This is a cause or reason. It can also be a legal crime, accusation, guilt, or case.
^CCIII “accused” = egkaleo. Related to “order” in v3 & “called” in v17. 7x in NT – 6x in Acts + 1x in Romans. From en (in, on, at, by, with) + kaleo (see note CXXVI above). This is to call in, accuse, call to account.
^CCIV “brought” = katago. Same as “bring…down” in v15. See note CXIII above.

^CCV “questions” = zetema. 5x in NT– all in Acts. From zeteo (to seek, search for, desire. searching for something by inquiring or investigation; to seek in a literal or figurative sense; to worship God). This is a question, controversy, issue, debate, search.
^CCVI “charged” = echo + egklema. Echo is the same as “has” in v17. See note CXXXII above. Egklema is related to “order” in v3 & “called” in v17 & “accused” in v28. 2x in NT – in Acts 23 + 25. From egkaleo (see note CCIII above). This is an accusation or charge.
^CCVII “deserving” = axios. Related to “angel” in v8 & “bring” in v10 & “bring…down” in v15 & “told” in v16 & “take” in v17 & “consent” in v21 & “ordering” in v22 & “governor” in v24. From ago (see note LIV above). This is related to weight or worth – deserving, suitable, corresponding, due reward.
^CCVIII “death” = thanatos. From thnesko (to die, be dead). This is death, whether literal or spiritual. It can also refer to something that is fatal.
^CCIX “imprisonment” = desmos. Related to “must” in v11 & “prisoner” in v18. 18x in NT. From deo (see note XC above). This is a chain, bond, infirmity, impediment.

^CCX “informed” = menuo. 4x in NT. Perhaps from mnaomai (to remember; by implication give reward or consequence); perhaps from meno (to stay, abide, wait, endure). OR from massaomai (to chew, gnaw); from masso (to knead, squeeze) OR from mao (to strive). This is to show, inform, reveal, report. It is to disclose in a legal setting. It implies mental effort.
^CCXI “plot” = epiboule. Related to “wanted” in v28. 4x in NT – all in Acts. From epi (on, upon, against, what is fitting) + boule (counsel, plan, purpose, decision; wisdom that comes from deliberation); {from boulomai (see note CC above)}. This is a plot targeting someone, an ambush.
^CCXII “man” = aner. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note IV above.

^CCXIII “sent” = pempo. This is to send, put forth, or dispatch. This often refers to a temporary errand. It is sending someone with a focus on the place they departed from. By contrast, another Greek word, hiemi, emphasizes the destination and yet another word, stello, focuses on the motion that goes with the sending.
^CCXIV “at once” = exautes. 6x in NT. From ek (from, from out of) + autos (he, she, self, they, same). Literally “from that one,” with the sense of “from that hour.” So, it is at once, immediately.
^CCXV “ordering” = paraggello. Same as “ordering” in v22. See note CLXIII above.
^CCXVI “accusers” = kategoros. 7x in NT. From kata (down, against, throughout, among) + agoreuo (speaking in the assembly)} OR from kata (see above) + agora (assembly, forum, marketplace, town square); {from ageiro (to gather)}. This is a prosecutor or accusor. It is a legal term, but can also refer to Satan.
^CCXVII “state” = lego. Same as “say” in v8. See note LIII above.

^CCXVIII {untranslated} = men. Same as {untranslated} in v8. See note LII above.
^CCXIX “soldiers” = stratiotes. Same as “soldiers” in v23. See note CLXXIV above.
^CCXX “instructions” = diatasso. Related to “ordered” in v2. 16x in NT. From dia (through, across to the other side, thoroughly) + tasso (see note XIV above). This is to arrange thoroughly, charge, appoint, give orders to. It is a command that is a proper order, given with the chain of command and so binding. This is from ancient military language.

^CCXXI “took” = analambano. Related to “took” in v18 & “took” in v19 & “spearman” in v23 & “seized” in v27. 13x in NT. From ana (up, again, anew) + lambano (see note CXXXV above). This is to take up, lead away, raise. It is often used of the ascension.
^CCXXII “brought” = ago. Same as “bring” in v10. See note LXXXI above.
^CCXXIII “Antipatris” = Antipatris. 1x in NT. From anti (opposite, instead of, against) + patris (belonging to one’s father or ancestors; hometown, native town, country, or heaven as home); {from pater (father, ancestor, elder, senior; father in a literal or figurative sense)}. This is Antipatris, a city that may have been named after Antipater. It could also mean “anti-paternal” or “pertaining to opposition to the father.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Antipatris.html

^CCXXIV “next day” = epaurion. Related to “tomorrow” in v20. 17x in NT. From epi (on, upon, something fitting) + aurion (see note CLI above). This is tomorrow, the next day.
^CCXXV “let” = eao. 11x in NT. This is to allow, leave, put up with something.
^CCXXVI “go on” = aperchomai. Related to “went” in v14 & “gained entrance” in v16. From apo (from, away from) + erchomai (see note CVI above). This is to depart, follow, or go off in a literal or figurative sense.
^CCXXVII “returned” = hupostrepho. Related to “conspiracy” in v12. From hupo (by, under, about) + strepho (see note XCVII above). This is to turn back or behind in a literal or figurative sense.

^CCXXVIII “came” = eiserchomai. Same as “gained entrance” in v16. See note CXXIV above.
^CCXXIX “delivered” = anadidomi. 1x in NT. From ana (upwards, up, again, back, anew) + didomi (give, offer, place, bestow, deliver; give in a literal or figurative sense). This is to give up, yield, or hand over.
^CCXXX “presented” = paristemi. Same as “standing near” in v2. See note XV above.

^CCXXXI “reading” = anaginosko. Related to “noticed” in v6 & “make a…examination” in v15 & “know” in v28. From ana (upwards, up, again, back, anew) + ginosko (see note XXXV above). This is literally to know again – to recognize, read, or discern.
^CCXXXII “asked” = eperotao. Related to “speak” in v5 & “asked” in v18. From epi (on, upon, against, what is fitting) + erotao (see note CXL above). This is to question, interrogate, seek, or demand. The questioner is at an advantage – in a preferred position when they make their question.
^CCXXXIII “province” = eparchia. Related to “high priest” in v2 & “leader” in v5 & “tribune” in v10 & “centurions” in v17. 2x in NT – in Acts 23 + 25. From epi (on, upon, to, against, what is fitting) + archo (see note XII above). This is a prefecture or province.

^CCXXXIV “belonged” = eimi. Same as “was” in v5. See note XXIX above.
^CCXXXV “learned” = punthanomai. Same as “asked” in v19. See note CXLVIII above.
^CCXXXVI “Cilicia” = Kilikia. 8x in NT. This is Cilicia – origin uncertain.
^CCXXXVII “said” = phemi. Same as “said” in v5. See note XXVII above.
^CCXXXVIII “give…a hearing” = diakouo. Related to “heard” in v16. 1x in NT. From dia (through, because of, across, thoroughly) + akouo (see note CXXI above). This is to hear throughout. It is used of a hearing or listening to a prisoner’s plea.
^CCXXXIX “accusers” = kategoros. Same as “accusers” in v30. See note CCXVI above.
^CCXL “arrive” = paraginomai. Same as “went” in v16. See note CXXIII above.

^CCXLI “ordered” = keleuo. Same as “order” in v3. See note XXV above.
^CCXLII “kept under guard” = phulasso. This is to guard something so that it doesn’t escape – to watch over it vigilantly. This is being on guard in a literal or figurative sense.
^CCXLIII “Herod’s” = Herodes. Perhaps from heros (hero, warrior) + oide (song, ode, legend, tale); {from aoide (song, ode, legend, tale); {from aeido (to sing) + e (this is added to verbs to make them nouns)}} OR from hera (Hera) + oide (same as above). This is Herod, perhaps “hero’s song,” “Hera’s song,” or “heroic.” See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Herod
^CCXLIV “headquarters” = praitorion. 8x in NT. From Latin praetorium (headquarters, general’s tent, villa, place where the governor lives); from prator (leader, chief, president); from pareeo (to lead, go before). This is praetorium or preatorian guard. It is the place where the governor lives or the place where the praetorian guard of Rome lived. It could also mean courtroom. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/praetorium#Latin