Leviticus 9

^I {untranslated} = hayah. This is to be or become, to happen.
^II “eighth” = shemini. From the same as shemoneh (eight; can be figurative for surplus); perhaps from shamen (to shine, which implies being oily, growing fat); from shaman (to grow fat, shine, be oily). This is eighth or sheminith.
^III “day” = yom. Root may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.
^IV “Moses” = Mosheh. From mashah (to pull out in a literal or figurative sense, to draw out) OR from Egyptian mes or mesu (child, son i.e. child of…). This is Moses – the one drawn out from the water, which is to say, rescued. If derived from the Egyptian, his name would share a root with Rameses and Thutmose.
^V “summoned” = qara. This is to call or call out – to call someone by name. Also used more broadly for calling forth.

^VI “Aaron” = Aharon. Derivation uncertain. May mean “bearer of martyrs” OR be related to Ancient Egyptian ꜥḥꜣ rw (warrior lion) OR elevated, exalted, high mountain. This is Aaron. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Aaron
^VII “sons” = ben. From banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense.
^VIII “elders” = zaqen. From the same as zaqan (beard or chin – the beard represents old age). This is old, aged, or elder.
^IX “Israel” = Yisrael. From sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + el (God or god). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.

^X “take” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^XI “bull” = egel. May be from the same as agol (round, circular – root meaning revolve). This is a male calf as one that frisks about. Often used for one that is almost grown up. This is also the word used for the molten calf in Ex 32.
^XII “calf” = ben + baqar. Ben is the same as “sons” in v1. See note VII above. Baqar is from baqar (to plow, break forth; figuratively, to inquire, inspect, consider). This is cattle – an animal used for plowing.
^XIII “purification offering” = chatta’ah. From chata’ (to miss or go wrong and so to sin, bear the blame; it can also include the sense of forfeiting or lacking). This is sin itself as well as punishment for sin. It is sometimes used specifically to refer to sin that is habitual.

^XIV “ram” = ayil. From the same as ul (mighty, strength, body, belly; root may mean to twist and that implies strength and power). This is strength so it is used to indicate things that are strong or powerful: political chiefs, rams, posts, trees, oaks.
^XV “burnt offering” = olah. From alah (to go up, climb, approach, bring; to be high or actively climb; can be literal or figurative). This is a step, stairs, or some kind of ascent. It is also used for whole burnt offerings, being the offering in which the whole things is burned and rises as smoke. Burnt offerings were the least common of the offerings: most were eaten, shared with the priest and the one bringing the offering.
^XVI “without blemish” = tamim. From tamam (to finish or accomplish; to make perfect, demonstrate that you are upright; consume; to complete in a literal or figurative sense). This is entire in a literal or figurative sense. So, it could be complete, full, intact, or without defect. Alternately, it could refer to being sound, having integrity, being sincere or perfect.

^XVII “offer” = qarab. This is to come near, offer, make ready, approach, take.
^XVIII “before” = paneh. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.
^XIX “Lord” = YHVH. Related to {untranslated} in v1. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (see note I above). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.

^XX “say” = dabar. This is generally to speak, answer, declare, or command. It might mean to arrange and so to speak in a figurative sense as arranging words.
^XXI “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Literally, “children of Israel.” Ben is the same as “sons” in v1. See note VII above. Yisrael is the same as “Israel” in v1. See note IX above.
^XXII “male goat” = sa’iyr + ez. Sa’iyr is from sa’ar (to storm, scattered by a storm, blow away, rage, fear, storm tossed; to toss in a literal or figurative sense). This is hairy, rough, male goat, shaggy. It could also refer to a devil. Ez is perhaps from azaz (to be strong in a literal or figurative sense, overcome, be impudent). This is a female goat, but can refer to male goats when plural.
^XXIII “calf” = egel. Same as “bull” in v2. See note XI above.
^XXIV “lamb” = kebes. Root may mean to dominate. This is a young male sheep – having just reached the age where it can butt other sheep.
^XXV “yearlings” = ben + shanah. Ben is the same as “sons” in v1. See note VII above. Shanah is from shana (to change, alter). This is a year, age, old, yearly.

^XXVI “ox” = shor. Perhaps from shur (to travel, turn, journey; travelling like a prostitute or a merchant). This is bull, ox, head of cattle, cow.
^XXVII “offering of well-being” = shelem. From shalam (to make amends, finish, be safe, be friendly, to be complete or sound). This is a peace offering or a sacrifice of well-being. It was a voluntary offering given when one celebrated thanksgiving, alliance, or friendship.
^XXVIII “sacrifice” = zabach. This is slaughtering an animal, generally for the purpose of sacrifice. It can mean kill or offer.

^XXIX “grain offering” = minchah. This is a gift or an offering, particularly a sacrificial one that is generally bloodless and given spontaneously (voluntarily).
^XXX “mixed” = balal. This is to anoint, mix, overflow. It can also be to fodder or temper.
^XXXI “oil” = shemen. Related to “eighth” in v1. From shamen (see note II above). This is fat, oil, grease, olive oil – often with perfume. Used figuratively for fertile, lavish, rich.
^XXXII “today” = yom. Same as “day” in v1. See note III above.
^XXXIII “appear” = raah. This is to see in a literal or figurative sense so stare, advise, think, view.

^XXXIV “brought” = laqach. Same as “take” in v2. See note X above.
^XXXV “commanded” = tsavah. This is to charge, command, order, appoint, or enjoin. This is the root that the Hebrew word for “commandment” comes from (mitsvah).
^XXXVI “front” = paneh. Same as “before” in v2. See note XVIII above.
^XXXVII “tent” = ohel. Perhaps from ahal (to shine, be clear). This is a tent, covering, home, or side pillar.
^XXXVIII “meeting” = moed. From yaad (to appoint, assemble or gather selves, agree). This is a meeting, assembly, fixed time. It can be used for a festival or feast. It can also refer to a meeting place.

^XXXIX “whole” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.
^XL “congregation” = edah. Related to “meeting” in v5. From yaad (see note XXXVIII above) OR from ed (witness, testimony, recorder); from ud (to admonish, repeat, duplicate, testify, restore, record, relieve). This is a congregation, assembly, or company. It could be a family, crowd, or fixture.
^XLI “drew near” = qarab. Same as “offer” in v2. See note XVII above.
^XLII “stood” = amad. This is to stand up in a literal or figurative sense. So it can be establish, continue, endure, take a stand, act, be a servant, stand still, remain, stand against an enemy.

^XLIII “thing” = dabar. Related to “say” in v3. From dabar (see note XX above). This is speech, a word, a matter, an affair, charge, command, message, promise, purpose, report, request. It is a word, which implies things that are spoken of in a wide sense.
^XLIV “do” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.
^XLV “glory” = kabod. From kabad (to be heavy, weighty, burdensome). This is weighty. Figuratively, glorious, abundant, riches, honor, splendor – a reference to one’s reputation or character. This word is often used to describe God and God’s presence.

^XLVI “altar” = mizbeach. Related to “sacrifice” in v4. From zabach (see note XXVIII above). This is an altar.
^XLVII “sacrifice” = asah. Same as “do” in v6. See note XLIV above.
^XLVIII “make atonement” = kaphar. This is to appease, cover, pacify, cancel, make atonement, placate. Specifically, it can mean to cover with bitumen.
^XLIX “people” = am. From amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together). This is people or nation. It can be used specifically for a tribe, collectively of troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals.
^L “sacrifice” = asah. Same as “do” in v6. See note XLIV above.
^LI “offering” = qorban. Related to “offer” in v2. From qarab (see note XVII above). This is an oblation or offering, which is to say, a sacrifice.

^LII “slaughtered” = shachat. This is to slaughter, slay, or beat. It can be slaying for a sacrifice or in a massacre.
^LIII “calf” = egel. Same as “bull” in v2. See note XI above.
^LIV “presented” = qarab. Same as “offer” in v2. See note XVII above.
^LV “blood” = dam. Perhaps from damam (to cease, be or become mute, silent, still, cut off, hold peace, be astonished, die). This is blood, bloodshed, bloodguilt, lifeblood, and death. It is used for people and animals. More often blood from a wound or the blood of the innocent. Used figuratively for violence or for wine. Closely tied to life and death.
^LVI “dipped” = tabal. 16x in OT. This is to dip or immerse. It is used to describe religious rites, as part of murderous schemes (e.g. Joseph’s brothers dipping his coat in goat’s blood), for everyday purposes, and also of miracles (e.g. Naaman immersing himself in the Jordan).

^LVII “finger” = etsba. Perhaps from the same as tseba (dye, something dipped). This is finger or toe – something used to seize.
^LVIII “put” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.
^LIX “horns” = qeren. This is horn or hill. It can be a flask or cornet, ivory, altar corner, mountain peak, or figuratively power.
^LX “poured out” = yatsaq. This is to pour out, flow, wash away, or overflow. It can imply melting as one does to cast metal. By extension, it can refer to something being steadfast, stiffened, firmly in place.
^LXI “base” = yesod. From yasad (to establish, appoint, instruct; to set in a literal or figurative sense; also, to sit down together and so to consult or take counsel). This is a foundation in a literal or figurative sense. It can also refer to a thigh or other base.

^LXII “fat” = cheleb. This is fat, finest, marrow. It is fat in a literal or figurative sense. It refers to the richest or best part.
^LXIII “kidneys” = kilyah. Perhaps from keli (something that was prepared – any implement, utensil, article, vessel, weapon, or instrument; also includes jewels, weapons, bags, carriages, and furniture); from kalah (to end, be finished, complete, prepare, consume, spent, or completely destroyed). This is inward parts, such as kidney or heart. It can also be inmost being as feelings, mind, or within.
^LXIV “appendage” = yothereth. 11x in OT. From yathar (to jut over, remain behind, preserve, to excel). This is appendage or part of the liver that hangs out.
^LXV “liver” = kabed. Related to “glory” in v6. 14x in OT. From kabad (see note XLV above). This is usually liver – sometimes heart.
^LXVI “turned into smoke” = qatar. Perhaps from qetoreth (smoke, incense, the scent of the sacrifice as it burned); from the same as qitor (thick smoke, vapor). This is to make an offering, particular one of burned incense. It focuses on the fragrance made from the sacrificial fire. This is generally used to refer to worship.

^LXVII “flesh” = basar. From basar (being a messenger, publish, carry preach; properly, this is being fresh, rosy or cheerful as one bearing news). This is flesh, the body, fat, skin, self, nakedness, humankind, or kin. It can also refer to private parts.
^LXVIII “skin” = or. Perhaps from ur (to be made naked, exposed, or bare). This is skin, hide, or leather. It can also refer to a body.
^LXIX “burned” = saraph. This is to burn or kindle. This is the root that “seraphim” comes from.
^LXX “fire” = esh. This is fire, burning, flaming, hot. It is fire in a literal or figurative sense.
^LXXI “outside” = chuts. Root may mean to sever. So, this is something that is separated by a wall – the outside, the street, a field, highway, or abroad.
^LXXII “camp” = machaneh. From chanah (to decline, bending down, or living in tents; can be camping to create a home or camping as a part of battle). This is an encampment, whether of people traveling together or soldiers. So, it can be a camp band, or company as well as an army of soldiers. Also can be used of other groups like animals, angels or stars.

^LXXIII “brought” = matsa. This is to find, catch or acquire. It can also mean to come forth or appear. Figuratively, this can mean to meet or be together with.
^LXXIV “dashed” = zaraq. This is to scatter or sprinkle, whether a liquid or a solid.
^LXXV “all sides” = sabib. From sabab (turning around, going around; to surround, cast, walk, fetch; to revolve or border in a literal or figurative sense). This is a circuit or a circle. It could refer to an environment, one’s neighbors, or a circular path round about.
^LXXVI “brought” = matsa. Same as “brought” in v12. See note LXXIV above.
^LXXVII “piece by piece” = nethach. 13x in OT. From nathach (to dismember or divide at the joints). This is a piece, portion, or fragment.
^LXXVIII “head” = rosh. This may come a word that means to shake. It is the head, captain, or chief. It can also be excellent or the forefront. It can be first in position or in statue or in time (i.e. the beginning).

^LXXIX “washed” = rachats. This is to wash, wash away – it can be complete or partial.
^LXXX “entrails” = qereb. Related to “offer” in v2 & “offering” in v7. Perhaps from qarab (see note XVII above). This is among, in the midst, before, the center It is the inward part, whether literal or figurative. It can also be used for the heart, the site of thoughts and feelings. This word is also used as a technical term for the entrails of the animals who are sacrificed.
^LXXXI “legs” = kera. 9x in OT. From kara (to bow, crouch, kneel down, subdue; to bend the knee in many senses). This is the leg, but only from the knee down to the ankle. It is used in the OT of people and of locusts.

^LXXXII “goat” = sa’iyr. Same as “male goat” in v3. See note XXII above.
^LXXXIII “presented…as a purification offering” = chata. Related to “purification offering” in v2. See note XIII above.
^LXXXIV “first one” = rishon. Related to “head” in v13. From rishah (beginning or early time); from rosh (see note LXXVIII above). This is first, former, ancestor, beginning, ranked first.
^LXXXV “sacrificed” = asah. Same as “do” in v6. See note XLIV above.
^LXXXVI “regulation” = mishpat. From shaphat (to judge, defend, pronounce judgment, condemn, govern). This is a verdict or formal sentence whether from humans or from God. It includes the act of judging as well as the place that judging takes place, the suit itself, and the penalty. Abstractly, this is justice, which includes the rights of the participants.

^LXXXVII “taking a handful” = male + kaph. Male is fill, satisfy, replenish, accomplish, fulfill, confirm, or consecrate. It is fill in a literal or figurative sense. Kaph is from kaphaph (to bend – from a root meaning curve or bend down). This is palm of the hand or sole of the foot, footstep, grasp. Figuratively, it can also mean power.
^LXXXVIII “morning” = boqer. Related to “calf” in v2. From baqar (see note XII above). This refers to the break of day. So it is dawn, early, morning, or morrow.
^LXXXIX “sacrifice” = zebach. Related to “sacrifice” in v4 & “altar” in v7. From zabach (see note XXVIII above). This is a slaughter – literally of an animal. So, it implies the act or the animals used in sacrifice. Further, it can mean offering.
^XC “brought” = matsa. Same as “brought” in v12. See note LXXIV above.
^XCI “fatty tail” = alyah. 5x in OT– 1x in Exodus & 4x in Leviticus. From alah (wail, lament); related to alah (swear, curse). This is a fatty tail or rump on a sheep.
^XCII “covers” = mekasseh. 4x in OT. From kasah (to cover, conceal, overwhelm; to cover as clothes do or to hide a secret). This is a covering, clothes, or an awning. It can also refer to the omentum.

^XCIII “laid” = sim. This is to put or place in a literal or figurative sense. It can be appoint, care, change, make, and may other things.
^XCIV “breasts” = chazeh. 13x in OT. Perhaps from chazah (to gaze at – to see or behold; perceiving as a mental process or looking at something with pleasure; seeing a vision). This is an animal breast.
^XCV “right” = yamin. May be from yamam (to go or choose the right, use the right hand; to be physically fit or firm). This can mean right hand, right side, or south. Since most people are right-handed, the metaphorical usage of this word presumes that the right hand is stronger and more agile. Thus, it is the instrument of power and action.
^XCVI “thigh” = shoq. 19x in OT. Perhaps from shuq (to overflow, run after). This is leg, thigh, or hip.

^XCVII “raised” = nuph. This is to rock back and forth, wave, sprinkle, quiver, beckon, offer, present.
^XCVIII “elevation offering” = tenuphah. Related to “raised” in v21. From nuph (see note XCIX above).
^XCIX “Lord” = YHVH. Related to {untranslated} in v1 & “Lord” in v2. From the same as YHVH (see note XIX above). It has the same meaning as “Lord” with a different vowel pointing.
^C “lifted” = nasa. This is to lift in a broad sense, literally and figuratively. So it could be to carry, take, or arise. It could also be bring forth, advance, accept.
^CI “hands” = yad. This is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.
^CII “blessed” = barak. This is to kneel, to bless. It is blessing God as part of worship and adoration or blessing humans to help them. It can be used as a euphemism to say curse God.

^CIII “came down” = yarad. This is to go down, descend; going down in a literal or figurative sense. It can be going to the shore or a boundary, bringing down an enemy.
^CIV “sacrificing” = asah. Same as “do” in v6. See note XLIV above.
^CV “entered” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^CVI “came out” = yatsa. This is to go or come out, bring forth, appear. It is to go out in a literal or figurative sense.
^CVII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v2. See note XIX above.
^CVIII “all” = kol. Same as “whole” in v5. See note XXXIX above.

^CIX “from” = paneh. Same as “before” in v2. See note XVIII above.
^CX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v2. See note XIX above.
^CXI “consumed” = akal. This is to eat, devour, burn up, or otherwise consume. It can be eating in a literal or figurative sense.
^CXII “saw” = raah. Same as “appear” in v4. See note XXXIII above.
^CXIII “shouted” = ranan. This is a cry of joy or a joyful song. Properly, it is emitting a shrill sound, especially one of joy.
^CXIV “fell” = naphal. This is to fall, whether by accident, to fall prostrate, or to fall in violent death. Figuratively, it can refer to personal ruin or calamity, a city falling, an attack or a falling away. It can also be a deep sleep or wasting away.
^CXV “faces” = paneh. Same as “before” in v2. See note XVIII above.