Judges 8

^I “Ephraimites” = ish + Ephrayim. Literally, “men of Ephraim.” Ish is perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is man, husband, another, or humankind. Ephrayim is from the same as epher (ashes or dust – properly something strewn) OR from parah (to grow, increase, be fruitful in a literal or figurative sense). This is Ephraim, one of Joseph’s sons, his descendants, and their land.
^II “said” = amar. This is to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report.
^III {untranslated} = dabar. From dabar (to speak, declare, discuss). This is speech, a word, a matter, an affair, charge, command, message, promise, purpose, report, request. It is a word, which implies things that are spoken of in a wide sense.
^IV “done” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.

^V “not” = bilti. From balah (to grow old, wear out, consume, waste, enjoy, fail, decay). This is nothing, not, lest, or except. From its root, it means “a failure of” – used for negative particles.
^VI “call” = qara. This is to call or call out – to call someone by name. Also used more broadly for calling forth.
^VII “went” = halak. This is go, come, walk. It is walk literally and figuratively and includes people and animals. It can be used figuratively for one’s moral life – how we walk according to God’s way or against it. It can also refer to the walk of life as in the course one’s life takes, the choices we make, etc.

^VIII “fight” = lacham. This is to eat or feed on. Figuratively, it is to battle as a kind of consumption/destruction.
^IX “Midianites” = Midyan. From the same as madon (strife, contention, brawling); from din (to judge, defend, dispute, govern, strive). This is Midian or a Midianite. It means strife or place of judgment.
^X “upbraided” = rib. This is properly to toss or grapple. It is used figuratively to mean wrangling and so for arguments, complaints, or disputes. It is used in a legal setting for pleading or defending a case.
^XI “violently” = chozqah. 6x in OT. From chozeq (strength, power); from chazaq (to strengthen, seize, be courageous, repair, bind, heal, conquer, harden). This is strength, force, vigorously. It usually has a negative sense of vehemence.

^XII “now” = attah. Perhaps from et (a period or season; whenever or continually); probably from anah (to answer, sing, announce); from ad (forever, all, old); from adah (to pass on, advance, decorate oneself). This is now, from now on.
^XIII “gleaning” = oleloth. 6x in OT. From alal (to affect, do, practice, mock, overdo, glean, abuse, pain, glean). This is a gleaning or one who gathers. It can also refer to the time for gleaning.
^XIV “Ephraim” = Ephrayim. Same as “Ephraimites” in v1. See note I above.

^XV “better” = tob. From tob (to be pleasing, to be good). This is good, beautiful, pleasant, agreeable, bountiful, at ease. This word is used for goodness as a concept, a good thing, a good person. This can refer to prosperity and welfare as well as joy, kindness, sweetness, and graciousness. So, this is ethically good, but also enjoyably good.
^XVI “vintage” = batsir. 7x in OT. From batsar (to enclose, wall up, or make something inaccessible, impenetrable, isolated to fortify, something mighty, to gather grapes). This is clipped, a reference to the grape harvest. It can also refer to a grape or the vintage.
^XVII “Abiezer” = Abiezer. 7x in OT. From ab (father in a literal or figurative sense – grandfather, chief, ancestor) + Ezer (Ezer; “help”); {from the same as ezer (help, aid, helper); {from azar (to help, protect, support, ally; properly, to surround so as to provide aid)}. His is Abiezer, which means “my father is help” or “father of help” or “helpful.”

^XVIII “God” = Elohim.
^XIX “given” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.
^XX “hands” = yad. This is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.
^XXI “captains” = sar. This is chief, leader, ruler, lord, official, governor, prince, military leader. It refers to someone at the top of a rank or class.
^XXII “Midian” = Midyan. Same as “Midianites” in v1. See note IX above.

^XXIII “Oreb” = Oreb. 7x in OT. From the same as ereb (evening, night, twilight); {from arab (to grow dark, become gloomy)} OR from the same as oreb (a raven); {from arab (see above)}. This is Oreb, a personal name and the name of a cliff.
^XXIV “Zeeb” = Zeeb. 6x in OT. From the same as zeeb (a wolf; from a word that may refer to being yellow). This is Zeeb, a personal name that means “wolf.”
^XXV “been able” = yakol. This is to be able, endure, overcome, prevail.
^XXVI “said” = dabar. Related to {untranslated} in v1. See note III above.
^XXVII {untranslated} = dabar.  Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note III above.
^XXVIII “anger” = ruach. From ruach (smell, breathe, perceive, anticipate, accept, enjoy). This is breath, wind, air, cool, spirit. This is wind, which resembles the breath and so this can be used figuratively for life itself or being frail/mortal/impermanent. It can refer to the air of the sky or the spirit.
^XXIX “subsided” = raphah. This is to slacken in a literal or figurative sense. So, it could be to hang, be feeble, fail, drop, be helpless, relax, slink, subside, or wait.

^XXX “Gideon” = Gidon. From gada (to cut or chop as one cuts down a tree; cutting off or destroying things). This is Gideon, a name that means “feller” or “hewer down” or “cutter” or “warrior.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Gideon.html
^XXXI “came” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^XXXII “Jordan” = Yarden. From yarad (to go down, descend; going down in a literal or figurative sense; going to the shore or a boundary, bringing down an enemy). This is the Jordan River, meaning “descending.”
^XXXIII “crossed over” = abar. This is to pass over or cross over. It is used for transitions, whether literal or figurative. It can also mean to escape, alienate, or fail. This is the root verb from which “Hebrew” is drawn.

^XXXIV “three” = shalosh. This is three, fork, three times.
^XXXV “hundred” = meah. This is hundred or some number times one hundred (i.e. hundredfold or the base of two hundred, three hundred, etc.).
^XXXVI {untranslated} = ish. Same as “Ephraimites” in v1. See note I above.
^XXXVII “exhausted” = ayeph. 17x in OT. From iph (to be faint or weary, to languish). This is faint, languid, weary, or thirsty.
^XXXVIII “pursuing” = radaph. This is to chase after, pursue, hunt, or persecute. It is running after someone or something, generally with hostile motives.

^XXXIX “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^XL “people” = enosh. Related to “Ephraimites” in v1. See note I above.
^XLI “Succoth” = Sukkoth. 18x in OT. From sukkah (booth, canopy, shelter, tent, or tabernacle); from sok (lair, thicket, den, or hiding place; a den or pavilion as made of intertwined boughs); from sakak (to interweave, knit). This is Succoth, perhaps meaning “booths” or “weavings.” It is related to the Jewish holiday “Sukkoth,” the Festival of Booths. See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Succoth.html

^XLII “please” = na. This particle is used for requests or for urging. It can be we pray, now, I ask you, oh. This is the same “na” in “hosanna.”
^XLIII “loaves” = kikkar. From karar (to dance or whirl). This is round so it can refer to a circle, a circular region, a weight used for measurement, money, a loaf of bread that is round, a cover, a plain, or a valley in the Jordan.
^XLIV “bread” = lechem. Related to “fight” in v1. From lacham (see note VIII above). This is bread, food, loaf. It can refer to food more generally for people or for animals.
^XLV “followers” = am + asher + regel. Literally, “the people who follow me.” Am is from amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together). This is people or nation. It can be used specifically for a tribe, collectively of troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals. Regel is foot, endurance, or journey. It is a foot as the means of walking and so it implies a step or a greater journey. It can be used euphemistically for private parts.

^XLVI {untranslated} = achar. From achar (to remain behind, linger, continue, be behind, or delay; can also imply procrastination). This is after or the last part, following.
^XLVII “Zebah” = Zebach. 12x in OT. From zabach (to kill, slay, offer; slaughtering an animal to offer as a sacrifice). This is Zebah, a name meaning “sacrifice” or “victim.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Zebah.html
^XLVIII “Zalmunna” = Tsalmunna. 12x in OT. From the same as tselem (phantom, resemblance, illusion, image, idol) OR from tsel (shade in a literal or figurative sense; shadow, shade, protection, shelter, or defense); {from tsalal (to be or become dark, shade; this is the shade as during twilight or shadow as associated with something opaque)} + mana (to hold back, refuse, restrain, deny in a positive or in a negative sense). This is Zalmunna or Tsalmunna, a name that means “shade has been denied” or “shadow is withheld” or “deprived of shade.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Zalmunna.html
^XLIX “kings” = melek. From malak (to be or become king or queen, to rise to the throne, to be crowned; by implication, to take counsel). This is king or royal.

^L “officials” = sar. Same as “captains” in v3. See note XXI above.
^LI “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^LII “already” = attah. Same as “now” in v2. See note XII above.
^LIII “possession” = yad. Same as “hands” in v3. See note XX above.
^LIV “hands” = kaph. From kaphaph (to bend – from a root meaning curve or bend down). This is palm of the hand or sole of the foot, footstep, grasp. Figuratively, it can also mean power.
^LV “army” = tsaba. From tsaba (to wage war, serve, assemble, fight, perform, muster, wait on). This is a large group of persons (used figuratively for a group of things). It implies a campaign literally as with army, war, warfare, battle, company, soldiers. Can also be used figuratively for hardship or for worship.

^LVI “replied” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^LVII “well then” = ken. Perhaps from kun (properly, in a perpendicular position; literally, to establish, fix, fasten, prepare; figuratively, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous). This is to set upright. Generally used figuratively to mean thus, so, afterwards, rightly so.
^LVIII “Lord” = YHVH. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (to come to pass, become, be). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.
^LIX “hand” = yad. Same as “hands” in v3. See note XX above.

^LX “trample” = dush. 14x in OT. This is to trample, break, tear, thresh.
^LXI “flesh” = basar. From basar (being a messenger, publish, carry preach; properly, this is being fresh, rosy or cheerful as one bearing news). This is flesh, the body, fat, skin, self, nakedness, humankind, or kin. It can also refer to private parts.
^LXII “thorns” = qots. 12x in OT. Perhaps from quts (summer, clip off); from qayits (fruit, harvest, dry season). This is a thorn or thornbush.
^LXIII “wilderness” = midbar. Related to {untranslated} in v1 & “said” in v3. From dabar (see note III above). This is mouth or speech. It can also be desert or wilderness. Additionally, it can be used for a pasture to which one drives cattle.
^LXIV “briers” = barqanim. 2x in OT – both in this passage. Perhaps from baraq (lightning; figuratively, a gleaming or glittering; concretely, a flashing sword); from baraq (to flash, a flash of lightning). This is briar or thorn.

^LXV “went up” = alah. This is to go up, approach, ascend, be high, be a priority; to arise in a literal or figurative sense.
^LXVI “Penuel” = Penuel. Related to “God” in v3. 9x in OT. From paneh (face in a literal or figurative sense; face, presence, anger, respect; can also indicate divine favor or presence); {from panah (to turn, face, appear)} + El (see note XVIII above). This is Peniel or Penuel, which means “face of God.”
^LXVII “made…request” = dabar. Same as “said” in v3. See note XXVI above.
^LXVIII “people” = ish. Same as “Ephraimites” in v1. See note I above.
^LXIX “answered” = anah. This is answer, respond, announce, sing, shout, or testify. It means to pay attention, which implies responding and, by extension, starting to talk. Used in a specific sense for singing, shouting, testifying, etc.
^LXX “people” = ish. Same as “Ephraimites” in v1. See note I above.

^LXXI “so” = gam. This is also, moreover, again.
^LXXII “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^LXXIII “people” = ish. Same as “Ephraimites” in v1. See note I above.
^LXXIV {untranslated} = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.

^LXXV “come back” = shub. To turn back, return, turn away – literally or figuratively. Doesn’t necessarily imply going back to where you started from. This is also the root verb for the Hebrew word for repentance “teshubah.”
^LXXVI “victorious” = shalom. From shalam (to be complete or sound; to have safety mentally, physically, or extending to one’s estate; so, if these things are safe and complete, the implication is that one would be friendly; and, if being friendly, one would make amends and that friendship would be reciprocated). This is completeness, soundness, welfare, favor, friend, good health. It is to be safe and figuratively well, happy, at peace, friendly. Abstractly, it includes the ideas of welfare and prosperity (not in excessive wealth, but in having enough).
^LXXVII “break down” = nathats. This is to pull down, demolish, break down, raze, overthrow.
^LXXVIII “tower” = migdal. From gadal (to grow, grow up, be great, magnify, exalt). This is a tower, podium, bed of flowers. This is perhaps the root of “Magdalene.”

^LXXIX “Karkor” = Qarqor. 1x in OT. From qur (to dig, destroy, wall up) OR from qarqar (cool off) OR from qarqar (pound down) OR from qarar (compact). This is Karkor, a place whose name means “foundation” or “pounded down” or “soft and level ground” or “even ground.” See  https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Karkor.html
^LXXX “army” = machaneh. From chanah (to decline, bending down, or living in tents; can be camping to create a home or camping as a part of battle). This is an encampment, whether of people traveling together or soldiers. So, it can be a camp band, or company as well as an army of soldiers. Also can be used of other groups like animals, angels or stars.
^LXXXI “fifteen” = chamesh + asar. Chamesh is five. Asar is from the same as eser (ten). This is -teen or -teenth.
^LXXXII “thousand” = eleph. Perhaps from the same as eleph (herd, cattle); from alaph (to learn, speak, associate with). This is thousand.

^LXXXIII “all” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.
^LXXXIV “were left” = yathar. This is to jut over, remain behind, preserve, to excel. It can be to leave or to be in abundance.
^LXXXV “army” = machaneh. Same as “army” in v10. See note LXXX above.
^LXXXVI “people” = ben. From banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense.
^LXXXVII “east” = qedem. Perhaps from qadam (to come in front or be in front; to meet, anticipate, confront, receive, or rise; sometimes to meet for help). This is front, formerly, before, east, eternal, everlasting, antiquity.

^LXXXVIII “twenty” = esrim. Related to “fifteen” in v10. From the same as eser (see note LXXXI above). This is twenty or twentieth.
^LXXXIX “men” = ish. Same as “Ephraimites” in v1. See note I above.
^XC “bearing” = shalaph. This is to draw out, pluck off, grow up.
^XCI “arms” = chereb. From charab (to attack, slay). This is any sharp instrument like a sword, dagger, axe, or mattock.
^XCII “fallen” = naphal. This is to fall, whether by accident, to fall prostrate, or to fall in violent death. Figuratively, it can refer to personal ruin or calamity, a city falling, an attack or a falling away. It can also be a deep sleep or wasting away.

^XCIII “caravan” = shakan + ohel. Literally, “those who dwell in tents.” Shakan is to settle down in the sense of residing somewhere or staying there permanently. It can mean abide or continue. “Mishkan,” taken from this verb, is the Hebrew word for the Tabernacle (as a place where God abided). Ohel is perhaps from ahal (to shine, be clear). This is a tent, covering, home, or side pillar.
^XCIV “route” = derek. From darak (to tread, march, to walk. Can also mean affixing a string to a box since one needs to step on it to bend it in the process; so also an archer). This is a road as a thing that is walked on. Can be used figuratively for the path that one’s life takes or how one chooses to live one’s life.
^XCV “Nobah” = Nobach. 3x in OT. From nabach (to bark like a dog). This is Nobah or Nobach, a place and a name meaning “bark” or “barking.”

^XCVI “Jogbehah” = Yogbehah. 2x in OT. From gabah (to be tall, high, exalted, proud, haughty) OR gabahh (to soar or be lofty; to be high or lift up; figuratively, to be exalted or proud). This is Jogbehah or Yogbehah, a place whose name may mean “exlated” or “lofty” or “hillock.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Jogbehah.html
^XCVII “attacked” = nakah. This is to hit whether lightly or severely. It can be used in a literal or figurative sense. So, this could be beat, punish, give wounds, kill, or slaughter.
^XCVIII “army” = machaneh. Same as “army” in v10. See note LXXX above.

^XCIX “army” = machaneh. Same as “army” in v10. See note LXXX above.
^C “was” = hayah. Related to “Lord” in v7. See note LVIII above.
^CI “guard” = betach. From batach (to hide for refuge, be secure or sure; figuratively, it refers to trust, being confident, or hoping). This is a place of refuge. So, abstractly, it can be confidence, security, hope, trust, or assurance.
^CII “fled” = nus. This is to flee, vanish away, hide, escape, be displayed.
^CIII “pursued” = radaph + achar. Radaph is the same as “pursuing” in v4. See note XXXVIII above. Achar is the same as {untranslated} in v5. See note XLVI above.

^CIV “took” = lakad. This is to capture, seize, or imprison. It is to catch something in a snare or net or trap. It can also mean to occupy of select something by casting lots.
^CV “two” = shenayim. From sheni (double, again, another, second); from shanah (to fold, repeat, double, alter, or disguise). This is two, both, second, couple.
^CVI “army” = machaneh. Same as “army” in v10. See note LXXX above.
^CVII “threw…into a panic” = charad. This is trembling, being afraid, or being terrified. It can also refer to moving quickly due to anxiety.

^CVIII “son” = ben. Same as “people” in v10. See note LXXXVI above.
^CIX “Joash” = Yoash. Related to “Lord” in v7 & “was” in v11. From the same as yehoash (Jehoash, meaning “the Lord is strong); {from YHVH (see note LVIII above) + perhaps esh (fire, burning, flaming, hot; fire in a literal or figurative sense)}. This is Joash, meaning “the Lord is strong.”
^CX “returned” = shub. Same as “come back” in v9. See note LXXV above.
^CXI “battle” = milchamah. Related to “fight” in v1 & “bread” in v5. From lacham (see note VIII above). This is battle, war, fighting, or one who fights (i.e. a warrior).
^CXII “ascent” = maaleh. Related to “went up” in v8. 15x in OT. From alah (see note LXV above). This is elevation, platform, slope, cliff, priority.
^CXIII “Heres” = Cheres. 4x in OT. May come from a word meaning to scrape. This is an itch or the sun.

^CXIV “caught” = lakad. Same as “took” in v12. See note CIV above.
^CXV “young man” = naar. May be from na’ar (to shake, toss up and down, tumble around). This is a child or a servant. It is a child in their active years so they could be aged anywhere from infancy to adolescence.
^CXVI “people” = enosh. Same as “people” in v5. See note XL above.
^CXVII “questioned” = shaal. This is to ask, inquire, beg, borrow, desire, request. It can also mean to demand.
^CXVIII “listed” = kathab. This is to inscribe, write, record, or decree.
^CXIX “elders” = zaqen. From the same as zaqan (beard or chin – the beard represents old age). This is old, aged, or elder.

^CXX “seventy” = shibim. From sheba (seven – the number of perfection/sacred fullness). This is seventy.
^CXXI “seven” = sheba. Related to “seventy” in v14. See note CXX above.
^CXXII “people” = ish. Same as “Ephraimites” in v1. See note I above.
^CXXIII “people” = ish. Same as “Ephraimites” in v1. See note I above.
^CXXIV “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.

^CXXV “here” = hinneh. From hen (lo! Behold! If, though; an expression of surprise). This is to draw attention, show suddenness or surprise, or to emphasize the importance of the coming statement. See! Lo! Behold!
^CXXVI “taunted” = charaph. This is to expose and so figuratively to reproach, defame, carp at, defy. It can also mean spend the winter or betroth.
^CXXVII “saying” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^CXXVIII “hands” = kaph. Same as “hands” in v6. See note LIV above.
^CXXIX “troops” = ish. Same as “Ephraimites” in v1. See note I above.
^CXXX “exhausted” = yaeph. 10x in OT. This is becoming tired or exhausted as following flight. It can also mean to faint.

^CXXXI “took” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^CXXXII “city” = iyr. From uwr (to awaken or wake oneself up). This can mean excitement in the sense of wakefulness or city. Properly, this is a place that is guarded. Guards kept schedules according to watches. This sense of the word would include cities as well as encampments or posts that were guarded.
^CXXXIII “trampled” = yada. This is to know, acknowledge, advise, answer, be aware, be acquainted with. Properly, this is to figure something out by seeing. It includes ideas of observation, recognition, and care about something. It can be used causatively for instruction, designation, and punishment.
^CXXXIV “people” = ish. Same as “Ephraimites” in v1. See note I above.
^CXXXV “killed” = harag. This is to strike with deadly intent so it can be kill, destroy, murder, or put to death.

^CXXXVI “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^CXXXVII “Tabor” = Tabor. 10x in OT. Perhaps Aramaic tebar (to break, be fragile); related to Hebrew shabar (break, collapse, destroy, break in pieces, tear; bursting in a literal or figurative sense). This is Tabor, meaning “broken region.”
^CXXXVIII “answered” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^CXXXIX “one” = echad. Perhaps from achad (to unify, continue on a path; figuratively, to gather one’s thoughts). This is the number one, first, united. It can also be alone, altogether, a certain, a few.
^CXL “resembled” = toar. 15x in OT. From taar (to incline, extend, mark out). This is an outline and so a form or figure or appearance.

^CXLI “brothers” = ach. This is brother, kindred, another, other, like. It is literally brother, but it can also be someone who is similar, resembling, or related to.
^CXLII “mother” = em. This is a mother as binding a family together or a breeding female animal. It could be mother in a literal or figurative sense.
^CXLIII “lives” = chay. From chayah (to live or keep alive literally or figuratively). This is alive, living, lifetime. It can also be used to describe someone’s age. It can refer to animals, plants, water, or a company or congregation of people. It is life in a very broad sense.
^CXLIV “saved…alive” = chayah. Related to “lives” in v19. See note CXLIII above.

^CXLV “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^CXLVI “Jether” = Yether. Related to “were left” in v10. 8x in OT. From the same as yether (a remainder or excess; abundant, superiority; a cord a free-hanging rope); from yathar (see note LXXXIV above). This is Jether or Jethro, a name that means “excellence” or “abundance.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Jether.html
^CXLVII “firstborn” = bekor. From bakar (to bear fruit, be firstborn, firstling, that which opens the womb, give the birthright to). This is firstborn or chief.

^CXLVIII “go” = qum. To arise, stand, accomplish, establish, abide. This is rising as in rising against, getting up after being sick or asleep, arising from one state to another, becoming powerful, or rising for action. It can also be standing in a figurative sense.
^CXLIX “boy” = naar. Same as “young man” in v14. See note CXV above.
^CL “draw” = shalaph. Same as “bearing” in v10. See note XC above.
^CLI “sword” = chereb. Same as “arms” in v10. See note XCI above.
^CLII “was afraid” = yare. This is to fear, be afraid, dreadful. It can also refer to fearful reverence – to fear in a moral sense is to say to revere, respect.
^CLIII “still” = od. From ud (to admonish, repeat, duplicate, testify, restore, record, relieve). This is still, yet, again, more.

^CLIV “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^CLV “come” = qum. Same as “go” in v20. See note CXLVIII above.
^CLVI “kill” = paga. This is to meet or happen, whether unintentionally or of violence. It can also be plead, spare, reach, or intercede.
^CLVII “strength” = geburah. From gabar (to be strong or mighty; to prevail or be insolent). This is force in a literal or figurative sense. So, it could be strength, power, courage, triumph, victory, or mastery.
^CLVIII “went” = qum. Same as “go” in v20. See note CXLVIII above.
^CLIX “killed” = harag. Same as “killed” in v17. See note CXXXV above.

^CLX “took” = laqach. Same as “took” in v16. See note CXXXI above.
^CLXI “crescents” = saharon. 3x in OT – 2x in Judges 8 & 1x in Isaiah 3. Perhaps from the same as sahar (roundness, round). This is moon, crescent – a pendant in that shape.
^CLXII “necks” = tsavvar. Perhaps from tsur (to confine, cramp, or bind in a literal or figurative sense; to besiege, assault, or distress, adversary). This is the neck or the back of the neck.
^CLXIII “camels” = gamal. From gamal (how one deals with someone whether positively or negatively – so to reward, requite; to wean or the work that goes into something ripening). This is a camel as an animal of labor or one that bears burdens. The English word “camel” is from a Semitic source, perhaps Hebrew or others.

^CLXIV “Israelites” = ish + Yisrael. Literally, “men of Israel.” Ish is the same as “Ephraimites” in v1. See note I above. Yisrael is related to “God” in v3 & “Penuel” in v8. From sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (see note XVIII above). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.
^CLXV “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^CLXVI “rule” = mashal. This is to rule, reign, govern, have authority, wield.
^CLXVII {untranslated} = gam. Same as “so” in v9. See note LXXI above.

^CLXVIII {untranslated} = gam. Same as “so” in v9. See note LXXI above.
^CLXIX “grandson” = ben + ben. Literally, “son of your son.” Same as “people” in v10. See note LXXXVI above.
^CLXX “also” = gam. Same as “so” in v9. See note LXXI above.
^CLXXI “delivered” = yasha. To deliver, defend, help, preserve, rescue, be safe. Properly, to be open, wide or free, which implies being safe. Used causatively, it means to free.
^CLXXII “hand” = yad. Same as “hands” in v3. See note XX above.

^CLXXIII “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^CLXXIV “said” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^CLXXV “make” = shaal. Same as “questioned” in v14. See note CXVII above.
^CLXXVI “request” = sheelah. Related to “questioned” in v14. 14x in OT. From shaal (see note CXVII above). This is something that is requested like a petition, request, or loan. Used frequently in the book of Esther.

^CLXXVII “each” = ish. Same as “Ephraimites” in v1. See note I above.
^CLXXVIII “earring” = nezem. 17x in OT. This is a ring worn for decorative reasons. It also includes earrings, nose rings, or other jewels.
^CLXXIX “spoil” = shalal. From shalal (to plunder, loot, capture). This is spoil, prey, or plunder.
^CLXXX “golden” = zahab. Root may mean to shimmer. This is gold or something that has the color of gold like oil. It can also refer to a clear sky – to good weather.
^CLXXXI “Ishmaelites” = Yishmeeli. Related to “God” in v3 & “Penuel” in v8 & “Israelites” in v22. 8x in OT. From Yishmael (Ishmael, meaning “God hears” or “God will hear”); {from shama (hear, call, consent, or consider; implies listening intelligently, giving attention; obedience and action are often implied) + El (see note XVIII above)}. This is Ishmaelite.

^CLXXXII “willingly give” = natan + natan. Same as “given” in v3. See note XIX above. The word is repeated twice – the first time as an Infinitive Absolute. The Infinitive Absolute serves to emphasize the sentiment of the word. It is rather like Foghorn Leghorn’s speech pattern, “I said, I said.”
^CLXXXIII “answered” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note II above.
^CLXXXIV “spread” = paras. This is to spread or stretch out, extend, break up, chop to pieces, disperse, display.
^CLXXXV “garment” = simlah. Perhaps from semel (image, figure, likeness). This is mantle, clothes, wrapper.
^CLXXXVI “threw” = shalak. This is to throw, fling, or hurl. It can also be to throw away in a literal or figurative sense.

^CLXXXVII “weight” = mishqal. From shaqal (to weigh, spend, trade). This is to weigh, or a unit of weight. It shares a root with the word “shekel.”
^CLXXXVIII “requested” = shaal. Same as “questioned” in v14. See note CXVII above.
^CLXXXIX “gold” = zahab. Same as “golden” in v24. See note CLXXX above.
^CXC “apart” = bad. From badad (to divide or be separated; alone, solitary, lonely, isolated, straggler). This is apart, alone, separation, body part, tree branch, except. It can also be a city’s chief.
^CXCI “pendants” = netiphah. 2x in OT. From nataph (to drip, ooze, or drop; the process of gradual distillation that causes liquid to fall drop by drop; figuratively, prophesying or inspired speech). This is a pendant, earring, perhaps of pearls.

^CXCII “purple” = argaman. This is purple or red-purple. It can refer to the color or something dyed in that color.
^CXCIII “garments” = beged. From bagad (to cover or conceal; figuratively, to act in a covert or treacherous way, to transgress or pillage). This is clothing, garment, robe, or some other kind of clothing. Figuratively, it can be treachery or pillaging.
^CXCIV {untranslated} = bad. Same as “apart” in v26. See note CXC above.
^CXCV “collars” = anaq. 3x in OT. From anaq (to encircle like a necklace or function as a necklace; figuratively, to furnish with supplies). This is a necklace or its pendant.

^CXCVI “made” = asah. Same as “done” in v1. See note IV above.
^CXCVII “ephod” = ephod. This is an ephod, shoulder piece – perhaps a breastplate or apron. It can refer specifically to a ritual garment worn by the high priest. Alternately, it can refer to an image.
^CXCVIII “put” = yatsag. 16x in OT. This is to set, establish, present, stay. It can imply putting something somewhere permanently.
^CXCIX “town” = iyr. Same as “city” in v16. See note CXXXII above.
^CC “Ophrah” = Ophrah. 8x in OT. From the same as opher (stag, fawn, hart); from aphar (to throw dust, be dust); from aphar (dust as powdered, perhaps gray colored; ashes, powder, ground, rubbish). This is Ophrah, a person and place name that may mean “female fawn.”

^CCI “Israel” = Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v22. See note CLXIV above.
^CCII “prostituted” = zanah. This is being or playing a prostitute. Figuratively, it can also mean fornicating.
^CCIII “to” = achar. Same as {untranslated} in v5. See note XLVI above.
^CCIV “became” = hayah. Same as “was” in v11. See note C above.
^CCV “snare” = moqesh. From yaqosh (ensnare, lay bait, lure, trapper; to snare literally or figuratively). This is bait, barb, snare, trap; a noose or hook to trap animals in a literal or figurative sense.
^CCVI “family” = bayit. Related to “people” in v10. Probably from banah (see note LXXXVI above). This is house, court, family, palace, temple.

^CCVII “subdued” = kana. This is to be humble, subdue, humiliate, conquer. Properly, it means to bend the knee.
^CCVIII “before” = paneh. Related to “Penuel” in v8. See note LXVI above.
^CCIX “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Literally, “children of Israel.” Ben is the same as “people” in v10. See note LXXXVI above. Yisrael is the same as “Israelites” in v22. See note CLXIV above.
^CCX “lifted up” = nasa. This is to lift in a broad sense, literally and figuratively. So it could be to carry, take, or arise. It could also be bring forth, advance, accept.
^CCXI “heads” = rosh. This may come a word that means to shake. It is the head, captain, or chief. It can also be excellent or the forefront. It can be first in position or in statue or in time (i.e. the beginning).
^CCXII “more” = yasaph. This is to add, increase, continue, exceed.

^CCXIII “land” = erets. Root may mean to be firm. This is earth, ground, field land, or country.
^CCXIV “had rest” = shaqat. This is to be quiet, rest, calm, settle, be still, peace.
^CCXV “forty” = arbaim. From the same as arba (four); from raba (to make square or be four-sided); perhaps from raba (to lie down flat; can be to lie for mating). This is forty.
^CCXVI “years” = shanah. From shana (to change, alter). This is a year, age, old. It can also mean yearly.
^CCXVII “days” = yom. Root may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.

^CCXVIII “Jerubbaal” = Yerubbaal. Related to “upbraided” in v1. 14x in OT. From rib (see note X above) + Baal (Baal, literally “lord,” a Phoenician god); {from the same as ba’al (lord, owner, ally, or archer); from ba’al (to marry, have dominion, be master)}. This is Jerubbaal, a name that means “let Baal contend” or “the Lord contends” or “Baal contends” or “he will contend with Baal” or “let Baal plead.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Jerubbaal.html
^CCXIX “went” = halak. Same as “went” in v1. See note VII above.
^CCXX “live” = yashab. This is to sit and so to remain and so to dwell. It is sitting for any reason – as a judge, in order to ambush, or just sitting quietly. Causatively, this can mean settling or marrying. This can also mean continue, endure, or establish.
^CCXXI “house” = bayit. Same as “family” in v27. See note CCVI above.

^CCXXII “had” = hayah. Same as “was” in v11. See note C above.
^CCXXIII “offspring” = yatsa + yarek. Yatsa is to go or come out, bring forth, appear. It is to go out in a literal or figurative sense. Yarek comes from a root that may mean to be soft. This is thigh, side, body, shank. It can be used figuratively for genitalia.
^CCXXIV “many” = rab. From rabab (increasing in any aspect whether quantity, authority, size, quality, greatness, etc.). This is abundance, many, elder, exceedingly, great. It refers to abundance of amount, rank, or status.
^CCXXV “wives” = ishshah. Related to “Ephraimites” in v1 & “people” in v5. From ish (see note I above). This is woman, wife, or female.

^CCXXVI “concubine” = pilegesh. This is a concubine or paramour.
^CCXXVII “Shechem” = Shekem. From the same as shekem (shoulder, neck, or some other place that bears burdens; figuratively, the spur of a hill, or one’s allotted portion); from shakam (to rise early, begin work early; properly, this is leaning one’s shoulder or back into a load or a burden; also, loading an animal for work). This is Shechem, meaning “ridge.”
^CCXXVIII “bore” = yalad. This is to bear or bring forth. It can mean to act as midwife or to show one’s lineage. This is often used for birth or begetting.

^CCXXIX “named” = sim + et + shem. Sim is to put or place in a literal or figurative sense. It can be appoint, care, change, make, and may other things. Shem is related to “named” in v31. May be from sim (see above). This is name, fame, renown. A name was thought to indicate something essential about a person – something about their individuality. So, this word can also mean honor, authority, or character.
^CCXXX “Abimelech” = Abimelek. Related to “Abiezer” in v2 & to “kings” in v5. From ab (see note XVII above) + melek (see note XLIX above). This is Abimelech, meaning “father is king.”
^CCXXXI “died” = mut. This is to die in a literal or figurative sense. It can also refer to being a dead body.
^CCXXXII “good” = tob. Same as “better” in v2. See note XV above.
^CCXXXIII “old age” = sebah. 19x in OT. From sib (to have gray hair, become old). This is being gray or old.

^CCXXXIV “buried” = qabar. This is to bury or inter. It could also refer to the person who does the burying.
^CCXXXV “tomb” = qeber. Related to “buried” in v32. From qabar (see note CCXXXIV above). This is a place where one is buried such as a grave or tomb.
^CCXXXVI “father” = ab. Related to “Abiezer” in v2 & “Abimelech” in v31. See note XVII above.
^CCXXXVII “Abiezrites” = Abi Haezri. Related to “Abiezer” in v2 & “Abimelech” in v31 & “father” in v32 & to “Abiezer” in v2. 3x in OT– 2x in Judges 6 & 1x in Judges 8. From Abiezer (see note XVII above). This is Abiezrite – someone descended from Abiezer.

^CCXXXVIII {untranslated} = hayah. Same as “was” in v11. See note C above.
^CCXXXIX “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v28. See note CCIX above.
^CCXL “relapsed’ = shub. Same as “come back” in v9. See note LXXV above.
^CCXLI “with” = achar. Same as {untranslated} in v5. See note XLVI above.
^CCXLII “Baals” = Baal. Related to “Jerubbaal” in v29. See note CCXVIII above.

^CCXLIII “making” = sim. Same as “named” in v31. See note CCXXIX above.
^CCXLIV “Baal-berith” = Baal Berith. Related to “Jerubbaal” in v29 & “Baals” in v33. 2x in OT – in Judges 8 + 9. From Baal (see note CCXVIII above) + berit (compact, covenant, alliance, treatry, league); {perhaps from barah (to eat, choose, make clear); perhaps from bar (grain, wheat); from barar (to select, purify, cleanse, test, brighten, polish)}. This is Baal-berith, a deity whose name means “Baal of the covenant” or “lord of the covenant.”
^CCXLV “god” = elohim. Same as “God” in v3. See note XVIII above.

^CCXLVI “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Same as “Israelites” in v28. See note CCIX above.
^CCXLVII “remember” = zakar. This is to remember, to mark something so that it can be recalled, to be mindful of, to mention.
^CCXLVIII “rescued” = natsal. This is to snatch someone or something away in a good sense – as rescue, defend, or deliver – or in a bad sense – as strip or plunder.
^CCXLIX “hand” = yad. Same as “hands” in v3. See note XX above.

^CCL “enemies” = oyeb. From ayab (to hate or be hostile to). This is a foe or enemy as one that you are hostile to.
^CCLI “every side” = sabib. From sabab (turning around, going around; to surround, cast, walk, fetch; to revolve or border in a literal or figurative sense). This is a circuit or a circle. It could refer to an environment, one’s neighbors, or a circular path round about.
^CCLII “exhibit” = asah. Same as “done” in v1. See note IV above.
^CCLIII “loyalty” = chesed. From chasad (being good, kind, merciful; may mean bowing one’s neck as is done in the presence of an equal for courtesy’s sake; so, if one in a superior position is treating you like an equal, that is what is captured here). This is favor, goodness, kindness, loving kindness, pity, reproach, or a good deed. When done by God to humanity, this is mercy/loving kindness. When done by humanity to God, it is piety.