Leviticus 11

^I “Lord” = YHVH. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (to come to pass, become, be). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.
^II “spoke” = dabar. This is generally to speak, answer, declare, or command. It might mean to arrange and so to speak in a figurative sense as arranging words.
^III “Moses” = Mosheh. From mashah (to pull out in a literal or figurative sense, to draw out) OR from Egyptian mes or mesu (child, son i.e. child of…). This is Moses – the one drawn out from the water, which is to say, rescued. If derived from the Egyptian, his name would share a root with Rameses and Thutmose.
^IV “Aaron” = Aharon. Derivation uncertain. May mean “bearer of martyrs” OR be related to Ancient Egyptian ꜥḥꜣ rw (warrior lion) OR elevated, exalted, high mountain. This is Aaron. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Aaron

^V “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Literally, “children of Israel.” Ben is from banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense. Yisrael is from sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + el (God or god). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.
^VI “all” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.
^VII “land” = erets. Root may mean to be firm. This is earth, ground, field land, or country.
^VIII “animals” = behemah. This is animal or cattle. It is often used of large quadrupeds.
^IX “creatures” = chay. From chayah (to live or keep alive literally or figuratively). This is alive, living, lifetime. It can also be used to describe someone’s age. It can refer to animals, plants, water, or a company or congregation of people. It is life in a very broad sense.
^X “eat” = akal. This is to eat, devour, burn up, or otherwise consume. It can be eating in a literal or figurative sense.

^XI “any” = kol. Same as “all” in v2. See note VI above.
^XII “divided” = paras. 14x in OT. To break in two, divide, to have hoofs (as divided feet). This is breaking in pieces, but it is generally not referring to violence. So, this would be to split, distribute, or share. This is the root verb that “Pharisee” comes from since they were separated or separatists to pursue lives of purity.
^XIII “hoofs” = parash. Related to “divided” n v3. From paras (see note XII above). This is a hoof or claw as split.

^XIV “is cleft-footed” = shasa + shesa + parash. Shasa is 9x in OT. This is to tear, divide, or rebuke. It can also mean cleft as in cleft-footed. Shesa is related to “is cleft-footed” in v3. 4x in OT. From shasa (see above). This is cleft or hoof. Parash is the same as “hoofs” in v3. See note XIII above.
^XV “chews” = alah. This is to go up, approach, ascend, be high, be a priority; to arise in a literal or figurative sense.
^XVI “cud” = gerah. 11x in OT. From garar (to drag out or dray away). This is cud as something that is dragged up past the throat.
^XVII “such” = behemah. Same as “animals” in v2. See note VIII above.

^XVIII “camel” = gamal. From gamal (how one deals with someone whether positively or negatively – so to reward, requite; to wean or the work that goes into something ripening). This is a camel as an animal of labor or one that bears burdens. The English word “camel” is from a Semitic source, perhaps Hebrew or others.
^XIX “unclean” = tame. From tame (to defile, be unclean, pollute in a ritual or ethical sense). This is unclean, ill, or ritually impure.
^XX “rock badger” = shaphan. From saphan (treasure); perhaps from the same as saphan (to cover, reserve, hide, roof, treasure). This is a coney or hyrax – an animals that hides.
^XXI “pig” = chazir. 7x in OT. May come from a word that means to enclose. This is a pig or boar.
^XXII “has” = hayah. Related to “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^XXIII “chew” = garar. Related to “cud” in v3. 5x in OT. See note XVI above.

^XXIV “flesh” = basar. From basar (being a messenger, publish, carry preach; properly, this is being fresh, rosy or cheerful as one bearing news). This is flesh, the body, fat, skin, self, nakedness, humankind, or kin. It can also refer to private parts.
^XXV “carcasses” = nebelah. From nabel (to fall away, faint, wither, languish, sink; figuratively, being senseless, foolish, or wicked; to despise, disgrace, or fall to nothing, to be seen with contempt). This is a body, whether human or animal. It can also refer to an idol.
^XXVI “touch” = naga. This is touch, reach, arrive, come near, strike. This is touching for any reason including sexual or violent.

^XXVII “waters” = mayim. This is water, waters, or waterway in a general sense. Figuratively, it can also mean juice, urine, or semen.
^XXVIII “everything” = kol. Same as “all” in v2. See note VI above.
^XXIX “scales” = qasqeseth. 8x in OT. It may come from a word that means to come off in scales like bark comes off a tree. It can refer to fish scales or mail armor.
^XXX “seas” = yam. Root may mean to roar. This is the sea, often referring to the Mediterranean. It comes from the root in the sense of the roar of crashing surf. This word is sometimes used for rivers or other sources of water. It can mean to the west or to the south.
^XXXI “streams” = nachal. From nachal (to take as heritage, inherit, or distribute). This is a river or stream. It could be a wadi or arroyo – sometimes a narrow valley with no water at all, but in strong rains or when winter snow melts, it swells or floods with water.

^XXXII “anything” = kol. Same as “all” in v2. See note VI above.
^XXXIII {untranslated} = kol. Same as “all” in v2. See note VI above.
^XXXIV “swarming” = sherets. 15x in OT. From sharats (to swarm, creep, abound, breed a lot, wriggle). This is things that teem or swarm – insects, moving creatures.

^XXXV “living” = chay. Same as “creatures” in v2. See note IX above.
^XXXVI “creatures” = nephesh. Related to naphash (to refresh or be refreshed). This is soul, self, person, emotion. It is a breathing creature. Can also refer to appetites and desires.
^XXXVII “detestable” = sheqets. 11x in OT. Perhaps from shaqats (to detest, be filthy, pollute, cause to be abominable). This is something detestable or abhorrent. It can mean filth and so figuratively refer to something used as an idol.
^XXXVIII “remain” = hayah. Same as “has” in v7. See note XXII above.
^XXXIX “regard as detestable” = shaqats. Related to “detestable” in v10. 7x in OT. See note XXXVII above.

^XL “birds” = oph. From uph (to fly, flee, shine, be weary, be faint). This is a flying creature.
^XLI “abomination” = sheqets. Same as “detestable” in v10. See note XXXVII above.
^XLII “eagle” = nesher. This is an eagle or vulture – some kind of large bird of prey. Its root may mean lacerate.
^XLIII “vulture” = peres. Related to “divided” and “hoofs” in v3. 2x in OT. From paras (see note XII above). This is a claw or it can refer to a bird of prey like a vulture or eagle.
^XLIV “osprey” = ozniyyah. 2x in OT. Perhaps from oz (strength in the sense of force, majesty, praise, material and physical strength, the abstract notion of security; also social or political power); {from azaz (to be strong, become fixed, be bold, prevail, be impudent; it means to be stout literally or figuratively; a Late Hebrew word). This is some kind of bird of prey. It can be a vulture or osprey.

^XLV “buzzard” = daah. 1x in OT. From daah (to fly swiftly or swoop down). This is a bird of prey – it may be a vulture or kite.
^XLVI “kite” = ayah. 4x in OT. Perhaps from iy (alas, woe); from oy (alas, woe, oh!); from avah (to desire, crave, wish for, lust after). This is a hawk or falcon.
^XLVII “kind” = min. This is kind, sort, or species.
^XLVIII “every” = kol. Same as “all” in v2. See note VI above.
^XLIX “raven” = oreb. 10x in OT. Perhaps from arab (to grow dark, become gloomy); from ereb (evening, night, twilight) or from arab (to bargain, barter, give or take in pledge; to braid or intermingle). This is a raven.

^L {untranslated} = bat. Related to “Israelites” in v2. From ben (see note V above). This is daughter in a literal or figurative sense.
^LI “ostrich” = yaanah. 8x in OT– 4x as figures of wilderness or desolation, 2x to say they are not clean for eating, and 2x as part of God’s creation that honors God and laments destruction. Perhaps from anah (to testify, sing, respond). This is greed, ostrich, or owl.
^LII “nighthawk” = tachmas. 2x in OT. From chamas (to violate, do violence, to wrong; implies mistreatment). This is some kind of violent bird. It could be an ostrich, owl, or night hawk. It might also mean sickness.
^LIII “sea gull” = shachaph. 2x in OT. May come from a word that means to peel or make thin. It is a sea gull or cuckoo.
^LIV “hawk” = nets. 4x in OT. From natsats (to sparkle, have a bright color). This is a blossom or flower. It could also refer to a hawk, which seems to gleam with its great speed.

^LV “little owl” = kos. This is a cup or it could refer to an owl since theirs eyes look similar to cups.
^LVI “cormorant” = shalak. 2x in OT. From shalak (to throw, fling, or hurl; to throw away in a literal or figurative sense). This is some kind of bird of prey – perhaps a cormorant or a pelican.
^LVII “great owl” = yanshuph. 3x in OT. From nashaph (to blow like a breeze of fresh wind). This is a great owl or a heron.

^LVIII “water hen” = tinshemeth. 3x in OT. From nasham (to blow away, pant, gasp). This is an owl or chameleon. It is something that breathes hard. It might also be a tree toad, mole swan, or water hen.
^LIX “desert owl” = qaath. 5x in OT. Perhaps from qow’ (to vomit up or out). This is owl, pelican, or cormorant.
^LX “carrion vulture” = racham. 2x in OT. Perhaps from racham (to love, have compassion, have mercy); from racham (compassion, tender love, womb, compassion; the womb as that which cherishes the fetus). This is a carrion vulture or gier-eagle.

^LXI “stork” = chasidah. 6x in OT. From chasid (faithful, kind, pious, merciful, or gracious; godly or pious people); from chasad (being good, kind, merciful; may mean bowing one’s neck as is done in the presence of an equal for courtesy’s sake; so, if one in a superior position is treating you like an equal, that is what is captured here). This is a stork or a feather.
^LXII “heron” = anaphah. 2x in OT. From anaph (to be angry; properly, breathing hard as a signifier of being enraged). This is heron or parrot.
^LXIII “hoopoe” = dukiphath. 2x in OT. From the same as duk (to pound or beat). This is hoopoe, lapwing, or grouse.

^LXIV “winged” = oph. Same as “birds” in v13. See note XL above.
^LXV “insects” = sherets. Same as “swarming” in v10. See note XXXIV above.
^LXVI “walk” = halak. This is go, come, walk. It is walk literally and figuratively and includes people and animals. It can be used figuratively for one’s moral life – how we walk according to God’s way or against it. It can also refer to the walk of life as in the course one’s life takes, the choices we make, etc.
^LXVII “all fours” = arba. From raba (to make square or be four-sided). This is four.

^LXVIII “jointed legs” = kera. 9x in OT. From kara (to bow, crouch, kneel down, subdue; to bend the knee in many senses). This is the leg, but only from the knee down to the ankle. It is used in the OT of people and of locusts.
^LXIX “above” = maal. Related to “chews” in v3. From alah (see note XV above). This is the upper part, forward, high above, upwards, greater, heaven, or exceedingly.
^LXX “feet” = regel. This is foot, endurance, or journey. It is a foot as the means of walking and so it implies a step or a greater journey. It can be used euphemistically for private parts.
^LXXI “leap” = nathar. 8x in OT. This is to jump, spring, undo, be greatly agitated, untie, or terrify.
^LXXII “ground” = erets. Same as “land” in v2. See note VII above.

^LXXIII “locusts” = arbeh. From rabah (increasing in any aspect whether quantity, authority, size, quality, greatness, etc.). This is a locust from its abundance – a swarming locust or grasshopper.
^LXXIV “bald locusts” = solam. 1x in OT. Probably from the same as sela (root may mean being lofty; a rock, cliff, crag, mountain; figuratively, obstinance or God as a refuge; fortress or stronghold). This is a consuming, destructive locust. It may be a bald locust.
^LXXV “crickets” = chargol. 1x in OT. This is a cricket, beetle, or locust.
^LXXVI “grasshoppers” = chagab. 5x in OT. This is a locust or grasshopper.

^LXXVII “become unclean” = tame. Related to “unclean” in v4. See note XIX above.
^LXXVIII “whoever” = kol. Same as “all” in v2. See note VI above.
^LXXIX “evening” = ereb. Related to “raven” in v15. See note XLIX above.
^LXXX “carries” = nasa. This is to lift in a broad sense, literally and figuratively. So it could be to carry, take, or arise. It could also be bring forth, advance, accept.
^LXXXI “wash” = kabas. This is to trample – washing by stomping feet. It can be fulling in a literal or figurative sense.
^LXXXII “clothes” = beged. From bagad (to cover or conceal; figuratively, to act in a covert or treacherous way, to transgress or pillage). This is clothing, garment, robe, or some other kind of clothing. Figuratively, it can be treachery or pillaging.

^LXXXIII “chew” = alah. Same as “chews” in v3. See note XV above.
^LXXXIV “everyone” = kol. Same as “all” in v2. See note VI above.
^LXXXV “paws” = kaph. From kaphaph (to bend – from a root meaning curve or bend down). This is palm of the hand or sole of the foot, footstep, grasp. Figuratively, it can also mean power.
^LXXXVI {untranslated} = kol. Same as “all” in v2. See note VI above.
^LXXXVII “animals” = chay. Same as “creatures” in v2. See note IX above.

^LXXXVIII “creatures” = sherets. Same as “swarming” in v10. See note XXXIV above.
^LXXXIX “swarm” = sharats. Related to “swarming” in v10. 14x in OT. See note XXXIV above.
^XC “earth” = erets. Same as “land” in v2. See note VII above.
^XCI “weasel” = choled. 1x in OT. Perhaps from the same as cheled (may come from a word meaning to glide along quickly; life or a lifetime as a short length of time; an age, duration, or the world – all as transient). This is a weasel or mole.
^XCII “mouse” = akbar. 6x in OT. Probably from the same as akkabish (a spider; root may mean to entangle). This is a mouse.
^XCIII “lizards” = tsab. 3x in OT. It may come from a word meaning to establish. It is a litter (the covered conveyance) or it can be a lizard or tortoise.

^XCIV “gecko” = anaqah. 1x in OT. From anaq (to cry or groan). This is a ferret, shrewmouse, or gecko.
^XCV “land crocodile” = koach. Root may mean to be firm. This is power, strength, force. It can be literal or figurative, positive or negative. It can also mean capacity or means – what something produces. Additionally, it could refer to some kind of small reptile.
^XCVI “lizard” = letaah. 1x in OT. It may come from a word that means to hide. It is a lizard.
^XCVII “sand lizard” = chomet. 1x in OT. May come from a word that means to creep or lie low. This is a sand reptile or snail.
^XCVIII “chameleon” = tinshemeth. Same as “water hen” in v18. See note LVIII above.

^XCIX “dead” = maveth. From muth (to die in a literal or figurative sense). This can be death, deadliness, the dead, or the place where the dead go. It can be used figuratively for pestilence or ruin.
^C “falls” = naphal. This is to fall, whether by accident, to fall prostrate, or to fall in violent death. Figuratively, it can refer to personal ruin or calamity, a city falling, an attack or a falling away. It can also be a deep sleep or wasting away.
^CI “an” = kol. Same as “all” in v2. See note VI above.
^CII “article” = keli. From kalah (to end, be finished, complete, prepare, consume, spent, or completely destroyed). This is something that was prepared – any implement, utensil, article, vessel, weapon, or instrument. Also includes jewels, weapons, bags, carriages, and furniture.

^CIII “wood” = ets. Perhaps from atsah (to shut, fasten, firm up, to close one’s eyes). This is tree or other things related to trees like wood, sticks, or stalks. It can also refer to wood products like a plank or staff or gallows. Additionally, this can refer to a carpenter.
^CIV “cloth” = beged. Same as “clothes” in v25. See note LXXXIII above.
^CV “leather” = or. Perhaps from ur (to be made naked, exposed, or bare). This is skin, hide, or leather. It can also refer to a body.
^CVI “sackcloth” = saq. Perhaps from shaqaq (to run, rush; to pursue like a predator; to search for with greed or appetite). This is sack or sackcloth. It is a mesh fabric used for bags or clothes. It is used as clothing for times of grief or humiliation. It is perhaps the same root that the word “sack” comes from.
^CVII “used” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.

^CVIII “purpose” = melakah. From the same as malak (messenger, an angel, or a deputy; human messengers literally or for prophets, priests, or teachers as messengers of God; also supernatural messengers i.e. angels). Properly, this is a deputyship or some kind of work. It can also be the product that comes from labor.
^CIX “dipped” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^CX “be clean” = taher. This is properly being bright, which implies being pure or clean. This word can also mean purge, cleanse, or purify. It can be clean in a ritual sense or a moral one (i.e. moral or holy).

^CXI “into” = tavek. This is among, middle, in the midst, the center. Perhaps, properly, to sever.
^CXII “clay” = cheres. 17x in OT. This is earthenware, a potsherd, a stone.
^CXIII “vessel” = keli. Same as “article” in v32. See note CIII above.
^CXIV “in” = tavek. Same as “into” in v33. See note CXII above.
^CXV “break” = shabar. This is break, collapse, destroy, break in pieces, tear. It is bursting in a literal or figurative sense.

^CXVI “food” = okel. Related to “eat” in v2. From akal (see note X above). This is food, supply of provisions, the act of eating, or the time when one eats.
^CXVII “comes” = bo. Same as “dipped” in v32. See note CX above.
^CXVIII “liquid” = mashqeh. 19x in OT. From shaqah (to give water to, to cause to drink – to irrigate, drown; watering plants or giving water to flocks). This is drinking, a drink, cupbearer, or a place that is well irrigated.
^CXIX “drunk” = shathah. This is to drink literally or figuratively. It could also be a drinker.

^CXX “oven” = tannur. 15x in OT. From the same as tenuk (ear lobe, pinnacle, extremity); perhaps from the same as anak (plumb line, hook; root may mean to be narrow) OR from ner (properly, to glisten; a lamp, light, burner, candle; light literal or figurative). This is a portable stove, oven, or furnace.
^CXXI “stove” = kir. 1x in OT. From the same as kur (furnace, smelting pot; perhaps from a word that means to dig through). This is a cooking furnace or stove. It would be built from two stones that have a boiler set across them.
^CXXII “broken in pieces” = nathats. This is to pull down, demolish, break down, raze, overthrow.

^CXXIII “spring” = mayan. From ayin (eye, appearance; eye in a literal or figurative sense; a fountain). This is a spring, well, or fountain. Figuratively, this is a source of contentment.
^CXXIV “cistern” = bor. From bur (to bore; figuratively, to explain, examine, or clear up). This is a pit – generally a cistern or dungeon. It could also be a well or fountain.
^CXXV “holding” = miqveh. 12x in OT. From qavah (to bind or gather together, especially in the sense of twisting together – collect; figuratively, to wait, await, expect, or tarry). This is something collected together, i.e. a pond or pool, a group of people or caravan, a drove. It can also be something that is awaited or hoped for.
^CXXVI “be” = hayah. Same as “has” in v7. See note XXII above
^CXXVII “clean” = tahor. Related to “be clean” in v32. From taher (see note CXI above). This is clean or pure in a literal, ritual, or ethical sense.

^CXXVIII “seed” = zera. From zara (to sow or scatter seed; conceive or yield). This is seed or sowing. It can, thus, mean a fruit, plant, sowing time, child, offspring, or posterity.
^CXXIX “set aside” = zerua. Related to “seed” in v37. 2x in OT. From zara (see note CXXIX above). This is the act of sowing or the thing that is sown.
^CXXX “sowing” = zara. Related to “seed” and “set aside” in v37. See note CXXIX above.
^CXXXI “put” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.

^CXXXII “animal” = behemah. Same as “animals” in v2. See note VIII above.
^CXXXIII “eat” = oklah. Related to “eat” in v2 & “food” in v34. 18x in OT. From okel (see note CXVI above). This is food, eating, fuel, meat, consume.
^CXXXIV “dies” = mut. Related to “dead” in v31. See note C above.
^CXXXV “creatures” = sherets. Same as “swarming” in v10. See note XXXIV above.
^CXXXVI “whatever” = kol. Same as “all” in v2. See note VI above.
^CXXXVII “moves” = halak. Same as “walk” in v20. See note LXVII above.

^CXXXVIII “belly” = gachon. 2x in OT – here and in the curse on the snake in Genesis 3:14. Perhaps from giyach (to break, gush like water, give birth). This is belly, used particularly for reptiles or other creatures.
^CXXXIX “has many” = rabah. Related to “locusts” in v22. See note LXXIV above.
^CXL “creatures” = sherets. Same as “swarming” in v10. See note XXXIV above.
^CXLI “yourselves” = nephesh. Same as “creatures” in v10. See note XXXVI above.
^CXLII “creature” = sherets. Same as “swarming” in v10. See note XXXIV above.
^CXLIII “defile” = tame. Same as “become unclean” in v24. See note LXXVIII above.
^CXLIV “become unclean” = tamah. Related to “unclean” in v4 & “become unclean” in v24. 2x in OT. Perhaps from tame (see note LXXVIII above). This is to be foolish or defiled.

^CXLV “God” = Elohim. Related to “Israelites” in v2. See note V above.
^CXLVI “sanctify” = qadash. From qodesh (set apart and so sacred; God is different from us and so God is holy/set apart; things we dedicate to God’s service are set apart for God and so they, too, are holy). This is set apart, consecrated, hallowed, sanctified. This is something or someone that is set apart for a holy purpose or use – ceremonially or morally clean.
^CXLVII “holy” = qadosh. Related to “sanctify” in v44. From qodesh (see note CXLVII above). This is sacred or holy in a ritual or moral sense. As a noun, it refers to a holy one (like a saint or angel), a holy place (the sanctuary), or God (the Holy One).

^CXLVIII “yourselves” = nephesh. Same as “creatures” in v10. See note XXXVI above.
^CXLIX “swarming” = ramas. 17x in OT. This is gliding swiftly, moving with quick steps or crawling. It is to swarm or prowl or move about.
^CL “creature” = sherets. Same as “swarming” in v10. See note XXXIV above.
^CLI “brought…up” = alah. Same as “chews” in v3. See note XV above.
^CLII “Egypt” = Mitsrayim. Perhaps from matsor (besieged or fortified place, bulwark, entrenchment; something hemmed in; a siege or distress or fastness); from tsur (to confine, besiege, to cramp). This is Egypt.

^CLIII “law” = torah. From yarah (to throw, shoot, be stunned; to flow as water so figuratively to instruct or teach). This is law, instruction, teaching, or statute. It can also refer to the first five books of the Bible – the Torah.
^CLIV “land animal” = behemah. Same as “animals” in v2. See note VIII above.
^CLV “creature” = nephesh. Same as “creatures” in v10. See note XXXVI above.
^CLVI “moves” = ramas. Same as “swarming” in v44. See note CL above.
^CLVII “creature” = nephesh. Same as “creatures” in v10. See note XXXVI above.
^CLVIII “swarms” = sharats. Same as “swarm” in v29. See note XC above.

^CLIX “make a distinction” = badal. This is to divide, distinguish, select, differ, sever. It is to divine in a literal or figurative sense.
^CLX “between” = bayin. From bin (to discern, consider, attend to; distinguishing things in one’s mind or, more generally, to understand). This is among, between, interval.
^CLXI {untranslated} = bayin. Same as “between” in v47. See note CLXI above.
^CLXII “creature” = chay. Same as “creatures” in v2. See note IX above.
^CLXIII {untranslated} = bayin. Same as “between” in v47. See note CLXI above.
^CLXIV “living creature” = chay. Same as “creatures” in v2. See note IX above.