Joshua 21

^I “heads” = rosh. This may come a word that means to shake. It is the head, captain, or chief. It can also be excellent or the forefront. It can be first in position or in statue or in time (i.e. the beginning).
^II “families” = ab. This is father, chief, or ancestor. It is father in a literal or figurative sense.
^III “Levites” = Leviyyi. From Levi (Levi; perhaps meaning “attached”; Jacob’s son, his tribe, and descendants); perhaps from lavah (to join, twine, unite, remain, borrow, lend). This is Levite or levitical.
^IV “came” = nagash. This is to draw, bring, or come near. It is approaching for any reason – as an attack on an enemy, in order to worship, to make an argument. It can also be used as a euphemism for sex.

^V “priest” = kohen. This is literally the one who officiates i.e. the priest. This is where the Jewish last name “Cohen” (and its variants) comes from.
^VI “Eleazar” = Elazar. From El (God, a god) + azar (to help, protect, support, ally; properly, to surround so as to provide aid). This is Elezar or Elazar, meaning “God has helped” or “God is helper.”
^VII “Joshua” = Yehoshua. From YHVH (proper name of the God of Israel; the self-existent and eternal one); {from havah (to become) or from hayah (to come to pass, become, be)} + yasha (to deliver, defend, help, preserve, rescue; properly, to be open, wide or free, which implies being safe. So, in a causative sense, this is to free someone). This is Joshua, Jeshua, or Yehoshua, which means “the Lord is salvation.”

^VIII “son” = ben. From banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense.
^IX “Nun” = Nun. From nun (to propagate, continue, resprout, be perpetual). This is Nun or Non, meaning “perpetuity.”
^X “tribes” = matteh. From natah (to stretch or spread out, extend, bend). This is a staff, rod, branch, or tribe. It could be a rod for discipline or correction. It could be a scepter to indicate authority, a throwing lance, or a walking staff. Figuratively, it could also be something that supports life (like bread).
^XI “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Literally, “children of Israel.” Ben is the same as “son” in v1. See note VIII above. Yisrael is related to “Eleazar” in v1. From sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (see note VI above). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.

^XII “said” = dabar. This is generally to speak, answer, declare, or command. It might mean to arrange and so to speak in a figurative sense as arranging words.
^XIII “Shiloh” = Shiloh. From shalah (to draw out, take away, require) OR from the same as Shiyloh (Shiloh; perhaps “he whose it is” or “tranquil”); perhaps from shalah (to be quiet, safe, tranquil; can imply success or happiness; could also mean to deceive or be negligent). This is Shiloh, perhaps “he whose it is” or “tranquil.”
^XIV “land” = erets. Root may mean to be firm. This is earth, ground, field land, or country.
^XV “Canaan” = Kna’an. From kana’ (to be humble, subdue; properly, bend the knee). This is Canaan, his descendants, and the land where they settled. This could mean lowlands, describing their land or subjugated in reference to being conquered by Egypt. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaan
^XVI {untranslated} = amar. This is to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report.

^XVII “Lord” = YHVH. Related to “Joshua” in v1. See note VII above.
^XVIII “commanded” = tsavah. This is to charge, command, order, appoint, or enjoin. This is the root that the Hebrew word for “commandment” comes from (mitsvah).
^XIX {untranslated} = yad. This is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.
^XX “Moses” = Mosheh. From mashah (to pull out in a literal or figurative sense, to draw out) OR from Egyptian mes or mesu (child, son i.e. child of…). This is Moses – the one drawn out from the water, which is to say, rescued. If derived from the Egyptian, his name would share a root with Rameses and Thutmose.

^XXI “given” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.
^XXII “towns” = iyr. From uwr (to awaken or wake oneself up). This can mean excitement in the sense of wakefulness or city. Properly, this is a place that is guarded. Guards kept schedules according to watches. This sense of the word would include cities as well as encampments or posts that were guarded.
^XXIII “live” = yashab. This is to sit and so to remain and so to dwell. It is sitting for any reason – as a judge, in order to ambush, or just sitting quietly. Causatively, this can mean settling or marrying. This can also mean continue, endure, or establish.
^XXIV “pasturelands” = migrash. From garash (to drive out or expel; to divorce or of an expatriate). This is common land – country around a city that can be used as pasture.
^XXV “livestock” = behemah. This is animal or cattle. It is often used of large quadrupeds.

^XXVI “command” = peh. This is mouth in a literal or figurative sense. So, more literally, it can be beak or jaws. More figuratively, it refers to speech, commands, or promises.
^XXVII “following” = elleh. Literally, “these.”
^XXVIII “inheritance” = nachalah. Related to nachal (to inherit, occupy, distribute, take as heritage). This is properly something that was inherited. It can mean occupancy generally or, more particularly, an heirloom or an estate. This can be an inheritance, gift, possession, or portion.

^XXIX “lot” = goral. Root may mean to be rough like a stone. A lot was probably a small pebble used to determine one’s portion or what one should do (the will of a god or one’s destiny).
^XXX “came out” = yatsa. This is to go or come out, bring forth, appear. It is to go out in a literal or figurative sense.
^XXXI “families” = mishpachah. From the same as shiphcah (maid, maidservant); root means to spread out. This is one’s circle of relatives – clan, family, kindred.
^XXXII “Kohathites” = Qehathi. 15x in OT. From Qehath (Kohath; perhaps meaning “allied”); perhaps from a root meaning to ally OR from yaqa (to obey, be pious) OR qavah (to wait, look, gather together, bind together, collect; figuratively, to expect). This is Kohathite, descendants of Kohath. It may mean “allied,” “obedience,” “gathering,” or “congregation.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Kohath.html

^XXXIII “were” = hayah. Related to “Joshua” in v1 & “Lord” in v2. See note VII above.
^XXXIV “descendants” = ben. Same as “son” in v1. See note VIII above.
^XXXV “Aaron” = Aharon. Derivation uncertain. May mean “bearer of martyrs” OR be related to Ancient Egyptian ꜥḥꜣ rw (warrior lion) OR elevated, exalted, high mountain. This is Aaron. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Aaron
^XXXVI “thirteen’ = shalosh + asar. Shalosh is three, fork, three times. Asar is from the same as eser (ten). This is -teen or -teenth.
^XXXVII “Judah” = Yehudah. Probably from yadah (to throw one’s hands into the air in a gesture of praise); from yad (hand). This is Judah, meaning “praised.”

^XXXVIII {untranslated} = matteh. Same as “tribes” in v1. See note X above.
^XXXIX “Simeon” = Shimoni. 4x in OT. From Shimon (Simon – Jacob’s son and his tribe); from shama (to hear, often implying attention and obedience). This is Simeonite, offspring of Simeon.
^XL {untranslated} = matteh. Same as “tribes” in v1. See note X above.
^XLI “Benjamin” = Binyamin. Related to “son” in v1. From ben (see note VIII above) + from yamin (right hand or side; that which is stronger or more agile; the south); {perhaps yamam (to go or choose the right, use the right hand; to be physically fit or firm)}. This is Benjamin, meaning “son of the right hand.” It could refer to Benjamin himself, his offspring, their tribe, or their territory.

^XLII “Kohathites” = ben + Qehath. Literally, “children of Kohath.” Ben is the same as “son” in v1. See note VIII above. Qehath is related to “Kohathites” in v4. See note XXXII above.
^XLIII “rest…received” = yathar. This is to jut over, remain behind, preserve, to excel. It can be to leave or to be in abundance.
^XLIV “ten” = eser. Related to “thirteen” in v4. See note XXXVI above.
^XLV “families” = mishpachah. Same as “families” in v4. See note XXXI above.

^XLVI “Ephraim” = Ephrayim. From the same as epher (ashes or dust – properly something strewn) OR from parah (to grow, increase, be fruitful in a literal or figurative sense). This is Ephraim, one of Joseph’s sons, his descendants, and their land.
^XLVII “Dan” = Dan. From din (to judge, defend, dispute, govern, quarrel, plead). This is Dan or a Danite. It means “judge” and can refer to Dan, his tribe, or the lands of the tribe.
^XLVIII “half” = chatsi. From chatsah (to halve, divide, reach, participate). This is half, middle, midnight, midst.
^XLIX “Manasseh” = Menashsheh. From nashah (to forget, neglect, remove, deprive). This is Manasseh, literally “causing to forget.” It is Manasseh, his tribe, or the lands of the tribe.

^L “Gershonites” = ben + Gereshon. Literally, “children of Gershon.” Ben is the same as “son” in v1. See note VIII above. Gereshon is related to “pasturelands” in v2. 17x in OT. From garash (see note XXIV above). Gerson is a personal name, meaning “refugee,” “exiled one.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Gershon.html
^LI “families” = mishpachah. Same as “families” in v4. See note XXXI above.
^LII “Issachar” = Yissaskar. Perhaps from nasa (to lift in a broad sense, literally and figuratively; to carry, take, or arise; to bring forth, advance, accept) + sakar (wages, payment, service, salary, worth, reward, or benefit); {from sakar (to hire, reward, earn)} OR ish (man); {perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail} + sakar (see above). This is Issachar, one of Jacob’s children and his tribe. It may mean “there is recompense,” “man of hire,” “he is wages,” or “he will bring a reward.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Issachar.html

^LIII “Asher” = Asher. From ashar (to go straight, lead, guide; to be level and so to be right, blessed, honest, happy). This is Asher, one of Jacob’s children and his tribe. It means “happy one.”
^LIV “Naphtali” = Naphtali. From pathal (to twist, twine, wrestle, struggle, behave in an unsavory way). This is Naphtali, meaning “my wrestling.” It can refer to Naphtali, his tribe, or the lands of the tribe.
^LV “Bashan” = Bashan. Bashan is a place whose name may mean “smooth.”

^LVI “Merarites” = ben + Merari. Literally, “children of Merari.” Ben is the same as “son” in v1. See note VIII above. Merari is from marar (to be bitter, embittered, weep, troubled). This is Merari, a name meaning “bitterness,” “bitter,” or “my strength.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Merari.html
^LVII “families” = mishpachah. Same as “families” in v4. See note XXXI above.
^LVIII “twelve” = shenayim + asar. Shenayim is from sheni (double, again, another, second); from shanah (to fold, repeat, double, alter, or disguise). This is two, both, second, couple. Asar is the same as “thirteen” in v4. See note XXXVI above.
^LIX “Reuben” = Reuben. Related to “son” in v1 & “Benjamin” in v4. From raah (to see, show, stare, think, view; to see in a literal or figurative sense) + ben (see note VIII above). This is Reuben, meaning “behold a son.”

^LX “Gad” = Gad. Perhaps from gad (fortune, troop; Gad, the name of a god of Babylon); from gad (fortunate, a troop); from gud (to invade, overcome, attack). This is Gad, one of Jacob’s children, his tribe and the land they settled. It means “fortune” or “fortunate.”
^LXI “Zebulun” = Zebulun. From zabal (to dwell, inclose, reside). This is Zebulun, that tribe, or their territory. It means “habitation.”
^LXII “commanded” = tsavah. Same as “commanded” in v2. See note XVIII above.
^LXIII {untranslated} = yad. Same as {untranslated} in v2. See note XIX above.

^LXIV {untranslated} = ben. Same as “son” in v1. See note VIII above.
^LXV {untranslated} = ben. Same as “son” in v1. See note VIII above.
^LXVI “Simeon” = Shimon. Related to “Simeon” in v4. See note XXXIX above.
^LXVII “mentioning” = qara. This is to call or call out – to call someone by name. Also used more broadly for calling forth.
^LXVIII “name” = shem. May be from sum (to put, place, set). This is name, fame, renown. A name was thought to indicate something essential about a person – something about their individuality. So, this word can also mean honor, authority, or character.

^LXIX “went” = hayah. Same as “were” in v4. See note XXXIII above.
^LXX “families” = mishpachah. Same as “families” in v4. See note XXXI above.
^LXXI “Kohathites” = Qehathi. Same as “Kohathites” in v4. See note XXXII above.
^LXXII “Levites” = ben + Levi. Literally, “children of Levi.” Ben is the same as “son” in v1. See note VIII above. Levi is related to “Levites” in v1. See note III above.
^LXXIII “fell” = hayah. Same as “were” in v4. See note XXXIII above.
^LXXIV “first” = rishon. Related to “heads” in v1. From rishah (beginning or early time); from rosh (see note I above). This is first, former, ancestor, beginning, ranked first.

^LXXV “Kiriath-arba” = Qiryath Arba. 9x in OT. From qiryah (city, building); from qarah (to happen, meet, bring about)} + arba (four); {from raba (to make square or be four-sided); perhaps from raba (to lie down flat; can be to lie for mating)}. This is Kiriath-arba, meaning “city of the four” or “four-fold city.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Kiriath-arba.html
^LXXVI “father” = ab. Same as “families” in v1. See note II above.
^LXXVII “Anak” = Anaq. 9x in OT– all in Deuteronomy & Joshua. From the same as Anaq (Anak, Anaq; a name meaning “neck”); from the same as anaq (necklace, ornament, chain); perhaps from anaq (to encircle like a necklace or function as a necklace; figuratively, to furnish with supplies). This is someone descended from Anak – an Anakite. It may mean “neck.”

^LXXVIII “Hebron” = Chebron. From cheber (company, society, enchantment, wide); from chabar (to unite, ally, attach, touch; to join in a literal or figurative sense; also, specially, using magic knots or spells to fascinate or connect). This is Hebron, meaning “seat of association” or “league.”
^LXXIX “hill country” = har. From harar (hill or mountain). This is mountain, hill, hilly region.
^LXXX “around” = sabib. From sabab (turning around, going around; to surround, cast, walk, fetch; to revolve or border in a literal or figurative sense). This is a circuit or a circle. It could refer to an environment, one’s neighbors, or a circular path round about.

^LXXXI “fields” = sadeh. From the same as shadday (almighty, field, land); from shadad (to devastate, ruin, destroy, oppress, be powerful). Or, it may be from a word that means to spread out. This is field, ground, soil, or land. It can be used to mean wild as in a wild animal.
^LXXXII “villages” = chatser. From chatsar (to blow a trumpet, trumpeter, to surround); from chatsotsrah (trumpet). This is an enclosure or court – a yard that is fenced in. It could also be a village or hamlet that is walled in.
^LXXXIII “Caleb” = Kaleb. From the same as keleb (a dog, male prostitute; perhaps from a word meaning to yelp or attack). This is Caleb or Kaleb, meaning “dog” or “unsophisticated servant.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Caleb.html
^LXXXIV “Jephunneh” = Yephunneh. 16x in OT. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is Jephunneh or Yephunneh, meaning “he will be prepared” or “he will turn to” or “he will face” or “he will be beheld.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Jephunneh.html
^LXXXV “holding” = achuzzah. From achaz (to grasp, catch, seize, take and hold in possession). This is a possession, particularly used of land.

^LXXXVI “city” = iyr. Same as “towns” in v2. See note XXII above.
^LXXXVII “refuge” = miqlat. Perhaps from qalat (to lack a portion, be stunted). This is a refuge or asylum.
^LXXXVIII “slayer” = ratsach. Properly, this is to dash something to pieces. It is to kill a person, but it is used particularly (though not exclusively) for murder.
^LXXXIX “Libnah” = Libnah. 18x in OT. From laban (to be or make white, to make bricks). This is Libnah, meaning “whiteness” or “transparency.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Libnah.html

^XC “Jattir” = Yattir. Related to “rest…received” in v5. 4x in OT. From yathar (see note XLIII above). This is a city whose name may mean “redundant” or “preeminence” or “lofty.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Jattir.html
^XCI “Eshtemoa” = Eshtemoa. Related to “Simeon” in v4 & “Simeon” in v9. 6x in OT. Perhaps from shama (see note XXXIX above). This is Eshtemoh, the name of a person and a place.
^XCII “Holon” = Cholon. 3x in OT– 2x in Joshua & 1x in Jeremiah. Probably from chel (army, entrenchment, fortress, wall, or host); {from chul (whirling around so dancing as in a circle or writhing in pain; used particularly for the pain of childbirth or from writhing due to fear; can also be falling in pain or waiting)} OR from chayil (strength, wealth, ability, activity; a soldier or a company of soldiers; goods; a force of people, means, or goods; valor, virtue, or strength); {from chul (to be firm, strong, prosperous; to endure)} OR probably from chol (sand, perhaps because of its roundness or the way that the grains can whirl); {from chul (see above – whirling)}. This is Holon, two cities whose names mean “sandy” or “strong place.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Holon.html
^XCIII “Debir” = Debir. Related to “said” in v2. 14x in OT– 11x in Joshua & 2x in Judges & 1x in 1 Chronicles. From the same as debir (maybe a place of speaking like an oracle; the inner sanctuary of Solomon’s Temple); perhaps from dabar (see note XII above). This is Debir, a name and city that means “place of the word” or “oracle.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Debir.html

^XCIV “Ain” = Ayin. 5x in OT. From the same as ayin (eye, appearance; eye in a literal or figurative sense; a fountain). This is Ain, a place whose name means “spring” or “fountain.”
^XCV “Juttah” = Yuttah. Related to “tribes” in v1. 2x in OT– both in Joshua. From natah (see note X above). This is Juttah, a city in Judah whose name means “extended” or “leveraged” or “it will be stretched out.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Juttah.html
^XCVI “Beth-shemesh” = Beth shemesh. Related to “son” in v1 & “Benjamin” in v4 & “Reuben” in v7. From bayit (house, household, palace, dungeon); {from banah (see note VIII above)} + shemesh (sun or toward the east; root may mean being brilliant; figuratively, a ray or an arch). This is Beth-shemesh, the name of several places, which means “sun temple” or “house of the sun.”

^XCVII “nine” = tesha. Perhaps from sha’ah (to gaze at, gaze around, regard – to look to, especially for help; to consider or be compassionate; to look at in amazement or while confounded). This is nine, perhaps as looking to the next number associated with fullness (10).
^XCVIII “two” = shenayim. Same as “twelve” in v7. See note LVIII above.
^XCIX “tribes” = shebet. This is a rod, staff, club, scepter, dart, or tribe. Literally a stick that can be used for punishing, writing, fighting, walking, ruling; thus, used figuratively for a clan.

^C “tribe” = matteh. Same as “tribes” in v1. See note X above.
^CI “Gibeon” = Gibon. From the same as Geba (Geba or Gibeah; hillock); from the same as gabia (cup, bowl, flower; root might mean being convex). This is Gibeon or Gibon, meaning hilly.
^CII “Geba” = Geba. Related to “Gibeon” in v17. 18x in OT. See note CI above.
^CIII “Anathoth” = Anathoth. Related to “Ain” in v16. 15x in OT. Perhaps from Anath (Anath, meaning “answer” or “eye” or “fountain” or “answer to prayer”); {from anah (to answer, respond, announce, sing, shout, or testify; to pay attention, which implies responding and, by extension, starting to talk; singing, shouting, testifying, etc.) or from ayin (see note XCIV above)} OR from anah (to be busy, occupied) OR from anah (to be bowed down; humility or being browbeaten, oppressed, afflicted, or depressed; literal or figurative – depressed in mood or circumstance). This is Anathoth, a place and a personal name. It may mean “answers” or “answers to prayers” or “afflictions.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Anath.html & https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Anathoth.html

^CIV “Almon” = Almon. 1x in OT. From alam (to hide, conceal, a dissembler; to conceal in a literal or figurative sense). This is Almon, a city whose name means “hidden.”
^CV “four” = arba. Related to “Kiriath-arba” in v11. See note LXXV above.
^CVI “all” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.
^CVII {untranslated} = iyr. Same as “towns” in v2. See note XXII above.
^CVIII “rest” = yathar. Same as “rest…received” in v5. See note XLIII above.
^CIX “Kohathites” = ben + Qehath. Same as “Kohathites” in v5. See note XLII above.
^CX “Kohathite” = ben + Qehath. Same as “Kohathites” in v5. See note XLII above.

^CXI “families” = mishpachah. Same as “families” in v4. See note XXXI above.
^CXII “Levites” = Leviyyi. Same as “Levites” in v1. See note III above.
^CXIII “allotted” = hayah…goral. Hayah is the same as “were” in v4. See note XXXIII above. Goral is the same as “lot” in v4. See note XXIX above.
^CXIV “tribe” = matteh. Same as “tribes” in v1. See note X above.
^CXV “Shechem” = Shekem. From the same as shekem (shoulder, neck, or some other place that bears burdens; figuratively, the spur of a hill, or one’s allotted portion); from shakam (to rise early, begin work early; properly, this is leaning one’s shoulder or back into a load or a burden; also, loading an animal for work). This is Shechem, meaning “ridge.”
^CXVI “Gezer” = Gezer. 15x in OT. From gezer (piece, part, portion); from gazar (to cut or cut down; figuratively, to divide, exclude, decree, or destroy). This is Gezer, a city that means “portion.”

^CXVII “Kibzaim” = Qibtsayim. 1x in OT. From qabats (to collect, assemble, heap, grasp, or gather). This is Kibzaim, a city whose name means “two heaps” or “a double heap.”
^CXVIII “Beth-horon” = Beth choron. Related to “son” in v1 & “Benjamin” in v4 & “Reuben” in v7 & “Beth-shemesh” in v16. 14x in OT. From bayit (see note XCVI above) + chor (a hole, den, cavity); {from the same as chur (hole; a hole that was bored; a crevice where a snake lives; the cell of a prison)}. This is Beth-horon, the name of a few cities, which means “place of a hollow” or “house of hollowness” or “house of freedom” or “place of the great cavern” or “house of the free men.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Beth-horon.html
^CXIX “tribe” = matteh. Same as “tribes” in v1. See note X above.
^CXX “Elteke” = Elteqe. Related to “Eleazar” and “Israelites” in v1. 2x in OT– both in Joshua. Perhaps from El (see note VI above) + a word meaning fear OR from El (see above) + qayah (to vomit). This is Eltekeh, a city whose name means “God is dread” or “God-fearing” or the “God of the one who has vomited out.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Elteke.html
^CXXI “Gibbethon” = Gibbethon. 6x in OT– 2x in Joshua & 3x in 1 Kings. From the same as gab (root may mean to curve or hollow; a back because it is rounded, the brow of the eye, rim, a vault, higher place, or shrine) OR from gibah (hill or little hill); {from the same as Geba (Geba or Gibeah; hillock); from the same as gabia (cup, bowl, flower; root might mean being convex)}. This is Gibbethon, a city whose name means “mound” or “hilly spot” or “lofty place” or “height.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Gibbethon.html

^CXXII “Aijalon” = Ayyalon. 10x in OT. From ayyal (deer, stag); {from the same as ulam (porch, hall); akin to ul (mighty, strength, body, belly; root may mean to twist and that implies strength and power); akin to ayil (strength; things that are strong or powerful: political chiefs, rams, posts, trees, oaks)}}. This is Aijalon, several cities whose name means “deer” or “place or gazelles” or “deer-field” or “protruding one.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Aijalon.html
^CXXIII “Gath-rimmon” = Gath rimmon. 4x in OT– 3x in Joshua & 1x in 1 Chronicles. From gath (wine press); {perhaps from nagan (to strike a stringed instrument, to pluck or play it)} + rimmon (pomegranate or pomegranate tree). This is Gath-rimmon, two places whose names mean “wine press of a pomegranate” or “winepress of elevation” or “pomegranate press.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Gath-rimmon.html
^CXXIV “half” = machatsith. Related to “half” in v5. 16x in OT. From chatsah (see note XLVIII above). This is half or middle.
^CXXV “tribe” = matteh. Same as “tribes” in v1. See note X above.
^CXXVI “Taanach” = Tanak. 7x in OT. This is Taanach, Tanach, or Tanak. Its meaning is unclear. It may mean “wandering through” or “sandy.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Taanach.html

^CXXVII “families” = mishpachah. Same as “families” in v4. See note XXXI above.
^CXXVIII “Kohathites” = ben + Qehath. Same as “Kohathites” in v5. See note XLII above.
^CXXIX {untranslated} = iyr. Same as “towns” in v2. See note XXII above.
^CXXX “families” = mishpachah. Same as “families” in v4. See note XXXI above.
^CXXXI “Levites” = Leviyyi. Same as “Levites” in v1. See note III above.
^CXXXII “half” = chatsi. Same as “half” in v5. See note XLVIII above.
^CXXXIII “tribe” = matteh. Same as “tribes” in v1. See note X above.

^CXXXIV “Golan” = Golan. 4x in OT. Perhaps from golah (exile, captive, captivity, removing, or carried away); from galah (to remove, bring, carry, lead, appear, advertise; to strip someone or something bare in a negative sense; captives were typically stripped before they were sent into exile; used figuratively, in a positive sense, this word means reveal, disclose, discover). This is Golan, a city whose name meaning is uncertain.
^CXXXV “Beeshterah” = Beeshterah. Related to “son” in v1 & “Benjamin” in v4 & “Reuben” in v7 & “Beth-shemesh” in v16 & “Beth-horon” in v22. 1x in OT. Perhaps from bayit (see note XCVI above) + Ashtoreth (Ashtoreth, Ashtaroth; a goddess); from ashath (to think) OR from ashtaroth (young, enlarge a flock); {from ashath (to think, concern) OR from ashar (to gain wealth, become rich, enrich; to accumulate)} OR from Akkadian Ishtar (Astarte, Ishtar); {probably related to Attar (Attar; a god similar to Venus)} + perhaps torah (Torah, instruction, law); {from yarah (to throw, shoot, be stunned; to flow as water so figuratively to instruct or teach)}} OR bayit (see above) + Ashtoreth (Ashtoreth, Ashtaroth; a goddess); {from Akkadian Ishtar (Mesopotamian goddess; Astarte, Ishtar) {probably related to Attar (Attar; a god similar to Venus)}}. This is Beeshterah, a city whose name may mean “house of Ashtoreth.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ashtoreth.html & https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Astaroth
^CXXXVI “tribe” = matteh. Same as “tribes” in v1. See note X above.
^CXXXVII “Kishion” = Qishyon. 2x in OT – 1x in Joshua 19 & 1x in Joshua 21. From qeshi (stubbornness, obstinacy); from qashah (to be fierce, cruel, dense, tough, severe). This is Kishion, a city whose name may mean “hard ground” or “hardness” or “hard place” or “very hard.” See  https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Kishion.html
^CXXXVIII “Daberath” = Daberath. Related to “said” in v2 & “Debir” in v15. 3x in OT– 2x in Joshua & 1x in 1 Chronicles. From dabar (see note XII above). This is Daberath, a city whose name means “you spoke” or “you spoke” or “you formalized” or “pasture.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Daberath.html

^CXXXIX “Jarmuth” = Yarmuth. 7x in OT– 6x in Joshua & 1x in Nehemiah. Perhaps from rum (to be high, rise, exalted, become proud, display, offer, present, set apart, extol; to rise in a literal or figurative sense). This is Jarmuth, a city whose name means “elevation,” heights” or “high.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Jarmuth.html
^CXL “En-gannim” = En gannim. Related to “Ain” in v16 & “Anathoth” in v18. 3x in OT. From Ayin (see note XCIV above) + gan (garden that is fenced in; an enclosure); {from ganan (to put a hedge around – generally, protect or defend; to cover or surround)}. This is En-gannim, the name of two places, which may mean “spring of a garden” or “fountain of gardens” or “fountained gardens” or “garden with fountains.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/EnGannim.html
^CXLI “tribe” = matteh. Same as “tribes” in v1. See note X above.
^CXLII “Mishal” = Mishal. 2x in OT– 1x in Joshua 19 & 1x in Joshua 21. From shaal (to ask, inquire, beg, borrow, desire, request; can also mean demand). This is Mishal, from a place whose name means “request.”
^CXLIII “Abdon” = Abdon. 8x in OT. From abad (to work, serve, compel; any kind of work; used causatively, can mean to enslave or keep in bondage). This is Abdon, the name of several people and a city. It may mean “servitude” or “place of work” or “working one” or “hard slavery.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Abdon.html

^CXLIV “Helkath” = Chelqath. 2x in OT– 1x in Joshua 19 & 1x in Joshua 21. From chelqah (smoothness; figuratively, a tract of land or other allotment or flattery); from cheleq (a division, lot, inheritance, legacy, or portion; a smooth tongue); {from chalaq (to be smooth in a figurative sense; can refer to the stones that were part of casting lots – hence, apportion, share, distribute; figuratively, it can also mean to flatter)}. This is Helkath, a city whose name may mean “portion” or “possession” or “smoothness” or “field.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Helkath.html
^CXLV “Rehob” = Rechob. 10x in OT. From rachab (to grow wide or enlarge in a literal or figurative sense; extend, relieve, rejoice, or speak boldly). This is Rehob or Rechob, meaning “width” or “wide place” or “open place” or “open place” or “open space” or “a street” or “market.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Rehob.html
^CXLVI “tribe” = matteh. Same as “tribes” in v1. See note X above.
^CXLVII “Kedesh” = Qedesh. 12x in OT. From the same as qodesh (set apart and so sacred; God is different from us and so God is holy/set apart; things we dedicate to God’s service are set apart for God and so they, too, are holy); related to qadash (set apart, consecrated, hallowed, sanctified; something or someone set apart for a holy purpose or use – ceremonially or morally clean). This is Kedesh or Qedesh, meaning “sanctuary” or “sanctum.”

^CXLVIII “Galilee” = Galil. 6x in OT. From galal (to roll in a literal or figurative sense, roll away, roll down, wallow, remove, trust). This is a circle, district, or ring. It is also Galilee.
^CXLIX “Hammoth-dor” = Chammoth dor. 1x in OT. From chammah (heat, which can imply the sun); {from cham (hot, warm); from chamam (to be warm, heat; to be hot in a literal or figurative sense, to mate)} + Dor (Dor, meaning “dwelling” or “habitation”); {from dur (to move in a circle, which implies living somewhere or remaining there; it can also be the sense of piling or heaping up)} OR from chammah (see above) + dor (a revolution of time, which is to say, an age or generation; a dwelling or one’s posterity); {from dur (see above)}. This is Hammoth-dor, a city whose name means “hot springs of Dor” or “place near the heat.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Dor.html & https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Hammoth-dor.html
^CL “Kartan” = Qartan. Related to “Kiriath-arba” in v11. 1x in OT. From qereth (a town or city); {from qarah (see note LXXV above)}. This is Kartan, a city whose name means “town” or “two cities.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Kartan.html
^CLI “three” = shalosh. Same as “thirteen” in v4. See note XXXVI above.

^CLII “families” = mishpachah. Same as “families” in v4. See note XXXI above.
^CLIII “Gershonites” = Gereshunni. Related to “pasturelands” in v2 & “Gershonites” in v6. 13x in OT. From Gereshon (see note L above). This is Gershonite.
^CLIV {untranslated} = iyr. Same as “towns” in v2. See note XXII above.
^CLV “Levites” = Leviyyi. Same as “Levites” in v1. See note III above.
^CLVI “families” = mishpachah. Same as “families” in v4. See note XXXI above.
^CLVII “tribe” = matteh. Same as “tribes” in v1. See note X above.

^CLVIII “Jokneam” = Yoqneam. 3x in OT– all in Joshua. Perhaps from qonen (a chant or song of lament – the wail during a funeral; can also refer to mourning women); {from qinah (dirge, lamentation; could be a lament with instruments or done while beating one’s breasts); from the same as qayin (spear)} + am (people or nation; a tribe, troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals); {from amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together)} OR from qana (to acquire, create) + am (see above). This is Jokneam, a city whose name means “the people will be lamented” or “let the people acquire” or “possessed of the people.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Jokneam.html
^CLIX “Kartah” = Qartah. Related to “Kiriath-arba” in v11 & “Kartan” in v32. 1x in OT. From qereth (see note CL above). This is Kartah, a city whose name means “city.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Kartah.html
^CLX “Dimnah” = Dimnah. 1x in OT. From the same as domen (dung). This is Dimnah, a city whose name means “dung heap.”
^CLXI “Nahalal” = Nahalal. 3x in OT– 2x in Joshua 19 & 1x in Judges 1. From nahal (leading or guiding – specifically to a resting place or somewhere where there is water; to refresh or feed, protect or sustain; in a sense of flowing, sparkling water). This is Nahalal.

^CLXII “tribe” = matteh. Same as “tribes” in v1. See note X above.
^CLXIII “Bezer” = Betser. 5x in OT. From the same as betser (precious ore, gold; literally, it is a clipping); from batsar (to cut off, fortify, gather, wall up, to be inaccessible). This is Bezer, a city whose name may mean “fortress” or “ore” or “gold ore” or “defense.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Bezer.html
^CLXIV“Jahzah” = Yahats. 9x in OT. Perhaps from a word that means to stamp. This is Jahaz or Yahats. It may mean “threshing floor.”
^CLXV “Kedemoth” = Qedemoth. 4x in OT. From the same as qedem (front, formerly, before, east, eternal, everlasting, antiquity); from qadam (to come in front or be in front and so meet, anticipate, confront, receive, or rise; to meet for help). This is Kedemoth or Qedemoth, meaning “beginnings,” “ancient lands,” “eastern territories,” “ancient place,” or “ancients.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Kedemoth.html
^CLXVI “Mephaath” = Mophaath. 4x in OT. From yapha (shine out beams, look favorably). This is Mephaath, a city whose name means “illuminative” or “place of residence” or “place of radiant theophany” or “splendor.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Mephaath.html 

^CLXVII “tribe” = matteh. Same as “tribes” in v1. See note X above.
^CLXVIII “Ramoth” = Ramoth gilad. Related to “Jarmuth” in v29. From rum (see note CXXXIX above) OR from ramoth (something very valuable, maybe coral); {from raam (to trouble, be agitated, irritated, angered; a peal of thunder)}. This is Ramoth, a city meaning “heights” or “high places” or “lofty place.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ramoth.html
^CLXIX “Gilead” = Gilad. Related to “Galilee” in v32. From gala (to lay bare, quarrel, expose) OR from gal’ed (heap of testimony); {from gal (wave, billow, rock pile; something rolled; a spring of water); {from galal (see note CXLVIII above)} + ed (witness, testimony, recorder); from ud (to admonish, repeat, duplicate, testify, restore, record, relieve)}}. This is Gilead, meaning “perpetual fountain” or “heap of testimony.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Gilead.html#.Xw_EFShKhPY.
^CLXX “Mahanaim” = Machanayim.  13x in OT. From machaneh (an encampment, whether of people traveling together or soldiers; a camp band or company; an army of soldiers; other groups like animals, angels or stars.); from chanah (to decline, bending down, or living in tents; can be camping to create a home or camping as a part of battle). This is Mahanaim, a city whose name means “two camps” or “double camp.”

^CLXXI “Heshbon” = Cheshbon. From chashab (properly, to braid or interpenetrate; literally, to create or to wear; figuratively, plotting – generally in a negative sense; think, consider, or make account of). This is Heshbon or Cheshbon, meaning “library of synthetic wisdom” or “intelligence” or “reason.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Heshbon.html
^CLXXII “Jazer” = Yazer. Related to “Eleazar” in v1. 13x in OT. From azar (see note VI above). This is Jazer or Yazer, meaning “helpful,” “he shall help,” or “whom the Lord helps.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Jazer.html
^CLXXIII “families” = mishpachah. Same as “families” in v4. See note XXXI above.
^CLXXIV “remainder” = yathar. Same as “rest…received” in v5. See note XLIII above.

^CLXXV “families” = mishpachah. Same as “families” in v4. See note XXXI above.
^CLXXVI “Levites” = Leviyyi. Same as “Levites” in v1. See note III above.
^CLXXVII “Levites” = Leviyyi. Same as “Levites” in v1. See note III above.
^CLXXVIII “within” = tavek. This is among, middle, in the midst, the center. Perhaps, properly, to sever.
^CLXXIX “forty” = arbaim. Related to “Kiriath-arba” in v11 & “four” in v18. From the same as arba (see note LXXV above). This is forty.
^CLXXX “eight” = shemoneh. Perhaps from shamen (to shine, which implies being oily, growing fat); from shaman (to grow fat, shine, be oily). This is eight or eighth. It can refer to abundance as being more than 7, the number of sacred fullness.

^CLXXXI “each” = iyr + iyr. Same as “towns” in v2. See note XXII above.
^CLXXXII “had” = hayah. Same as “were” in v4. See note XXXIII above.
^CLXXXIII “so” = ken. Perhaps from kun (properly, in a perpendicular position; literally, to establish, fix, fasten, prepare; figuratively, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous). This is to set upright. Generally used figuratively to mean thus, so, afterwards, rightly so.
^CLXXXIV “Israel” = Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v1. See note XI above.
^CLXXXV “swore” = shaba. Perhaps from sheba (seven – the number of perfection/sacred fullness). This is to swear, curse, vow, make a covenant. Properly, it can mean to be complete. This is to seven oneself – as in affirming something so strongly it is as though it were said seven times.
^CLXXXVI “ancestors” = ab. Same as “families” in v1. See note II above.

^CLXXXVII “taken possession” = yarash. This is inheriting or dispossessing. It refers to occupying or colonizing – taking territory by driving out the previous inhabitants and living there instead of them. By implication, it can mean to seize or rob, to expel, ruin, or impoverish.
^CLXXXVIII “settled” = yashab. Same as “live” In v2. See note XXIII above.
^CLXXXIX “gave…rest” = nuach. This is to rest, calm, camp, free, place, remain, satisfy, settle, station, or wait. It is rest and so implies settling down in a literal or figurative sense. This is perhaps the root verb of the name “Noah.”
^CXC “on every side” = sabib + kol. Sabib is the same as “around” in v11. See note LXXX above. Kolis the same as “all” in v19. See note CVI above.

^CXCI “one” = ish. Related to “Issachar” in v6. See note LII above.
^CXCII “enemies” = oyeb. From ayab (to hate or be hostile to). This is a foe or enemy as one that you are hostile to.
^CXCIII “withstood” = amad…paneh. Amad is to stand up in a literal or figurative sense. So it can be establish, continue, endure, take a stand, act, be a servant, stand still, remain, stand against an enemy. Paneh is related to “Jephunneh” in v12. From panah (see note LXXXIV above). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.
^CXCIV “hands” = yad. Same as {untranslated} in v2. See note XIX above.

^CXCV “one” = dabar. Related to “said” in v2 & “Debir” in v15 & “Daberath” in v28. From dabar (see note XII above). This is speech, a word, a matter, an affair, charge, command, message, promise, purpose, report, request. It is a word, which implies things that are spoken of in a wide sense.
^CXCVI “good” = tob. From tob (to be pleasing, to be good). This is good, beautiful, pleasant, agreeable, bountiful, at ease. This word is used for goodness as a concept, a good thing, a good person. This can refer to prosperity and welfare as well as joy, kindness, sweetness, and graciousness. So, this is ethically good, but also enjoyably good.
^CXCVII “promises” = dabar. Same as “one” is v45. See note CXCV above.

^CXCVIII “made” = dabar. Same as “said” in v2. See note XII above.
^CXCIX “house” = bayit. Related to “son” in v1 & “Benjamin” in v4 & “Reuben” in v7 & “Beth-shemesh” in v16 & “Beth-horon” in v22 & “Beeshterah” in v27. See note XCVI above.
^CC “failed” = naphal. This is to fall, whether by accident, to fall prostrate, or to fall in violent death. Figuratively, it can refer to personal ruin or calamity, a city falling, an attack or a falling away. It can also be a deep sleep or wasting away.
^CCI “came to pass” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.