Leviticus 22

^I “Lord” = YHVH. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (to come to pass, become, be). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.
^II “spoke” = dabar. This is generally to speak, answer, declare, or command. It might mean to arrange and so to speak in a figurative sense as arranging words.
^III “Moses” = Mosheh. From mashah (to pull out in a literal or figurative sense, to draw out) OR from Egyptian mes or mesu (child, son i.e. child of…). This is Moses – the one drawn out from the water, which is to say, rescued. If derived from the Egyptian, his name would share a root with Rameses and Thutmose.

^IV “direct” = dabar. Same as “spoke” in v1. See note II above.
^V “Aaron” = Aharon. Derivation uncertain. May mean “bearer of martyrs” OR be related to Ancient Egyptian ꜥḥꜣ rw (warrior lion) OR elevated, exalted, high mountain. This is Aaron. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Aaron
^VI “sons” = ben. From banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense.

^VII “deal” = nazar. 10x in OT. This is to dedicate, set apart, fast, keep self from impurity, refrain from worship. It is to consecrate for a holy purpose.
^VIII “sacred donations” = qodesh. This is set apart and so sacred. God is different from us and so God is holy/set apart. Things we dedicate to God’s service are set apart for God and so they, too, are holy, etc.
^IX “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Literally, “children of Israel.” Ben is the same as “sons” in v2. See note VI above. Yisrael is from sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + el (God or god). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.

^X “dedicate” = qadash. Related to “sacred donations” in v2. From qodesh (see note VIII above). This is set apart, consecrated, hallowed, sanctified. This is something or someone that is set apart for a holy purpose or use – ceremonially or morally clean.
^XI “profane” = chalal. This is to pierce, which implies to wound. It is used figuratively for making someone or something profane or breaking your word. It can also mean to begin as though one opened a wedge. Also, to eat something as a common thing.
^XII “holy” = qodesh. Same as “sacred donations” in v2. See note VIII above.
^XIII “name” = shem. May be from sum (to put, place, set). This is name, fame, renown. A name was thought to indicate something essential about a person – something about their individuality. So, this word can also mean honor, authority, or character.

^XIV “anyone” = kol + ish. Kol is from kalal (to complete). This is all or every. Ish is perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is man, husband, another, or humankind.
^XV “all” = kol. Same as “anyone” in v3. See note XIV above.
^XVI “offspring” = zera. From zara (to sow or scatter seed; conceive or yield). This is seed or sowing. It can, thus, mean a fruit, plant, sowing time, child, offspring, or posterity.
^XVII “generations” = dor. From dur (to move in a circle, which implies living somewhere or remaining there; it can also be the sense of piling or heaping up). This is a revolution of time, which is to say, an age or generation. It can also be a dwelling or one’s posterity.
^XVIII “comes” = qarab. This is to come near, offer, make ready, approach, take.

^XIX “uncleanness” = tum’ah. From tame (becoming unclean, foul, defiled; polluted, particularly in a ritual or moral sense). This is filthiness or uncleanness. It can refer to ritual or moral impurity.
^XX “person” = nephesh. Related to naphash (to refresh or be refreshed). This is soul, self, person, emotion. It is a breathing creature. Can also refer to appetites and desires.
^XXI “cut off” = karat. This is to cut down, cut off, or make a covenant (idiom for making a covenant is “to cut a covenant”). It can also mean to destroy, fail, or consume.
^XXII “presence” = paneh. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.

^XXIII “one” = ish + ish. Same as “anyone” in v3. See note XIV above.
^XXIV “has a defiling skin disease” = tsara. From tsaraath (leprosy or a mark). This is to have leprosy or be a leper.
^XXV “suffers a discharge” = zub. This is to flow or gush. It is to flow like water or overflow. It can also be discharge, pine, waste away, or have a sexual flow.
^XXVI “eat” = akal. This is to eat, devour, burn up, or otherwise consume. It can be eating in a literal or figurative sense.
^XXVII “is clean” = taher. This is properly being bright, which implies being pure or clean. This word can also mean purge, cleanse, or purify. It can be clean in a ritual sense or a moral one (i.e. moral or holy).
^XXVIII “touches” = naga. This is touch, reach, arrive, come near, strike. This is touching for any reason including sexual or violent.
^XXIX “anything” = kol. Same as “anyone” in v3. See note XIV above.

^XXX “unclean” = tame. Related to “uncleanness” in v3. From tame (see note XIX above). This is unclean, ill, or ritually impure.
^XXXI “corpse” = nephesh. Same as “person” in v3. See note XX above.
^XXXII “man” = ish. Same as “anyone” in v3. See note XIV above.
^XXXIII “had” = yatsa. This is to go or come out, bring forth, appear. It is to go out in a literal or figurative sense.
^XXXIV “emission” = shekabah. 9x in OT. From shakab (to lie down, lodge; lying for sleep, sex, or other reasons). This is an act of lying so it could be a layer, the act of copulation, or an emission.
^XXXV “semen” = zera. Same as “offspring” in v3. See note XVI above.

^XXXVI “whoever” = ish. Same as “anyone” in v3. See note XIV above.
^XXXVII “any” = kol. Same as “anyone” in v3. See note XIV above.
^XXXVIII “swarming thing” = sherets. 15x in OT. From sharats (to swarm, creep, abound, breed a lot, wriggle). This is things that teem or swarm – insects, moving creatures.
^XXXIX “made unclean” = tame. Related to “uncleanness” in v3 & “unclean” in v4. See note XIX above.
^XL “human being” = adam. Perhaps from adam (to be red, make ruddy); related to adamah (ground, dirt, earth). This is man, humankind, also Adam’s name. It refers to a human individual or humanity.
^XLI “whatever” = kol. Same as “anyone” in v3. See note XIV above.

^XLII “washed” = rachats. This is to wash, wash away – it can be complete or partial.
^XLIII “body” = basar. From basar (being a messenger, publish, carry preach; properly, this is being fresh, rosy or cheerful as one bearing news). This is flesh, the body, fat, skin, self, nakedness, humankind, or kin. It can also refer to private parts.
^XLIV “water” = mayim. This is water, waters, or waterway in a general sense. Figuratively, it can also mean juice, urine, or semen.
^XLV “sun” = shemesh. This is sun or toward the east. Its root may mean being brilliant. Figuratively, this could be a ray or an arch.
^XLVI “sets” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^XLVII “afterward” = achar. From achar (to remain behind, linger, continue, be behind, or delay; can also imply procrastination). This is after or the last part, following.
^XLVIII “food” = lechem. From lacham (to eat, feed on). This is bread, food, loaf. It can refer to food more generally for people or for animals.

^XLIX “that which died” = nebelah. From nabel (to fall away, faint, wither, languish, sink; figuratively, being senseless, foolish, or wicked; to despise, disgrace, or fall to nothing, to be seen with contempt). This is a body, whether human or animal. It can also refer to an idol.
^L “torn” = terephah. 9x in OT. From tereph (prey, food, meat, leaf; something that has been torn – a morsel); from taraph (to tear or pluck off into pieces, to rend or catch; to supply with food). This is torn flesh, particularly torn and/or eaten by animals.
^LI “keep” = shamar. This is to keep, watch, or preserve. It means to guard something or to protect it as a thorny hedge protects something.
^LII “charge” = mishmereth. Related to “keep” in v9.  From mishmar (jail, guard, watch, guard post); from shamar (see note LI above). This is a guard or watch or guard post. It is used figuratively for obligation, duty, or observance, including religious observance.

^LIII “incur” = nasa. This is to lift in a broad sense, literally and figuratively. So it could be to carry, take, or arise. It could also be bring forth, advance, accept.
^LIV “guilt” = chet. From chata (to miss, sin, bear blame, to forfeit, lack). This is sin, fault, or punishment of sin.
^LV “die” = mut. This is to die in a literal or figurative sense. It can also refer to being a dead body.
^LVI “sanctify” = qadash. Same as “dedicate” in v2. See note X above.

^LVII {untranslated} = kol. Same as “anyone” in v3. See note XIV above.
^LVIII “layperson” = zur. This is to come from somewhere else – a stranger. It is to stop for lodging. Figuratively, it can also mean to profane or commit adultery.
^LIX “bound” = toshab. 14x in OT. From yashab (to sit and so to remain and so to dwell; sitting for any reason – as a judge, in order to ambush, or just sitting quietly; can mean settling or marrying; continue, endure, or establish). This is sojourner, settler, tenant. Someone who lives in a foreign land – not native born.
^LX “hired servant” = sakir. 17x in OT. From sakar (to hire, earn). This is someone who earns a wage, a laborer. It could be one a day by day basis or for a longer term.
^LXI “priest” = kohen. This is literally the one who officiates i.e. the priest. This is where the Jewish last name “Cohen” (and its variants) comes from.

^LXII “acquires” = qanah. This is to acquire, create, purchase, own. Its root may mean to smith or to produce.
^LXIII “anyone” = nephesh. Same as “person” in v3. See note XX above.
^LXIV “by purchase” = qinyan + keseph. Qinyan is related to “acquires” in v11. 10x in OT. From qanah (see note LXII above). This is possession, substance, creation, wealth. Keseph is From kasaph (to long for, be greedy; to become pale). This is silver or money.
^LXV “those who are born” = yalid. 13x in OT. From yalad (to bear, bring forth; can mean to act as midwife or to show one’s lineage). This is born, children, or otherwise referring to descendants.
^LXVI “house” = bayit. Related to “sons” in v2. Probably from banah (see note VI above). This is house, court, family, palace, temple.

^LXVII “daughter” = bat. Related to “sons” in v2 & “house” in v11. From ben (see note VI above). This is daughter in a literal or figurative sense.
^LXVIII “marries” = hayah. Related to “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^LXIX “layman” = ish + zur. Ish is the same as “anyone” in v3. See note XIV above. Zur is the same as “layperson” in v10. See note LVIII above.
^LXX “offering” = terumah. From rum (to be high, rise, exalted, become proud, display, offer, present, set apart, extol; to rise in a literal or figurative sense). This is offering, gift – a sacred offering. It could also be a tribute or a bribe.
^LXXI “is” = hayah. Same as “marries” in v12. See note LXVIII above.
^LXXII “widowed” = almanah. Related to alman (widowed); from alam (to be silent, bound). This is a widow or a house that is desolate.

^LXXIII “divorced” = garash. This is to cast out or expel. It can be to exile someone or to divorce them.
^LXXIV “returns” = shub. To turn back, return, turn away – literally or figuratively. Doesn’t necessarily imply going back to where you started from. This is also the root verb for the Hebrew word for repentance “teshubah.”
^LXXV “father’s” = ab. This is father, chief, or ancestor. It is father in a literal or figurative sense.
^LXXVI “youth” = naur. From naar (child or a servant; a child in their active years so they could be aged anywhere from infancy to adolescence); perhaps from naar (to shake, toss up and down, tumble around). This is youth or childhood.
^LXXVII {untranslated} = kol. Same as “anyone” in v3. See note XIV above.

^LXXVIII “unintentionally” = shegagah. 19x in OT. From shagag (to go astray, sin, be deceived; to sin through ignorance). This is an inadvertent sin or a sin that came from an error/mistake.
^LXXIX “add” = yasaph. This is to add, increase, continue, exceed.
^LXXX “one-fifth” = chamishi. From chamesh (five). This is fifth or one-fifth.
^LXXXI “give” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.

^LXXXII “offer” = rum. Related to “offering” in v12. See note LXX above.
^LXXXIII “bear” = nasa. Same as “incur” in v9. See note LIII above.
^LXXXIV “guilt” = avon. Perhaps related to avah (to bend, twist, be amiss). This is sin, mischief, guilt, fault, punishment for iniquity, or moral evil.
^LXXXV “guilt offering” = ashmah. 19x in OT. From asham (guilt, sin, wrong, or offense; a sin or guilt offering); from asham (to be guilty, suffer, be punished; to destroy, condemn, be desolate, perish). This is wrongdoing, transgression, fault, or sin. It could also be a sin offering.

^LXXXVI “anyone” = ish + ish. Same as “anyone” in v3. See note XIV above.
^LXXXVII “aliens” = ger. From gur (to abide or sojourn; to leave the road to lodge or for any other reason). This is sojourner, guest, stranger, foreigner.
^LXXXVIII “presents” = qarab. Same as “comes” in v3. See note XVIII above.
^LXXXIX “offering” = qorban. Related to “comes” in v3. From qarab (see note XVIII above). This is an oblation or offering, which is to say, a sacrifice.
^XC {untranslated} = kol. Same as “anyone” in v3. See note XIV above.
^XCI “vow” = neder. From nadar (to vow or promise). This is a vow – literally, that which was promised.

^XCII {untranslated} = kol. Same as “anyone” in v3. See note XIV above.
^XCIII “freewill offering” = nedabah. From nadab (to offer willingly, volunteer, freely give, be willing). This is a freewill offering, something giving spontaneously.
^XCIV “offered” = qarab. Same as “comes” in v3. See note XVIII above.
^XCV “burnt offering” = olah. From alah (to go up, climb, approach, bring; to be high or actively climb; can be literal or figurative). This is a step, stairs, or some kind of ascent. It is also used for whole burnt offerings, being the offering in which the whole things is burned and rises as smoke. Burnt offerings were the least common of the offerings: most were eaten, shared with the priest and the one bringing the offering.

^XCVI “acceptable” = ratson. From ratsah (to be pleased with, delight, take pleasure in, or accept with favor; to approve or consent regarding something; can be used specifically of satisfying debts or being pardoned). This is delight shown in favor, good will, something that is accepted or acceptable.
^XCVII “male” = zakar. From zakar (to remember, to mark something so that it can be recalled, to be mindful of, to mention). This is male. Properly, perhaps, it means one who is remembered, which is to say a male.
^XCVIII “without blemish” = tamim. From tamam (to finish or accomplish; to make perfect, demonstrate that you are upright; consume; to complete in a literal or figurative sense). This is entire in a literal or figurative sense. So, it could be complete, full, intact, or without defect. Alternately, it could refer to being sound, having integrity, being sincere or perfect.

^XCIX “cattle” = baqar. From baqar (to plow, break forth; figuratively, to inquire, inspect, consider). This is cattle – an animal used for plowing.
^C “sheep” = keseb. 13x in OT. From kebes (root may mean to dominate; a young male sheep at the age of butting other sheep). This is apparently the same word as kebes, but with the consonants mixed up. It is a young lamb or sheep.
^CI “goats” = ez. Perhaps from azaz (to be strong in a literal or figurative sense, overcome, be impudent). This is a female goat, but can refer to male goats when plural.
^CII “offer” = qarab. Same as “comes” in v3. See note XVIII above.
^CIII “blemish” = mum. This is a blemish or defect, whether in a literal sense or a moral one.

^CIV “anyone” = ish. Same as “anyone” in v3. See note XIV above.
^CV “offers” = qarab. Same as “comes” in v3. See note XVIII above.
^CVI “sacrifice” = zebach. From zabach (to kill, slay, offer; slaughtering an animal to offer as a sacrifice). This is a slaughter – literally of an animal. So, it implies the act or the animals used in sacrifice. Further, it can mean offering.
^CVII “well-being” = shelem. From shalam (to make amends, finish, be safe, be friendly, to be complete or sound). This is a peace offering or a sacrifice of well-being. It was a voluntary offering given when one celebrated thanksgiving, alliance, or friendship.
^CVIII “Lord” = YHVH. Related to “Lord” in v1 & “marries” in v12. From the same as YHVH (see note I above). It has a different vowel pointing, but the same meaning as “Lord.”

^CIX “in fulfillment” = pala. From pele (wonder, miracle, wonderful, marvelous thing). This is to be extraordinary, to arise, to be great or accomplish.
^CX “herd” = baqar. Same as “cattle” in v19. See note XCIX above.
^CXI “flock” = tson. This is a flock of sheep and goats.
^CXII “perfect” = tamim. Same as “without blemish” in v19. See note XCVIII above.
^CXIII {untranslated} = kol. Same as “anyone” in v3. See note XIV above.

^CXIV “blind” = ivvaron. 3x in OT. From ivver (blindness or someone who is blind – literally or figuratively); from avar (to blind, put out). This is blind or blindness.
^CXV “injured” = shabar. This is break, collapse, destroy, break in pieces, tear. It is bursting in a literal or figurative sense.
^CXVI “maimed” = charats. 12x in OT. This is to cut, sharpen, decree, wound, be alert, move. It can also be to decide or determine.
^CXVII “having a discharge” = yabbal. 1x in OT. From yabal (to bring, carry, flow, lead forth). This is a sore oozing pus or a cyst.
^CXVIII “itch” = garab. 3x in OT. May come from a word that means to scratch. This is an itch or scab. It could be eczema.
^CXIX “scabs” = yallepheth. 2x in OT. This may come from a word that means to scrape. It is a scab or scurf.

^CXX “offer” = qarab. Same as “comes” in v3. See note XVIII above.
^CXXI “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CXXII “put” = natan. Same as “give” in v14. See note LXXXI above.
^CXXIII “altar” = mizbeach. Related to “sacrifice” in v21. From zabach (see note CVI above). This is an altar.
^CXXIV “offerings by fire” = ishsheh. From eshshah (a fire); from esh (fire, burning, flaming, hot; fire in a literal or figurative sense). This is an offering by fire or a burnt offering. More broadly, it can refer to any kind of sacrifice.
^CXXV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.

^CXXVI “ox” = shor. Perhaps from shur (to travel, turn, journey; travelling like a prostitute or a merchant). This is bull, ox, head of cattle, cow.
^CXXVII “lamb” = seh. Perhaps from sha’ah (to make a loud noise or crash, devastate, rush). This is a lamb, sheep, or goat – a part of a flock.
^CXXVIII “is deformed” = sara. 3x in OT. This is to stretch, be overgrown or extra, to be deformed.
^CXXIX “stunted” = qalat. 1x in OT. This is to maim or one that is missing some parts.
^CXXX “present” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.
^CXXXI “be accepted” = ratsah. Related to “acceptable” in v19. See note XCVI above.

^CXXXII “bruised” = maak. 4x in OT. This is to pierce, squeeze, stick, handle.
^CXXXIII “crushed” = kathath. 17x in OT. This is to crush into pieces, to beat with a hammer, smash, bruise.
^CXXXIV “torn” = nathaq. This is to pull, tear off, drag, separate, lift, burst, root out, or snap.
^CXXXV “cut” = karat. Same as “cut off” in v3. See note XXI above.

^CXXXVI “offer” = qarab. Same as “comes” in v3. See note XVIII above.
^CXXXVII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CXXXVIII “do” = asah. Same as “present” in v23. See note CXXX above.
^CXXXIX “land” = erets. Root may mean to be firm. This is earth, ground, field land, or country.

^CXL {untranslated} = yad. This is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.
^CXLI {untranslated} = ben. Same as “sons” in v2. See note VI above.
^CXLII “foreigner” = nekar. From the same as neker (misfortune, disaster). This is foreign or something that is foreign i.e. strange.
^CXLIII “offer” = qarab. Same as “comes” in v3. See note XVIII above.
^CXLIV “God” = Elohim. Related to “Israelites” in v13. See note IX above.
^CXLV “mutilated” = mishchath. 2x in OT. From shachat (to destroy, become ruined, behave in a corrupt way, an animal with a blemish, decay). This is a disfigurement. It could also be figurative in reference to a ritual sense of corruption.

^CXLVI “born” = yalad. Related to “those who are born” in v11. See note LXV above.
^CXLVII “remain” = hayah. Same as “marries” in v12. See note LXVIII above.
^CXLVIII “seven” = sheba. This is seven or by sevenfold. It can also be used to imply a week or an indefinite number. Symbolically, this is the number of fullness, sacredness, perfection.
^CXLIX “days” = yom. Root may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.

^CL “with” = tachat. This is underneath, below, the bottom, instead of.
^CLI “mother” = em. This is a mother as binding a family together or a breeding female animal. It could be mother in a literal or figurative sense.
^CLII “eighth” = shemini. From the same as shemoneh (eight; can be figurative for surplus); perhaps from shamen (to shine, which implies being oily, growing fat); from shaman (to grow fat, shine, be oily). This is eighth or sheminith.
^CLIII “Lord’s” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CLIV “offering” = qorban. Same as “offering” in v18. See note LXXXIX above.

^CLV “slaughter” = shachat. This is to slaughter, slay, or beat. It can be slaying for a sacrifice or in a massacre.
^CLVI “herd” = shor. Same as “ox” in v23. See note CXXVI above.
^CLVII “flock” = seh. Same as “lamb” in v23. See note CXXVII above.
^CLVIII “young” = ben. Same as “sons” in v2. See note VI above.
^CLIX “same” = echad. Perhaps from achad (to unify, continue on a path; figuratively, to gather one’s thoughts). This is the number one, first, united. It can also be alone, altogether, a certain, a few.

^CLX “sacrifice” = zabach. Related to “sacrifice” in v21 & “altar” in v22. See note CVI above.
^CLXI “thanksgiving” = todah. From yadah (to throw one’s hands into the air in a gesture of praise, to give thanks, or make a confession); from yad (hand, ability, power; hand in a literal sense; what one can do or the means by which one does it). This is properly extending one’s hand, which implies affirmation and adoration. It can be a song of thanksgiving, a choir of thanksgiving, confession, or praise. It can also be a thank offering.
^CLXII “offering” = zebach. Same as “sacrifice” in v21. See note CVI above.
^CLXIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CLXIV “sacrifice” = zabach. Same as “sacrifice” in v29. See note CLX above.

^CLXV “leave” = yathar. This is to jut over, remain behind, preserve, to excel. It can be to leave or to be in abundance.
^CLXVI “morning” = boqer. Related to “cattle” in v19. From baqar (see note XCIX above). This refers to the break of day. So it is dawn, early, morning, or morrow.
^CLXVII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CLXVIII “commandments” = mitsvah. From tsavah (to charge, command, order, enjoin). This is a commandment, law, ordinance obligation, or tradition. It is something commanded whether by God or by a human authority. This term is sometimes used collectively to refer to the Law.
^CLXIX “observe” = asah. Same as “present” in v23. See note CXXX above.
^CLXX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.

^CLXXI “among” = tavek. This is among, middle, in the midst, the center. Perhaps, properly, to sever.
^CLXXII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CLXXIII “brought” = yatsa. Same as “had” in v4. See note XXXIII above.
^CLXXIV “Egypt” = Mitsrayim. Perhaps from matsor (besieged or fortified place, bulwark, entrenchment; something hemmed in; a siege or distress or fastness); from tsur (to confine, besiege, to cramp). This is Egypt.
^CLXXV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.