Daniel 2:24-49

Daniel 2:24-49
Narrative Lectionary

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24 ThereforeI DanielII wentIII to Arioch,IV

Notes on verse 24a

I “therefore” = kol + qobel. Kol is Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew kol (all, every, everyone); from kalal (to complete). This is whole, all, every. Qobel is Aramaich corresponding to Hebrew qebol (standing opposite, a thing that is in the front, battering ram). This is in front of, in this instance, as, before.
II “Daniel” = Daniyel. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew Daniyyel (Daniel, “God is my judge”); {from din (to judge, defend, dispute, govern, quarrel, plead) + El (God, a god)}. This is Daniel, “God is my judge.”
III “went” = alal. 14x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew alal (insert, to affect, impose, practice, glean, defile). This is to enter or introduce.
IV “Arioch” = Aryok. 7x in OT. Perhaps from ari (lion); from arah (to gather, pluck). This is Arioch, which was a Babylonian as well as a king of Ellasar. It may mean “lion-like.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Arioch.html

whom the kingV had appointedVI to destroyVII

Notes on verse 24b

V “king” = melek. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew melek (king, royal); from malak (to be or become king or queen, to rise to the throne, to be crowned; by implication, to take counsel). This is king or royal.
VI “appointed” = mena. 5x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew manah (to weigh out, reckon, count, number, set, tell; by implication, it is allotting or providing something officially). This is to number, count up, appoint, set.
VII “destroy” = abad. 7x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew abad (to wander off, lose self; to perish, destroy, die, vanish, or be broken or corrupt). This is to perish or destroy.

the wise menVIII of Babylon,IX andX

Notes on verse 24c

VIII “wise men” = chakkim. 14x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to chakam (to be wise or teach wisdom; this is wisdom in thought, word, or action). This is a wise men.
IX “Babylon” = Babel. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew Babel (Babylon or Babel); perhaps from balal (to anoint, mix, overflow) OR from Akkadian Bbilim; perhaps from earlier Sumerian name Ca-dimirra (gate of god). This is Babel or Babylon. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylon.
X {untranslated} = azal + ken. Azal is 7x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew azal (to go away, evaporate, fail, or disappear). This is to go off, depart. Ken is 8x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew ken (to set upright; generally used figuratively to mean thus, so, afterwards, rightly so); perhaps from kun (properly, in a perpendicular position; literally, to establish, fix, fasten, prepare; figuratively, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous). This is thus or as follows.

saidXI to him, “Do not destroy the wise men of Babylon; bringXII me in beforeXIII the king, and I will giveXIV the king the interpretation.”XV

Notes on verse 24d

XI “said” = amar. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew amar (to say, answer, challenge). This is to say, declare, command, etc.
XII “bring” = alal. Same as “went” in v24. See note III above.
XIII “before” = qodam. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew qedem (front, formerly, before, east, eternal, everlasting, antiquity). This is before, toward, from.
XIV “give” = chava. 14x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew chavah (show, tell, live, declare). This is to show, tell, give, recount.
XV “interpretation” = peshar. Aramaic from peshar (to interpret); corresponding to Hebrew pathar (to open up, which is to say to interpret). This is interpretation.

25 Then Arioch quicklyXVI brought Daniel before the king andXVII said to him: “I have foundXVIII among the exilesXIX

Notes on verse 25a

XVI “quickly” = behal. 11x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew bahal (to be afraid, dismayed, amazed; deep trembling within; figuratively, being suddenly agitated; implies moving or acting quickly/anxiously). This is to alarm, terrify, hurry.
XVII {untranslated} = ken. Same as {untranslated} in v24. See note X above.
XVIII “found” = shekach. 18x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew shakach (to forget because of not remembering something or not paying attention to it; to mislay). This is to find or discover in a literal or figurative sense.
XIX “exiles” = ben + galuth. Literally, “children of captivity.” Ben is 11x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew ben (son literal or figurative; also, grandson, subject, nation); from banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, child, heir, young. Galuth is 4x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew galuth (an exile or captive; the state of captivity); from galah (to remove, bring, carry, lead, appear; to strip someone or something bare in a negative sense; captives were typically stripped before being sent into exile; figuratively, in a positive sense, to reveal, disclose, discover). This is exile or captivity.

from JudahXX a manXXI who can tellXXII the king the interpretation.” 

Notes on verse 25b

XX “Judah” = Yehud. 7x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew Yehudah (Judah, son of Jacob, his tribal descendants, a name for the southern kingdom. Literally, it means praised); probably from yadah (to throw one’s hands into the air in a gesture of praise). This is Yehud, which is to say Judah or Jews. The Babylonians used this as the name of the province formerly known as Judah.
XXI “man” = gebar. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew geber (man, warrior, a person generally, valiant person); from gabar (to be strong or mighty; to prevail or to be insolent). This is a man, a certain person, or people.
XXII “tell” = yeda. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew yada (to know, be aware, see and so understand – includes observation, care, recognition; can also be used as a euphemism). This is to know, certify, teach.

26 The king saidXXIII to Daniel, whose nameXXIV was Belteshazzar,XXV

Notes on verse 26a

XXIII “said” = anah. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew anah (to answer, respond, announce, sing, shout, or testify; to pay attention, which implies responding and, by extension, starting to talk; singing, shouting, testifying, etc.). This is to answer, speak, or reply.
XXIV “name” = shum. 12x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew shem (name, fame, renown; indicating something essential about a person; honor, authority, or character); {may be from sim or sum or suwm (to put, place, set)}. This is name.
XXV “Belteshazzar” = Beleteshatstsar. 8x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew Belteshatstsar (Belteshazzar; Babylonian name given to Daniel); from Akkadian Balat-sharri-utsur (“Protect the life of the king” or “may Bel protect his life”). This is Belteshazzar, Babylonian name given to Daniel – meaning uncertain. See https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/philosophy-and-religion/biblical-proper-names-biographies/belshazzar

“AreXXVI you ableXXVII to tell me the dreamXXVIII that I have seenXXIX and its interpretation?” 

Notes on verse 26b

XXVI “are” = ithay. 17x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew yesh (being, existence, substance). This is there is or there are.
XXVII “able” = kehal. 4x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew yakol (to be able, endure, overcome, prevail). This is to be able, can.
XXVIII “dream” = chelem. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew chalom (a dream, dreamer); From chalam (properly, to bind solidly and so to be plump; to be healthy or strong, to recover; figuratively, to dream). This is dream.
XXIX “seen” = chazah. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew chazah (to gaze at – to see or behold; perceiving as a mental process or looking at something with pleasure; seeing a vision). This is to see, have a dream.

27 Daniel answeredXXX XXXIthe king,XXXII “No wise men, enchanters,XXXIII

Notes on verse 27a

XXX “answered” = anah. Same as “said” in v26. See note XXIII above.
XXXI {untranslated} = qodam. Same as “before” in v24. See note XIII above.
XXXII {untranslated} = amar. Same as “said” in v24. See note XI above.
XXXIII “enchanters” = ashaph. 6x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew ashshaph (may be from a word referring to a lisp; it is a conjurer, someone who does magic). This is conjurer or astrologer.

magicians,XXXIV or divinersXXXV canXXXVI showXXXVII to the king

Notes on verse 27b

XXXIV “magicians” = chartom. 5x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew chartom (an engraver or magician; someone who knows how to do occult things; a diviner, someone who does horoscopes; in the Bible, magicians interpret dreams (in Genesis and Daniel) and are called on in Exodus to disprove or duplicate the miracles of God); from the same as cheret (any kind of tool used for engraving – a stylus, chisel, or pen). This is magician.
XXXV “diviners” = gezar. 6x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew gazar (to cut or cut down; figuratively, to divide, exclude, decree, or destroy). This is to cut out, cut, determine, divine, a soothsayer.
XXXVI “can” = yekel. Related to “able” in v26. 12x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to yakol (see note XXVII above). This is be able, can.
XXXVII “show” = chava. Same as “give” in v24. See note XIV above.

the mysteryXXXVIII that the king is asking,XXXIX 28 butXL there isXLI

Notes on verses 27c-28a

XXXVIII “mystery” = raz. 9x in OT. Aramaic – not related to Hebrew. It may come from a word the means to reduce, which has a figurative sense of hiding. This is secret or mystery.
XXXIX “asking” = sheel. 6x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew shaal (to ask, inquire, beg, borrow, desire, request; can also mean demand). This is to ask, demand, or require.
XL “but” = beram. 5x in OT. Aramaic whose origins are unclear. It may be from Aramaic rum (to rise, exalt); corresponding to Hebrew rum (to rise or raise, to be high literally or figuratively; to exalt or extol). This is literally highly, but figuratively it has a sense of certainty. This would be only, nevertheless, yet.
XLI “is” = ithay. Same as “are” in v26. See note XXVI above.

a GodXLII in heavenXLIII who revealsXLIV mysteries, and he has disclosedXLV

Notes on verse 28b

XLII “God” = Elah. Related to “Daniel” in v24. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew Eloah (God, a god); from El (see note II above). This is God or god.
XLIII “heaven” = shamayin. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew shamayim (root may mean being lofty; sky, the air, or heaven; might refer to the part of the sky where the clouds move on the one hand and the part beyond that where the sun, moon, and stars are on the other hand). This is heavens or sky.
XLIV “reveals” = gelah. Related to “exiles” in v25. 9x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew galah (see note XIX above). This is to carry away, deport, reveal.
XLV “disclosed” = yeda. Same as “tell” in v25. See note XXII above.

to King NebuchadnezzarXLVI what will happenXLVII at the endXLVIII of days.XLIX

Notes on verse 28c

XLVI “Nebuchadnezzar” = Nebukadnetstsar. From Akkadian Nabu-kudurri-utsur (Nebuchadnezzar; meaning “Nabu protect the king”). This is Nebuchadnezzar, a name meaning “Nebo, protect the boundary” or “Nabu, protect the king.” See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar
XLVII “happen” = hava. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew hayah (to be, become, happen). This is to be, become, happen, exist.
XLVIII “end” = acharith. 1x in OT. Aramaic from achar (after, future); Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew achar (after, the last part, following); from achar (to be behind, delay, be late, procrastinate, continue). This is end, latter, later.
XLIX “days” = yom. 16x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew yom (root may mean being hot; day in a literal or figurative sense; birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time). This is day or a non-specific length of time.

Your dream and the visionsL of your headLI as you lay in bedLII wereLIII these: 

Notes on verse 28d

L “visions” = chezu. Related to “seen” in v26.12x in OT. Aramaic from chazah (see note XXIX above). This is is vision, appearance, sight.
LI “head” = resh. 14x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew rosh (head, captain, or chief; excellent or the forefront; first in position or in statue or in time). This is head or chief.
LII “bed” = mishkab. 6x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew mishkab (a place where one lies down i.e. a bed, couch, or bedchamber; sleep or euphemistically sex); from shakab (to lie down, lodge; lying for sleep, sex, or other reasons). This is couch of bed.
LIII “were” = hi. 19x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew hu (third person pronoun – he, she, it). This is he, she, this, which.

29 To you, O king, as you lay in bed, cameLIV thoughtsLV of what would beLVI hereafter,LVII and the revealerLVIII of mysteries disclosed to you what is to be.LIX 

Notes on verse 29

LIV “came” = cliq. 5x in OT. From Aramaic. This is to ascend or come up.
LV “thoughts” = rayon. 6x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew rayon (longing, striving, vexation); {{from the same as rea (purpose, thought)} OR from ra’ah (to tend a flock, pasture, or graze; to rule or to associate with someone; figuratively, ruler or teacher)}. This is thought, mental conception.
LVI “be” = hava. Same as “happen” in v28. See note XLVII above.
LVII “hereafter” = achar. Related to “end” in v28. See note XLVIII above.
LVIII “revealer” = gelah. Same as “reveals” in v28. See note XLIV above.
LIX “be” = hava. Same as “happen” in v28. See note XLVII above.

30 But as for me, this mystery has not been revealed to me because of any wisdomLX that I haveLXI more than any otherLXII living being,LXIII

Notes on verse 30a

LX “wisdom” = chokmah. Related to “wise men” in v24. 8x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew chokmah (wisdom, wit, or skillfulness); form chakam (see note VIII above). This is wisdom.
LXI “have” = ithay. Same as “are” in v26. See note XXVI above.
LXII “any other” = kol. Same as “therefore” in v24. See note I above.
LXIII “living being” = chay. 7x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew chay (alive, living, lifetime; age; animals, plants, water, or a company or congregation of people – life in a very broad sense); from chayah (to live or keep alive literally or figuratively). This is living, life, alive.

butLXIV in orderLXV that the interpretation may be knownLXVI to the king

Notes on verse 30b

LXIV “but” = lawhen. 9x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew lahen (therefore, on account); from hen (lo! Behold! If, though; an expression of surprise). This is but, except, therefore, unless.
LXV “order” = dibrah. 2x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew dibrah (a reason, order, end, cause); from dabar (speech, a word, a matter, an affair, charge, command, message, promise, purpose, report, request; implies things that are spoken of in a wide sense); from dabar (to speak, declare, discuss, destroy, subdue). This is reason, purpose, sake.
LXVI “known” = yeda. Same as “tell” in v25. See note XXII above.

and that you may understandLXVII the thoughts of your mind.LXVIII

31 “You wereLXIX looking,LXX

Notes on verses 30c-31a

LXVII “understand” = yeda. Same as “tell” in v25. See note XXII above.
LXVIII “mind” = lebab. 7x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew lebab (the heart, courage, one’s inner self, the mind, the will; only used in a figurative sense in the Bible); may be related to labab (to encourage; properly, to be encased as with fat; used in a good sense, this means to transport someone with love; used in a bad sense, it can mean to dull one’s senses). This is heart or mind.
LXIX “were” = hava. Same as “happen” in v28. See note XLVII above.
LXX “looking” = chazah. Same as “seen” in v26. See note XXIX above.

O king, and thereLXXI appeared aLXXII greatLXXIII statue.LXXIV

Notes on verse 31b

LXXI “there” = alu. 5x in OT. Aramaic – may correspond to Hebrew el (these). This is lo or behold.
LXXII “a” = chad. 14x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew echad (number one, first, united; alone, altogether, a certain, a few); perhaps from achad (to unify, continue on a path; figuratively, to gather one’s thoughts). This is one, same, together.
LXXIII “great” = saggi. 13x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew saggi (great, exalted, mighty); from saga (to increase, grow, exalt). This is large in different senses – it could be many, large, great, or very.
LXXIV “statue” = tselem. 17x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew tselem (root may mean to shade; phantom, resemblance, illusion, image, idol). This is image, statue, form, idol.

That statue was huge,LXXV its brillianceLXXVI extraordinary;LXXVII

Notes on verse 31c

LXXV “huge” = rab. 15x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew rab (abundance, many, elder, exceedingly, great; abundance of amount, rank, or status); from rabab (increasing in any aspect whether quantity, authority, size, quality, greatness, etc.). This is great, magnificent, captain, master, stout.
LXXVI “brilliance” = ziv. 6x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew ziv (the second month, around April-May; brightness, freshness, thrive, proud, glory; may come from a word that means prominence or brightness). This is brilliance, splendor, face, cheerfulness.
LXXVII “extraordinary” = yattir. 8x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew yattir (Yattir, a city whose name means “redundant”); from yathar (to jut over, remain behind, preserve, to excel). This is extremely, surpassing, excellent.

it was standingLXXVIII beforeLXXIX you, and its appearanceLXXX was frightening.LXXXI 

Notes on verse 31d

LXXVIII “standing” = qum. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew qum (to arise, stand, accomplish, establish, abide; rising against, getting up after being sick or asleep, arising from one state to another, becoming powerful, or rising for action; standing in a figurative sense). This is to rise, establish, set up, stand.
LXXIX “before” = qobel. Same as “therefore” in v24. See note I above.
LXXX “appearance” = rev. 2x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew raah (to see, show, stare, think, view; to see in a literal or figurative sense). This is appearance, aspect, or form.
LXXXI “frightening” = dechal. 6x in OT. Aramaic – perhaps corresponding to Hebrew zachal (to be afraid, slink back, crawl like a worm). This is to fear, be dreadful, slink.

32 The head of that statue was of fineLXXXII gold,LXXXIII its chestLXXXIV and armsLXXXV

Notes on verse 32a

LXXXII “fine” = tab. 2x in OT. Aramaic from teeb (be good, glad); Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew tob (be pleasing, be good). This is good, fine.
LXXXIII “gold” = dehab. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew zahab (root may mean to shimmer; gold or something that has the color of gold like oil; a clear sky –good weather). This is gold or golden.
LXXXIV “chest” = chadi. Related to “seen” in v26 & “visions” in v28. 1x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to chazeh (chest of animals – visible from the front); from chazah (see note XXIX above). This is chest or breast.
LXXXV “arms” = dera. 1x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew zeroa (arm, shoulder, or foreleg of an animal; figuratively, power, force, might, or help); perhaps from zara (to sow, scatter seed, conceive). This is arm.

of silver,LXXXVI its midsectionLXXXVII and thighsLXXXVIII of bronze,LXXXIX 

Notes on verse 32b

LXXXVI “silver” = kesaph. 13x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew keseph (silver, money); from kasaph (to long for, be greedy; to become pale). This is silver or money.
LXXXVII “midsection” = meah. 1x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew meeh (inward parts, belly, heart, womb, intestines, vastness; figurative for sympathy). This is belly or bowels.
LXXXVIII “thighs” = yarkah. 1x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew yerekah (flank, side, recesses, border, quarter, extreme parts); from yarek (thigh, side, body, shank; can be figurative for genitalia). This is thigh or loin.
LXXXIX “bronze” = nechash. 9x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew nechushah (copper, bronze, brass – something made from this metal like a coin or fetter; something that is considered base in contrast to gold or silver); from nachush (to divine, interpret omens, learn from experience, observe; to hiss); from the same as nechosheth (copper, bronze, brass – something made from this metal – a coin or fetter; something considered base in contrast to gold or silver); perhaps related to nachash (to divine, interpret omens, learn from experience, observe; to hiss); from nachash (a serpent or snake). This is copper or bronze.

33 its legsXC of iron,XCI its feetXCII partly of iron and partly of clay.XCIII 

Notes on verse 33

XC “legs” = shaq. 1x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew shoq (leg, thigh); perhaps from shuq (to overflow, run after). This is the lower leg.
XCI “iron” = parzel. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew barzel (iron as something used as a cutting implement; an ax head); from the same as Birzoth (a name meaning holes; root may mean to pierce). This is iron.
XCII “feet” = regal. 7x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew regel (foot, endurance, or journey; a foot as the means of walking and so it implies a step or a greater journey; can euphemistically mean private parts); perhaps from ragal (to walk along, spy out, slander). This is foot.
XCIII “clay” = chasaph. 9x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew chaspas (may come from a word meaning to peel; a shred, scale, something that flakes). This is clay, potsherd, or pottery.

34 XCIVAs you looked on, a stoneXCV was cut out,XCVI not by human hands,XCVII and it struckXCVIII the statue on its feet of iron and clay and broke them in pieces.XCIX 

Notes on verse 34

XCIV {untranslated} = hava. Same as “happen” in v28. See note XLVII above.
XCV “stone” = eben. Related to {untranslated} in v25. 8x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to eben (stone, weight, mason); perhaps from banah (see note XIX above). This is a stone.
XCVI “cut out” = gezar. Same as “diviners” in v27. See note XXXV above.
XCVII “hands” = yad. 17x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to yad (hand, ability, power; hand in a literal sense; what one can do or the means by which one does it). This is hand, attempt, power.
XCVIII “struck” = mecha. 4x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to macha (to strike, clap, rub hands). This is to strike, impale, slay, arrest.
XCIX “broke…in pieces” = deqaq. 10x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew daqaq (to crush, crumble, make dust, be very small). This is to shatter or crush.

35 Then the iron, the clay, the bronze, the silver, and the gold were allC broken in pieces and becameCI like the chaffCII of the summerCIII threshing floors,CIV

Notes on verse 35a

C “all” = chad. Same as “a” in v31. See note LXXII above.
CI “became” = hava. Same as “happen” in v28. See note XLVII above.
CII “chaff” = ur. 1x in OT. Aramaic – uncertain origin. This is chaff.
CIII “summer” = qayit. 1x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to qayits (fruit, harvest, or summer – the dry season); form the same as qits (spend summer). This is summer or harvest.
CIV “threshing floors” = iddar. 1x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew adar (wide, glorious, honorable, great, magnificent).  This is ample, which is to say threshing floor.

and the windCV carried them away,CVI so that notCVII a traceCVIII of them could be found.

Notes on verse 35b

CV “wind” = ruach. 11x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to ruach (breath, wind, air, cool, spirit; wind, which resembles the breath and so figuratively life itself or being frail/mortal/impermanent; the air of the sky or the spirit); from ruach (smell, breathe, perceive, anticipate, accept, enjoy). This is wind, spirit, or mind.
CVI “carried…away” = nesa. 3x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew nasa (to lift in a broad sense, literally and figuratively; to carry, take, or arise; to bring forth, advance, accept). This is to lift, take, rise.
CVII {untranslated} = kol. Same as “therefore” in v24. See note I above.
CVIII “trace” = athar. 8x in OT. Aramaic – perhaps corresponding to Hebrew athariym (a place – Atharim, meaning “spies;” may come from a work meaning to step). This is site, after, trace.

But the stone that struck the statue became a greatCIX mountainCX and filledCXI the wholeCXII earth.CXIII

Notes on verse 35c

CIX “great” = rab. Same as “huge” in v31. See note LXXV above.
CX “mountain” = tur. 2x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew tsur (rock, stone, cliff, boulder, rocky; a refuge, God); from tsur (to confine, cramp, or bind in a literal or figurative sense; to besiege, assault, or distress). This is mountain, rock, hill.
CXI “filled” = mela. 2x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew male (fill, satisfy, replenish, accomplish, fulfill, confirm, or consecrate; fill in a literal or figurative sense). This is to fill or to be full.
CXII “whole” = kol. Same as “therefore” in v24. See note I above.
CXIII “earth” = ara. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew erets (root may mean to be firm; earth, ground, field, land, country). This is earth, ground, low, interior.

36 “That was the dream; now we will tellCXIV, CXV the king its interpretation. 37 You, O king, the king of kings—to whom the God of heaven has givenCXVI the kingdom,CXVII

Notes on verses 36-37a

CXIV “tell” = amar. Same as “said” in v24. See note XI above.
CXV {untranslated} = qodam. Same as “before” in v24. See note XIII above.
CXVI “given” = yehab. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew yahab (give, put, bring, take; to give in a literal or figurative sense). This is to give, yield, prolong.
CXVII “kingdom” = malku. Related to “king” in v24. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew malkut (royalty, kingdom, realm, empire – the power the sovereign has); from the same as melek (see note V above). This is kingdom, royalty, or dominion.

the power,CXVIII the might,CXIX and the glory,CXX 

Notes on verse 37b

CXVIII “power” = chesen. 2x in OT. Aramaic from chasan (to possess or occupy); corresponding to Hebrew chasan (to treasure up, be compact, hoard). This is royal power or strength.
CXIX “might” = tqoph. 2x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew toqeph (power, energy, authority); from taqeph (to prevail, overpower). This is might, strength, power.
CXX “glory” = yeqar. 7x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew yeqar (value, honor, costliness, price); from yaqar (to be precious, costly, rare, valued; properly, to be heavy; figuratively, valuable or inhibit). This is honor or glory.

38 into whose hand he has givenCXXI human beingsCXXII whereverCXXIII they live,CXXIV

Notes on verse 38a

CXXI “given” = yehab. Same as “given” in v37. See note CXVI above.
CXXII “human beings” = ben + enash. Literally, “children of humanity.” Ben is the same as “exiles” in v25. See note XIX above. Enash is Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is man, humankind, whoever.
CXXIII “wherever” = kol. Same as “therefore” in v24. See note I above.
CXXIV “live” = dur. 7x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew dur (to move in a circle, which implies living somewhere or remaining there; it can also be the sense of piling or heaping up). This is to dwell or people who reside somewhere.

the wild animalsCXXV of the field,CXXVI and the birdsCXXVII of the airCXXVIII

Notes on verse 38b

CXXV “wild animals” = cheva. Related to “living being” in v30. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew chayyah (living thing, wild animal, creature); from chayah (see note LXIII above). This is beast or animal.
CXXVI “field” = bar. 8x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew bar (something that is winnowed; any kind of grain, field or harvested; corn, wheat, or other grains; a field or the open country); from barar (to select, polish, cleanse, brighten, purify). This is an open field.
CXXVII “birds” = oph. 2x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew oph (a flying creature); from uph (to fly, flee, shine, be weary, be faint). This is fowl or bird.
CXXVIII “air” = shamayin. Same as “heaven” in v28. See note XLIII above.

and whom he has established as rulerCXXIX over them allCXXX—you are the head of gold. 39 AfterCXXXI you shall ariseCXXXII anotherCXXXIII kingdom

Notes on verses 38c-39a

CXXIX “established as ruler” = shelet. 7x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew shalat (to rule, dominate, govern; to bear or permit). This is to rule, have power, rank, overpower.
CXXX “all” = kol. Same as “therefore” in v24. See note I above.
CXXXI “after” = athar. Same as “trace” in v35. See note CVIII above.
CXXXII “arise” = qum. Same as “standing” in v31. See note LXXVIII above.
CXXXIII “another” = ochori. Related to “end” in v28 & “hereafter” in v29. 6x in OT. Aramaic from ochoran (another, other); Aramaic from achar (see note XLVIII above). This is another, other.

inferiorCXXXIV to yours and yetCXXXV a thirdCXXXVI kingdom of bronze, which shall ruleCXXXVII over the whole earth. 

Notes on verse 39b

CXXXIV “inferior” = ara. Same as “earth” in v35. See note CXIII above.
CXXXV “yet” = ochori. Same as “another” in v39. See note CXXXIII above.
CXXXVI “third” = telithay. 2x in OT. Aramaic from telath (three, third); Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew shalosh (three, third). This is third.
CXXXVII “rule” = shelet. Same as “established as ruler” in v38. See note CXXIX above.

40 And there shall beCXXXVIII a fourthCXXXIX kingdom, strongCXL as iron;

Notes on verse 40a

CXXXVIII “be” = hava. Same as “happen” in v28. See note XLVII above.
CXXXIX “fourth” = rebii. 6x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew rebii (fourth, square-shaped); from the same as arba (four); perhaps from raba (to make something square). This is fourth.
CXL “strong” = taqqiph. Related to “might” in v37. 5x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew taqqiph (mighty, powerful); from taqeph (see note CXIX above). This is strong, mighty.

justCXLI, CXLII as iron crushesCXLIII and smashesCXLIV everything,CXLV it shallCXLVI crush

Notes on verse 40b

CXLI “just” = kol. Same as “therefore” in v24. See note I above.
CXLII {untranslated} = qobel. Same as “therefore” in v24. See note I above.
CXLIII “crushes” = deqaq. Same as “broke…in pieces” in v34. See note XCIX above.
CXLIV “smashes” = chashal. 1x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew chashal (unsteady, weak, to shatter). This is to shatter, weaken, crush.
CXLV “everything” = kol. Same as “therefore” in v24. See note I above.
CXLVI {untranslated} = rea. 2x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew raa (to break, destroy, ruin). This is to crush, shatter, bruise.

and shatterCXLVII allCXLVIII these. 41 As you saw the feet and toesCXLIX partly of potter’sCL clay and partly of iron, it shall beCLI a dividedCLII kingdom,

Notes on verses 40c-41a

CXLVII “shatter” = rea. Same as {untranslated} in v34. See note CXLVI above.
CXLVIII “all” = kol. Same as “therefore” in v24. See note I above.
CXLIX “toes” = etsba. 3x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew etsba (finger or toe – something used to seize); perhaps from the same as tseba (dye, something dipped). This is a finger or toe.
CL “potter’s” = pechar. 1x in OT. Aramaic – derivation not known; may come from the idea of fashioning something. This is a potter.
CLI “be” = hava. Same as “happen” in v28. See note XLVII above.
CLII “divided” = pelag. 1x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew palag (to split, divide – whether literal or figurative). This is to divide.

but some of the strengthCLIII of iron shall beCLIV in it, asCLV you saw the iron mixedCLVI with the clay.CLVII 

Notes on verse 41b

CLIII “strength” = nitsbah. 1x in OT. Aramaic from Hebrew corresponding to natsab (to station, appoint, establish, take a stand). This is firmness, strength, fixedness.
CLIV “be” = hava. Same as “happen” in v28. See note XLVII above.
CLV {untranslated} = kol + qobel. Kol is the same as “therefore” in v24. See note I above. Qobel is the same as “therefore” in v24. See note I above.
CLVI “mixed” = arab. 4x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew ereb (mixture, mixed group of people, Arabia. It can also refer to the woof (as in warp and woof of fabric)); from arab (to exchange, give or take on pledge, braid, intermix). This is to mix, combine, commingle.
CLVII {untranslated} = tin. 2x in OT. Aramaic perhaps corresponding to Hebrew tit (mud, clay, or mire; figuratively, can refer to calamity); perhaps from tu (to sweep away). This is clay, common (as in common clay), or miry.

42 As the toes of the feet were part iron and part clay, so the kingdom shall beCLVIII partlyCLIX strongCLX and partlyCLXI brittle.CLXII 

Notes on verse 42

CLVIII “be” = hava. Same as “happen” in v28. See note XLVII above.
CLIX “partly” = qetsath. 5x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew qetsath (end, part, portion, after); from qatsah (to cut off, cut short; figuratively, to destroy). This is end, edge, partly, over.
CLX “strong” = taqqiph. Same as “strong” in v40. See note CXL above.
CLXI {untranslated} = hava. Same as “happen” in v28. See note XLVII above.
CLXII “brittle” = tebar. 1x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew shabar (break, collapse, destroy, break in pieces, tear; bursting in a literal or figurative sense). This is to be brittle or fragile. It can also refer to something that breaks.

43 As you saw the iron mixed with clay,CLXIII so willCLXIV they mix with one another in marriage,CLXV 

Notes on verse 43a

CLXIII {untranslated} = tin. Same as {untranslated} in v41. See note CLVII above.
CLXIV “will” = hava. Same as “happen” in v28. See note XLVII above.
CLXV “marriage” = zera + enash. Literally, “seed of the men.” Zera is related to “arms” in v32. 1x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew zera (seed or sowing; thus a fruit, plant, sowing time, child, offspring, or posterity); from zara (to sow or scatter seed; conceive or yield). This is seed or posterity. Enash is the same as “human beings” in v38. See note CXXII above.

but they willCLXVI not holdCLXVII together, just asCLXVIII iron does not mix with clay. 44 And in the days of those kings the God of heaven will set upCLXIX a kingdom

Notes on verses 43b-44a

CLXVI “will” = hava. Same as “happen” in v28. See note XLVII above.
CLXVII “hold” = debeq. 1x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew dabaq (to follow closely or abide fast, to cling or be joined together; figuratively, to catch something by chasing after it, to overtake, or to stick). This is to hold, cling, or stick to.
CLXVIII {untranslated} = ha. Related to “but” in v30. 2x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew hen (see note LXIV above). This is behold! or look.
CLXIX “set up” = qum. Same as “standing” in v31. See note LXXVIII above.

that shall neverCLXX be destroyed,CLXXI nor shall this kingdom be leftCLXXII to anotherCLXXIII people.CLXXIV

Notes on verse 44b

CLXX “never” = alam + la. Alam is Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew olam (a long scope of time whether in the past (antiquity, ancient time) or in the future (eternal, everlasting)). This is old or everlasting. It is a point of time in the distant past or indefinite future.
CLXXI “destroyed” = chabal. 6x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew chabal (to break, destroy, ruin). This is to destroy or harm.
CLXXII “left” = shebaq. 5x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to the same root as Hebrew Shobeq (Shobeq; a name whose root is to leave or forsake). This is to leave, quit, remain. It can also mean alone.
CLXXIII “another” = ochoran. Related to “end” in v28 & “hereafter” in v29 & “another” in v39. 5x in OT. See note CXXXIII above.
CLXXIV “people” = am. 15x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew am (people or nation; a tribe, troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals); from amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together). This is people.

It shall crush allCLXXV these kingdoms and bring them to an end,CLXXVI and it shall stand forever,CLXXVII 45 just asCLXXVIII you saw that a stone was cut from the mountain not by hands and that it crushed the iron, the bronze, the clay, the silver, and the gold. The greatCLXXIX God has informedCLXXX the king

Notes on verses 44c-45a

CLXXV “all” = kol. Same as “therefore” in v24. See note I above.
CLXXVI “bring…to an end” = suph. 2x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew suph (to cease, snatch away, consume, sweep away, remove). This is to be fulfilled, bring to an end.
CLXXVII “forever” = alam. Same as “never” in v44. See note CLXX above.
CLXXVIII {untranslated} = kol + qobel. Kol is the same as “therefore” in v24. See note I above. Qobel is the same as “therefore” in v24. See note I above.
CLXXIX “great” = rab. Same as “huge” in v31. See note LXXV above.
CLXXX “informed” = yeda. Same as “tell” in v25. See note XXII above.

what shall beCLXXXI hereafter. The dream is certainCLXXXII and its interpretation trustworthy.”CLXXXIII

Notes on verse 45b

CLXXXI “be” = hava. Same as “happen” in v28. See note XLVII above.
CLXXXII “certain” = yatstsiyb. 5x in OT. Aramaic from Hebrew yetsab (to make sure, be firm, speak with certainty); corresponding to Hebrew yatsab (to set oneself, take a stand, remain, continue, to station or set something in place). This is certainty, certain, true, stand fast, truth.
CLXXXIII “trustworthy” = aman. 3x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew aman (to believe, endure, fulfill, confirm, support, be faithful, put one’s trust in, be steadfast; figuratively, to be firm, steadfast, or faithful, trusting, believing, being permanent, morally solid). This is to trust, be faithful, believe.

46 Then King Nebuchadnezzar fellCLXXXIV on his face,CLXXXV worshipedCLXXXVI Daniel,

Notes on verse 46a

CLXXXIV “fell” = nephal. 11x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew naphal (to fall, literal or figurative; death, calamity, wasting away). This is to fall, come down from, be responsible for, or happen.
CLXXXV “face” = anaph. 2x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew aph (properly refers to the nose or nostril and by extension the face; can specifically refer to anger or wrath as one breathes hard and nostrils flare in times of great anger); from anaph (to be angry; properly, breathing hard as a signifier of being enraged). This is face or facial.
CLXXXVI “worshiped” = segid. 12x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew sagad (to fall down or bow in worship). This is to worship by bringing one’s face to the ground.

and commandedCLXXXVII that a grain offeringCLXXXVIII and incenseCLXXXIX be offeredCXC to him. 

Notes on verse 46b

CLXXXVII “commanded” = amar. Same as “said” in v24. See note XI above.
CLXXXVIII “offering” = minchah. 2x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew minchah (a gift or an offering, particularly a sacrificial one that is generally bloodless and given spontaneously (voluntarily). This is gift, offering, or oblation.
CLXXXIX “incense” = nichoach. 2x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew nichoach (soothing, restful, sweet, pleasant); from nuach (to rest, calm, camp, free, place, remain, satisfy, settle, station, or wait; implies settling down in a literal or figurative sense). This is sweet odor, pleasure, sacrifices that are acceptable, soothing.
CXC “offered” = nesak. 1x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew nasak (to pour out or melt; used especially for libations or for the process of making cast metal; can also be used figuratively for anointing a king). This is to pour out, offer.

47 The king saidCXCI to Daniel,CXCII “Truly,CXCIII your God is God of gods and LordCXCIV of kings and a revealer of mysteries, for you have been ableCXCV to reveal this mystery!” 

Notes on verse 47

CXCI “said” = anah. Same as “said” in v26. See note XXIII above.
CXCII {untranslated} = amar. Same as “said” in v24. See note XI above.
CXCIII “truly” = qeshot. 2x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew qosht (truth, certainty). This is truth, surely, or fidelity.
CXCIV “Lord” = mare. 4x in OT. Aramaic that shares a root that corresponds to Hebrew mara (to rebel, flap wings, whip, be filthy, lift). This is lord or master – one that dominates.
CXCV “able” = yekel. Same as “can” in v27. See note XXXVI above.

48 Then the king promotedCXCVI Daniel, gaveCXCVII him manyCXCVIII greatCXCIX gifts,CC

Notes on verse 48a

CXCVI “promoted” = rebah. 6x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew rabah (increasing in any aspect whether quantity, authority, size, quality, greatness, etc.). This is to grow, increase, promote.
CXCVII “gave” = yehab. Same as “given” in v37. See note CXVI above.
CXCVIII “many” = saggi. Same as “great” in v31. See note LXXIII above.
CXCIX “great” = rabrab. Related to “huge” in v31. 8x in OT. Aramaic from the same as rab (great, magnificent, captain, master, stout); from Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew rab (see note LXXV above). This is huge, great, domineering, arrogant.
CC “gifts” = mattena. 3x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew mattanah (gift, offering of sacrifice, present, bribe); from mattan (gift, reward, to give); from natan (to give, put, set, offer; to give literally or figuratively). This is gift.

and made him rulerCCI over the whole provinceCCII of Babylon and chiefCCIII prefectCCIV over all the wise men of Babylon. 

Notes on verse 48b

CCI “made…ruler” = shelet. Same as “established as ruler” in v38. See note CXXIX above.
CCII “province” = medinah. Related to “Daniel” in v24. 11x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew medinah (an area or province overseen by a judge; a jurisdiction, region, or province); form din (see note II above). This is district or province – as divided for judicial purposes.
CCIII “chief” = rab. Same as “huge” in v31. See note LXXV above.
CCIV “prefect” = segan. 5x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew sagan (a prefect or official); borrowed from Assyrian shaknu (a prefect of a city or province, official). This is prefect or governor.

49 Daniel made a requestCCV of the king, and he appointed Shadrach,CCVI Meshach,CCVII

Notes on verse 49a

CCV “made a request” = bea. 12x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew baah (to inquire, search, boil, or swell out; figuratively, to sincerely desire). This is to request, ask, seek, pray.
CCVI “Shadrach” = Shadrach. 14x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew Shadrach (Shadrach); likely an Akkadian name, perhaps from Shudur (command) + Aku (Aku, moon god). This is Shadrach, the Babylonian name for Hananiah. It may mean “command of Aku.” See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadrach,_Meshach,_and_Abednego
CCVII “Meshach” = Meshach. 14x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew Meshach (Meshach); likely an Akkadian name, perhaps from Mi + sha + aku (Meshach). This is Meshach, the Babylonian name given to Mishael. It may mean “who is what Aku is?” See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadrach,_Meshach,_and_Abednego

and AbednegoCCVIII over the affairsCCIX of the province of Babylon. But Daniel remained at the king’s court.CCX

Notes on verse 49b

CCVIII “Abednego” = Abed-nego. 14x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew Abednego (Abednego); likely an Akkadian name, {perhaps from abed + Nebo (servant or worker of Nebo). This is Abednego, the Babylonian name given to Azariah. It may mean “servant of Nebo.” See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadrach,_Meshach,_and_Abednego  
CCIX “affairs” = abidah. 6x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew abodah (labor, service, bondage, job, servitude, worker; any kind of work); from abad (to work, serve, compel; any kind of work; used causatively, can mean to enslave or keep in bondage). This is work, labor, or administration.
CCX “court” = tera. 2x in OT. Aramaic corresponding to Hebrew shaar (a gate, door, or other opening like a port); perhaps related to sha’ar (to calculate or reckon; may come from a root that means to open up or split). This is gate, door, court. It can also refer to a palace.


Image credit: “Nebuchadnezzar’s Dream” by Revelation TV.

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