Joshua 13

^I “Joshua” = Yehoshua. From YHVH (proper name of the God of Israel; the self-existent and eternal one); {from havah (to become) or from hayah (to come to pass, become, be)} + yasha (to deliver, defend, help, preserve, rescue; properly, to be open, wide or free, which implies being safe. So, in a causative sense, this is to free someone). This is Joshua, Jeshua, or Yehoshua, which means “the Lord is salvation.”
^II “was old” = zaqen. From the same as zaqan (beard or chin – the beard represents old age). This is to be old or grow old.
^III “advanced” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^IV “years” = yom. Root may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.

^V “Lord” = YHVH. Related to “Joshua” in v1. See note I above.
^VI “said” = amar. This is to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report.
^VII “very” = meod. Perhaps from the same as uwd (firebrand, a poker). This is very, greatly, exceedingly. It can also mean vehemence, force, abundance.
^VIII “much” = rabah. This is increasing in any aspect whether quantity, authority, size, quality, greatness, etc.
^IX “land” = erets. Root may mean to be firm. This is earth, ground, field land, or country.
^X “remains” = shaar. Properly, this is swelling up i.e. being left over, a remnant, remaining, being redundant.
^XI “possessed” = yarash. This is inheriting or dispossessing. It refers to occupying or colonizing – taking territory by driving out the previous inhabitants and living there instead of them. By implication, it can mean to seize or rob, to expel, ruin, or impoverish.

^XII “all” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.
^XIII “regions” = gelilah. 5x in OT. From galil (circle, district, or ring); from galal (to roll in a literal or figurative sense, roll away, roll down, wallow, remove, trust). This is a region, district, border, or coast.
^XIV “Philistines” = Pelishti. From Pelesheth (Philistia); from palash (to mourn, wallow, maybe roll in). This is Philistines. Their name may mean “griever” or “burrower” or “weakener.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Philistine.html.
^XV “Geshurites” = Geshuri. 6x in OT. From Geshur (Geshur or Geshurite; “bridge”). This is Geshurite, a person from Geshur.

^XVI “Shihor” = Shichor. 4x in OT. Perhaps from shachar (to be dark or turn black) OR from shachar (dawn, early light, or morning). This is Shihor, which can also refer to the Nile. It may mean “deep dark” or “black” or “turbid” or “prelude to solar eclipse.” https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Shihor.html
^XVII “near” = paneh. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.
^XVIII “Egypt” = Mitsrayim. Perhaps from matsor (besieged or fortified place, bulwark, entrenchment; something hemmed in; a siege or distress or fastness); from tsur (to confine, besiege, to cramp). This is Egypt.

^XIX “northward” = tsaphon. From tsaphan (to hide, hoard, reserve; to cover over or figuratively to deny; also to lurk). This is properly hidden, dark, or gloomy. It can also be used to refer to the north.
^XX “boundary” = gebul. Perhaps from gabal (to border, twist like rope). This is boundary, limit, coast, space. Properly, it is a line that is twisted, which implies a boundary and, by extension, the boundaries of a territory or other enclosed space.
^XXI “Ekron” = Eqron. From the same as eqer (stock, member, offshoot; figuratively, could be a descendant or someone who is transplanted like an immigrant who takes up permanent residence); from aqar (to uproot, pluck out, dig out by the roots, to hamstring; figuratively, to exterminate). This is Ekron, a city whose name may mean “extermination” or “uprooting” or “emigration.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ekron.html

^XXII “reckoned” = chashab. This is properly to braid or interpenetrate. Literally it is to create or to wear. Figuratively, it can mean plotting – generally in a negative sense. More broadly, this can also mean think, consider, or make account of.
^XXIII “Canaanite” = Knaaniy. From Kanaan (Canaan, his descendants, and the land where they settled; perhaps meaning lowlands, describing their land or subjugated in reference to being conquered by Egypt); from kana (to be humble, subdue; properly, bend the knee). This is Canaanite, which in some instances would imply a peddler or sometimes used in place of Ishmaelite. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaan
^XXIV “five” = chamesh. This is five or fifth.
^XXV “rulers” = seren. May be taken from the Philistine language. Literally, this is an axle. Figuratively, it is a lord. In some places, they are numbered as five lords – one for each of the Philistinian cities.

^XXVI “of Gaza” = Azzathi. 2x in OT – 1x in Joshua & 1x in Judges. From Azzah (Gaza or Azzah – a Philistine city meaning “strong”); from az (strong or mighty; power, vehemence, greedy); from azaz (to be strong, become fixed, be bold, prevail, be impudent; it means to be stout literally or figuratively). This is Gazite – one who lives in Gaza.
^XXVII “Ashdod” = Ashdodi. 5x in OT. From Ashdod (Ashdod, a city whose name may mean “ravager”); from shadad (to ruin, assault, devastate, oppress, destroy completely; properly, it is being burly; figuratively it is something that is powerful). This is Ashdodite.
^XXVIII “Ashkelon” = Eshqeloni. 1x in OT. From Ashqelon (Ashkelon, a city whose name means “a weighing place,” “mart”); perhaps related to shaqal (to weigh, spend, trade). This is someone from Ashkelon. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashkelon

^XXIX “Gath” = Gitti. 10x in OT. From Gath (Gath, a Philistine city whose name means “wine press”); from the same as gath (wine press); probably from nagan (to strike a stringed instrument, to pluck or play it). This is Gittite or someone from Gath.
^XXX “Ekron” = Eqroni. Related to “Ekron” in v3. 2x in OT – 1x in Joshua & 1x in 1 Samuel. From Eqron (see note XXI above). This is Ekronite – someone from Ekron. See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ekron.html
^XXXI “Avvim” = Avvi. 3x in OT. From Ivvah (Ivvah, Avva; a city); from the same as avon (sin, mischief, guilt, fault, punishment for iniquity, or moral evil) or from avvah (ruin, overturn); {from avah (to bend, make crooked, trouble)}. This is Avim, Avvim, or Avvite, which is someone from Avva. It may mean “ruiners,” “ruin-dwellers,” “inhabitants of desert places,” or “those who inhabit desert places.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Avvim.html

^XXXII “south” = teman. From the same as yamin (right hand or side; that which is stronger or more agile; the south); {perhaps yamam (to go or choose the right, use the right hand; to be physically fit or firm)}. This is south, towards the south, wind from the south.
^XXXIII “Mearah” = Mearah. 1x in OT. From the same as mearah (cave, cavern, den, hole); from ur (to be made naked, exposed, bare). This is Mearah, a region whose name means “cave.”
^XXXIV “Sidonians” = Tsidoni. 16x in OT. From Tsidon (Sidon – a city in Phoenicia); from Phoenician tsydon (Sidon; probably meaning fishery or fishing town). This is Sidonian or Zidonian. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sidon & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidon
^XXXV “Aphek” = Apheq. 9x in OT. From aphaq (to be strong, force, control, hold). This is Apheq, Aphek, or Aphik. It is a place, perhaps meaning “fortress.”
^XXXVI “Amorites” = Emori. Related to “said” in v1. From amar (see note VI above). This is Amorite or Emori, perhaps meaning talkers.

^XXXVII “Gebalites” = Gibli. Related to “boundary” in v3. 2x in OT – 1x in Joshua & 1x in 1 Kings. From Gebal (Gebal, a place whose name means “stone-square”); from the same as gebul (see note XX above). This is Gebalite – someone who lives in Gebal
^XXXVIII “Lebanon” = Lebanon. From laben (to be white, make white, make bricks) OR form Aramaic lebab (heart); corresponding to Hebrew lebab (heart, courage, one’s inner self, the mind, or the will). This is Lebanon. The sense of “white” comes from the snow on the top of its mountains. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon
^XXXIX “east” = mizrach + shemesh. Literally, “rising of the sun.” Mizrach is from zarach (to rise, shine, or dawn; can also describe symptoms of leprosy). This is the east as the place where the sun rises. It can also refer to the sunrise itself. Shemesh is sun or toward the east. Its root may mean being brilliant. Figuratively, this could be a ray or an arch.
^XL “Baal-gad” = Baal Gad. 3x in OT – all in Joshua. From Baal (Baal, used for several Canaanite gods; literally, “lord”); {from the same as baal (owner, master, husband); from baal (to marry, have dominion over, to master)}} + gad (Gad, “fortune” or “fortunate”); {perhaps from gad (fortune, troop; Gad, the name of a god of Babylon); from gad (fortunate, a troop); from gud (to invade, overcome, attack)}. This is Baal-gad, which may mean “Baal of fortune” or “lord of good fortune” or “lord of the invasion.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Baal-gad.html

^XLI “below” = tachat. This is underneath, below, the bottom, instead of.
^XLII “Mount” = har. From harar (hill or mountain). This is mountain, hill, hilly region.
^XLIII “Hermon” = Chermon. 13x in OT. From charam (to ban, destroy, devote, seclude; to dedicate to a religious purpose, often for destruction). This is Hermon, meaning “sacred mountain” or “abrupt.” It is in southern Syria and northern Israel.
^XLIV “Lebo-hamath” = bo + chamath. Bo is the same as “advanced” in v1. See note III above. Chamath is from the same as chemeth (waterskin, bottle); from the same as chomah (a wall for protection); from the same as cham (father-in-law – one’s husband’s father; perhaps from a root meaning to join). This is Hamath or Chamath, a place whose name means “walled” or “fortification” or “fortress” or “defense” or “citadel” or “waterskin.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Hamath.html

^XLV “inhabitants” = yashab. This is to sit and so to remain and so to dwell. It is sitting for any reason – as a judge, in order to ambush, or just sitting quietly. Causatively, this can mean settling or marrying. This can also mean continue, endure, or establish.
^XLVI “hill country” = har. Same as “Mount” in v5. See note XLII above.
^XLVII “Misrephoth-maim” = Mishrephoth Mayim. From misraphah (burning, combustion, cremation, calcination); {from saraph (to burn or kindle; the root that “seraphim” comes from)} + mayim (water, waters, or waterway in a general sense; figuratively, juice, urine, or semen). This is Misrephoth-maim, a place that means “burning of water.”

^XLVIII “drive…out” = yarash. Same as “possessed” in v1. See note XI above.
^XLIX “before” = paneh. Same as “near” in v3. See note XVII above.
^L “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Literally, “children of Israel.” Ben is from banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense. Yisrael is from sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (God or god). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.

^LI “only” = raq. From the same as raq (thin, surely, only); perhaps from raqaq (to spit). This is but, except, at least. In the sense of being thin, it figuratively refers to some kind of limit.
^LII “allot” = naphal. This is to fall, whether by accident, to fall prostrate, or to fall in violent death. Figuratively, it can refer to personal ruin or calamity, a city falling, an attack or a falling away. It can also be a deep sleep or wasting away.
^LIII “Israel” = Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v6. See note L above.
^LIV “inheritance” = nachalah. Related to nachal (to inherit, occupy, distribute, take as heritage). This is properly something that was inherited. It can mean occupancy generally or, more particularly, an heirloom or an estate. This can be an inheritance, gift, possession, or portion.
^LV “commanded” = tsavah. This is to charge, command, order, appoint, or enjoin. This is the root that the Hebrew word for “commandment” comes from (mitsvah).

^LVI “divide” = chalaq. This is to be smooth in a figurative sense. So, it can refer to the stones that were part of casting lots – hence, apportion, share, distribute. Figuratively, it can also mean to flatter.
^LVII “nine” = tesha. Perhaps from sha’ah (to gaze at, gaze around, regard – to look to, especially for help; to consider or be compassionate; to look at in amazement or while confounded). This is nine, perhaps as looking to the next number associated with fullness (10).
^LVIII “tribes” = shebet. This is a rod, staff, club, scepter, dart, or tribe. Literally a stick that can be used for punishing, writing, fighting, walking, ruling; thus, used figuratively for a clan.
^LIX “half” = chatsi. From chatsah (to halve, divide, reach, participate). This is half, middle, midnight, midst.
^LX “Manasseh” = Menashsheh. From nashah (to forget, neglect, remove, deprive). This is Manasseh, literally “causing to forget.” It is Manasseh, his tribe, or the lands of the tribe.

^LXI “Reubenites” = Reubeni. Related to “Israelites” in v6. 18x in OT. From Reuben (Reuben, meaning “behold a son”); {from raah (to see, show, stare, think, view; to see in a literal or figurative sense) + ben (see note L above)}. This is a Reubenite, someone who is descended from Reuben.
^LXII “Gadites” = Gadi. Related to “Baal-gad” in v5. 15x in OT. From Gad (see note XL above). This is Gadite, someone who comes from the tribe of Gad.
^LXIII “received” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^LXIV “Moses” = Mosheh. From mashah (to pull out in a literal or figurative sense, to draw out) OR from Egyptian mes or mesu (child, son i.e. child of…). This is Moses – the one drawn out from the water, which is to say, rescued. If derived from the Egyptian, his name would share a root with Rameses and Thutmose.
^LXV “gave” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.

^LXVI “beyond” = eber. From abar (to pass over, pass through, or pass by; cross over or to alienate; used for transitions). This is the place across or beyond, by, from, other, the opposite side, against, over. It often refers to the other side of the Jordan river or toward the east.
^LXVII “Jordan” = Yarden. From yarad (to go down, descend; going down in a literal or figurative sense; going to the shore or a boundary, bringing down an enemy). This is the Jordan River, meaning “descending.”
^LXVIII “eastward” = mizrach. Same as “east” in v5. See note XXXIX above.
^LXIX “servant” = ebed. From abad (to work, serve, compel; any kind of work; used causatively, can mean to enslave or keep in bondage). This is a servant, slave, or bondservant.

^LXX “Aroer” = Aroer. 16x in OT. From the same as aroer (shrub or tree; may be a juniper); from arar (to strip, make bare, destroy). This is Aroer, a city whose name means “accumulation” or “stripped” or “heath.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Aroer.html
^LXXI “edge” = saphah. This is lip, edge, border, bank – used for a boundary. It can also be speech or language.
^LXXII “Wadi” = nachal. Related to “inheritance” in v6. From nachal (see note LIV above). This is a river or stream. It could be a wadi or arroyo – sometimes a narrow valley with no water at all, but in strong rains or when winter snow melts, it swells or floods with water.
^LXXIII “Arnon” = Arnon. From the same as Aran (Aran, a name that may mean “stridulous”); {perhaps from ranan (a cry of joy or a joyful song; properly, emitting a shrill sound, especially one of joy)} OR from aran (to be agile, to inspire cheerfulness). This is Arnon, a wadi and stream in Moab whose name means “a roaring stream” or “a brawling stream” or “murmuring” or “roaring” or “cheering” or “agile.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Arnon.html

^LXXIV “town” = iyr. From uwr (to awaken or wake oneself up). This can mean excitement in the sense of wakefulness or city. Properly, this is a place that is guarded. Guards kept schedules according to watches. This sense of the word would include cities as well as encampments or posts that were guarded.
^LXXV “middle” = tavek. This is among, middle, in the midst, the center. Perhaps, properly, to sever.
^LXXVI “valley” = nachal. Same as “Wadi” in v9. See note LXXII above.
^LXXVII “tableland” = mishor. From yashar (to be straight, right, even, smooth, or agreeable; figuratively, to make something pleasant or prosperous) This is a level place like a plain. It can also be the proper name of a level place. Figuratively, it can refer to straightness in the sense of justice, equity, fairness, righteousness, or uprightness. It can also refer to a concord.

^LXXVIII “Medeba” = Medeba. Related to “Misrephoth-maim” in v6. 5x in OT. Perhaps from mayim (see note XLVII above) + dobe (rest, strength). This is Medeba, a city whose name may mean “water of quiet.”
^LXXIX “Dibon” = Dibon. 11x in OT. Perhaps from dub (to mope, sorrow). This is Dibon, meaning “pining.”
^LXXX “cities” = iyr. Same as “town” in v9. See note LXXIV above.
^LXXXI “King” = melek. From malak (to be or become king or queen, to rise to the throne, to be crowned; by implication, to take counsel). This is king or royal.
^LXXXII “Sihon” = Sichon. Perhaps from the same a ssuach (Suach, a name); from the same as suchah (something swept away, refuse). This is Sihon or Sichon, a name perhaps meaning “tempestuous.”

^LXXXIII “reigned” = malak. Related to “King” in v10. See note LXXXI above.
^LXXXIV “Heshbon” = Cheshbon. Related to “reckoned” in v3. From chashab (see note XXII above). This is Heshbon or Cheshbon, meaning “library of synthetic wisdom” or “intelligence” or “reason.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Heshbon.html
^LXXXV “Ammonites” = ben + Ammon. Literally, “children of Ammon.” Ben is the same as “Israelites” in v6. See note L above. Ammon is from im (with, against, before, beside); {perhaps from amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together)} OR from am (people or nation; a tribe, troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals); {from amam (see above)}. This is Ammon or Ammonite, which may mean “tribal.”

^LXXXVI “Gilead” = Gilad. Related to “regions” in v2. From gala (to lay bare, quarrel, expose) OR from gal’ed (heap of testimony); {from gal (wave, billow, rock pile; something rolled; a spring of water); {from galal (see note XIII above)} + ed (witness, testimony, recorder); from ud (to admonish, repeat, duplicate, testify, restore, record, relieve)}}. This is Gilead, meaning “perpetual fountain” or “heap of testimony.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Gilead.html#.Xw_EFShKhPY
^LXXXVII “region” = gebul. Same as “boundary” in v3. See note XX above.
^LXXXVIII “Maacathites” = Maakathi. 8x in OT. From Maakah (Maacah or Maakath; “depression,” “oppression,” “squeezer”); from maak (to pierce, squeeze, stick, handle). This is Maacathite – someone living in Maacah.

^LXXXIX “Bashan” = Bashan. Bashan is a place whose name may mean “smooth.”
^XC “Salecah” = Salkah. 4x in OT. May come from a word that means to walk. It is Salecah, Salcah, or Salchah, meaning “walking.”
^XCI “kingdom” = mamlakuth. Related to “King” and “reigned” in v10. 9x in OT. From the same as melek (see note LXXXI above). This is kingdom, dominion, sovereignty, rule. It can also refer to the realm.
^XCII “Og” = Og. From the same as uggah (bread cake, round ash cake); from ug (to gyrate, bake; baking a round cake). This is Og, a name perhaps meaning “round.”

^XCIII “Ashtaroth” = Ashtaroth. 12x in OT. From ashtrah (young, enlarge a flock); from ashath (to think) or ashar (to gain wealth, become rich, enrich; to accumulate) OR {from ashat (form a union that is cohesive or solid) + torah (Torah, instruction, law); {from yarah (to throw, shoot, be stunned; to flow as water so figuratively to instruct or teach)}}. This is Ashtaroth, a location and the name of a Sidonian goddess, also called Astarte. It may mean “Astarte” or “unions of instructions” or “clusters of one law.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ashtaroth.html
^XCIV “Edrei” = Edrei. 8x in OT. Perhaps from Aramaic edra (arm, strength, power); from Aramaic dera (arm); akin to Hebrew zeroa (arm, shoulder, or foreleg of an animal; figuratively, power, force, might, or help); Perhaps from zara (to sow, scatter seed, conceive).  This is Edrei, meaning “mighty.”
^XCV “was left” = shaar. Same as “remains” in v1. See note X above.

^XCVI “survivors” = yether. From yathar (to jut over, remain behind, preserve, to excel). This is a remainder or excess. It can imply abundant or superiority. Additionally, it can be cord a free-hanging rope.
^XCVII “Rephaim” = Rapha. From raphah (to slacken in a literal or figurative sense. So, it could be to hang, be feeble, fail, drop, be helpless, relax, slink, subside, or wait) OR from rapha (properly, to repair by stitching – figuratively to heal or cure; to make whole). This is Rapha or Rephaim. It is someone who lived east of Jordan, a giant. It may mean “faded ones,” “healed ones,” or “what we’ve been healed from.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Rephaim.html
^XCVIII “defeated” = nakah. This is to hit whether lightly or severely. It can be used in a literal or figurative sense. So, this could be beat, punish, give wounds, kill, or slaughter.

^XCIX “Geshur” = Geshur. Related to “Geshurites” in v2. 9x in OT. See note XV above.
^C “Maacath” = Maakah. Related to “Maacathites” in v11. See note LXXXVIII above.
^CI “live” = yashab. Same as “inhabitants” in v6. See note XLV above.
^CII “within” = qereb. Perhaps from qarab (to come near or approach). This is among, in the midst, before, the center It is the inward part, whether literal or figurative. It can also be used for the heart, the site of thoughts and feelings. This word is also used as a technical term for the entrails of the animals who are sacrificed.
^CIII “day” = yom. Same as “years” in v1. See note IV above.

^CIV “Levi” = Levi. Perhaps from lavah (to join, twine, unite, remain, borrow, lend). This is Levi, perhaps meaning “attached.” It can refer to Jacob’s son, his tribe, and descendants.
^CV “alone” = raq. Same as “alone” in v6. See note LI above.
^CVI “offerings by fire” = ishsheh. From eshshah (a fire); from esh (fire, burning, flaming, hot; fire in a literal or figurative sense). This is an offering by fire or a burnt offering. More broadly, it can refer to any kind of sacrifice.
^CVII “God” = Elohim. Related to “Israelites” in v6. See note L above.
^CVIII “said” = dabar. This is generally to speak, answer, declare, or command. It might mean to arrange and so to speak in a figurative sense as arranging words.

^CIX “tribe” = matteh. From natah (to stretch or spread out, extend, bend). This is a staff, rod, branch, or tribe. It could be a rod for discipline or correction. It could be a scepter to indicate authority, a throwing lance, or a walking staff. Figuratively, it could also be something that supports life (like bread).
^CX “Reubenites” = ben + Reuben. Literally, “children of Reuben.” Ben is the same as “Israelites” in v6. See note L above. Reuben is related to “Reubenites” in v8 & to “Israelites” in v6 & “Reubenites” in v8. See note LXI above.
^CXI “families” = mishpachah. From the same as shiphcah (maid, maidservant); root means to spread out. This is one’s circle of relatives – clan, family, kindred.
^CXII “territory” = gebul. Same as “boundary” in v3. See note XX above.
^CXIII “was” = hayah. Related to “Joshua” and “Lord” in v1. See note I above.

^CXIV “Bamoth-baal” = Bamoth Baal. Related to “Baal-gad” in v5. 4x in OT. From the same as bamah (root might mean being high; height, wave, or elevation) + Baal (see note XL above). This is Bamah-baal, meaning “high place of Baal.”
^CXV “Beth-baal-meon” = Beth Baal Meon. Related to “Israelites” in v6 & “Reubenites” in v8 & “Reubenites” in v15 & to “Baal-gad” in v5 & “Bamoth-baal” in v17. 2x in OT – 1x in Joshua & 1x in Jeremiah. From bayit (house, court, family, palace, temple); {probably from banah (see note L above)} + Baal (see note XL above) + maon (dwelling, den, haunt, retreat; can refer to the Tabernacle or Temple; can also be used for homes or animal lairs); {from anah (to answer, respond, announce, sing, shout, or testify; to pay attention, which implies responding and, by extension, starting to talk; singing, shouting, testifying, etc.)}. This is Beth-baal-meon, a place meaning “house of Baal of the habitation” or “house of habitation of Baal.”
^CXVI “Jahaz” = Yahats. 9x in OT. Perhaps from a word that means to stamp. This is Jahaz or Yahats. It may mean “threshing floor.”

^CXVII “Kedemoth” = Qedemoth. 4x in OT. From the same as qedem (front, formerly, before, east, eternal, everlasting, antiquity); from qadam (to come in front or be in front and so meet, anticipate, confront, receive, or rise; to meet for help). This is Kedemoth or Qedemoth, meaning “beginnings,” “ancient lands,” “eastern territories,” “ancient place,” or “ancients.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Kedemoth.html
^CXVIII “Mephaath” = Mophaath. 4x in OT. From yapha (shine out beams, look favorably). This is Mephaath, a city whose name means “illuminative” or “place of residence” or “place of radiant theophany” or “splendor.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Mephaath.html 
^CXIX “Kiriathaim” = Qiryathayim. 7x in OT. From qarah (to happen, meet, bring about) OR from qiryah (city, building); {from qarah (see note above)}. This is Kiriathaim, a place that may mean “double city.”
^CXX “Sibmah” = Sebam. 6x in OT. Perhaps from basam (spice, balsam tree); from bosem (balsam, spice, perfume, odor; the balsam tree). This is Sebam or Sibmah, a place perhaps meaning “spice.”

^CXXI “Zereth-shahar” = Tsereth Hashshachar. Related to “Shihor” in v3. 1x in OT. From Tsereth (Zereth – a name meaning “splendor” or “highest” or “ripest” or “adversary” or “sharp” or “distress”); {perhaps from tsahar (pressing oil, glistening); perhaps from yitshar (fresh oil, anointed; oil as that which is burned to make light; used figuratively to talk about anointing) or from tsahar (being high, ripe) or from tsarar (to bind, restrict, narrow, be cramped, an adversary)} + shachar (see note XVI above). This is Zereth-shahar, a city whose name means “Zereth of the dawn” or “splendor of the dawn” or “distress at a solar eclipse” or “bound by obscurity” or “darkness at midday.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Zereth.html & https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Zereth-shahar.html
^CXXII “hill” = har. Same as “Mount” in v5. See note XLII above.
^CXXIII “valley” = emeq. From amoq (to be deep in a literal or figurative sense; profound). This is Vale or valley – frequently part of place names.

^CXXIV “Beth-peor” = Beth peor. Related to “Israelites” in v6 & “Reubenites” in v8 & “Reubenites” in v15 & “Beth-baal-meon” in v17. 4x in OT. From bayit (see note CXV above) + Peor (Peor – a mountain in Moab and a god of Moab; perhaps meaning gap); {from paar (to gape, yawn; open wide – especially the mouth – in a literal or figurative sense)}. This is Beth-Peor, meaning House of Peor.
^CXXV “slopes” = ashedah. 6x in OT. From eshed (bottom, slope, outpouring, stream). This is a foundation, slope, or spring.
^CXXVI “Pisgah” = Pisgah. 8x in OT. From pasag (to go between, pass through; figuratively to contemplate or consider). This is Pisgah, meaning cleft. It is a mountain in Moab.
^CXXVII “Beth-jeshimoth” = Beth Hayshimoth. Related to “Israelites” in v6 & “Reubenites” in v8 & “Reubenites” in v15 & “Beth-baal-meon” in v17 & “Beth-peor” in v20. 4x in OT. From bayit (see note CXV above) + yeshimah (let death take hold, desolation); {perhaps related to mavet (death, deadliness, the dead, or the place where the dead go; figuratively, pestilence or ruin); {from mut (to die in a literal or figurative sense)}} or from yasham (to be stripped, destroyed, desolate). This is Beth-jeshimoth, a place whose name may mean “house of the deserts” or place of the desert” or “house of the wastes.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Beth-jeshimoth.html

^CXXVIII “leaders” = nasi. From nasa (to lift in a broad sense, literally and figuratively; to carry, take, or arise; to bring forth, advance, accept). This is one lifted up or exalter. So, it could be prince, chief, ruler, captain, king, or vapor.
^CXXIX “Midian” = Midyan. From the same as madon (strife, contention, brawling); from din (to judge, defend, dispute, govern, strive). This is Midian or a Midianite. It means strife or place of judgment.
^CXXX “Evi” = Evi. 2x in OT. From the same as avah (to desire, crave, wish for, lust after). This is Evi, meaning “desirous.”
^CXXXI “Rekem” = Reqem. 6x in OT. From raqam (to embroider, weave, vary color, fabricate). This is Rekem or Reqem, meaning “having many colors.”
^CXXXII “Zur” = Tsur. Related to “Egypt” in v3. 5x in OT. From tsur (rock, stone, cliff, boulder, rocky; a refuge, God); from tsur (see note XVIII above). This is Zur or Tsur, meaning “rock.”

^CXXXIII “Hur” = Chur. 15x in OT. From chavar (to be or become white or pale) OR from the same as chur (white things, white, white linen) OR from the same as chur (hole; a hole that was bored; a crevice where a snake lives; the cell of a prison). This is Hur or Chur, its meaning is uncertain.
^CXXXIV “Reba” = Reba. 2x in OT. From reba (one-fourth, square, four sides, a direction, a side); from the same as arba (four); from raba (to make square or be four-sided);from raba (to lie down flat; can be to lie for mating). This is Reba, meaning “fourth” or “fourth part” or “promiscuous” or “pervert.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Reba.html
^CXXXV “princes” = nsiyk. 6x in OT. From nasak (to pour out or melt; used especially for libations or for the process of making cast metal; can also be used figuratively for anointing a king). This is a drink offering idol made of poured metal, or a leader as an anointed one.

^CXXXVI “put to death” = chalal. From chalal (to pierce, to wound; figuratively, making someone or something profane or breaking your word; to begin as though one opened a wedge; to eat something as a common thing). This is to pierce, profane or pollute. It can also refer to slain or deadly.
^CXXXVII “put” = harag. This is to strike with deadly intent so it can be kill, destroy, murder, or put to death.
^CXXXVIII “sword” = chereb. From charab (to attack, slay). This is any sharp instrument like a sword, dagger, axe, or mattock.
^CXXXIX “Balaam” = Bil’am. Related to “Ammonites” in v10. Probably from bal (not, none, nothing, a failure); {from balah (to grow old, wear out, waste away, consume, spend)} + am (see note LXXXV above) OR from bala (to swallow, engulf, cover, destroy) + am (see above). This is Balaam, meaning “not of the people” or “foreigner” or “swallowing up the people” or “destroyer of the people” or “destruction of the people” or “confuser of the people.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Balaam.html

^CXL “son” = ben. Same as “Israelites” in v6. See note L above.
^CXLI “Beor” = Beor. 10x in OT. From baar (burn, consume, heat, remove; to consume by a fire or through eating; can also mean being brutish or wasting). This is Beor, meaning “a lamp” or “a torch” or “burning” or “consuming.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Beor.html
^CXLII “practiced divination” = qasam. From qesem (a lot, oracle, divination, witchcraft, or a divine decision); from qasam (to conjure, divine, be a soothsayer; to determine something using lots or magical scrolls). This is to divine, conjure, distribute. It is to figure out though a lot or by using a magical scroll.
^CXLIII “border” = gebul. Same as “boundary” in v3. See note XX above.
^CXLIV “banks” = gebul. Same as “boundary” in v3. See note XX above.
^CXLV “villages” = chatser. From chatsar (to blow a trumpet, trumpeter, to surround); from chatsotsrah (trumpet). This is an enclosure or court – a yard that is fenced in. It could also be a village or hamlet that is walled in.

^CXLVI “tribe” = matteh. Same as “tribe” in v15. See note CIX above.
^CXLVII “Gadites” = Gad + ben + Gad. Gad is related to “Baal-gad” in v5 & “Gadites” in v8. See note XL above. Ben is the same as “Israelites” in v6. See note L above. Gad is the same as “Gadites.” See above.
^CXLVIII “Jazer” = Yazer. 13x in OT. From azar (to help, protect, support, ally; properly, to surround so as to provide aid). This is Jazer or Yazer, meaning “helpful,” “he shall help,” or “whom the Lord helps.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Jazer.html
^CXLIX “near” = paneh. Same as “near” in v3. See note XVII above.
^CL “Rabbah” = Rabbah. 15x in OT. From rab (abundance, many, elder, exceedingly, great; abundance of amount, rank, or status); from rabab (increasing in any aspect whether quantity, authority, size, quality, greatness, etc.). This is Rabbah, a place whose name means “great,” “great city,” or “populous.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Rabbah.html

^CLI “Ramath-mizpeh” = Ramath Hammitspeh. 1x in OT. From ramah (height); {from rum (rise, bring up, being high, extol, exalt, haughty; to raise in a literal or figurative sense)} + mitspeh (watchtower – particularly one for military use); {from tsaphah (to look out, look around, spy watchman, sentinel; leaning out to look far away; to await or observe)}. This is Ramath-mizpeh, a city whose name may mean “height of the watchtower” or “elevated lookout” or “high hope” or “lookout height” or “height before Mizpah” or “elevation to look out from.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ramath-mizpeh.html
^CLII “Betonim” = Betonim. 1x in OT. From the same as botnim (pistachio); from beten (root may mean to be hollow; the belly or womb; a body, more broadly). Betonim is a city whose name may mean “hollows.”
^CLIII “Mahanaim” = Machanayim. 13x in OT. From machaneh (an encampment, whether of people traveling together or soldiers; a camp band or company; an army of soldiers; other groups like animals, angels or stars.); from chanah (to decline, bending down, or living in tents; can be camping to create a home or camping as a part of battle). This is Mahanaim, a city whose name means “two camps” or “double camp.”
^CLIV “Debir” = Debir. Related to “said” in v14. 14x in OT– 11x in Joshua & 2x in Judges & 1x in 1 Chronicles. From the same as debir (maybe a place of speaking like an oracle; the inner sanctuary of Solomon’s Temple); perhaps from dabar (see note CVIII above). This is Debir, a name and city that means “place of the word” or “oracle.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Debir.html

^CLV “valley” = emeq. Same as “valley” in v19. See note CXXIII above.
^CLVI “Beth-haram” = Beth Haram. Related to “Israelites” in v6 & “Reubenites” in v8 & “Reubenites” in v15 & “Beth-baal-meon” in v17 & “Beth-peor” and “Beth-jeshimoth” in v20 & to “Ramath-mizpeh” in v26. 1x in OT. From bayit (see note CXV above) + perhaps rum (see note CLI above). This is Beth-haram, which may mean “house of the height” or “house of the lofty” or “mountain house.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Beth-haram.html
^CLVII “Beth-nimrah” = Beth Nimrah. Related to “Israelites” in v6 & “Reubenites” in v8 & “Reubenites” in v15 & “Beth-baal-meon” in v17 & “Beth-peor” and “Beth-jeshimoth” in v20 & “Beth-haram” in v27. 2x in OT. From bayit (see note CXV above) + namer (root may mean to filtrate; refers to spots dripped and, thereby, a leopard). This is Beth-nimrah, which may mean “place of a leopard” or “house of the leopard” or “house of pure water.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Beth-nimrah.html

^CLVIII “Succoth” = Sukkoth. 18x in OT. From sukkah (booth, canopy, shelter, tent, or tabernacle); from sok (lair, thicket, den, or hiding place; a den or pavilion as made of intertwined boughs); from sakak (to interweave, knit). This is Succoth, perhaps meaning “booths” or “weavings.” It is related to the Jewish holiday “Sukkoth,” the Festival of Booths. See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Succoth.html
^CLIX “Zaphon” = Tsaphon. Related to “northward” in v3. 1x in OT. From tsaphan (see note XIX above). This is Zaphon, a city whose name may mean “north” or “boreal” or “storage place” or “concealed” or “north wind.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Zaphon.html
^CLX “rest” = yether. Same as “survivors” in v12. See note XCVI above.

^CLXI “lower end” = qatseh. From qatsah (to cut off, cut short; figuratively, to destroy). This is end, brink, border, edge, frontier. It can refer to that which is within set boundaries.
^CLXII “Sea” = yam. Root may mean to roar. This is the sea, often referring to the Mediterranean. It comes from the root in the sense of the roar of crashing surf. This word is sometimes used for rivers or other sources of water. It can mean to the west or to the south.
^CLXIII “Chinnereth” = Kinaroth. 7x in OT. Related to kinnor (lyre, harp; may come from a word meaning to twang). This is Chinnereth, Kinaroth, or Kinnereth. It may mean “harp-shaped.
^CLXIV “eastward” = mizrach. Same as “east” in v5. See note XXXIX above.

^CLXV “tribe” = shebet. Same as “tribes” in v7. See note LVIII above.
^CLXVI “tribe” = matteh. Same as “tribe” in v15. See note CIX above.
^CLXVII “Manassites” = ben + Menashseh. Literally, “children of Manasseh.” Ben is the same as “Israelites” in v6. See note L above. Menashsheh is the same as “Manasseh” in v7. See note LX above.
^CLXVIII “extended” = hayah. Same as “was” in v16. See note CXIII above.
^CLXIX “whole” = kol. Same as “all” in v2. See note XII above.

^CLXX “settlements” = chavvah. 4x in OT. Perhaps from the same as Chavvah (Eve or Chavvah, a name meaning “life” or “life-giver); from chavah (show, tell, live, declare). This is a place of living. So, it is a village of tents or a settlement.
^CLXXI “Jair” = Yair. 9x in OT. From or (to be or become light). This is Jair or Yair, meaning “enlightens” or “enlightener” or “he will diffuse light” or “one giving light.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Jair.html
^CLXXII “sixty” = shishshim. From shesh (six; figuratively, a surplus since it is one more than the number of fingers on the hand). This is sixty.

^CLXXIII “people” = ben. Same as “Israelites” in v6. See note L above.
^CLXXIV “Machir” = Makir. From makar (to sell – could be commerce/trade, a daughter to be married, someone into slavery; figuratively, to surrender). This is Machir or Makir, it is a name meaning “salesman.”
^CLXXV “Machirites” = ben + Makir. Literally, “children of Machir.” Ben is the same as “Israelites” in v6. See note L above. Makir is the same as “Machir” in v31. See note CLXXIV above.

^CLXXVI “inheritances…distributed” = nachal. Related to “inheritance” in v6 & “Wadi” in v9. See note LIV above.
^CLXXVII “plains” = arabah. From the same as arab (desert plateau, Arabia) OR from arab (to become evening); {from ereb (evening) or from arab (to exchange, give or take on pledge, braid, intermix)}. This is a desert valley or plain, wilderness. Also, the name of a place Arabah.
^CLXXVIII “Moab” = Moab. May be from ab (father, ancestor, grandfather; father in a literal or figurative sense). This is Moab or Moabite. Name could mean “from her father” in reference to the incestuous relationship between Lot and his daughters. The name could also mean, more pleasantly, “seed of a father” or “desirable land.” See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moab

^CLXXIX “east” = mizrach. Same as “east” in v5. See note XXXIX above.
^CLXXX “Jericho” = Yericho. From yareach (moon); {from the same as yerach (month)} OR from ruach (smell, breathe, perceive, anticipate, accept, enjoy). This is Jericho meaning either “moon city” or “fragrant place.”
^CLXXXI “tribe” = shebet. This is a rod, staff, club, scepter, dart, or tribe. Literally a stick that can be used for punishing, writing, fighting, walking, ruling; thus, used figuratively for a clan.
^CLXXXII “said” = dabar. Same as “said” in v14. See note CVIII above.