Mark 13:1-8, 24-37

^I “came” = ekporeuomai. From ek (from, from out of) + poreuomai (to go, travel, journey, die; refers to transporting things from one place to another; focuses on the personal significance of the destination); {from poros (passageway)}. This is to go forth, depart from, be spoken, flow out, project. This word emphasizes the result a process or passage – how it impacts the person or thing.
^II “temple” = hieron. From hieros (sacred, something sacred, temple, holy, set apart; something consecrated to a god). This is the word for temple.
^III “one” = heis. This is one, a person, only, some.
^IV “disciples” = mathetes. From matheteuo (to make a disciple of); from manthano (to learn key facts, gain knowledge from experience; generally implies reflection as part of the learning process); from math– (thinking things through). This is a disciple, learner, or student. It is where we get “mathematics” from.

^V “said” = lego. This is to speak, say, name, call, command. It is generally to convey verbally.
^VI “look” = idou. From eido (to be aware, see, know, remember, appreciate). This is see! Lo! Behold! Look! Used to express surprise and or draw attention to the statement.
^VII “Teacher” = Didaskalos. From didasko (to teach, direct, instruct, or impart knowledge; in the New Testament, almost always used for teaching scripture); from dao (to learn). This is teacher or master.
^VIII “stones” = lithos. This is stone in a literal or figurative sense.
^IX “buildings” = oikodome. 18x in NT. From oikos (house – the building, the household, the family, descendants; the temple) + doma (house, housetop; often used to refer to the roof) {from demo (to build a house)}. This is the act of building, structure, architecture, a building, upbuilding. It is a building that is used as a home. Figuratively, this refers to spiritual progress – becoming a person who is a better home in which God can reside.

^X “Jesus” = Iesous. From Hebrew Yehoshua (Joshua, the Lord is salvation); {from YHVH (proper name of the God of Israel; the self-existent and eternal one); {from havah (to become) or from hayah (to come to pass, become, be)} + yasha (to deliver, defend, help, preserve, rescue; properly, to be open, wide or free, which implies being safe. So, in a causative sense, this is to free someone)}. This is Jesus or Joshua in Greek – the Lord saves or the Lord is salvation.
^XI “asked” = eiron. This is to speak say, answer, command.
^XII “see” = blepo. This is literally to see – it is primarily used in the physical sense. However, figuratively it can be seeing, which includes attention and so to watchfulness, being observant, perceiving, and acting on the visual information. It can also mean beware.

^XIII “great” = megas. This is big in a literal or figurative sense – great, large, exceeding, abundant, high, mighty, perfect, strong, etc.
^XIV “be left” = aphiemi. From apo (from, away from) + hiemi (to send). This is send away, release, permit, forgive, allow to depart, discharge, or send forth.
^XV “thrown down” = kataluo. 17x in NT. From kata (down, against, throughout, among) + luo (to loose, release, untie; figuratively, to break, destroy, or annul; releasing what had been withheld). Literally, this means thoroughly loosening. It can mean unharnessing or unyoking animals and so to lodge somewhere for a night. It can also mean to disintegrate or demolish in a literal or figurative sense. So, it can be destroy, overthrow, abolish, or tear down.

^XVI “sitting” = kathemai. From kata (down, against, throughout, among) + hemai (to sit). This is to sit, be enthroned, or reside.
^XVII “Mount” = oros. Perhaps from oro (to rise); perhaps akin to airo (raise, take up, lift, remove). This is mountain or hill.
^XVIII “Olives” = elaia. 15x in NT. This is olive or olive tree. Sometimes, it refers to the chosen people.
^XIX “Peter” = Petros. Related to petra (large rock that is connected and or projecting like a rock, ledge, or cliff; can also be cave or stony ground). This is Peter, a stone, pebble, or boulder.
^XX “James” = Iakob. From Hebrew Yaaqob (Jacob); from the same as aqeb (heel, hind part, hoof, rear guard of an army, one who lies in wait, usurper). This is James, meaning heel grabber or usurper.

^XXI “John” = Ioannes. Related to “Jesus” in v2. From Hebrew yochanan (Johanan); from Yehochanan (“the Lord has been gracious”); {from YHVH (see note X above)} + chanan (beseech, show favor, be gracious; properly, to bend in kindness to someone with less status). This is John, meaning “the Lord has been gracious.”
^XXII “Andrew” = Andreas. 13x in NT. From aner (man, male, sir, husband). This is Andrew, meaning manly.
^XXIII “asked” = eperoato. From epi (on, upon, against, what is fitting) + erotao (asking a question or making an earnest request; used when one anticipates special consideration for their request); {from eromai (to ask) OR from ereo (to say, tell, call, speak of)}. This is to question, interrogate, seek, or demand. The questioner is at an advantage – in a preferred position when they make their question.
^XXIV “privately” = kata + idios. Idios is something that belongs to you or that is personal, private, apart. It indicates a stronger sense of possession than a simple possessive pronoun. This is where “idiot” comes from (denoting someone who hasn’t had formal training or education and so they rely on their own understanding).

^XXV “tell” = eiron. Same as “asked” in v2. See note XI above.
^XXVI “be” = eimi. This is to be, exist.
^XXVII “sign” = semeion. From the same as semaino (to give a sign, signify, indicate, make known); from sema (a sign or mark). It is literally a sign of any kind. It also refers to a sign given by God to confirm or authenticate a message or prophecy. It is not necessarily miraculous, but it can be. The Gospel of John generally uses this word instead of miracle.

^XXVIII “all” = pas. This is all or every.
^XXIX “are about to” = mello. Perhaps from melo (something that one is worried or concerned about, something one pays attention to or thinks about). Properly, this is ready, about to happen, to intend, delay, or linger. This is just on the point of acting.
^XXX “be accomplished” = sunteleo. 6x in NT. From sun (with, together with) + teleo (to complete, fulfill, accomplish, end); {from telos (an end, aim, purpose, completion, end goal, consummation, tax; going through the steps to complete a stage or phase and then moving on to the next one)}. This is to fulfill, accomplish, complete, bring to the desired result, to complete a goal literally or figuratively.

^XXXI “began” = archo. From archo (to rule, begin, have first rank or have political power). This is to begin or rule.
^XXXII “beware” = blepo. Same as “see” in v2. See note XII above.
^XXXIII “leads…astray” = planao. From plane (wandering – used figuratively for deceit, error, sin, fraudulence, or wandering from orthodoxy); from planos (wandering, misleading, a deceiver or imposter). This is to wander, lead astray, mislead, mistake, seduce, or deceive. Generally used to refer to sin – going off the right path or roaming from truth/virtue. This word shares a root with “planet” (as a heavenly body that wanders).

^XXXIV “many” = polus. This is much, often, plenteous – a large number or a great extent.
^XXXV “come” = erchomai. This is to come or go.
^XXXVI “name” = onoma. May be from ginosko (know, recognize, learn from firsthand experience). This is a name, authority, cause, character, fame, reputation. The name was thought to include something of the essence of the person so it was not thought to be separate from the person.
^XXXVII “hear” = akouo. This is hear or listen, but it also means to understand by hearing. This is where the word “acoustics” comes from.
^XXXVIII “wars” = polemos. 18x in NT. From pelomai (to bustle) or from polus (much, many, abundant). This is war, quarrel, strife; battle, whether one time or on-going. It is war in a literal or figurative sense.

^XXXIX “rumors” = akoe. Related to “hear” in v7. From akouo (see note XXVII above). This is hearing, ear, audience, fame, report, rumor.
^XL “be alarmed” = throeo. 3x in NT. From throos (noise, tumult). This is to be disturbed, unsettled, troubled. It is feeling the desire to scream from fear, very upset, startled.
^XLI “must” = dei. From deo (to tie, bind, compel; declare unlawful). This is what is necessary or proper. It is what is needed or what one should do – a duty or something inevitable. This refers to something absolutely necessary.
^XLII “take place” = ginomai. This is to come into being, to happen, become, be born. It can be to emerge from one state or condition to another or is coming into being with the sense of movement or growth.
^XLIII “end” = telos. Related to “be accomplished” in v4. See note XXX above.

^XLIV “nation” = ethnos. Probably from etho (a custom or culture). This is people who are united by having similar customs or culture. Generally, it is used to refer to Gentiles. This is a tribe, race, nation, or Gentiles in general. This is where the term “ethnicity” comes from.
^XLV “rise” = egeiro. This is to awake, raise up or lift up. It can be to get up from sitting or lying down, to get up from sleeping, to rise from a disease or from death. Figuratively, it can be rising from inactivity or from ruins.
^XLVI “kingdom” = basileia. From basileus (king, emperor, sovereign); probably from basis (step, hence foot; a pace); from baino (to walk, to go). This is kingdom, rule, authority, sovereignty, royalty, a realm.

^XLVII “earthquakes” = seismos. 14x in NT. From seio (to shake, move, or quake to and fro; figuratively, to create agitation, fear, or worry). This is a commotion or shaking generally. It can also be a storm or earthquake. This is where “seismic” comes from.
^XLVIII “places” = topos. This is a place or region. It is a smaller space that can only hold a limited number of people whereas chora is a larger place. Figuratively it could be an opportunity.
^XLIX “famines” = limos. 12x in NT. Probably from leipo (to leave behind, be lacking). This is hunger, famine, or lacking.
^L “beginning” = arche. Related to “began” in v5. From archomai (to begin or rule); from archo (see note XXXI above). Properly, this is what is first. In a temporal sense, that is beginning or origin. It can also refer to the one who ranks first, i.e. king or ruler. So, it can also be magistrate, power, or principality. It can be used more generally for what is preeminent.
^LI “birth pangs” = odin. 4x in NT. Akin to odune (pain, distress, or anguish, whether physical or mental); perhaps from duno (to enter, sink into; can also be set like the sun); from duo (to sink). This is severe agony, a snare, the pain from childbirth. It can refer figuratively to pain and difficulty that comes from ushering in something new.

^LII “days” = hemera. Related to “sitting” in v3. Perhaps from hemai (see note XVI above). This is day, time, or daybreak.
^LIII “suffering” = thlipsis. From thlibo (to press in on and make narrow, rub together, constrict; figuratively to oppress or afflict). This is pressure that hems us in – used often of internal pressure that makes us feel like we have no other options and are confined or restricted. So, this is persecution, affliction, trouble, distress, and anguish. There is a different word, stenoxoria, that refers to external pressure that we feel from what’s going on.
^LIV “sun” = helios. This is sun, which would imply light in general or the east.
^LV “darkened” = skotizo. 5x in NT. From skotos (darkness literal or figurative – as moral or spiritual darkness, sin and what comes from it; obscurity); from skia (shadow, thick darkness, outline; figurative for a spiritual situation that is good or bad). This is to darken or obscure in a literal or figurative sense.

^LVI “moon” = selene. 9x in NT. From selas (bright flame). This is moon as bright.
^LVII “give” = didomi. To give, offer, place, bestow, deliver. This is give in a literal or figurative sense.
^LVIII “light” = pheggos. 2x in NT. Perhaps from phos (light, a source of light, fire, or radiance; light with specific reference to what it reveals; luminousness whether natural or artificial, abstract or concrete, literal or figurative); from phao (to shine) or phaino (to bring light, cause to appear, shine, become visible or clear). This is light, splendor, radiance.

^LIX “stars” = aster. Perhaps from stronnumi (to spread, furnish, strew). This is a star in a literal or figurative sense.
^LX “falling” = pipto. This is to fall literally or figuratively.
^LXI “heaven” = ouranos. Related to “Mount” in v3. May be related to oros (see note XVII above). This is the air, the sky, the atmosphere, and heaven. It is the sky that is visible and the spiritual heaven where God dwells. Heaven implies happiness, power, and eternity.
^LXII “powers” = dunamis. From dunamai (to be able, have power or ability). This is might, strength, physical power, efficacy, energy, and miraculous power. It is force literally or figuratively – the power of a miracle or the miracle itself.
^LXIII “shaken” = saleuo. 15x in NT From salos (tossing, agitation, rolling – like the sea swells). This is to agitate or shake up. It can mean to disturb, topple, incite, or destroy.

^LXIV “see” = horao. To see, perceive, attend to, look upon, experience. Properly, to stare at and so implying clear discernment. This, by extension, would indicate attending to what was seen and learned. This is to see, often with a metaphorical sense. Can include inward spiritual seeing.
^LXV “Son” = huios. This is son, descendant – a son whether natural born or adopted. It can be used figuratively for other forms of kinship.
^LXVI “Man” = anthropos. Related to “Andrew” in v3 & to “see” in v26. Probably from aner (see note XXII above) + ops (eye, face); {from optanomai (to appear, be seen); perhaps from horao (see note LXIV above)}. This is human, humankind. Used for all genders.

^LXVII “coming” = erchomai. Same as “come” in v6. See note XXXV above.
^LXVIII “clouds” = nephele. From nephos (cloud; figurative for a great crowd or multitude). This is cloud or cloudiness.
^LXIX “glory” = doxa. From dokeo (to have an opinion, seem, appear, suppose; a personal judgment; to think); from dokos (opinion). This is literally something that evokes a good opinion – something that connects to our understanding of intrinsic worth. The ultimate expression of this is, of course, God and God’s manifestation. So, this is opinion, honor, and dignity, but also praise, glory, renown, and worship.

^LXX “send out” = apostello. From apo (from, away from) + stello (to send, set, arrange, prepare, gather up); {probably from histemi (to make to stand, stand, place, set up, establish, appoint, stand firm, be steadfast)}. This is to send forth, send away, dismiss, send as a messenger. It implies one that is sent for a particular mission or purpose rather than a quick errand. This is where “apostle” comes from.
^LXXI “angels” = aggelos. Probably from ago (to lead, bring, carry, guide) + agele (flock, herd, drove); {also from ago (see above)}. This is angel or messenger. Properly, it is one sent with news or to perform a specific task. This messenger can be human or an angel from heaven. More commonly, it is used for angels in the New Testament.
^LXXII “gather” = episunago. Related to “angels” in v27. 8x in NT– all in the Gospels, including Jesus’s lament to gather the people together as a hen gathers her brood. From epi (on, upon, what is fitting) + sunago (to lead together and so to assemble, bring together, welcome with hospitality, or entertain); {from sun (with, together with, closely associated) + ago (see note LXX above)}. This is to gather, assembly. It is to come together for a reason.

^LXXIII “elect” = eklektos. Related to “said” in v1. From eklego (to choose, select, elect); {from ek (from, from out of) + lego (see note V above)}. This is to select or choose. It is making a personal choice – a favorite.
^LXXIV “four” = tessares. This is four – used figuratively for total coverage.
^LXXV “winds” = anemos. From aer (air that we breathe); from aemi (to breathe or blow). This is wind or a gust of air. It can also be used figuratively for empty doctrines.
^LXXVI “ends” = akron. 6x in NT. Related to akantha (thorn bush, thorn); from ake (point, edge). This is end, tip, top, extreme.
^LXXVII “earth” = ge. This is earth, land, soil, region, country, the inhabitants of an area.
^LXXVIII “ends” = akron. Same as “ends” in v27. See note LXXVI above.

^LXXIX “fig tree” = suke. 16x in NT. From sukon (ripe fig). This is a fig tree, whether in an orchard or in the wild.
^LXXX “learn” = manthano. Related to “disciples” in v1. See note IV above.
^LXXXI “lesson” = parabole. From paraballo (literally to throw beside, compare, arrive, liken); {from para (by, beside, in the presence of) + ballo (to throw, cast, place, put, drop)}. This is a parable, comparison, adage. Quite often a tale told or a metaphor to establish a point, but it could be a true story.
^LXXXII “branch” = klados. 11x in NT. From klao (to break in pieces as one breaks bread). This is a branch, twig, or bough. It can also refer to descendants.
^LXXXIII “becomes” = ginomai. Same as “take place” in v7. See note XLII above.
^LXXXIV “tender” = hapalos. 2x in NT. This is tender or soft.

^LXXXV “puts forth” = ekphuo. 2x in NT. From ek (from, from out of) + phuo (to produce, spring up, grow, germinate; perhaps originally meaning puff or blow). This is to sprout up or put forth.
^LXXXVI “leaves” = phullon. Related to “puts forth” in v28. 6x in NT. Perhaps from the same as phule (clan, tribe, lineage); {from phuo (see note LXXX above). This is a sprout or a leaf.
^LXXXVII “know” = ginosko. Related to “name” in v6. See note XXXVI above.
^LXXXVIII “summer” = theros. 3x in NT. From thero (to heat). This is properly heat so it refers to the summer.
^LXXXIX “near” = eggus. Perhaps from agcho (to squeeze). This is nearby or near in time.

^XC “see” = horao. Same as “see” in v26. See note LXIV above.
^XCI “gates” = thura. This is opening or closure so it’s a door, gate, or entrance. Figuratively, this can refer to an opportunity.
^XCII “truly” = amen. From Hebrew amen (verily, truly, amen, truth, so be it, faithfulness); from aman (to believe, endure, fulfill, confirm, support, be faithful, put one’s trust in, be steadfast. Figuratively, this is to be firm, steadfast, or faithful, trusting, believing, being permanent, morally solid). This word is literally firmness, but figuratively fidelity, faithfulness, honesty, responsibility, trust, truth, steadfastness. Properly, it is to be sure, certain, or firm. This is a word of emphasis indicating that something crucial follows.
^XCIII “tell” = lego. Same as “said” in v1. See note V above.

^XCIV “generation” = genea. Related to “take place” in v7. From genos (family, offspring, kin – in a literal or figurative sense); from ginomai (see note XLII above). This is family, generation, kind, or nation. As generation, it implies an age as a period of time. It can also mean infinity. This is the root of the word “generation.
^XCV “pass away” = parerchomai. Related to “come” in v6. From para (from beside, by) + erchomai (see note XXXV above). This is pass by, neglect, disregard. Figuratively, it can mean to perish or to become void.
^XCVI “words” = logos. Related to “said” in v1 & “elect” in v27. From lego (see note V above). This is word, statement, speech, analogy. It is a word that carries an idea or expresses a thought, a saying. It could refer to a person with a message or reasoning laid out in words. By implication, this could be a topic, line of reasoning, or a motive. It can be used for a divine utterance or as Word – Christ.

^XCVII “hour” = hora. This is a set time or period, an hour, instant, or season. This is where the word “hour” comes from.
^XCVIII “knows” = eido. Related to “look” in v1. See note VI above.
^XCIX “Father” = pater. This is father in a literal or figurative sense. Could be elder, senior, ancestor, originator, or patriarch.
^C “keep alert” = agrupneo. 4x in NT. From a (not, without) + hupnos (sleep – literal or figurative); {perhaps from hupo (by, under, about, subordinate to)}. This is awake, not asleep, vigilant, alert.
^CI “know” = eido. Same as “knows” in v32. See note XCVIII above.

^CII “time” = kairos. This is season, opportunity, occasion. The word chronos is used for chronological time. Kairos is used for spiritually significant time – the right time or appointed time.
^CIII “come” = eimi. Same as “be” in v4. See note XXVI above.
^CIV “going on a journey” = apodemos. Related to “must” in v7. 1x in NT. From apo (from, away from) + demos (district, multitude, rabble, assembly; Greeks bound by similar laws or customs); {from deo (see note XLI above)}. This is to go abroad or travel from home.
^CV “leaves” = aphiemi. Same as “be left” in v2. See note XIV above.
^CVI “home” = oikia. Related to “buildings” in v1. From oikos (see note IX above). This is a house, household, goods, property, family, or means.

^CVII “puts” = didomi. Same as “give” in v24. See note LVII above.
^CVIII “slaves” = doulos. Related to “must” in v7 & “going on a journey” in v34. Perhaps from deo (tsee note XLI above). This is used for a servant or for a slave, enslaved. It refers to someone who belongs to someone else. But, it could be voluntary (choosing to be enslaved to pay off debt) or involuntary (captured in war and enslaved). It is used as a metaphor for serving Christ. Slavery was not inherited (i.e. the children of slaves were not assumed to be slaves) and slaves could buy their way to freedom. Slavery was generally on a contractual basis (that is for the duration of how long it took you to pay your debt and/or save up enough money to buy your freedom).
^CIX “charge” = exousia. Related to “be” in v4. From exesti (to be permitted or lawful); {from ek (out, out of) + eimi (see note XXVI above)}. This is power to act or weight. It especially denotes moral authority or influence. It can mean domain, liberty, freedom, capacity, mastery, right, force, or strength.

^CX “each” = hekastos. Perhaps from hekas (separate). This is each one, any, every. It is every individual as a distinct entity as opposed to those counted as a group in small sets.
^CXI “work” = ergon. From ergo (to work, accomplish, do). This is work, task, deed, labor, effort.
^CXII “commands” = entellomai. Related to “be accomplished” in v4 & “end” in v7. 15x in NT. From en (in, on, at, by, with) + tellomai (to accomplish); {related to telos (see note XXX above)}. This is to charge or command – focuses on the final objective. So, this is looking at the final outcome of the command – how things will end up.
^CXIII “doorkeeper” = thuroros. Related to “gates” in v29. 4x in NT. From thura (see note XCI above) + ouros (guardian).  This is gate warden or porter.
^CXIV “be on the watch” = gregoreo.  Related to “rise” in v8. From egeiro (see note XL above). This is to be or stay awake, watch. Figuratively, it can be alertness or vigilance.

^CXV “keep awake” = gregoreo. Same as “be on the watch” in v34. See note CXIV above.
^CXVI “know” = eido. Same as “knows” in v32. See note XCVIII above.
^CXVII “master” = kurios. From kuros (authority, supremacy). This is a respectful address meaning master or sir. It refers to one who has control or power greater than one’s own. So, it was also applied to God and Jesus as Master or Lord.
^CXVIII “house” = oikia. Same as “home” in v34. See note CVI above.
^CXIX “come” = erchomai. Same as “come” in v6. See note XXXV above.

^CXX “evening” = opse. 3x in NT. From opiso (back, behind, after); from the same as opisthen (after, back, from the rear); probably from opis (back). This is after, late, in the end, in the evening.
^CXXI “midnight” = mesonuktion. 4x in NT. From mesonuktios (at midnight); {from mesos (middle, among, center); {from meta (with among, behind, beyond; implies a change following contact or action)} + nux (night in a literal or figurative sense)}. This is at midnight – the middle watch of the night.
^CXXII “cockcrow” = alektorophonia. Related to “light” in v24. 1x in NT. From alektor (to ward off); {perhaps from aleko (to ward off)} + phone (voice, sound, tone or noise; also a language or dialect); {probably from phemi (to declare, say, use contrasts in speaking to shed light on one point of view); {from phao (see note LVIII above) or phaino (see note LVIII above)}}. This is the time when the rooster crows – after midnight and before thee in the morning.
^CXXIII “dawn” = proi. 12x in NT. From pro (before, earlier than, ahead, prior). This is early, at dawn, during the daybreak watch.

^CXXIV “find” = heurisko. This is to find, learn, or obtain. It is to discover something, which generally implies a period of searching for it. This is to find in a literal or figurative sense. This is where the word “heuristic” comes from.
^CXXV “asleep” = katheudo. From kata (down, against, throughout, among) + heudo (to sleep). This is to settle down to rest, to sleep, fall asleep in a literal or figurative sense.
^CXXVI “comes” = erchomai. Same as “come” in v6. See note XXXV above.
^CXXVII “suddenly” = exaiphnes. Related to “light” in v24 & “cockcrow” in v35. 5x in NT. From ek (from, from out of) + aiphnidios (literally not apparent so sudden or unexpected); {from aiphnes (suddenly); {from a (not, without) + phaino (see note LVIII above)}}. This is suddenly or unexpectedly.