Judges 20

^I “all” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.
^II “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Literally, “children of Israel.” Ben is from banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense. Yisrael is from sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (God or god). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.
^III “came out” = yatsa. This is to go or come out, bring forth, appear. It is to go out in a literal or figurative sense.

^IV “Dan” = Dan. From din (to judge, defend, dispute, govern, quarrel, plead). This is Dan or a Danite. It means “judge” and can refer to Dan, his tribe, or the lands of the tribe.
^V “Beer-sheba” = Beerah shaba. From beer (a well or pit); {from baar (to make plain; to dig; can also mean to engrave or figuratively to explain)} + perhaps from shaba (to swear, curse, vow, make a covenant; properly, to be complete; this is to seven oneself – as in affirming something so strongly it is as though it were said seven times) {perhaps from sheba (seven – the number of perfection/sacred fullness)}. This is Beersheba – meaning either “well of seven” or “well of an oath.”
^VI “land” = erets. Root may mean to be firm. This is earth, ground, field land, or country.
^VII “Gilead” = Gilad. Related to “congregation” in v1. From gala (to lay bare, quarrel, expose) OR from gal’ed (heap of testimony); {from gal (wave, billow, rock pile; something rolled; a spring of water); {from galal (to roll, roll away, wallow, commit, remove; rolling in a literal or figurative sense)} + ed (see note VIII below)}. This is Gilead, meaning “perpetual fountain” or “heap of testimony.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Gilead.html#.Xw_EFShKhPY.

^VIII “congregation” = edah. From yaad (to appoint, assemble or gather selves, agree) OR from ed (witness, testimony, recorder); from ud (to admonish, repeat, duplicate, testify, restore, record, relieve). This is a congregation, assembly, or company. It could be a family, crowd, or fixture.
^IX “assembled” = qahal. From qahal (assembly, congregation, multitude). This is to gather, convene, assemble like a congregation.
^X “one” = echad. Perhaps from achad (to unify, continue on a path; figuratively, to gather one’s thoughts). This is the number one, first, united. It can also be alone, altogether, a certain, a few.
^XI “body” = ish. Perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is man, husband, another, or humankind.

^XII “Lord” = YHVH. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (to come to pass, become, be). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.
^XIII “Mizpah” = Mitspah. From tsaphah (to look out, look around, spy watchman, sentinel; leaning out to look far away; to await or observe). This is Mizpah, meaning “watchtower.”
^XIV “chiefs” = pinnah. Perhaps from pen (corner, angle, street, wall). This is an angle, corner, cornerstone, tower, bulwark, pinnacle. Figuratively, it can be a chieftain.
^XV “people” = am. From amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together). This is people or nation. It can be used specifically for a tribe, collectively of troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals.

^XVI “tribes” = shebet. This is a rod, staff, club, scepter, dart, or tribe. Literally a stick that can be used for punishing, writing, fighting, walking, ruling; thus, used figuratively for a clan.
^XVII “Israel” = Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v1. See note II above.
^XVIII “presented” = yatsab. This is to set oneself, take a stand, remain, continue, to station or set something in place.
^XIX “assembly” = qahal. Related to “assembled” in v1. See note IX above.
^XX “God” = Elohim. Related to “Israelites” in v1. See note II above.

^XXI “four” = arba. From raba (to make square or be four-sided). This is four.
^XXII “hundred” = meah. This is hundred or some number times one hundred (i.e. hundredfold or the base of two hundred, three hundred, etc.).
^XXIII “thousand” = eleph. Perhaps from the same as eleph (herd, cattle); from alaph (to learn, speak, associate with). This is thousand.
^XXIV “foot” = ragli. 12x in OT. From the same as regel (foot, endurance, or journey; a foot as the means of walking and so it implies a step or a greater journey; can euphemistically mean private parts). This is on foot or a soldier (as one who goes on foot).
^XXV “soldiers” = ish. Same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.

^XXVI “bearing” = shalaph. This is to draw out, pluck off, grow up.
^XXVII “arms” = chereb. From charab (to attack, slay). This is any sharp instrument like a sword, dagger, axe, or mattock.
^XXVIII “Benjaminites” = ben + Binyamin. Literally, “children of Benjamin.” Ben is the same as “Israelites” in v1. See note II above. Binyamin is related to “Israelites” in v1. From ben (see note II above) + from yamin (right hand or side; that which is stronger or more agile; the south); {perhaps yamam (to go or choose the right, use the right hand; to be physically fit or firm)}. This is Benjamin, meaning “son of the right hand.” It could refer to Benjamin himself, his offspring, their tribe, or their territory.
^XXIX “heard” = shama. This is to hear, call, consent, or consider. It implies listening intelligently, giving attention, and, because of these two factors, obedience and action are often implied.
^XXX “gone up” = alah. This is to go up, approach, ascend, be high, be a priority; to arise in a literal or figurative sense.

^XXXI “said” = amar. This is to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report.
^XXXII “tell” = dabar. This is generally to speak, answer, declare, or command. It might mean to arrange and so to speak in a figurative sense as arranging words.
^XXXIII “criminal act” = ra’. From ra’a’ (to be evil, bad, afflict; properly, to spoil – to destroy by breaking into pieces; figuratively, to cause something to be worthless; this is bad in a physical, social, or moral sense; that which displeases, to do harm or mischief, to punish or vex). This is bad, disagreeable, that which causes pain, misery, something having little or no value, something that is ethically bad, wicked, injury, calamity. This refers to anything that is not what it ought to be – a natural disaster, a disfigurement, an injury, a sin.
^XXXIV “come about” = hayah. Related to “Lord” in v1. See note XII above.

^XXXV {untranslated} = ish. Same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.
^XXXVI “Levite” = Leviyyi. From Levi (Levi; perhaps meaning “attached”; Jacob’s son, his tribe, and descendants); perhaps from lavah (to join, twine, unite, remain, borrow, lend). This is Levite or levitical.
^XXXVII “husband” = ish. Same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.
^XXXVIII “woman” = ishshah. Related to “body” in v1. From ish (see note XI above). This is woman, wife, or female.
^XXXIX “murdered” = ratsach. Properly, this is to dash something to pieces. It is to kill a person, but it is used particularly (though not exclusively) for murder.

^XL “answered” = anah. This is answer, respond, announce, sing, shout, or testify. It means to pay attention, which implies responding and, by extension, starting to talk. Used in a specific sense for singing, shouting, testifying, etc.
^XLI {untranslated} = amar. Same as “said” in v3. See note XXXI above.
^XLII “came” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^XLIII “Gibeah” = Gibah. From the same as Geba (Geba or Gibeah; hillock); from the same as gabia (cup, bowl, flower; root might mean being convex). This is Gibeah, a city whose name means “hill.”
^XLIV “Benjamin” = Binyamin. Same as “Benjaminites” in v3. See note XXVIII above.

^XLV “concubine” = pilegesh. Perhaps a loanword. This is concubine.
^XLVI “spend the night” = lun. This is to stop – usually to lodge for the night. It can imply dwelling, enduring, or staying permanently. Figuratively, it can mean being obstinate, particularly with one’s words – to complain.
^XLVII “lords” = baal. From ba’al (to marry, have dominion, be master). This is lord, owner, ally, master, or archer, husband.
^XLVIII “rose up” = qum. To arise, stand, accomplish, establish, abide. This is rising as in rising against, getting up after being sick or asleep, arising from one state to another, becoming powerful, or rising for action. It can also be standing in a figurative sense.

^XLIX “surrounded” = sabab. This is turning around, going around; to surround, cast, walk, fetch. It is to revolve or border in a literal or figurative sense.
^L “house” = bayit. Related to “Israelites” in v1 & “Benjaminites” in v3. Probably from banah (see note II above). This is house, court, family, palace, temple.
^LI “night” = layil. Properly, this refers to light twisting away. It is used for night or midnight. Figuratively, this can mean adversity.
^LII “intended” = damah. This is to be like, resemble, devise. It can be to think using analogies.
^LIII “kill” = harag. This is to strike with deadly intent so it can be kill, destroy, murder, or put to death.
^LIV “raped” = anah. This is to be occupied with. It can also be bowed down. It can refer to a sense of humility or to a sense of being browbeaten, oppressed, afflicted, or depressed. This can be literal or figurative – depressed in mood or circumstance.
^LV “died” = mut. This is to die in a literal or figurative sense. It can also refer to being a dead body.

^LVI “took” = achaz. This is to grasp, catch, seize, take and hold in possession. It can also be to be afraid or hold back.
^LVII “cut…into pieces” = nathach. 9x in OT. This is to dismember or divide at the joints.
^LVIII “sent” = shalach. This is to send out, away, send for, forsake. It can also mean to divorce or set a slave free.
^LIX “whole extent” = kol. Same as “all” in v1. See note I above.
^LX “territory” = sadeh + nachalah. Sadeh is from the same as shadday (almighty, field, land); from shadad (to devastate, ruin, destroy, oppress, be powerful). Or, it may be from a word that means to spread out. This is field, ground, soil, or land. It can be used to mean wild as in a wild animal. Nachalah is related to nachal (to inherit, occupy, distribute, take as heritage). This is properly something that was inherited. It can mean occupancy generally or, more particularly, an heirloom or an estate. This can be an inheritance, gift, possession, or portion.

^LXI “committed” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.
^LXII “vile” = zimmah. From zamam (to devise, plot, imagine, intend, scheme, think evil; usually in an evil sense). This is a plan – usually a negative one. So, it could be a scheme, wickedness, mischief, immorality, a crime, or evil intent.
^LXIII “outrage” = nebalah. 13x in OT. From nabal (to be foolish, senseless, fall away, faint, wither, to be wicked, disgrace). This is foolishness, disgrace, folly, outrage, villainy, a crime or punishment. Used frequently of sexual sin, but not always.

^LXIV “so now” = hinneh. From hen (lo! Behold! If, though; an expression of surprise). This is to draw attention, show suddenness or surprise, or to emphasize the importance of the coming statement. See! Lo! Behold!
^LXV “give” = yahab. This is give, put, bring, take. It is to give in a literal or figurative sense.
^LXVI “advice” = dabar. Related to “tell” in v3. From dabar (see note XXXII above). This is speech, a word, a matter, an affair, charge, command, message, promise, purpose, report, request. It is a word, which implies things that are spoken of in a wide sense.
^LXVII “counsel” = etsah. From yaats (to counsel, advise, determine). This is advice, purpose, plan, prudence, or counselor.

^LXVIII “got up” = qum. Same as “rose up” in v5. See note XLVIII above.
^LXIX {untranslated} = ish. Same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.
^LXX “any” = ish. Same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.
^LXXI “go” = halak. This is go, come, walk. It is walk literally and figuratively and includes people and animals. It can be used figuratively for one’s moral life – how we walk according to God’s way or against it. It can also refer to the walk of life as in the course one’s life takes, the choices we make, etc.
^LXXII “tents” = ohel. Perhaps from ahal (to shine, be clear). This is a tent, covering, home, or side pillar.
^LXXIII “return” = sur. This is to turn aside in a literal or figurative sense – to depart, decline, rebel, remove, or withdraw.

^LXXIV “now” = attah. Related to “answered” in v4. Perhaps from et (a period or season; whenever or continually); probably from anah (see note XL above). This is now, from now on.
^LXXV “what” = dabar. Same as “advice” in v7. See note LXVI above.
^LXXVI “do” = asah. Same as “committed” in v6. See note LXI above.
^LXXVII “lot” = goral. Root may mean to be rough like a stone. A lot was probably a small pebble used to determine one’s portion or what one should do (the will of a god or one’s destiny).

^LXXVIII “take” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^LXXIX “ten” = eser. Perhaps from asar (to tithe, render a tenth of). This is ten or -teen. While 7 is symbolically the number of perfection, ten is also symbolically a number of perfection (but to a lesser degree than 7 is).
^LXXX “men” = ish. Same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.
^LXXXI “ten thousand” = rebabah. 16x in OT. From rabab (being many or much, abounding, increasing, multiplying; cast together and so the sense of increasing, generally in number). This is abundance, a myriad. It can be an indefinite large amount or mean ten thousand or a million.
^LXXXII “bring” = laqach. Same as “take” in v10. See note LXXVIII above.

^LXXXIII “provisions” = tsedah. 11x in OT. From the same as tsayid (food or provision). This is food, meat, or other provisions.
^LXXXIV “troops” = am. Same as “people” in v2. See note XV above.
^LXXXV “go” = bo. Same as “came” in v4. See note XLII above.
^LXXXVI “repay” = asah. Same as “committed” in v6. See note LXI above.
^LXXXVII “Gibeah” = Geba. Related to “Gibeah” in v4. 18x in OT. See note XLIII above.
^LXXXVIII “disgrace” = nebalah. Same as “outrage” in v6. See note LXIII above.

^LXXXIX “gathered” = asaph. This is to gather, assemble, or bring. It can also mean to take away, destroy, or remove.
^XC “city” = iyr. From uwr (to awaken or wake oneself up). This can mean excitement in the sense of wakefulness or city. Properly, this is a place that is guarded. Guards kept schedules according to watches. This sense of the word would include cities as well as encampments or posts that were guarded.
^XCI “united” = chaber. 12x in OT. From chabar (to unite, ally, attach, touch; to join in a literal or figurative sense; also, specially, using magic knots or spells to fascinate or connect). This is something that is united or knit together such as an associate or a companion.
^XCII {untranslated} = ish. Same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.

^XCIII “men” = enosh. Related to “body” in v1 & “woman” in v4. See note XI above.
^XCIV “crime” = ra’. Same as “criminal act” in v3. See note XXXIII above.
^XCV “committed” = hayah. Same as “come about” in v3. See note XXXIV above.
^XCVI “hand over” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.
^XCVII {untranslated} = ish. Same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.

^XCVIII “scoundrels” = ben + beliyyaal. Literally, “children of worthlessness.” Ben is the same as “Israelites” in v1. See note II above. Beliyyaal is from beli (lack, nothing, without, wearing out, failure, destruction); {from balah (to grow old, wear out, waste away, consume, spend)} + yaal (to gain, profit, do good, ascend, be useful or valuable; benefitted). This is lacking profit i.e. worthlessness, destruction, evil, ungodly person, wickedness, or Belial.
^XCIX “Gibeah” = Gibah. Same as “Gibeah” in v4. See note XLIII above.
^C “put…to death” = mut. Same as “died” in v5. See note LV above.

^CI “purge” = baar. This is to burn, consume, heat, remove. It can also be to consume by a fire or through eating, being brutish or wasting.
^CII “evil” = ra’. Same as “criminal act” in v3. See note XXXIII above.
^CIII “would” = abah. This is to breathe after, be willing, obey, accept, be content with, satisfy.
^CIV “listen” = shama. Same as “heard” in v3. See note XXIX above.
^CV {untranslated} = qol. This is a sound, used often for human voices. Also used when God speaks or angels, animals or instruments. It can be a cry or a noise, thunder or earthquakes and so on.
^CVI “kinsfolk” = ach. This is brother, kindred, another, other, like. It is literally brother, but it can also be someone who is similar, resembling, or related to.

^CVII “came together” = asaph. Same as “gathered” in v11. See note LXXXIX above.
^CVIII “towns” = iyr. Same as “city” in v11. See note XC above.
^CIX “Gibeah” = Gibah. Same as “Gibeah” in v4. See note XLIII above.
^CX “go out” = yatsa. Same as “came out” in v1. See note III above.
^CXI “battle” = milchamah. From lacham (to eat or feed on; figuratively, to battle as a kind of consumption/destruction). This is battle, war, fighting, or one who fights (i.e. a warrior).

^CXII “day” = yom. Root may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.
^CXIII “mustered” = paqad. This is to attend to or visit – can be used for a friendly or violent encounter. So, it can be to oversee, care for, avenge, or charge.
^CXIV “twenty” = esrim. Related to “ten” in v10. From the same as eser (see note LXXIX above). This is twenty or twentieth.
^CXV “six” = shesh. This is six. Figuratively, it can be a surplus since it is one more than the number of fingers on the hand.
^CXVI “armed” = shalaph + chereb. Shalaph is the same as “bearing” in v2. See note XXVI above. Chereb is the same as “arms” in v2. See note XXVII above.
^CXVII “men” = ish. Same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.

^CXVIII “besides” = bad. From badad (to divide or be separated; alone, solitary, lonely, isolated, straggler). This is apart, alone, separation, body part, tree branch, except. It can also be a city’s chief.
^CXIX “inhabitants” = yashab. This is to sit and so to remain and so to dwell. It is sitting for any reason – as a judge, in order to ambush, or just sitting quietly. Causatively, this can mean settling or marrying. This can also mean continue, endure, or establish.
^CXX “Gibeah” = Gibah. Same as “Gibeah” in v4. See note XLIII above.
^CXXI “seven” = sheba. Related to “Beer-sheba” in v1. See note V above.
^CXXII “picked” = bachur. From bachar (to choose, appoint, try, excellent). This is choice, chosen, selected. It is a youth or young man.
^CXXIII “men” = ish. Same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.

^CXXIV “force” = am. Same as “people” in v2. See note XV above.
^CXXV “men” = ish. Same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.
^CXXVI “were left-handed” = itter + yad + yamin. Literally, “restricted of right hand.” Itter is 2x in OT– both in Judges. From atar (to surround or encircle to defend, protect, or attack; to crown in a literal or figurative sense). This is shut up or bound. Yad is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it. Yamin is related to “Benjaminites” in v3. See note XXVIII above.

^CXXVII “every” = kol. Same as “all” in v1. See note I above.
^CXXVIII “one” = zeh. Literally, “this.”
^CXXIX “sling” = qala. 7x in OT. This is to carve, sling, or hurl out.
^CXXX “stone” = eben. This is a stone, weight, or mason. It is part of the word “Ebenezer.”
^CXXXI “hair” = saarah. 7x in OT. From the same as sear (hair, hairy, rough); perhaps from sa’ar (to storm, scattered by a storm, blow away, rage, storm tossed; this is to toss in a literal or figurative sense). This is hair or hairiness.
^CXXXII “miss” = chata. This is properly to miss, and so figuratively it is used for sinning, bearing the blame. It implies a forfeiture or loss of something.

^CXXXIII “Israelites” = ish + Yisrael. Literally, “men of Israel.” Ish is the same as “body” in v1. See note XI above. Yisrael is the same as “Israelites” in v1. See note II above.
^CXXXIV “apart from” = bad. Same as “besides” in v15. See note CXVIII above.
^CXXXV “men” = ish. Same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.
^CXXXVI “warriors” = ish + milchamah. Literally, “men of war.” Ish is the same as “body” in v1. See note XI above. Milchamah is the same as “battle” in v14. See note CXI above.

^CXXXVII “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v1. See note II above.
^CXXXVIII “proceeded” = qum. Same as “rose up” in v5. See note XLVIII above.
^CXXXIX “Bethel” = Bethel. Related to “Israelites” in v1 & “Benjaminites” in v3 & “house” in v5 & to “Israelites” in v1 & “God” in v2. From bayit (see note L above) + El (see note II above). This is Bethel, literally meaning “house of God.”
^CXL “inquired” = shaal. This is to ask, inquire, beg, borrow, desire, request. It can also mean to demand.
^CXLI {untranslated} = amar. Same as “said” in v3. See note XXXI above.
^CXLII “first” = techillah. From chalal (to pierce, which implies to wound; used figuratively for making someone or something profane or breaking your word; to begin as though one opened a wedge; to eat something as a common thing). This is beginning, first, previously.

^CXLIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XII above.
^CXLIV “answered” = amar. Same as “said” in v3. See note XXXI above.
^CXLV “Judah” = Yehudah. Probably from yadah (to throw one’s hands into the air in a gesture of praise); from yad (hand). This is Judah, meaning “praised.”
^CXLVI “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v1. See note II above.
^CXLVII “morning” = boqer. From baqar (to seek, plow, break forth, admire, care for). This refers to the break of day. So it is dawn, early, morning, or morrow.
^CXLVIII “encamped” = chanah. This is decline, bending down, or living in tents. It can be camping to create a home or camping as a part of battle.
^CXLIX “Gibeah” = Gibah. Same as “Gibeah” in v4. See note XLIII above.

^CL “Israelites” = ish + Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v17. See note CXXXIII above.
^CLI “Israelites” = ish + Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v17. See note CXXXIII above.
^CLII “drew up” = arak. This is to arrange by setting in a row. It can also mean to set a battle, estimate, put in order, or compare.
^CLIII “battle line” = milchamah. Same as “battle” in v14. See note CXI above.
^CLIV “Gibeah” = Gibah. Same as “Gibeah” in v4. See note XLIII above.
^CLV “came” = yatsa. Same as “came out” in v1. See note III above.
^CLVI “Gibeah” = Gibah. Same as “Gibeah” in v4. See note XLIII above.

^CLVII “struck down” = shachat…erets. Shachat is to slaughter, slay, or beat. It can be slaying for a sacrifice or in a massacre. Erets has a root that may mean to be firm. This is earth, ground, field land, or country.
^CLVIII “two” = shenayim. From sheni (double, again, another, second); from shanah (to fold, repeat, double, alter, or disguise). This is two, both, second, couple.
^CLIX “Israelites” = Yisrael…ish. Same as “Israelites” in v17. See note CXXXIII above.
^CLX “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v1. See note II above.
^CLXI “wept” = bakah. This is to weep, complain, or lament.
^CLXII “before” = paneh. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.
^CLXIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XII above.

^CLXIV “evening” = ereb. This is evening, night, or dusk.
^CLXV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XII above.
^CLXVI {untranslated} = amar. Same as “said” in v3. See note XXXI above.
^CLXVII “draw near” = nagash. This is to draw, bring, or come near. It is approaching for any reason – as an attack on an enemy, in order to worship, to make an argument. It can also be used as a euphemism for sex.
^CLXVIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XII above.

^CLXIX {untranslated} = am. Same as “people” in v2. See note XV above.
^CLXX “Israelites” = ish + Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v17. See note CXXXIII above.
^CLXXI “strengthened” = chazaq. This is to strengthen, seize, be courageous, repair, bind, heal, conquer, harden.
^CLXXII “again” = yasaph. This is to add, increase, continue, exceed.
^CLXXIII “formed” = arak. Same as “drew up” in v20. See note CLII above.
^CLXXIV “place” = maqom. Related to “rose up” in v5. From qum (see note XLVIII above). This is a standing, which is to say a spot or space a place. It can also refer to a locality or a physical/mental condition. HaMaqom is also a Jewish name for God – the place, i.e. the Omnipresent One.
^CLXXV “first” = rishon. From rishah (beginning or early time); from rosh (head, captain, or chief; excellent or the forefront; first in position or in statue or in time). This is first, former, ancestor, beginning, ranked first.

^CLXXVI “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v1. See note II above.
^CLXXVII “advanced” = qarab. This is to come near, offer, make ready, approach, take.
^CLXXVIII “second” = sheni. Related to “two” in v21. See note CLVIII above.
^CLXXIX “moved out” = yatsa. Same as “came out” in v1. See note III above.
^CLXXX “against” = qirah. From the same as qara (to happen, meet, bring about). This is any kind of encounter, whether peaceful, hostile, or incidental. It can also mean help or seek.
^CLXXXI “Gibeah” = Gibah. Same as “Gibeah” in v4. See note XLIII above.

^CLXXXII {untranslated} = od. Related to “congregation” and “Gilead” in v1. From ud (see note VIII above). This is still, yet, again, more.
^CLXXXIII “eighteen” = shemoneh + asar. Shemoneh is perhaps from shamen (to shine, which implies being oily, growing fat); from shaman (to grow fat, shine, be oily). This is eight or eighth. It can refer to abundance as being more than 7, the number of sacred fullness. Asar is related to “ten” in v10 & “twenty” in v15. From the same as eser (see note LXXIX above). This is -teen or -teenth.
^CLXXXIV “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v1. See note II above.
^CLXXXV “men” = ish. Same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.

^CLXXXVI {untranslated} = alah. Same as “gone up” in v3. See note XXX above.
^CLXXXVII “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v1. See note II above.
^CLXXXVIII “whole” = kol. Same as “all” in v1. See note I above.
^CLXXXIX “army” = am. Same as “people” in v2. See note XV above.
^CXC “went back” = bo. Same as “came” in v4. See note XLII above.

^CXCI “sitting” = yashab. Same as “inhabitants” in v15. See note CXIX above.
^CXCII “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v23. See note CLXII above.
^CXCIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XII above.
^CXCIV “fasted” = tsum. Properly, this is covering one’s mouth so, by extension, abstaining from food.

^CXCV “offered” = alah. Same as “gone up” in v3. See note XXX above.
^CXCVI “burnt offerings” = olah. Related to “gone up” in v3. From alah (see note XXX above). This is a step, stairs, or some kind of ascent. It is also used for whole burnt offerings, being the offering in which the whole thing is burned and rises as smoke. Burnt offerings were the least common of the offerings: most were eaten, shared with the priest and the one bringing the offering.
^CXCVII “sacrifices of well-being” = shelem. From shalam (to make amends, finish, be safe, be friendly, to be complete or sound). This is a peace offering or a sacrifice of well-being. It was a voluntary offering given when one celebrated thanksgiving, alliance, or friendship.
^CXCVIII “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v23. See note CLXII above.
^CXCIX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XII above.

^CC “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v1. See note II above.
^CCI “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XII above.
^CCII “ark” = aron. Perhaps from arah (to gather or pluck). This is a chest, box, or coffin. It is used for the Ark of the Covenant.
^CCIII “covenant” = berit. Perhaps from barah (to eat, choose, make clear); perhaps from bar (grain, wheat); from barar (to select, purify, cleanse, test, brighten, polish). This is a compact, covenant, alliance, treaty, or league.

^CCIV “Phinehas” = Phinechas. Perhaps from peh (mouth in a literal or figurative sense; literally, beak or jaws; figuratively, speech, commands, or promises); {perhaps from pa’ah (to puff, scatter, cut in pieces)} + nachash (a serpent or snake); {from nachash (to divine, interpret omens, learn from experience, observe; to hiss)} OR from panah (see note CLXII above) + chasah (to seek refuge). This is Phinehas, a name that may mean “mouth of a serpent,” “bronze-colored one,” “mouth of brass,” “oracle,” “trust your heart,” or “turn and hide.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Phinehas.html
^CCV “son” = ben. Same as “Israelites” in v1. See note II above.
^CCVI “Eleazar” = Elazar. Related to “Israelites” in v1 & “God” in v2. From El (see note II above) + azar (to help, protect, support, ally; properly, to surround so as to provide aid). This is Elezar or Elazar, meaning “God has helped” or “God is helper.”
^CCVII “Aaron” = Aharon. Derivation uncertain. May mean “bearer of martyrs” OR be related to Ancient Egyptian ꜥḥꜣ rw (warrior lion) OR elevated, exalted, high mountain. This is Aaron. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Aaron

^CCVIII “ministered” = amad. This is to stand up in a literal or figurative sense. So it can be establish, continue, endure, take a stand, act, be a servant, stand still, remain, stand against an enemy.
^CCIX “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v23. See note CLXII above.
^CCX “once more” = yasaph + od. Yasaph is the same as “again” in v22. See note CLXXII above. Od is the same as {untranslated} in v25. See note CLXXXII above.
^CCXI “desist” = chadal. This is properly to be flabby – it implies, to stop, fall, end, rest, leave alone, forsake, or desist. Figuratively this can be lacking or idle.

^CCXII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XII above.
^CCXIII “answered” = amar. Same as “said” in v3. See note XXXI above.
^CCXIV “tomorrow” = machar. Perhaps from achar (to be behind, delay, be late, procrastinate, continue). This is tomorrow or later. It is some kind of deferred time, so it could also mean indefinitely or refer to the time to come.
^CCXV “give” = natan. Same as “hand over” in v13. See note XCVI above.
^CCXVI “hand” = yad. Same as “were left-handed” in v16. See note CXXVI above.

^CCXVII “stationed” = sim. This is to put or place in a literal or figurative sense. It can be appoint, care, change, make, and may other things.
^CCXVIII “men in ambush” = arab. This is to lie in wait, lurk, or ambush.
^CCXIX “around” = sabib. Related to “surrounded” in v5. From sabab (see note XLIX above). This is a circuit or a circle. It could refer to an environment, one’s neighbors, or a circular path round about.
^CCXX “Gibeah” = Gibah. Same as “Gibeah” in v4. See note XLIII above.

^CCXXI “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v1. See note II above.
^CCXXII “third” = shelishi. From shalosh (three, fork, triad). This is third or one-third of something.
^CCXXIII “set…in array” = arak. Same as “drew up” in v20. See note CLII above.
^CCXXIV “Gibeah” = Gibah. Same as “Gibeah” in v4. See note XLIII above.
^CCXXV “as before” = paam + paam. From paam (to move, trouble; to tap in a regular rhythm; to agitate). This is a beat, stroke, footstep, or occurrence.

^CCXXVI “against” = qirah. Same as “against” in v25. See note CLXXX above.
^CCXXVII “drawn away” = nathaq. This is to pull, tear off, drag, separate, lift, burst, root out, or snap.
^CCXXVIII “began” = chalal. Related to “first” in v18. See note CXLII above.
^CCXXIX “inflict” = nakah. This is to hit whether lightly or severely. It can be used in a literal or figurative sense. So, this could be beat, punish, give wounds, kill, or slaughter.
^CCXXX “casualties” = chalal. Related to “first” in v18 & “began” in v31. From chalal (see note CXLII above). This is to pierce, profane or pollute. It can also refer to slain or deadly.

^CCXXXI “main roads” = mesillah. From salal (to lift up, build, pile, extol, exalt; can also be used for opposing as a dam holds back water). This is highway, path, step. It could be a course in a figurative sense or specifically a viaduct or staircase.
^CCXXXII “one” = echad. Same as “one” in v1. See note X above.
^CCXXXIII “other” = echad. Same as “one” in v1. See note X above.
^CCXXXIV “Gibeah” = Gibah. Same as “Gibeah” in v4. See note XLIII above.
^CCXXXV “open country” = sadeh. Same as “territory” in v6. See note LX above.
^CCXXXVI “men” = ish. Same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.

^CCXXXVII “thought” = amar. Same as “said” in v3. See note XXXI above.
^CCXXXVIII “being routed” = nagaph. This is to strike, beat, hurt, stumble, defeat, inflict disease.
^CCXXXIX “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v23. See note CLXII above.
^CCXL “previously” = rishon. Same as “first” in v22. See note CLXXV above.
^CCXLI “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v1. See note II above.
^CCXLII “retreat” = nus. This is to flee, vanish away, hide, escape, be displayed.
^CCXLIII “roads” = mesillah. Same as “main roads” in v31. See note CCXXXI above.

^CCXLIV “main body” = kol. Same as “all” in v1. See note I above.
^CCXLV “Israelites” = ish + Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v17. See note CXXXIII above.
^CCXLVI “drew back its battle line” = qum + maqom + arak. Qum is the same as “rose up” in v5. See note XLVIII above. Maqom is the same as “place” in v22. See note CLXXIV above. Arak is the same as “drew up” in v20. See note CLII above.
^CCXLVII “Baal-tamar” = Baal Tamar. Related to “lords” in v5. 1x in OT. From baal (see note XLVII above) + tamar (palm tree; root may mean being erect). This is Baal-tamar, a place whose name means “possessor of palms” or “lord of the palm tree” or “boss of the free market” or “place of palm trees.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Baal-tamar.html

^CCXLVIII “Israelites” = Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v1. See note II above.
^CCXLIX “were in ambush” = arab. Same as “men in ambush” in v29. See note CCXVIII above.
^CCL “rushed out” = giach. 6x in OT. This is to break forth like water bursting out, to rush, give birth.
^CCLI “west” = maareh. 1x in OT. From the same as maar (clear space, nakedness, emply space); from arah (to be bare, empty, raze, uncover, discover, demolish). This is a bare place like a common. It could also be meadow.

^CCLII “came” = bo. Same as “came” in v4. See note XLII above.
^CCLIII “against” = neged. From nagad (to declare, make conspicuous, stand in front, manifest, predict, explain). This is in front of, opposite to. It can refer to a counterpart or partner, one corresponding to or in the sight of.
^CCLIV “Gibeah” = Gibah. Same as “Gibeah” in v4. See note XLIII above.
^CCLV “men” = ish. Same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.
^CCLVI “was fierce” = kabad. To be heavy, weighty, or severe. It can also be positive abounding in, rich, or honorable. The Hebrew word for “glory,” kabod, is taken from this root.

^CCLVII “Benjaminites” = hem. Literally, “they.”
^CCLVIII “realize” = yada. This is to know, acknowledge, advise, answer, be aware, be acquainted with. Properly, this is to figure something out by seeing. It includes ideas of observation, recognition, and care about something. It can be used causatively for instruction, designation, and punishment.
^CCLIX “disaster” = ra’. Same as “criminal act” in v3. See note XXXIII above.
^CCLX “was close” = naga. This is touch, reach, arrive, come near, strike. This is touching for any reason including sexual or violent.

^CCLXI “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note XII above.
^CCLXII “defeated” = nagaph. Same as “being routed” in v32. See note CCXXXVIII above.
^CCLXIII “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v23. See note CLXII above.
^CCLXIV “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v1. See note II above.
^CCLXV “struck down” = shachat. Same as “struck down” in v21. See note CLVII above.
^CCLXVI “five” = chamesh. This is five.
^CCLXVII “men” = ish. Same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.

^CCLXVIII “saw” = raah. This is to see in a literal or figurative sense so stare, advise, think, view.
^CCLXIX “Israelites” = ish + Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v17. See note CXXXIII above.
^CCLXX “ground” = maqom. Same as “place” in v22. See note CLXXIV above.
^CCLXXI “relied” = batach. This is to hide for refuge, be secure or sure. Figuratively, it refers to trust, being confident, or hoping.
^CCLXXII “troops in ambush” = arab. Same as “men in ambush” in v29. See note CCXVIII above.
^CCLXXIII “Gibeah” = Gibah. Same as “Gibeah” in v4. See note XLIII above.

^CCLXXIV “rushed” = pashat. This is to raid or invade. Figuratively, it means to strip or plunder.
^CCLXXV “quickly” = chush. This is to hurry, be eager.
^CCLXXVI “Gibeah” = Gibah. Same as “Gibeah” in v4. See note XLIII above.
^CCLXXVII {untranslated} = mashak. This is to draw, drag, or pull. It can mean sow, march, remove, draw along, continue, extend, or prolong.
^CCLXXVIII “they” = arab. Same as “men in ambush” in v29. See note CCXVIII above.
^CCLXXIX “put” = nakah. Same as “inflict” in v31. See note CCXXIX above.

^CCLXXX {untranslated} = peh. Related to “Phinehas” in v28. See note CCIV above.
^CCLXXXI “sword” = chereb. Same as “arms” in v2. See note XXVII above.
^CCLXXXII “agreement” = moed. Related to “congregation” in v1. From yaad (see note VIII above). This is a meeting, assembly, fixed time. It can be used for a festival or feast. It can also refer to a meeting place.
^CCLXXXIII “main body” = ish. Same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.
^CCLXXXIV “was” = hayah. Same as “come about” in v3. See note XXXIV above.

^CCLXXXV {untranslated} = rabah. This is increasing in any aspect whether quantity, authority, size, quality, greatness, etc.
^CCLXXXVI “sent up” = alah. Same as “gone up” in v3. See note XXX above.
^CCLXXXVII “cloud” = maseth. 16x in OT. From nasa (to lift in a broad sense, literally and figuratively; to carry, take, or arise; to bring forth, advance, accept). This is an utterance, lifting up, collection, uprising, a rising flame or beacon, a present lifted up, a mess, reproach, or burden.
^CCLXXXVIII “smoke” = ashan. From ashan (to smoke or burn in a literal or figurative sense; to be angry). This is smoke, vapor, dust, or anger.
^CCLXXXIX “main body” = ish. Same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.
^CCXC “turn” = haphak. This is to turn, overturn, change, return, turn over, pervert.

^CCXCI “Israelites” = ish + Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v17. See note CXXXIII above.
^CCXCII “them” = ish. Same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.
^CCXCIII “surely” = ak. Related to aken (surely, truly, nevertheless); from kun (properly, in a perpendicular position; literally, to establish, fix, fasten, prepare; figuratively, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous). This is a positive statement – surely, also, certainly, alone, only.
^CCXCIV “defeated” = nagaph + nagaph. Same as “being routed” in v32. See note CCXXXVIII above. The word is repeated twice – the first time as an Infinitive Absolute. The Infinitive Absolute serves to emphasize the sentiment of the word. It is rather like Foghorn Leghorn’s speech pattern, “I said, I said.”
^CCXCV “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v23. See note CLXII above.
^CCXCVI “first” = rishon. Same as “first” in v22. See note CLXXV above.

^CCXCVII “column” = ammud. Related to “ministered” in v28. From amad (see note CCVIII above). This is a pillar, stand, or platform.
^CCXCVIII “rise” = alah. Same as “gone up” in v3. See note XXX above.
^CCXCIX “Benjaminites” = Binyamin. Same as “Benjaminites” in v3. See note XXVIII above.
^CCC “looked” = panah. Related to “before” in v23. See note CLXII above.

^CCCI “behind” = achar. Related to “tomorrow” in v28. From achar (see note CCXIV above). This is after or the last part, following.
^CCCII “there” = hinneh. Same as “so now” in v7. See note LXIV above.
^CCCIII “whole” = kalil. Related to “all” in v1. 15x in OT. From kalal (see note I above). This is entire, perfect, pure, or wholly. For a burnt offering, it can mean burned wholly.
^CCCIV “sky” = shamayim. From sheni (double, again, another, second); from shanah (to fold, repeat, double, alter, or disguise). This is two, both, second, couple.

^CCCV “main body” = ish. Same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.
^CCCVI “Benjaminites” = ish + Binyamin. Literally, “men of Benjamin.” Ish is the same as “body” in v1. See note XI above. Binyamin is the same as “Benjaminites” in v3. See note XXVIII above.
^CCCVII “were dismayed” = bahal. To be afraid or dismayed or amazed. This is deep trembling within. So, figuratively, it refers to being suddenly agitated. This implies moving or acting quickly/anxiously.
^CCCVIII “turned away” = panah. Same as “looked” in v40. See note CCC above.
^CCCIX “from” = paneh. Same as “before” in v23. See note CLXII above.
^CCCX “Israelites” = ish + Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v17. See note CXXXIII above.

^CCCXI “direction” = derek. From darak (to tread, march, to walk. Can also mean affixing a string to a box since one needs to step on it to bend it in the process; so also an archer). This is a road as a thing that is walked on. Can be used figuratively for the path that one’s life takes or how one chooses to live one’s life.
^CCCXII “wilderness” = midbar. Related to “tell” in v3 & “advice” in v7. From dabar (see note XXXII above). This is mouth or speech. It can also be desert or wilderness. Additionally, it can be used for a pasture to which one drives cattle.
^CCCXIII “overtook” = dabaq. This is to follow closely or abide fast, to cling or be joined together. Figuratively, it can mean to catch something by chasing after it, to overtake, or to stick. A man clings to his wife in Genesis 2:24, Shechem was deeply attracted to Dinah in Genesis 34:3, Ruth clung to Naomi in Ruth 1:14, Solomon clung to his foreign wives and concubines in 1 Kings 11:2. It is also used of a tongue sticking to the mouth, pursuing or overtaking as in battle, and also clinging to God.

^CCCXIV “striking…down” = shachat. Same as “struck down” in v21. See note CLVII above.
^CCCXV “in between” = tavek. This is among, middle, in the midst, the center. Perhaps, properly, to sever.
^CCCXVI “surrounding” = kathar. 6x in OT. This is to encircle, crown, besiege, bear with, restrain self.
^CCCXVII “Benjaminites” = Binyamin. Same as “Benjaminites” in v3. See note XXVIII above.
^CCCXVIII “pursued” = radaph. This is to chase after, pursue, hunt, or persecute. It is running after someone or something, generally with hostile motives.
^CCCXIX {untranslated} = menuchah. From manoach (resting place, quiet, home); from nuach (to rest, calm, camp, free, place, remain, satisfy, settle, station, or wait; implies settling down in a literal or figurative sense). This is resting place, consolation, ease, quiet. It is the same word in Psalm 23:2, “he leads me beside the still waters.”

^CCCXX “Nohah” = nokach. Perhaps from the same as nekach (root may mean being straightforward; before, the front). This is in front of, before, on behalf, opposite.
^CCCXXI “trod…down” = darak. Related to “direction” in v42. See note CCCXI above.
^CCCXXII “east” = mizrach + shemesh. Literally, “the rising of the sun.” Mizrach is from zarach (to rise, shine, or dawn; can also describe symptoms of leprosy). This is the east as the place where the sun rises. It can also refer to the sunrise itself. Shemesh is sun or toward the east. Its root may mean being brilliant. Figuratively, this could be a ray or an arch.
^CCCXXIII “Gibeah” = Gibah. Same as “Gibeah” in v4. See note XLIII above.

^CCCXXIV “Benjaminites” = Binyamin…ish. Binyamin + ish. Binyamin is the same as “Benjaminites” in v3. See note XXVIII above. Ish is the same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.
^CCCXXV “fell” = naphal. This is to fall, whether by accident, to fall prostrate, or to fall in violent death. Figuratively, it can refer to personal ruin or calamity, a city falling, an attack or a falling away. It can also be a deep sleep or wasting away.
^CCCXXVI “courageous fighters” = ish + chayil. Ish is the same as “body” in v1. See note XI above. Chayil is from chul (to be firm, strong, prosperous; to endure). This is strength, wealth, ability, activity. It can refer to soldier or a company of soldiers as well as goods. It is a force of people, means, or goods. It can speak of valor, virtue, or strength.

^CCCXXVII “turned” = panah. Same as “looked” in v40. See note CCC above.
^CCCXXVIII “fled” = nus. Same as “retreat” in v32. See note CCXLII above.
^CCCXXIX “rock” = sela. Root may mean being lofty. This is a rock, cliff, crag, mountain. It could be used figuratively for obstinance or to show God as a refuge. It can also more generally mean fortress or stronghold.
^CCCXXX “Rimmon” = Rimmon. 17x in OT. From the same as rimmon (a pomegranate or a decoration in that shape; can also refer to the pomegranate tree); perhaps from rum (to rise in a literal or figurative sense; to get up or exalt). This is Rimmon, the name of a god in Syria who is called Baal and who is called Ramanu in Assyria. It is also the name of some cities. It may mean “pomegranate” or “apex” or “harvest ready” or “mature mind.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Rimmon.html & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimmon

^CCCXXXI {untranslated} = ish. Same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.
^CCCXXXII “cut down” = alal. 19x in OT. This is to affect, abuse, mistreat, impose, practice, glean, defile.
^CCCXXXIII “pursued” = dabaq + achar. Dabaq is the same as “overtook” in v42. See note CCCXIII above. Achar is the same as “behind” in v40. See note CCCI above.
^CCCXXXIV “Gidom” = Gidom. 1x in OT. From gada (to cut or chop as one cuts down a tree; cutting off or destroying things). This is Gidom, a place whose name means “cutting” or “desolation” or “exterminating.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Gidom.html
^CCCXXXV “them” = ish. Same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.
^CCCXXXVI “slain” = nakah. Same as “inflict” in v31. See note CCXXIX above.

^CCCXXXVII “men” = ish. Same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.
^CCCXXXVIII {untranslated} = ish. Same as “body” in v1. See note XI above.
^CCCXXXIX “turned” = panah. Same as “looked” in v40. See note CCC above.
^CCCXL “remained” = yashab. Same as “inhabitants” in v15. See note CXIX above.
^CCCXLI “months” = chodesh. From chadash (to renew, repair). This refers to a new moon. It can also mean monthly.

^CCCXLII “Israelites” = ish + Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v17. See note CXXXIII above.
^CCCXLIII “turned back” = shub. To turn back, return, turn away – literally or figuratively. Doesn’t necessarily imply going back to where you started from. This is also the root verb for the Hebrew word for repentance “teshubah.”
^CCCXLIV “Benjaminites” = ben + Binyamin. Same as “Benjaminites” in v3. See note XXVIII above.
^CCCXLV {untranslated} = peh. Same as {untranslated} in v37. See note CCLXXX above.
^CCCXLVI “people” = methom. 4x in OT. From tamam (to finish or accomplish; to make perfect, demonstrate that you are upright; consume; to complete in a literal or figurative sense). This is soundness, completely, wholesomeness.

^CCCXLVII “animals” = behemah. This is animal or cattle. It is often used of large quadrupeds.
^CCCXLVIII “remained” = matsa. This is to find, catch or acquire. It can also mean to come forth or appear. Figuratively, this can mean to meet or be together with.
^CCCXLIX “also” = gam. This is also, moreover, again.
^CCCL {untranslated} = kol. Same as “all” in v1. See note I above.
^CCCLI “remaining” = matsa. Same as “remained” in v48. See note CCCXLVIII above.
^CCCLII “‘set” = shalach. Same as “sent” in v6. See note LVIII above.
^CCCLIII “fire” = esh. This is fire, burning, flaming, hot. It is fire in a literal or figurative sense.