Judges 15

^I {untranslated} = hayah. This is to be or become, to happen.
^II “while” = yom. Root may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.
^III “time” = yom. Same as “while” in v1. See note II above.
^IV “wheat” = chittah. Perhaps from chanat (to spice, ripen, embalm). This is wheat, referring to the plant or its product.
^V “harvest” = qatsiyr. From qatsar (to cut down, be short, reap, curtail; used especially for harvesting grass or grain; figuratively, to be discouraged or grieve). This is branch, harvest, one who harvests. Properly, this means severed, reaped. It is the crop being harvested, the time of harvest or the one who harvests. It can also be a bough.

^VI “Samson” = Shimshon. From the same as shemesh (sun or toward the east; root may mean being brilliant; figuratively, a ray or an arch). This is Samson, a name meaning “sunlight” or “sun-like.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Samson.html
^VII “visit” = paqad. This is to attend to or visit – can be used for a friendly or violent encounter. So, it can be to oversee, care for, avenge, or charge.
^VIII “wife” = ishshah. From ish (man); perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is woman, wife, or female.
^IX “kid” = gedi + ez. Gedi is 16x in OT. From the same as gadah (a bank or border of a river or stream). This is a young goat. Ez is perhaps from azaz (to be strong in a literal or figurative sense, overcome, be impudent). This is a female goat, but can refer to male goats when plural.

^X “said” = amar. This is to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report.
^XI “go” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^XII “room” = cheder. From chadar (to surround or enclose; a room as enclosed; also, by analogy, besieging). This is a chamber or room that is private. Can mean the innermost chamber of a house.
^XIII “father” = ab. This is father, chief, or ancestor. It is father in a literal or figurative sense.
^XIV “allow” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.

^XV “was sure” = amar + amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note X above. The word is repeated twice – the first time as an Infinitive Absolute. The Infinitive Absolute serves to emphasize the sentiment of the word. It is rather like Foghorn Leghorn’s speech pattern, “I said, I said.”
^XVI “rejected” = sane + sane. This is to hate, an enemy. It is a personal hatred and not an abstract one. The word is repeated twice – the first time as an Infinitive Absolute. The Infinitive Absolute serves to emphasize the sentiment of the word. It is rather like Foghorn Leghorn’s speech pattern, “I said, I said.”
^XVII “gave” = natan. Same as “allow” in v1. See note XIV above.
^XVIII “companion” = merea. 7x in OT. – including 3x of Samson’s companions in Judges 14 & 15. From raah (to associate with someone, cultivate). This is friend, adviser, or companion.

^XIX “younger” = qatan. From quwt (grieved, cut off, to detest). This is least, small, young, little one. It is literally smaller whether in amount or size. Figuratively it is smaller in the sense of younger or less important.
^XX “sister” = achot. From the same as ach (brother, kindred, another, other, like). This is sister in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean another or together.
^XXI “prettier” = tob. From tob (to be pleasing, to be good). This is good, beautiful, pleasant, agreeable, bountiful, at ease. This word is used for goodness as a concept, a good thing, a good person. This can refer to prosperity and welfare as well as joy, kindness, sweetness, and graciousness. So, this is ethically good, but also enjoyably good.

^XXII “take” = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note I above.
^XXIII {untranslated} = na. This particle is used for requests or for urging. It can be we pray, now, I ask you, oh. This is the same “na” in “hosanna.”
^XXIV “instead” = tachat. This is underneath, below, the bottom, instead of.
^XXV “time” = paam. From paam (to move, trouble; to tap in a regular rhythm; to agitate). This is a beat, stroke, footstep, or occurrence.
^XXVI “do” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.

^XXVII “mischief” = ra’. From ra’a’ (to be evil, bad, afflict; properly, to spoil – to destroy by breaking into pieces; figuratively, to cause something to be worthless; this is bad in a physical, social, or moral sense; that which displeases, to do harm or mischief, to punish or vex). This is bad, disagreeable, that which causes pain, misery, something having little or no value, something that is ethically bad, wicked, injury, calamity. This refers to anything that is not what it ought to be – a natural disaster, a disfigurement, an injury, a sin.
^XXVIII “Philistines” = Pelishti. From Pelesheth (Philistia); from palash (to mourn, wallow, maybe roll in). This is Philistines. Their name may mean “griever” or “burrower” or “weakener.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Philistine.html.
^XXIX “be without blame” = naqah. This is to be empty, cleanse, acquit, blameless, immune, innocent. It is to be clean or to make clean in a literal or figurative sense. It can also be bare in a negative sense, destroyed.

^XXX “went” = halak. This is go, come, walk. It is walk literally and figuratively and includes people and animals. It can be used figuratively for one’s moral life – how we walk according to God’s way or against it. It can also refer to the walk of life as in the course one’s life takes, the choices we make, etc.
^XXXI “caught” = lakad. This is to capture, seize, or imprison. It is to catch something in a snare or net or trap. It can also mean to occupy of select something by casting lots.
^XXXII “three” = shalosh. This is three, fork, three times.
^XXXIII “hundred” = meah. This is hundred or some number times one hundred (i.e. hundredfold or the base of two hundred, three hundred, etc.).
^XXXIV “foxes” = shual. 7x in OT. May be from the same as sho’al (to hollow, the palm, a handful). This is a fox or jackal. Refers to an animal that spends its time in ruins or wastelands and eats carrion.

^XXXV “took” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^XXXVI “torches” = lappid. 14x in OT. Root may mean to shine. This is torch, lamp, or flash of lightning.
^XXXVII “turned” = panah. This is to turn, regard, appear, look, prepare.
^XXXVIII “tail” = zanab. 11x in OT. Perhaps from zanb (to curtail, cut a tail off, attack from behind; perhaps from a word meaning to wag). This is a tail or stub – in a literal or figurative sense.

^XXXIX “put” = sim. This is to put or place in a literal or figurative sense. It can be appoint, care, change, make, and may other things.
^XL “a” = echad. Perhaps from achad (to unify, continue on a path; figuratively, to gather one’s thoughts). This is the number one, first, united. It can also be alone, altogether, a certain, a few.
^XLI “between” = bayin…tavek. Bayin is from bin (to discern, consider, attend to; distinguishing things in one’s mind or, more generally, to understand). This is among, between, interval. Tavek is among, middle, in the midst, the center. Perhaps, properly, to sever.
^XLII “pair” = shenayim. From sheni (double, again, another, second); from shanah (to fold, repeat, double, alter, or disguise). This is two, both, second, couple.

^XLIII “set” = baar. This is to burn, consume, heat, remove. It can also be to consume by a fire or through eating, being brutish or wasting.
^XLIV “fire” = esh. This is fire, burning, flaming, hot. It is fire in a literal or figurative sense.
^XLV “let…go” = shalach. This is to send out, away, send for, forsake. It can also mean to divorce or set a slave free.
^XLVI “standing grain” = qamah. 10x in OT. From qum (to arise, stand, accomplish, establish, abide; rising against, getting up after being sick or asleep, arising from one state to another, becoming powerful, or rising for action; standing in a figurative sense). This is something that arises, a stalk. It is used for grains.

^XLVII “burned up” = baar. Same as “set” in v5. See note XLIII above.
^XLVIII “shocks” = gadiysh. 4x in OT. This is a heap of sheaves. Figuratively, it can refer to a tomb.
^XLIX “vineyards” = kerem. This is a vineyard, garden, vines, or a vintage.
^L “olive groves” = zayit. This is olive tree, grove, or other parts of the olive tree like the branch or berry.
^LI “asked” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note X above.

^LII “son-in-law” = chatan. From chathan (to ally in marriage; to give one’s daughter away in marriage). This is bridegroom, husband, or son-in-law.
^LIII “Timnite” = Timni. 1x in OT. From Timnah (Timnah, the name of several cities, meaning “territory” or “allotted portion”); from manah (to weigh out, reckon, count, number, set, tell. By implication, it is allotting or providing something officially). This is Timnite – someone from Timnah. See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Timnah.html
^LIV “taken” = laqach. Same as “took” in v4. See note XXXV above.
^LV “came up” = alah. This is to go up, approach, ascend, be high, be a priority; to arise in a literal or figurative sense.
^LVI “burned” = saraph…esh. Saraph is to burn or kindle. This is the root that “seraphim” comes from. Esh is the same as “fire” in v5. See note XLIV above.

^LVII “swear…not stop” = chadal. This is properly to be flabby – it implies, to stop, fall, end, rest, leave alone, forsake, or desist. Figuratively this can be lacking or idle.
^LVIII “until” = achar. From achar (to remain behind, linger, continue, be behind, or delay; can also imply procrastination). This is after or the last part, following.
^LIX “taken revenge” = naqam. This is to avenge, punish, have a grudge, execute.
^LX “struck…down” = nakah. This is to hit whether lightly or severely. It can be used in a literal or figurative sense. So, this could be beat, punish, give wounds, kill, or slaughter.
^LXI “hip” = shoq. 19x in OT. Perhaps from shuq (to overflow, run after). This is leg, thigh, or hip.
^LXII “thigh” = yarek. Root may mean to be soft. This is thigh, side, body, shank. It can be used figuratively for genitalia.

^LXIII “massive” = gadol. From gadal (to grow up, become great, become wealthy – to advance. The root meaning may be to twist in the sense of the process of growing). This is great, high, bigger, noble, old, marvelous. It can also refer to someone who is powerful or distinguished.
^LXIV “defeat” = makkah. Related to “struck…down” in v8. From nakah (see note LX above). This is a wound, injury, blow. Figuratively, it could be disaster, slaughter, or pestilence.
^LXV “went down” = yarad. This is to go down, descend; going down in a literal or figurative sense. It can be going to the shore or a boundary, bringing down an enemy.
^LXVI “stayed” = yashab. This is to sit and so to remain and so to dwell. It is sitting for any reason – as a judge, in order to ambush, or just sitting quietly. Causatively, this can mean settling or marrying. This can also mean continue, endure, or establish.
^LXVII “cleft” = saiph. 6x in OT. From saaph (to divide, cut off branches from a tree, top off); from seappah (branch, twig). This is fissure, branch, or cleft.

^LXVIII “rock” = sela. Root may mean being lofty. This is a rock, cliff, crag, mountain. It could be used figuratively for obstinance or to show God as a refuge. It can also more generally mean fortress or stronghold.
^LXIX “Etam” = Etham. 5x in OT. From ayit (bird of prey, hawk, predatory); from iyt (to fly, shriek; to swoop down on in a literal or figurative sense). This is Etam, a place whose name may mean “hawk-ground.”
^LXX “encamped” = chanah. This is decline, bending down, or living in tents. It can be camping to create a home or camping as a part of battle.
^LXXI “Judah” = Yehudah. Probably from yadah (to throw one’s hands into the air in a gesture of praise); from yad (hand). This is Judah, meaning “praised.”

^LXXII “made a raid” = natsah. This is to strike – to hit so that something is spread away. It can be abandon, cast away, neglect, spread, leave, thrust out.
^LXXIII “Lehi” = Lechi. 3x in OT – all in this passage. From the same as lechi (root may refer to softness; may be jawbone or cheek). This is Lehi, a place whose name means “cheek” or “jawbone.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Lehi.html
^LXXIV “men” = ish. Related to “wife” in v1. See note VIII above.
^LXXV “bind” = asar. This is to tie, yoke, bind, or fasten. It can mean to harness an animal, to join in fighting a battle, or to imprison someone.

^LXXVI “thousand” = eleph. Perhaps from the same as eleph (herd, cattle); from alaph (to learn, speak, associate with). This is thousand.
^LXXVII “know” = yada. This is to know, acknowledge, advise, answer, be aware, be acquainted with. Properly, this is to figure something out by seeing. It includes ideas of observation, recognition, and care about something. It can be used causatively for instruction, designation, and punishment.
^LXXVIII “are rulers” = mashal. This is to rule, reign, govern, have authority, wield.
^LXXIX “replied” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note X above.
^LXXX “so” = ken. Perhaps from kun (properly, in a perpendicular position; literally, to establish, fix, fasten, prepare; figuratively, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous). This is to set upright. Generally used figuratively to mean thus, so, afterwards, rightly so.

^LXXXI “come down” = yarad. Same as “went down” in v8. See note LXV above.
^LXXXII “hands” = yad. This is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.
^LXXXIII “answered” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note X above.
^LXXXIV “swear” = shaba. Perhaps from sheba (seven – the number of perfection/sacred fullness). This is to swear, curse, vow, make a covenant. Properly, it can mean to be complete. This is to seven oneself – as in affirming something so strongly it is as though it were said seven times.
^LXXXV “that…not” = pen. Related to “turned” in v4. Perhaps from panah (see note XXXVII above). This is lest, if, or.
^LXXXVI “attack” = paga. This is to meet or happen, whether unintentionally or of violence. It can also be plead, spare, reach, or intercede.

^LXXXVII {untranslated} = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note X above.
^LXXXVIII “only bind” = asar + asar. Same as “bind” in v10. See note LXXV above. The word is repeated twice – the first time as an Infinitive Absolute. The Infinitive Absolute serves to emphasize the sentiment of the word. It is rather like Foghorn Leghorn’s speech pattern, “I said, I said.”
^LXXXIX “kill” = mut…mut. This is to die in a literal or figurative sense. It can also refer to being a dead body. The word is repeated twice – the first time as an Infinitive Absolute. The Infinitive Absolute serves to emphasize the sentiment of the word. It is rather like Foghorn Leghorn’s speech pattern, “I said, I said.”

^XC “two” = shenayim. Same as “pair” in v4. See note XLII above.
^XCI “new” = chadash. From chadash (to renew or restore, to repair or rebuild). This is something fresh or new.
^XCII “ropes” = aboth. From abath (to weave, wind, or interlace). This is a cord, string, band, wreath, branch, or foliage.
^XCIII “brought…up” = alah. Same as “came up” in v6. See note LV above.

^XCIV “came” = bo. Same as “go” in v1. See note XI above.
^XCV “shouting” = rua. To break or destroy something so figuratively, an ear splitting sound such as a call of alarm or a joyful sound.
^XCVI “meet” = qirah. From the same as qara (to happen, meet, bring about). This is any kind of encounter, whether peaceful, hostile, or incidental. It can also mean help or seek.
^XCVII “spirit” = ruach. From ruach (smell, breathe, perceive, anticipate, accept, enjoy). This is breath, wind, air, cool, spirit. This is wind, which resembles the breath and so this can be used figuratively for life itself or being frail/mortal/impermanent. It can refer to the air of the sky or the spirit.
^XCVIII “Lord” = YHVH. Related to {untranslated} in v1. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (see note I above). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.

^XCIX “rushed” = tsalach. This is pushing forward in a literal or figurative sense. So it could be to break out, to come mightily, to rush, to go over. Figuratively, it could mean to prosper.
^C {untranslated} = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note I above.
^CI “arms” = zeroa. Perhaps from zara (to sow, scatter seed, conceive). This is the arm, shoulder, or foreleg of an animal. It is figuratively used for power, force, might, or help.
^CII “flax” = pesheth. 16x in OT. From the same as pash (extremity, continuing). This is flax or linen.
^CIII “caught” = baar. Same as “set” in v5. See note XLIII above.
^CIV “bonds” = esur. Related to “bind” in v10. 4x in OT. From asar (see note LXXV above). This is a bond or chain.
^CV “melted” = masas. This is to melt, discourage, faint. It can be to deteriorate from a sickness or weaken because of sleepiness or an emotional response.

^CVI “found” = matsa. This is to find, catch or acquire. It can also mean to come forth or appear. Figuratively, this can mean to meet or be together with.
^CVII “fresh” = tari. 2x in OT. May come from a word the refers to being damp. This would be dripping, fresh, raw.
^CVIII “jawbone” = lechi. Related to “Lehi” in v9. See note LXXIII above.
^CIX “donkey” = chamor. From chamar (to be red, blush). This is a male donkey.
^CX “reached down” = shalach + yad. Shalach is the same as “let…go” in v5. See note XLV above. Yad is the same as “hands” in v12. See note LXXXII above.
^CXI “took” = laqach. Same as “took” in v4. See note XXXV above.
^CXII “killed” = nakah. Same as “struck…down” in v8. See note LX above.

^CXIII “heaps” = chomer. From chamar (to boil up, ferment, be red befoul, trouble, daub). This is something that bubbles up like sea foam, mire, clay, a heap. It is also cement, mortar and a dry measure.
^CXIV “slain” = nakah. Same as “struck…down” in v8. See note LX above.
^CXV {untranslated} = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note I above.
^CXVI “finished” = kalah. This is to end, be finished, complete, prepare, consume, spent, or completely destroyed.
^CXVII “speaking” = dabar. This is generally to speak, answer, declare, or command. It might mean to arrange and so to speak in a figurative sense as arranging words.

^CXVIII “threw away” = shalak…yad. Shalak is to throw, fling, or hurl. It can also be to throw away in a literal or figurative sense. Yad is the same as “hands” in v12. See note LXXXII above.
^CXIX “place” = maqom. Related to “standing grain” in v5. From qum(see note XLVI above). This is a standing, which is to say a spot or space a place. It can also refer to a locality or a physical/mental condition. HaMaqom is also a Jewish name for God – the place, i.e. the Omnipresent One.
^CXX “called” = qara. This is to call or call out – to call someone by name. Also used more broadly for calling forth.
^CXXI “Ramath-lehi” = Ramath Lechi. Related to “Lehi” in v9 & “jawbone” in v15. 1x in OT. From ramah (height, high place; place where idolatry happens); {from rum (to be high, rise, exalt self, extol, be haughty; to rise literally or figuratively)} + lechi (see note LXXIII above). This is Ramath-lehi, a city whose name means “height of a jawbone” or “the high place of the jawbone” or “the casting away of the jawbone.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ramath-lehi.html

^CXXII “very” = meod. Perhaps from the same as uwd (firebrand, a poker). This is very, greatly, exceedingly. It can also mean vehemence, force, abundance.
^CXXIII “was…thirsty” = tsame. 10x in OT. This is to thirst in a literal or figurative sense.
^CXXIV “granted” = natan. Same as “allow” in v1. See note XIV above.
^CXXV “great” = gadol. Same as “massive” in v8. See note LXIII above.
^CXXVI “victory” = teshuah. From yasha (to deliver, defend, help, preserve, rescue; properly, to be open, wide or free, which implies being safe; to free someone). This is deliverance or salvation.
^CXXVII “servant” = ebed. From abad (to work, serve, compel; any kind of work; used causatively, can mean to enslave or keep in bondage). This is a servant, slave, or bondservant.

^CXXVIII “die” = mut. Same as “kill” in v14. See note LXXXIX above.
^CXXIX “thirst” = tsama. Related to “was…thirsty” in v18. 17x in OT. From tsame (see note CXXIII above). This is thirst in a literal or figurative sense. It could also refer to dry ground.
^CXXX “fall” = naphal. This is to fall, whether by accident, to fall prostrate, or to fall in violent death. Figuratively, it can refer to personal ruin or calamity, a city falling, an attack or a falling away. It can also be a deep sleep or wasting away.
^CXXXI “uncircumcised” = arel. From arel (to strip or expose, restrain; to remove in a literal or figurative sense). This is uncircumcised, unskilled, exposed, forbidden.

^CXXXII “God” = Elohim.
^CXXXIII “split open” = baqa. This is to break open, breach, divide, rip, shake, tear. It can also mean dash into pieces or being ready to burst.
^CXXXIV “hollow place” = maktesh. 2x in OT. From kathash (to pound, bray, butt). This is a hollow, mortar, or tooth socket.
^CXXXV “water” = mayim. This is water, waters, or waterway in a general sense. Figuratively, it can also mean juice, urine, or semen.
^CXXXVI “came” = yatsa. This is to go or come out, bring forth, appear. It is to go out in a literal or figurative sense.

^CXXXVII “drank” = shathah. This is to drink literally or figuratively. It could also be a drinker.
^CXXXVIII “returned” = shub. To turn back, return, turn away – literally or figuratively. Doesn’t necessarily imply going back to where you started from. This is also the root verb for the Hebrew word for repentance “teshubah.”
^CXXXIX “revived” = chayah. This is to live or keep alive in a literal or figurative sense. So, it can be revive, nourish, or save.
^CXL “therefore” = ken. Same as “So” in v11. See note LXXX above.

^CXLI “named” = qara + shem. Qara is the same as “called” in v17. See note CXX above. Shem is related to “put” in v4. May be from sim (see note XXXIX above). This is name, fame, renown. A name was thought to indicate something essential about a person – something about their individuality. So, this word can also mean honor, authority, or character.
^CXLII “En-hakkore” = En Haqqore. Related to “called” in v17. 1x in OT. From ayin (Ain; a place whose name means “spring” or “fountain”); {from the same as ayin (eye, appearance; eye in a literal or figurative sense; a fountain)} + qara (see note CXX above) OR from ayin (see above) + qore (partridge); {from qara (see above)}. This is En-hakkore, a place whose name may mean “spring of the one calling” or “fountain of one calling” or “the eye of the caller” or “partridge spring.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/En-hakkore.html
^CXLIII “day” = yom. Same as “while” in v1. See note II above.

^CXLIV “judged” = shaphat. This is to judge, defend, pronounce judgment, condemn, or govern. It can refer to God judging or to human judges. This is pronouncing a verdict in favor or against so it implies consequences or punishment. It can also mean to litigate or govern as one with authority.
^CXLV “Israel” = Yisrael. Related to “God” in v19. From sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (see note CXXXII above). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.
^CXLVI “twenty” = esrim. From the same as eser (ten, tenth). This is twenty or twentieth.
^CXLVII “years” = shanah. From shana (to change, alter). This is a year, age, old. It can also mean yearly.