Joshua 7

^I “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Literally, “children of Israel.” Ben is from banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense. Yisrael is from sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (God or god). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.
^II “broke faith” = maal…maal. Maal is to be or behave in a way that is unfaithful, to violate or transgress. It can also mean to cover up. Maal is related to “broke faith” in v1. From maal (see above). This is treachery, lie, unfaithful action, or sin.
^III “devoted things” = cherem. From charam (to ban, destroy, devote, seclude; to dedicate to a religious purpose, often for destruction). This is something shut in like a net. Figuratively, it refers to something that is devoted to God or under a ban, often for destruction.

^IV “Achan” = Akan. 6x in OT. Perhaps from achana (serpent) or from a root meaning to trouble. This is Achan, a name that means “troublesome” or “serpent.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Achan.html
^V “son” = ben. Same as “Israelites” in v1. See note I above.
^VI “Carmi” = Karmi. 8x in OT. From the same as kerem (vineyard, garden, vines, or a vintage). This is Carmi, a name meaning “gardener,” “vinedresser,” or “my vineyard.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Carmi.html
^VII “Zabdi” = Zabdi. 6x in OT. From zebed (gift, dowry, endowment); from zabad (to bestow, confer, endure). This is Zabdi, a name that means “gift” or “giving.”
^VIII“Zerah” = Zerach. From zarach (to rise, shine, or dawn; can also describe symptoms of leprosy). This is Zerah or Zerach. It is a name that means “rising” or “dawn.”

^IX “tribe” = matteh. From natah (to stretch or spread out, extend, bend). This is a staff, rod, branch, or tribe. It could be a rod for discipline or correction. It could be a scepter to indicate authority, a throwing lance, or a walking staff. Figuratively, it could also be something that supports life (like bread).
^X “Judah” = Yehudah. Probably from yadah (to throw one’s hands into the air in a gesture of praise); from yad (hand). This is Judah, meaning “praised.”
^XI “took” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^XII “anger” = aph. From anaph (to be angry; properly, breathing hard as a signifier of being enraged). This properly refers to the nose or nostril and by extension the face. It can specifically refer to anger or wrath as one breathes hard and nostrils flare in times of great anger.
^XIII “Lord” = YHVH. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (to come to pass, become, be). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.
^XIV “burned” = charah. Perhaps related to charar (to be hot, burn, glow, melt, be scorched; figuratively, to incite passion, be angry). This is to be displeased, burn with anger, glow, become warn. Figuratively it is a blaze of anger, zeal, or jealousy.

^XV “Joshua” = Yehoshua. Related to “Lord” in v1. From YHVH (see note XIII above) + yasha (to deliver, defend, help, preserve, rescue; properly, to be open, wide or free, which implies being safe. So, in a causative sense, this is to free someone).  This is Joshua, Jeshua, or Yehoshua, which means “the Lord is salvation.”
^XVI “sent” = shalach. This is to send out, away, send for, forsake. It can also mean to divorce or set a slave free.
^XVII “men” = ish. Perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is man, husband, another, or humankind.
^XVIII “Jericho” = Yericho. From yareach (moon); {from the same as yerach (month)} OR from ruach (smell, breathe, perceive, anticipate, accept, enjoy). This is Jericho meaning either “moon city” or “fragrant place.”
^XIX “Ai” = Ay. Perhaps from iy (a ruin or a heap as a place that was overturned); from avah (to bend, twist, be amiss). This is Ai, a city in Canaan. It means “ruin.”

^XX “Beth-aven” = Beyth Aven. Related to “Israelites” in v1. 7x in OT. From bayit (house, court, family, palace, temple); {probably from banah (see note I above)} + aven (root may mean panting as one does when expending a lot of energy, especially when it comes to nothing; nothingness, trouble, sorrow, distress, wickedness, evil, harm, sorrow, misfortune, and mischief.; used specifically to refer to idols) OR from bayit (see above) + related to on (strength, power, ability, wealth, substance, or vigor); {perhaps related to aven (see above)}. This is Beth-aven, a place which may mean “house of vanity” or “house of trouble” or “house of wealth” or “house of iniquity” or “house of idolatry” or “house of strength.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Beth-aven.html
^XXI “east” = qedem. Perhaps from qadam (to come in front or be in front; to meet, anticipate, confront, receive, or rise; sometimes to meet for help). This is front, formerly, before, east, eternal, everlasting, antiquity.
^XXII “Bethel” = Betheel. Related to “Israelites” in v1 & “Beth-aven” in v2 & to “Israelites” in v1. From bayit (see note XX above) + El (see note I above). This is Bethel, literally meaning “house of God.”

^XXIII “said” = amar. This is to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report.
^XXIV {untranslated} = amar. Same as “said” in v2. See note XXIII above.
^XXV “go up” = alah. This is to go up, approach, ascend, be high, be a priority; to arise in a literal or figurative sense.
^XXVI “spy out” = ragal. From regel (foot, endurance, or journey; a foot as the means of walking and so it implies a step or a greater journey; can euphemistically mean private parts). This is to walk along, spy out, slander.
^XXVII “land” = erets. Root may mean to be firm. This is earth, ground, field land, or country.

^XXVIII “returned” = shub. To turn back, return, turn away – literally or figuratively. Doesn’t necessarily imply going back to where you started from. This is also the root verb for the Hebrew word for repentance “teshubah.”
^XXIX “all” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.
^XXX “people” = am. From amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together). This is people or nation. It can be used specifically for a tribe, collectively of troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals.
^XXXI “two” = eleph. Perhaps from the same as eleph (herd, cattle); from alaph (to learn, speak, associate with). This is thousand.
^XXXII {untranslated} = ish. Same as “men” in v2. See note XVII above.

^XXXIII “three” = shalosh. This is three, fork, three times.
^XXXIV “thousand” = eleph. Same as “two” in v3. See note XXXI above.
^XXXV “attack” = nakah. This is to hit whether lightly or severely. It can be used in a literal or figurative sense. So, this could be beat, punish, give wounds, kill, or slaughter.
^XXXVI “few” = me’at. From ma’at (being or becoming small, decrease, diminish, pare off). This is a little or few, lightly little while, very small matter.
^XXXVII “whole” = kol. Same as “all” in v3. See note XXIX above.
^XXXVIII “toil” = yaga. This is to work, become weary, to gasp or be exhausted, to toil.

^XXXIX {untranslated} = ish. Same as “men” in v2. See note XVII above.
^XL “fled” = nus. This is to flee, vanish away, hide, escape, be displayed.
^XLI “before” = paneh. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.
^XLII “men” = enosh. Related to “men” in v2. See note XVII above.
^XLIII “killed” = nakah. Same as “attack” in v3. See note XXXV above.

^XLIV “thirty” = sheloshim. Related to “three” in v3. From the same as shalosh (see note XXXIII above). This is thirty or thirtieth.
^XLV “six” = shesh. This is six. Figuratively, it can be a surplus since it is one more than the number of fingers on the hand.
^XLVI {untranslated} = ish. Same as “men” in v2. See note XVII above.
^XLVII “chasing” = radaph. This is to chase after, pursue, hunt, or persecute. It is running after someone or something, generally with hostile motives.
^XLVIII “from” = paneh. Same as “before” in v4. See note XLI above.
^XLIX “gate” = shaar. May be related to sha’ar (to calculate or reckon; may come from a root that means to open up or split). This is a gate, door, or other opening like a port.

^L “Shebarim” = Shebarim. 1x in OT. From sheber (a fracture, breach, collapse, brokenness, ruin, affliction, bruise. It can also be an interpretation of a dream or a vexation); from shabar (break, collapse, destroy, break in pieces, tear; bursting in a literal or figurative sense) This is Shebarim, a city whose name may mean “quarries” or “ruins.”
^LI “slope” = morad. 5x in OT. From yarad (to go down, descend; going down in a literal or figurative sense; going to the shore or a boundary, bringing down an enemy). This is a slope, descent, or hanging (as in architecture).
^LII “hearts” = lebab. May be related to labab (to encourage; properly, to be encased as with fat; used in a good sense, this means to transport someone with love; used in a bad sense, it can mean to dull one’s senses). This is the heart, courage, one’s inner self, the mind, or the will. Heart is only used in a figurative sense in the Old and New Testaments.

^LIII “melted” = masas. This is to melt, discourage, faint. It can be to deteriorate from a sickness or weaken because of sleepiness or an emotional response.
^LIV “turned” = hayah. Related to “Lord” in v1 & “Joshua” in v2. See note XIII above.
^LV “water” = mayim. This is water, waters, or waterway in a general sense. Figuratively, it can also mean juice, urine, or semen.
^LVI “tore” = qara. This is to tear or cut out in a literal or figurative sense. It can also be to revile or to apply eye make up – as though they are made to look larger.
^LVII “clothes” = simlah. Perhaps from semel (image, figure, likeness). This is mantle, clothes, wrapper.

^LVIII “fell” = naphal. This is to fall, whether by accident, to fall prostrate, or to fall in violent death. Figuratively, it can refer to personal ruin or calamity, a city falling, an attack or a falling away. It can also be a deep sleep or wasting away.
^LIX “ground” = erets. Same as “land” in v2. See note XXVII above.
^LX “face” = paneh. Same as “before” in v4. See note XLI above.
^LXI “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v4. See note XLI above.
^LXII “ark” = aron. Perhaps from arah (to gather or pluck). This is a chest, box, or coffin. It is used for the Ark of the Covenant.
^LXIII “evening” = ereb. This is evening, night, dusk.

^LXIV “elders” = zaqen. From the same as zaqan (beard or chin – the beard represents old age). This is old, aged, or elder.
^LXV “put” = alah. Same as “go up” in v2. See note XXV above.
^LXVI “dust” = aphar. May be related to aphar (to throw dust, be dust). This is dust as powdered, perhaps gray colored. It could be ashes, powder, ground, dry earth, clay mud, or rubbish.
^LXVII “heads” = rosh. This may come a word that means to shake. It is the head, captain, or chief. It can also be excellent or the forefront. It can be first in position or in statue or in time (i.e. the beginning).

^LXVIII “ah” = ahah. 15x in OT. This is alas or ah. It can be an exclamation of pain.
^LXIX “Lord” = Adonai. From adon (lord, master, owner); root means to rule or be sovereign. This is the actual Hebrew word for Lord used (in a different form) of humans and (in the present form) of God. It means someone who is in control.
^LXX “God” = YHVH. Related to “Lord” in v1 & “Joshua” in v2 & “turned” in v5. From the same as YHVH (see note XIII above). This is a secondary spelling of the Lord, the name of the God of Israel. It has the same meaning.
^LXXI “Jordan” = Yarden. Related to “slope” in v5. From yarad (see note LI above). This is the Jordan River, meaning “descending.”
^LXXII “brought…at all” = abar + abar. This is to pass over or cross over. It is used for transitions, whether literal or figurative. It can also mean to escape, alienate, or fail. This is the root verb from which “Hebrew” is drawn. The word is repeated twice – the second time as an Infinitive Absolute. The Infinitive Absolute serves to emphasize the sentiment of the word. It is rather like Foghorn Leghorn’s speech pattern, “I said, I said.”

^LXXIII “hand…over” = natan + et + yad. Natan is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively. Yad is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.
^LXXIV “Amorites” = Emori. Related to “said” in v2. From amar (see note XXIII above). This is Amorite or Emori, perhaps meaning talkers.
^LXXV “destroy” = abad. To wander off, lose self. This implies to perish, destroy, die, vanish, or be broken or corrupt.
^LXXVI “would that” = lu. This is if, oh that. It is an interjection. It could indicate something one would like or a polite request.
^LXXVII “been content” = yaal. 19x in OT. This to be pleased or willing, determined, to take on something, to try, to do willingly, to begin. It can have the idea of assent or consent as well as continuing or persisting.

^LXXVIII “settle” = yashab. This is to sit and so to remain and so to dwell. It is sitting for any reason – as a judge, in order to ambush, or just sitting quietly. Causatively, this can mean settling or marrying. This can also mean continue, endure, or establish.
^LXXIX “beyond” = eber. Related to “brought…at all” in v7. From abar (see note LXXII above). This is the place across or beyond, by, from, other, the opposite side, against, over. It often refers to the other side of the Jordan river or toward the east.
^LXXX “o” = biy. 12x in OT. Perhaps from ba’ah (to inquire, search, boil, or swell out. Figuratively, it could be to sincerely desire). This is O, I pray – it is used to make a request or to speak to someone of higher social status. It is always followed by, “my lord.” In the Bible it is used in addressing a higher status human, an angel, and also God.
^LXXXI “Lord” = Adonai. Same as “Lord” in v7. See note LXIX above.

^LXXXII “now” = achar. From achar (to remain behind, linger, continue, be behind, or delay; can also imply procrastination). This is after or the last part, following.
^LXXXIII “turned” = haphak. This is to turn, overturn, change, return, turn over, pervert.
^LXXXIV “backs” = oreph. This is the back of the neck – also used for stiff-necked. It is also used for the back more generally in a literal or figurative sense.
^LXXXV “to” = paneh. Same as “before” in v4. See note XLI above.
^LXXXVI “enemies” = oyeb. From ayab (to hate or be hostile to). This is a foe or enemy as one that you are hostile to.

^LXXXVII “Canaanites” = Knaaniy. From Kanaan (Canaan, his descendants, and the land where they settled; perhaps meaning lowlands, describing their land or subjugated in reference to being conquered by Egypt); from kana (to be humble, subdue; properly, bend the knee). This is Canaanite, which in some instances would imply a peddler or sometimes used in place of Ishmaelite. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaan
^LXXXVIII “inhabitants” = yashab. Same as “settle” in v7. See note LXXVIII above.
^LXXXIX “hear” = shama. This is to hear, call, consent, or consider. It implies listening intelligently, giving attention, and, because of these two factors, obedience and action are often implied.
^XC “surround” = sabab. This is turning around, going around; to surround, cast, walk, fetch. It is to revolve or border in a literal or figurative sense.

^XCI “cut off” = karat. This is to cut down, cut off, or make a covenant (idiom for making a covenant is “to cut a covenant”). It can also mean to destroy, fail, or consume.
^XCII “name” = shem. May be from sum (to put, place, set). This is name, fame, renown. A name was thought to indicate something essential about a person – something about their individuality. So, this word can also mean honor, authority, or character.
^XCIII “earth” = erets. Same as “land” in v2. See note XXVII above.
^XCIV “do” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.
^XCV “great” = gadol. From gadal (to grow up, become great, become wealthy – to advance. The root meaning may be to twist in the sense of the process of growing). This is great, high, bigger, noble, old, marvelous. It can also refer to someone who is powerful or distinguished.

^XCVI “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XIII above.
^XCVII “stand up” = qum. To arise, stand, accomplish, establish, abide. This is rising as in rising against, getting up after being sick or asleep, arising from one state to another, becoming powerful, or rising for action. It can also be standing in a figurative sense.
^XCVIII “sinned” = chata. This is properly to miss, and so figuratively it is used for sinning, bearing the blame. It implies a forfeiture or loss of something.
^XCIX {untranslated} = gam. This is also, moreover, again.
^C “transgressed” = abar. Same as “brought…at all” in v7. See note LXXII above.
^CI “covenant” = berit. Perhaps from barah (to eat, choose, make clear); perhaps from bar (grain, wheat); from barar (to select, purify, cleanse, test, brighten, polish). This is a compact, covenant, alliance, treaty, or league.

^CII “imposed” = tsavah. This is to charge, command, order, appoint, or enjoin. This is the root that the Hebrew word for “commandment” comes from (mitsvah).
^CIII {untranslated} = gam. Same as {untranslated} in v11. See note XCIX above.
^CIV {untranslated} = gam. Same as {untranslated} in v11. See note XCIX above.
^CV “stolen” = ganab. This is to steal in a stealthy way rather than through violence. It can also mean to deceive. There is a Yiddish word ganef that derives from this root. It means thief or scoundrel.
^CVI {untranslated} = gam. Same as {untranslated} in v11. See note XCIX above.

^CVII “acted deceitfully” = kachash. This is deceive, fail, or deny. It can be lying or disappointing. It can also mean becoming lean or cringe.
^CVIII {untranslated} = gam. Same as {untranslated} in v11. See note XCIX above.
^CIX “put” = sum. Related to “name” in v9. See note XCII above.
^CX “belongings” = keli. From kalah (to end, be finished, complete, prepare, consume, spent, or completely destroyed). This is something that was prepared – any implement, utensil, article, vessel, weapon, or instrument. Also includes jewels, weapons, bags, carriages, and furniture.

^CXI “are unable” = lo + yakol. Yakol is to be able, endure, overcome, prevail.
^CXII “stand” = qum. Same as “stand up” in v10. See note XCVII above.
^CXIII “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v4. See note XLI above.
^CXIV “turn” = panah. Related to “before” in v4. See note XLI above.
^CXV “to” = paneh. Same as “before” in v4. See note XLI above.
^CXVI “become” = hayah. Same as “turned” in v5. See note LIV above.
^CXVII “things devoted for destruction” = cherem. Same as “devoted things” in v1. See note III above.

^CXVIII “be” = hayah. Same as “turned” in v5. See note LIV above.
^CXIX “more” = yasaph. This is to add, increase, continue, exceed.
^CXX “destroy” = shamad. This is to demolish, destroy, perish, overthrow, pluck down.
^CXXI “among” = qereb. Perhaps from qarab (to come near or approach). This is among, in the midst, before, the center It is the inward part, whether literal or figurative. It can also be used for the heart, the site of thoughts and feelings. This word is also used as a technical term for the entrails of the animals who are sacrificed.

^CXXII “proceed” = qum. Same as “stand up” in v10. See note XCVII above.
^CXXIII “sanctify” = qadash. From qodesh (set apart and so sacred; God is different from us and so God is holy/set apart; things we dedicate to God’s service are set apart for God and so they, too, are holy). This is set apart, consecrated, hallowed, sanctified. This is something or someone that is set apart for a holy purpose or use – ceremonially or morally clean.
^CXXIV “tomorrow” = machar. Related to “now” in v8. Perhaps from achar (see note LXXXII above). This is tomorrow or later. It is some kind of deferred time, so it could also mean indefinitely or refer to the time to come.

^CXXV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XIII above.
^CXXVI “God” = Elohim. Related to “Israelites” in v1 & “Bethel” in v2. See note I above.
^CXXVII “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v4. See note XLI above.
^CXXVIII “take away” = sur. This is to turn aside in a literal or figurative sense – to depart, decline, rebel, remove, or withdraw.
^CXXIX “morning” = boqer. From baqar (to seek, plow, break forth, admire, care for). This refers to the break of day. So it is dawn, early, morning, or morrow.
^CXXX “come forward” = qarab. Related to “among” in v12. See note CXXI above.
^CXXXI “tribe” = shebet. This is a rod, staff, club, scepter, dart, or tribe. Literally a stick that can be used for punishing, writing, fighting, walking, ruling; thus, used figuratively for a clan.

^CXXXII {untranslated} = hayah. Same as “turned” in v5. See note LIV above.
^CXXXIII “tribe” = shebet. Same as “tribe” in v14. See note CXXXI above.
^CXXXIV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XIII above.
^CXXXV “takes” = lakad. This is to capture, seize, or imprison. It is to catch something in a snare or net or trap. It can also mean to occupy of select something by casting lots.
^CXXXVI “come near” = qarab. Same as “come forward” in v14. See note CXXX above.
^CXXXVII “clans” = mishpachah. From the same as shiphcah (maid, maidservant); root means to spread out. This is one’s circle of relatives – clan, family, kindred.

^CXXXVIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XIII above.
^CXXXIX “takes” = lakad. Same as “takes” in v14. See note CXXXIV above.
^CXL “households” = bayit. Related to “Israelites” in v1 & “Beth-aven” and “Bethel” in v2. See note XX above.
^CXLI “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XIII above.
^CXLII “takes” = lakad. Same as “takes” in v14. See note CXXXIV above.
^CXLIII “one” = geber. From gabar (to be strong or mighty; to prevail or to be insolent) This is man, warrior, a person generally, or a valiant person.

^CXLIV {untranslated} = hayah. Same as “turned” in v5. See note LIV above.
^CXLV “taken” = lakad. Same as “takes” in v14. See note CXXXIV above.
^CXLVI “burned” = saraph + esh. Saraph is to burn or kindle. This is the root that “seraphim” comes from. Esh is fire, burning, flaming, hot. It is fire in a literal or figurative sense.
^CXLVII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XIII above.
^CXLVIII “outrageous thing” = nebalah. 13x in OT. From nabal (to be foolish, senseless, fall away, faint, wither, to be wicked, disgrace). This is foolishness, disgrace, folly, outrage, villainy, a crime or punishment. Used frequently of sexual sin, but not always.

^CXLIX “rose early” = shakam. This is leaning one’s shoulder into a burden or load, whether a person or an animal. Thus, it meant starting or rising early.
^CL “brought…near” = qarab. Same as “come forward” in v14. See note CXXX above.
^CLI “tribe” = shebet. Same as “tribe” in v14. See note CXXXI above.
^CLII “tribe” = shebet. Same as “tribe” in v14. See note CXXXI above.
^CLIII “taken” = lakad. Same as “takes” in v14. See note CXXXIV above.
^CLIV “Zerahites” = Zarchi. Related to “Zerah” in v1. 6x in OT. From Zerach (see note VIII above). This is Zerahite or someone descended from Zerah.
^CLV “taken” = lakad. Same as “takes” in v14. See note CXXXIV above.

^CLVI “households” = geber. Same as “one” in v14. See note CXLII above.
^CLVII “taken” = lakad. Same as “takes” in v14. See note CXXXIV above.
^CLVIII “tribe” = matteh. Same as “tribe” in v1. See note IX above.
^CLIX “taken” = lakad. Same as “takes” in v14. See note CXXXIV above.
^CLX “give” = sim. Same as “put” in v11. See note CIX above.
^CLXI {untranslated} = na. This particle is used for requests or for urging. It can be we pray, now, I ask you, oh. This is the same “na” in “hosanna.”
^CLXII “glory” = kabod. From kabad (to be heavy, weighty, burdensome). This is weighty. Figuratively, glorious, abundant, riches, honor, splendor – a reference to one’s reputation or character. This word is often used to describe God and God’s presence.

^CLXIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XIII above.
^CLXIV “God” = Elohim. Same as “God” in v13. See note CXXVI above.
^CLXV “make” = natan. Same as “hand…over” in v7. See note LXXIII above.
^CLXVI “confession” = todah. Related to “Judah” in v1. From yadah (see note X above). This is properly extending one’s hand, which implies affirmation and adoration. It can be a song of thanksgiving, a choir of thanksgiving, confession, or praise. It can also be a thank offering.
^CLXVII “tell” = nagad. This is to declare, make conspicuous, stand in front, manifest, predict, explain.
^CLXVIII “now” = na. Same as {untranslated} in v19. See note CLXI above.
^CLXIX “hide” = kachad. This is to hide or conceal or destroy. It can also refer to doing secret actions or secret speech.

^CLXX “answered” = anah. This is answer, respond, announce, sing, shout, or testify. It means to pay attention, which implies responding and, by extension, starting to talk. Used in a specific sense for singing, shouting, testifying, etc.
^CLXXI {untranslated} = amar. Same as “said” in v2. See note XXIII above.
^CLXXII “true” = omnah. 2x in OT. From omen (faithfulness, truth); from aman (to believe, endure, fulfill, confirm, support, be faithful, put one’s trust in, be steadfast; figuratively, to be firm, steadfast, or faithful, trusting, believing, being permanent, morally solid). This is truly, indeed, actually.
^CLXXIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XIII above.
^CLXXIV “God” = Elohim. Same as “God” in v13. See note CXXVI above.

^CLXXV “saw” = raah. This is to see in a literal or figurative sense so stare, advise, think, view.
^CLXXVI “spoil” = shalal. From shalal (to plunder, loot, capture). This is spoil, prey, or plunder.
^CLXXVII “a” = echad. Perhaps from achad (to unify, continue on a path; figuratively, to gather one’s thoughts). This is the number one, first, united. It can also be alone, altogether, a certain, a few.
^CLXXVIII “beautiful” = tob. From tob (to be pleasing, to be good). This is good, beautiful, pleasant, agreeable, bountiful, at ease. This word is used for goodness as a concept, a good thing, a good person. This can refer to prosperity and welfare as well as joy, kindness, sweetness, and graciousness. So, this is ethically good, but also enjoyably good.
^CLXXIX “mantle” = addereth. 12x in OT– this is the word used for the mantle that passes from Elijah to Elisha. From addir (majestic, excellent, mighty, powerful, or noble); from adar (wide, glorious, honorable, great, magnificent). This is something ample – glory, splendid, goodly. It could also refer to a cloak, robe, or garment.

^CLXXX “Shinar” = Shinar. 8x in OT– 4x in Gen, 1x in Jos, 1x in Isa, 1x in Dan, and 1x in Zech. This is the word used for Babylon in the Tower of Babel story. May be a corruption of Hebrew for two rivers or two cities. May also be a form of the Akkadian Shumeru (Sumer – what the Akkadians called the non-Semitic speaking peoples of Mesopotamia who called themselves ug sag gig ga or sang-ngiga. Lit. the black-headed people. These people called their land kiengi – the place of the noble lords). See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinar & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumer
^CLXXXI “two hundred” = meah. This is hundred or some number times one hundred (i.e. hundredfold or the base of two hundred, three hundred, etc.).
^CLXXXII “shekels” = sheqel. From shaqal (to weigh, spend, trade). This is shekel or sheqel. It is a unit of weight, generally used in trade.
^CLXXXIII “silver” = keseph. From kasaph (to long for, be greedy; to become pale). This is silver or money.

^CLXXXIV “a” = echad. Same as “a” in v21. See note CLXXVII above.
^CLXXXV “bar” = lashon. This is tongue, talker, language, or wedge. It can also be a tongue of flame or a water cove.
^CLXXXVI “gold” = zahab. Root may mean to shimmer. This is gold or something that has the color of gold like oil. It can also refer to a clear sky – to good weather.
^CLXXXVII “weighing” = mishqal. Related to “shekels” in v21. From shaqal (see note CLXXXII above). This is to weigh, or a unit of weight. It shares a root with the word “shekel.”
^CLXXXVIII “fifty” = chamishshim. From chamesh (five, fifth). This is fifty.
^CLXXXIX “coveted” = chamad. This is to desire or delight in someone or something. It can also mean something that is precious or coveted. So, it can also refer to lust.
^CXC “took” = laqach. Same as “took” in v1. See note XI above.

^CXCI {untranslated} = hinneh. From hen (lo! Behold! If, though; an expression of surprise). This is to draw attention, show suddenness or surprise, or to emphasize the importance of the coming statement. See! Lo! Behold!
^CXCII “lie hidden” = taman. This is to hide, bury, keep in reserve. It is hiding something by covering it.
^CXCIII “inside” = tavek. This is among, middle, in the midst, the center. Perhaps, properly, to sever.
^CXCIV “tent” = ohel. Perhaps from ahal (to shine, be clear). This is a tent, covering, home, or side pillar.
^CXCV “underneath” = tachat. This is underneath, below, the bottom, instead of.

^CXCVI “messengers” = malak. This is a messenger, an angel, or a deputy of some kind. Can be used for human messengers literally or for prophets, priests, or teachers as messengers of God. Also used for supernatural messengers i.e. angels.
^CXCVII “ran” = ruts. This is to run or rush, divide quickly, bring swiftly. It can also refer to a footman or guard.
^CXCVIII {untranslated} = hinneh. Same as {untranslated} in v21. See note CXCI above.
^CXCIX “hidden” = taman. Same as “lie hidden” in v21. See note CXCII above.

^CC “took” = laqach. Same as “took” in v1. See note XI above.
^CCI “out of” = tavek. Same as “inside” in v21. See note CXCIII above.
^CCII “brought” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^CCIII “spread…out” = yatsaq. This is to pour out, flow, wash away, or overflow. It can imply melting as one does to cast metal. By extension, it can refer to something being steadfast, stiffened, firmly in place.
^CCIV “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v4. See note XLI above.
^CCV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XIII above.

^CCVI “took” = laqach. Same as “took” in v1. See note XI above.
^CCVII “daughters” = bat. Related to “Israelites” in v1 & “Beth-aven” and “Bethel” in v2 & “households” in v14. From ben (see note I above). This is daughter in a literal or figurative sense.
^CCVIII “oxen” = shor. Perhaps from shur (to travel, turn, journey; travelling like a prostitute or a merchant). This is bull, ox, head of cattle, cow.
^CCIX “donkeys” = chamor. From chamar (to be red, blush). This is a male donkey.

^CCX “sheep” = tson. This is a flock of sheep and goats.
^CCXI “brought…up” = alah. Same as “go up” in v2. See note XXV above.
^CCXII “Valley” = emeq. From amoq (to be deep in a literal or figurative sense; profound). This is Vale or valley – frequently part of place names.
^CCXIII “Achor” = Akor. 5x in OT. From akar (properly to stir water – figuratively, to trouble, harm, afflict, or worsen). This is Achor or Akor, a place whose name means “disturbance” or “troubled.”

^CCXIV “bring trouble” = akar. Related to “Achor” in v24. 14x in OT. See note CCXIII above.
^CCXV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XIII above.
^CCXVI “today” = yom. Root may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.
^CCXVII “stoned” = ragam…eben. Ragam is 16x in OT. It is to kill using thrown stones. Eben is a stone, weight, or mason. It is part of the word “Ebenezer.”
^CCXVIII “fire” = esh. Same as “burned” in v15. See note CXLVI above.
^CCXIX “cast” = saqal. Properly, this means being weighty. However, it is used for stoning someone (to death) or for removing stones.
^CCXX “stones” = eben. Same as “stoned” in v25. See note CCXVII above.

^CCXXI “raised” = qum. Same as “stand up” in v10. See note XCVII above.
^CCXXII “heap” = gal. From galal (to roll, roll away, wallow, commit, remove; rolling in a literal or figurative sense). This is a wave, billow, rock pile, something rolled, a spring of water.
^CCXXIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XIII above.
^CCXXIV “turned” = shub. Same as “returned” in v3. See note XXVIII above.
^CCXXV “burning” = charon. Related to “burned” in v1. From charah (see note XIV above). This is burning anger, fierceness, or wrathfulness.

^CCXXVI “therefore” = ken. Perhaps from kun (properly, in a perpendicular position; literally, to establish, fix, fasten, prepare; figuratively, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous). This is to set upright. Generally used figuratively to mean thus, so, afterwards, rightly so.
^CCXXVII {untranslated} = shem. Same as “name” in v9. See note XCII above.
^CCXXVIII “place” = maqom. Related to “stand up” in v10. From qum(see note XCVII above). This is a standing, which is to say a spot or space a place. It can also refer to a locality or a physical/mental condition. HaMaqom is also a Jewish name for God – the place, i.e. the Omnipresent One.
^CCXXIX “called” = qara. This is to call or call out – to call someone by name. Also used more broadly for calling forth.