Numbers 31

^I “Lord” = YHVH. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (to come to pass, become, be). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.
^II “spoke” = dabar. This is generally to speak, answer, declare, or command. It might mean to arrange and so to speak in a figurative sense as arranging words.
^III “Moses” = Mosheh. From mashah (to pull out in a literal or figurative sense, to draw out) OR from Egyptian mes or mesu (child, son i.e. child of…). This is Moses – the one drawn out from the water, which is to say, rescued. If derived from the Egyptian, his name would share a root with Rameses and Thutmose.
^IV “saying” = amar. This is to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report.

^V “avenge” = naqam + neqamah. Naqam is to avenge, punish, have a grudge, execute. Neqamah is related to “avenge” in v2. From naqam (a quarrel or vengeance); from naqam (see note V above). This is vengeance, or revenge – whether the act of vengeance or the drive towards vengeance.
^VI “Israelites” = ben + Yisrael. Literally, “children of Israel.” Ben is from banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense. Yisrael is from sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (God or god). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.
^VII “Midianites” = Midyani. 8x in OT. From midyan (Midian, Midianite, meaning “strife” or “place of judgment”); from the same as midyan (brawling, contention); from the same as madon (strife, contention, brawling); from din (to judge, defend, dispute, govern, strive). This is Midianite.

^VIII “afterward” = achar. From achar (to remain behind, linger, continue, be behind, or delay; can also imply procrastination). This is after or the last part, following.
^IX “gathered” = asaph. This is to gather, assemble, or bring. It can also mean to take away, destroy, or remove.
^X “people” = am. From amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together). This is people or nation. It can be used specifically for a tribe, collectively of troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals.
^XI “arm” = chalats. This is to pull off, withdraw, arm, loose, depart, deliver, prepare for a battle, strengthen.
^XII “number” = ish. Perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is man, husband, another, or humankind.
^XIII “war” = tsaba. From tsaba (to wage war, serve, assemble, fight, perform, muster, wait on). This is a large group of persons (used figuratively for a group of things). It implies a campaign literally as with army, war, warfare, battle, company, soldiers. Can also be used figuratively for hardship or for worship.

^XIV “go” = hayah. Related to “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^XV “Midian” = Midyan. Related to “Midianites” in v2. See note VII above.
^XVI “execute” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.
^XVII “vengeance” = neqamah. Same as “avenge” in v2. See note V above.

^XVIII “send” = shalach. This is to send out, away, send for, forsake. It can also mean to divorce or set a slave free.
^XIX “thousand” = eleph. Perhaps from the same as eleph (herd, cattle); from alaph (to learn, speak, associate with). This is thousand.
^XX “each” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.
^XXI “tribes” = matteh. From natah (to stretch or spread out, extend, bend). This is a staff, rod, branch, or tribe. It could be a rod for discipline or correction. It could be a scepter to indicate authority, a throwing lance, or a walking staff. Figuratively, it could also be something that supports life (like bread).
^XXII Literally, “a thousand form a tribe, a thousand from a tribe of all the tribes.”

^XXIII “conscripted” = masar. 2x in OT – both in this passage. This is to offer, commit, act, set apart, conscript, apostatize.
^XXIV “twelve” = shenayim + asar. Shenayim is from sheni (double, again, another, second); from shanah (to fold, repeat, double, alter, or disguise). This is two, both, second, couple. Asar is from the same as eser (ten). This is -teen or -teenth.
^XXV “battle” = tsaba. Same as “war” in v3. See note XIII above.

^XXVI “Phinehas” = Phinechas. Perhaps from peh (mouth in a literal or figurative sense; literally, beak or jaws; figuratively, speech, commands, or promises); {perhaps from pa’ah (to puff, scatter, cut in pieces)} + nachash (a serpent or snake); {from nachash (to divine, interpret omens, learn from experience, observe; to hiss)} OR from panah (to turn, face, appear) + chasah (to seek refuge). This is Phinehas, a name that may mean “mouth of a serpent,” “bronze-colored one,” “mouth of brass,” “oracle,” “trust your heart,” or “turn and hide.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Phinehas.html
^XXVII “son” = ben. Same as “Israelites” in v2. See note VI above.
^XXVIII “Eleazar” = Elazar. Related to “Israelites” in v2. From El (see note VI above) + azar (to help, protect, support, ally; properly, to surround so as to provide aid). This is Elezar or Elazar, meaning “God has helped” or “God is helper.”
^XXIX “priest” = kohen. This is literally the one who officiates i.e. the priest. This is where the Jewish last name “Cohen” (and its variants) comes from.

^XXX “vessels” = keli. From kalah (to end, be finished, complete, prepare, consume, spent, or completely destroyed). This is something that was prepared – any implement, utensil, article, vessel, weapon, or instrument. Also includes jewels, weapons, bags, carriages, and furniture.
^XXXI “sanctuary” = qodesh. This is set apart and so sacred. God is different from us and so God is holy/set apart. Things we dedicate to God’s service are set apart for God and so they, too, are holy, etc.
^XXXII “trumpets” = chatsotsrah. Perhaps from chatsar (to blow a trumpet, trumpeter, to surround). This is an ancient trumpet or someone who plays a trumpet.
^XXXIII “sounding the alarm” = teruah. From rua (to break or destroy something so figuratively, an ear splitting sound such as a call of alarm or a joyful sound). This is an alarm, trumpet sound, battle cry, rejoicing, joyful shout, or jubilee.
^XXXIV “hand” = yad. This is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.

^XXXV “did battle” = tsaba. Related to “war” in v3 14x in OT. See note XIII above.
^XXXVI “commanded” = tsavah. This is to charge, command, order, appoint, or enjoin. This is the root that the Hebrew word for “commandment” comes from (mitsvah).
^XXXVII “killed” = harag. This is to strike with deadly intent so it can be kill, destroy, murder, or put to death.
^XXXVIII “every” = kol. Same as “each” in v4. See note XX above.
^XXXIX “male” = zakar. From zakar (to remember, to mark something so that it can be recalled, to be mindful of, to mention). This is male. Properly, perhaps, it means one who is remembered, which is to say a male.

^XL “kings” = melek. From malak (to be or become king or queen, to rise to the throne, to be crowned; by implication, to take counsel). This is king or royal.
^XLI “Evi” = Evi. 2x in OT. From the same as avah (to desire, crave, wish for, lust after). This is Evi, meaning “desirous.”
^XLII “Rekem” = Reqem. 6x in OT. From raqam (to embroider, weave, vary color, fabricate). This is Rekem or Reqem, meaning “having many colors.”
^XLIII “Zur” = Tsur. 5x in OT. From tsur (rock, stone, cliff, boulder, rocky; a refuge, God); from tsur (to confine, cramp, or bind in a literal or figurative sense; to besiege, assault, or distress). This is Zur or Tsur, meaning “rock.”

^XLIV “Hur” = Chur. 15x in OT. From chavar (to be or become white or pale) OR from the same as chur (white things, white, white linen) OR from the same as chur (hole; a hole that was bored; a crevice where a snake lives; the cell of a prison). This is Hur or Chur, its meaning is uncertain.
^XLV “Reba” = Reba. 2x in OT. From reba (one-fourth, square, four sides, a direction, a side); from the same as arba (four); from raba (to make square or be four-sided);from raba (to lie down flat; can be to lie for mating). This is Reba, meaning “fourth” or “fourth part” or “promiscuous” or “pervert.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Reba.html
^XLVI “five” = chamesh. This is five.
^XLVII “slain” = chalal. From chalal (to pierce, to wound; figuratively, making someone or something profane or breaking your word; to begin as though one opened a wedge; to eat something as a common thing). This is to pierce, profane or pollute. It can also refer to slain or deadly.

^XLVIII “Balaam” = Bil’am. Related to “people” in v2. Probably from bal (not, none, nothing, a failure); {from balah (to grow old, wear out, waste away, consume, spend)} + am (see note X above) OR from bala (to swallow, engulf, cover, destroy) + am (see above). This is Balaam, meaning “not of the people” or “foreigner” or “swallowing up the people” or “destroyer of the people” or “destruction of the people” or “confuser of the people.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Balaam.html
^XLIX “Beor” = Beor. 10x in OT. From baar (burn, consume, heat, remove; to consume by a fire or through eating; can also mean being brutish or wasting). This is Beor, meaning “a lamp” or “a torch” or “burning” or “consuming.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Beor.html
^L “sword” = chereb. From charab (to attack, slay). This is any sharp instrument like a sword, dagger, axe, or mattock.

^LI “women” = ishshah. Related to “number” in v3. From ish (see note XII above). This is woman, wife, or female.
^LII “little ones” = taph. From taphaph (walking along with small, tripping steps like children do). This is little ones, children, families.
^LIII “took…captive” = shabah. This is to carry away into captivity, bring away, capture, lead away.
^LIV “plundered” = bazaz. This is to spoil, loot, pillage.
^LV “all” = kol. Same as “each” in v4. See note XX above.
^LVI “cattle” = behemah. This is animal or cattle. It is often used of large quadrupeds.

^LVII {untranslated} = kol. Same as “each” in v4. See note XX above.
^LVIII “flocks” = miqneh. From qanah (to get, acquire, purchase, move to jealousy, buyer, keep cattle). This is something that is bought, which implies property or possession. However, it is generally used of livestock – cattle, flock, herds.
^LIX “goods” = chayil. From chul (to be firm, strong, prosperous; to endure). This is strength, wealth, ability, activity. It can refer to soldier or a company of soldiers as well as goods. It is a force of people, means, or goods. It can speak of valor, virtue, or strength.

^LX “towns” = iyr. From uwr (to awaken or wake oneself up). This can mean excitement in the sense of wakefulness or city. Properly, this is a place that is guarded. Guards kept schedules according to watches. This sense of the word would include cities as well as encampments or posts that were guarded.
^LXI “settled” = moshab. From yashab (to sit and so to remain and so to dwell; sitting for any reason – as a judge, in order to ambush, or just sitting quietly; can mean settling or marrying; continue, endure, or establish). This is dwelling, seat, assembly, settlement, population.
^LXII “encampments” = tirah. 7x in OT. This is a wall, row, habitation, encampment. It could also be a fortress or castle.
^LXIII “burned” = saraph + esh. Saraph is to burn or kindle. This is the root that “seraphim” comes from. Esh is fire, burning, flaming, hot. It is fire in a literal or figurative sense.

^LXIV “took” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^LXV “spoil” = shalal. From shalal (to plunder, loot, capture). This is spoil, prey, or plunder.
^LXVI “plunder” = malqowach. Related to “took” in v11. 8x in OT. From laqach (see note LXIV above). This isjaws, prey, spoil, captives.
^LXVII “people” = adam. Perhaps from adam (to be red, make ruddy); related to adamah (ground, dirt, earth). This is man, humankind, also Adam’s name. It refers to a human individual or humanity.
^LXVIII “animals” = behemah. Same as “cattle” in v9. See note LVI above.

^LXIX “brought” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^LXX “captives” = shbiy. Related to “took…captive” in v9. From shebo (valuable stone, maybe agate) OR from shabah (see note LIII above). This is prisoner, exiled, captivity, booty.
^LXXI “congregation” = edah. From yaad (to appoint, assemble or gather selves, agree) OR from ed (witness, testimony, recorder); from ud (to admonish, repeat, duplicate, testify, restore, record, relieve). This is a congregation, assembly, or company. It could be a family, crowd, or fixture.
^LXXII “camp” = machaneh. From chanah (to decline, bending down, or living in tents; can be camping to create a home or camping as a part of battle). This is an encampment, whether of people traveling together or soldiers. So, it can be a camp band, or company as well as an army of soldiers. Also can be used of other groups like animals, angels or stars.

^LXXIII “plains” = arabah. From the same as arab (desert plateau, Arabia) OR from arab (to become evening); {from ereb (evening) or from arab (to exchange, give or take on pledge, braid, intermix)}. This is a desert valley or plain, wilderness. Also, the name of a place Arabah.
^LXXIV “Moab” = Moab. May be from ab (father, ancestor, grandfather; father in a literal or figurative sense). This is Moab or Moabite. Name could mean “from her father” in reference to the incestuous relationship between Lot and his daughters. The name could also mean, more pleasantly, “seed of a father” or “desirable land.” See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moab
^LXXV “Jordan” = Yarden. From yarad (to go down, descend; going down in a literal or figurative sense; going to the shore or a boundary, bringing down an enemy). This is the Jordan River, meaning “descending.”
^LXXVI “Jericho” = Yericho. From yareach (moon); {from the same as yerach (month)} OR from ruach (smell, breathe, perceive, anticipate, accept, enjoy). This is Jericho meaning either “moon city” or “fragrant place.”

^LXXVII “leaders” = nasi. From nasa (to lift in a broad sense, literally and figuratively; to carry, take, or arise; to bring forth, advance, accept). This is one lifted up or exalter. So, it could be prince, chief, ruler, captain, king, or vapor.
^LXXVIII “went” = yatsa. This is to go or come out, bring forth, appear. It is to go out in a literal or figurative sense.
^LXXIX “meet” = qirah. From the same as qara (to happen, meet, bring about). This is any kind of encounter, whether peaceful, hostile, or incidental. It can also mean help or seek.
^LXXX “outside” = chuts. Root may mean to sever. So, this is something that is separated by a wall – the outside, the street, a field, highway, or abroad.

^LXXXI “became angry” = qatsaph. This is angry or provoked to wrath. It suggests a bursting into anger.
^LXXXII “officers” = paqad. This is to attend to or visit – can be used for a friendly or violent encounter. So, it can be to oversee, care for, avenge, or charge.
^LXXXIII “army” = chayil. Same as “goods” in v9. See note LIX above.
^LXXXIV “commanders” = sar. This is chief, leader, ruler, lord, official, governor, prince, military leader. It refers to someone at the top of a rank or class.
^LXXXV “hundreds” = meah. This is hundred or some number times one hundred (i.e. hundredfold or the base of two hundred, three hundred, etc.).

^LXXXVI “come” = bo. Same as “brought” in v12. See note LXIX above.
^LXXXVII “service” = tsaba. Same as “war” in v3. See note XIII above.
^LXXXVIII “war” = milchamah. From lacham (to eat or feed on; figuratively, to battle as a kind of consumption/destruction). This is battle, war, fighting, or one who fights (i.e. a warrior).
^LXXXIX “women” = neqebah. From naqab (to pierce, bore holes, puncture; to make a hole more or less forcefully; also to curse or libel). This is female or woman from an anatomical reference.
^XC “live” = chayah. This is to live or keep alive in a literal or figurative sense. So, it can be revive, nourish, or save.

^XCI {untranslated} = hen. This is a remark of surprise or excitement: lo! Behold! It can also mean if or though.
^XCII “advice” = dabar. Related to “spoke” in v1. See note II above.
^XCIII “made” = hayah. Same as “go” in v3. See note XIV above.
^XCIV “act” = masar. Same as “conscripted” in v5. See note XXIII above.
^XCV “treacherously” = maal. From maal (to be or behave in a way that is unfaithful, to violate or transgress; to cover up). This is treachery, lie, unfaithful action, or sin.

^XCVI “affair” = dabar. Same as “advice” in v16. See note XCII above.
^XCVII “Peor” = Peor. 5x in OT– 4x in Numbers & 1x in Joshua. From paar (to gape, yawn; open wide – especially the mouth – in a literal or figurative sense). This is Peor, meaning “gap” or “opening.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Peor.html
^XCVIII “plague” = maggephah. From nagaph (to strike, beat, hurt, stumble, defeat, inflict disease). This is a blow, calamity, plague, or defeat.
^XCIX “came” = hayah. Same as “go” in v3. See note XIV above.

^C “known” = yada. This is to know, acknowledge, advise, answer, be aware, be acquainted with. Properly, this is to figure something out by seeing. It includes ideas of observation, recognition, and care about something. It can be used causatively for instruction, designation, and punishment.
^CI “man” = ish. Same as “number” in v3. See note XII above.
^CII “sleeping” = mishkab. From shakab (to lie down, lodge; lying for sleep, sex, or other reasons). This is a place where one lies down i.e. a bed, couch, or bedchamber. It can also be used in an abstract sense to refer to sleep or euphemistically for sex.
^CIII “him” = zakar. Same as “male” in v7. See note XXXIX above.

^CIV “young” = taph. Same as “little ones” in v9. See note LII above.
^CV “girls” = ishshah. Same as “women” in v9. See note LI above.
^CVI “man” = zakar. Same as “male” in v7. See note XXXIX above.
^CVII “keep alive” = chayah. Same as “live’ in v15. See note XC above.

^CVIII “camp” = chanah. Related to “camp” in v12. See note LXXII above.
^CIX “camp” = machaneh. Same as “camp” in v12. See note LXXII above.
^CX “seven” = sheba. This is seven or by sevenfold. It can also be used to imply a week or an indefinite number. Symbolically, this is the number of fullness, sacredness, perfection.
^CXI “days” = yom. Root may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.
^CXII “whoever” = kol. Same as “each” in v4. See note XX above.
^CXIII “any” = kol. Same as “each” in v4. See note XX above.
^CXIV “person” = nephesh. Related to naphash (to refresh or be refreshed). This is soul, self, person, emotion. It is a breathing creature. Can also refer to appetites and desires.

^CXV “touched” = naga. This is touch, reach, arrive, come near, strike. This is touching for any reason including sexual or violent.
^CXVI “corpse” = chalal. Same as “slain” in v8. See note XLVII above.
^CXVII “purify” = chata. This is properly to miss, and so figuratively it is used for sinning, bearing the blame. It implies a forfeiture or loss of something.
^CXVIII “third” = shelishi. From shalosh (three, fork, triad). This is third or one-third of something.
^CXIX “seventh” = shebii. Related to “seven” in v19. From sheba (see note CX above). This is seventh.

^CXX “garment” = beged. From bagad (to cover or conceal; figuratively, to act in a covert or treacherous way, to transgress or pillage). This is clothing, garment, robe, or some other kind of clothing. Figuratively, it can be treachery or pillaging.
^CXXI “article” = keli. Same as “vessels” in v6. See note XXX above.
^CXXII “skin” = or. Perhaps from ur (to be made naked, exposed, or bare). This is skin, hide, or leather. It can also refer to a body.

^CXXIII “everything” = kol. Same as “each” in v4. See note XX above.
^CXXIV “made” = maaseh. From asah (to do, make, accomplish, become). This is a work – any action whether positive or negative. It can also be a transaction, construction, activity, property, or something that is produced.
^CXXV “goats’” = ez. Perhaps from azaz (to be strong in a literal or figurative sense, overcome, be impudent). This is a female goat, but can refer to male goats when plural.
^CXXVI “wood” = ets. Perhaps from atsah (to shut, fasten, firm up, to close one’s eyes). This is tree or other things related to trees like wood, sticks, or stalks. It can also refer to wood products like a plank or staff or gallows. Additionally, this can refer to a carpenter.

^CXXVII “troops” = enosh + tsaba. Literally, “men of war.” Enosh is related to “number” in v3 & “women” in v9. See note XII above. Tsaba is the same as “war” in v3. See note XIII above.
^CXXVIII “gone” = bo. Same as “brought” in v12. See note LXIX above.
^CXXIX “battle” = milchamah. Same as “war” in v14. See note LXXXVIII above.

^CXXX “statute” = chuqqah. From choq (statute, boundary, condition, custom, limit, ordinance; something that is prescribed or something that is owed); from chaqaq (to inscribe, carve, or decree; a lawmaker; literally, this is engraving, but it implies enacting a law because laws were carved into stone or metal). This is something prescribed such as a statue, custom, or ordinance.
^CXXXI “law” = torah. From yarah (to throw, shoot, be stunned; to flow as water so figuratively to instruct or teach). This is law, instruction, teaching, or statute. It can also refer to the first five books of the Bible – the Torah.
^CXXXII “Lord” = YHVH. Related to “Lord” in v1 & “go” in v3. From the same as YHVH (see note I above). It has a different vowel pointing, but the same meaning as Lord.

^CXXXIII {untranslated} = ak. Related to aken (surely, truly, nevertheless); from kun (properly, in a perpendicular position; literally, to establish, fix, fasten, prepare; figuratively, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous). This is a positive statement – surely, also, certainly, alone, only.
^CXXXIV “gold” = zahab. Root may mean to shimmer. This is gold or something that has the color of gold like oil. It can also refer to a clear sky – to good weather.
^CXXXV “silver” = keseph. From kasaph (to long for, be greedy; to become pale). This is silver or money.
^CXXXVI “bronze” = nechosheth. Related to “Phinehas” in v6. Perhaps from nechushah (copper, bronze, brass – something made from this metal like a coin or fetter; something that is considered base in contrast to gold or silver.; from nachush (made of bronze or brass, coppery; figuratively, hard); from nachash (see note XXVI above). This is bronze, copper, steel, brass or something made from copper. So, it could be a coin or chains. It can also figuratively mean something considered lesser in contrast to gold or silver.

^CXXXVII “iron” = barzel. From the same as Birzoth (a name meaning holes). Root may mean to pierce. This is iron as something used as a cutting implement. It can also specifically mean ax head.
^CXXXVIII “tin” = bedil. 6x in OT. From badal (to divide, distinguish, select, differ, sever; to divide in a literal or figurative sense). This is something smelted from precious metal – dross, alloy. It can refer to tin or a plummet.
^CXXXIX “lead” = ophereth. 9x in OT. From the same as opher (stag, fawn, hart); from aphar (to throw dust, be dust); from aphar (dust as powdered, perhaps gray colored; ashes, powder, ground, dry earth, clay mud, or rubbish). This is lead, the metal, since it is dust-colored.

^CXL “everything” = kol + dabar. Kol is the same as “each” in v4. See note XX above. Dabar is the same as “advice” in v16. See note XCII above.
^CXLI “withstand” = bo. Same as “brought” in v12. See note LXIX above.
^CXLII “fire” = esh. Same as “burned” in v10. See note LXIII above.
^CXLIII “pass” = abar. This is to pass over or cross over. It is used for transitions, whether literal or figurative. It can also mean to escape, alienate, or fail. This is the root verb from which “Hebrew” is drawn.
^CXLIV “be clean” = taher. This is properly being bright, which implies being pure or clean. This word can also mean purge, cleanse, or purify. It can be clean in a ritual sense or a moral one (i.e. moral or holy).

^CXLV “nevertheless” = ak. Same as {untranslated} in v22. See note CXXXIII above.
^CXLVI “water” = mayim. This is water, waters, or waterway in a general sense. Figuratively, it can also mean juice, urine, or semen.
^CXLVII “purification” = niddah. From nadad (to wave back and forth; figuratively, to flee, stray, flutter chase away, shake, or shrink; to be a fugitive). This is rejection, filthiness, impurity, menstruation, idolatry, incest.
^CXLVIII “whatever” = kol. Same as “each” in v4. See note XX above.

^CXLIX “wash” = kabas. This is to trample – washing by stomping feet. It can be fulling in a literal or figurative sense.
^CL “clothes” = beged. Same as “garment” in v20. See note CXX above.
^CLI “come” = bo. Same as “brought” in v12. See note LXIX above.
^CLII “camp” = machaneh. Same as “camp” in v12. See note LXXII above.

^CLIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CLIV “spoke” = amar. Same as “saying” in v1. See note IV above.
^CLV “heads” = rosh. Same as “inventory” in v26. See note CLVII below.
^CLVI “ancestral” = ab. Related to “Moab” in v12. See note LXXIV above.

^CLVII “make an inventory” = nasa + et + rosh. Literally, “lift up the head.” Nasa is related to “leaders” in v13. See note LXXVII above. Rosh may come a word that means to shake. It is the head, captain, or chief. It can also be excellent or the forefront. It can be first in position or in statue or in time (i.e. the beginning).
^CLVIII “plunder” = malqowach. Same as “plunder” in v11. See note LXVI above.
^CLIX “captured” = shbiy. Same as “captives” in v12. See note LXX above.
^CLX “human” = adam. Same as “people” in v11. See note LXVII above.

^CLXI “divide” = chatsah. 15x in OT. This is to halve, divide, reach, participate.
^CLXII “plunder” = malqowach. Same as “plunder” in v11. See note LXVI above.
^CLXIII “into two parts” = bayin. From bin (to discern, consider, attend to; distinguishing things in one’s mind or, more generally, to understand). This is among, between, interval.
^CLXIV “warriors” = taphas + milchamah. Literally, “those who took part in the war.” Taphas is to catch, seize, wield, capture. It can also mean to use unwarrantably. Milchamah is the same as “war” in v14. See note LXXXVIII above.
^CLXV “went out” = yatsa. Same as “went” in v13. See note LXXVIII above.
^CLXVI “battle” = tsaba.  Same as “war” in v3. See note XIII above.
^CLXVII {untranslated} = bayin. Same as “into two parts” in v27. See note CLXIII above.

^CLXVIII “warriors” = ish + milchamah. Literally, “men of war.” Ish is the same as “number” in v3. See note XII above. Milchamah is the same as “war” in v14. See note LXXXVIII above.
^CLXIX “went out” = yatsa. Same as “went” in v13. See note LXXVIII above.
^CLXX “battle” = tsaba. Same as “war” in v3. See note XIII above.
^CLXXI “set aside” = rum. This is to rise or raise, to be high literally or figuratively. So it can also mean to exalt or extol.
^CLXXII “tribute” = mekes. 6x in OT – all in this chapter. From kasas (to estimate, divide, calculate) OR a word meaning to count up. This is computation – an amount to be paid, a tax.
^CLXXIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.

^CLXXIV “one” = echad. Perhaps from achad (to unify, continue on a path; figuratively, to gather one’s thoughts). This is the number one, first, united. It can also be alone, altogether, a certain, a few.
^CLXXV “item” = nephesh. Same as “person” in v19. See note CXIV above.
^CLXXVI “persons” – adam. Same as “people” in v11. See note LXVII above.
^CLXXVII “oxen” = baqar. From baqar (to plow, break forth; figuratively, to inquire, inspect, consider). This is cattle – an animal used for plowing.
^CLXXVIII “donkeys” = chamor. From chamar (to be red, blush). This is a male donkey.
^CLXXIX “sheep” = tson. This is a flock of sheep and goats.

^CLXXX “half” = machatsith. Related to “divide” in v27. 16x in OT. From chatsah (see note CLXI above). This is half or middle.
^CLXXXI “offering” = terumah. Related to “set aside” in v28. From rum (see note CLXXI above). This is offering, gift – a sacred offering. It could also be a tribute or a bribe.
^CLXXXII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CLXXXIII {untranslated} = achaz. This is to grasp, catch, seize, take and hold in possession. It can also be to be afraid or hold back.
^CLXXXIV “fifty” = chamishshim. Related to “five” in v8. From chamesh (see note XLVI above). This is fifty.
^CLXXXV “persons” = adam. Same as “people” in v11. See note LXVII above.

^CLXXXVI “Levites” = Leviyyi. From Levi (Levi; perhaps meaning “attached”; Jacob’s son, his tribe, and descendants); perhaps from lavah (to join, twine, unite, remain, borrow, lend). This is Levite or levitical.
^CLXXXVII “perform” = shamar. This is to keep, watch, or preserve. It means to guard something or to protect it as a thorny hedge protects something.
^CLXXXVIII “duties” = mishmereth. Related to “perform” in v30. From mishmar (jail, guard, watch, guard post); from shamar (see note CLXXXVII above). This is a guard or watch or guard post. It is used figuratively for obligation, duty, or observance, including religious observance.
^CLXXXIX “tabernacle” = mishkan. From shakan (to settle down in the sense of residing somewhere or staying there permanently; to abide or continue). This is a place where one lives – a tabernacle, tent, or other kind of dwelling. It can also be a lair where animals live, the grave, the Temple, or the Tabernacle.
^CXC “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.

^CXCI “did” = asah. Related to “made” in v20. See note CXXIV above.
^CXCII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CXCIII {untranslated} = hayah. Same as “go” in v3. See note XIV above.
^CXCIV “plunder” = malqowach. Same as “plunder” in v11. See note LXVI above.
^CXCV “remaining” = yether. From yathar (to jut over, remain behind, preserve, to excel). This is a remainder or excess. It can imply abundant or superiority. Additionally, it can be cord a free-hanging rope.

^CXCVI “spoils” = baz. Related to “plundered” in v9. From bazaz (see note LIV above). This is robbery, spoil, booty, prey.
^CXCVII “troops” = am + tsaba. Literally, “people of war.” Am is the same as “people” in v2. See note CLIV above. Tsaba is the same as “war” in v3. See note XIII above.
^CXCVIII “taken” = bazaz. Same as “plundered” in v9. See note LIV above.
^CXCIX “six” = shesh. This is six. Figuratively, it can be a surplus since it is one more than the number of fingers on the hand.
^CC “seventy” = shibim. Related to “seven” and “seventh” in v19. From sheba (see note CX above). This is seventy.
^CCI “sixty” = shishshim. Related to “six” in v32. From shesh (see note CXCIX above). This is sixty.

^CCII {untranslated} = nephesh. Same as “person” in v19. See note CXIV above.
^CCIII “thirty” = sheloshim. Related to “third” in v19. From the same as shalosh (see note CXVIII above). This is thirty or thirtieth.
^CCIV “persons” = nephesh + adam. Nephesh is the same as “person” in v19. See note CXIV above. Adam is the same as “people” in v11. See note LXVII above.
^CCV “man” = zakar. Same as “male” in v7. See note XXXIX above.

^CCVI “half-share” = mechetsah. Related to “divide” in v27 & “half” in v29. 2x in OT – both in this passage. From chatsah (see note CLXI above). This is half, halving.
^CCVII “portion” = cheleq. From chalaq (to be smooth in a figurative sense; can refer to the stones that were part of casting lots – hence, apportion, share, distribute; figuratively, it can also mean to flatter). This is a division, lot, inheritance, legacy, or portion. It can also refer to a smooth tongue.
^CCVIII “gone out” = yatsa. Same as “went” in v13. See note LXXVIII above.
^CCIX “war” = tsaba. Same as “war” in v3. See note XIII above.

^CCX “was” = hayah. Same as “go” in v3. See note XIV above.
^CCXI “number” = mispar. From the same as sepher (writing itself or something that is written like a document, book, letter, evidence, bill, scroll, or register); from saphar (to tally or record something; to enumerate, recount, number, celebrate, or declare). This is a number, whether definite or symbolic – could be innumerable, few, abundance. It can also be a tally or account – or a narration.
^CCXII “three” = shalosh. Related to “third” in v19 & “thirty” in v35. See note CXVIII above.
^CCXIII “Lord’s” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CCXIV “Lord’s” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CCXV “Lord’s” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.

^CCXVI “persons” = nephesh + adam. Nephesh is the same as “person” in v19. See note CXIV above. Adam is the same as “people” in v11. See note LXVII above.
^CCXVII “sixteen” = shesh + asar. Shesh is the same as “six” in v32. See note CXCIX above. Asar is the same as “twelve” in v5. See note XXIV above.
^CCXVIII “Lord’s” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CCXIX “persons” = nephesh. Same as “person” in v19. See note CXIV above.
^CCXX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CCXXI “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.

^CCXXII “separated” = chatsah. Same as “divide” in v27. See note CLXI above.
^CCXXIII “troops” = ish + tsaba. Literally, “men who fought.” Ish is the same as “number” in v3. See note XII above. Tsaba is the same as “did battle” in v7. See note XXXV above.
^CCXXIV “half” = mechetsah. Same as “half-share” in v36. See note CCVI above.
^CCXV “persons” = nephesh + adam. Nephesh is the same as “person” in v19. See note CXIV above. Adam is the same as “people” in v11. See note LXVII above.
^CCXXVI “half” = machatsith. Same as “half” in v29. See note CLXXX above.
^CCXXVII “took” = laqach. Same as “took” in v11. See note LXIV above.
^CCXXVIII {untranslated} = achaz. Same as {untranslated} in v30. See note CLXXXIII above.

^CCXXIX “every” = min. This is from, out of, more than.
^CCXXX “both of” = min. Same as “every” in v28. See note CCXXIX above.
^CCXXXI “persons” = adam. Same as “people” in v11. See note LXVII above.
^CCXXXII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CCXXXIII “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.

^CCXXXIV “army” = tsaba. Same as “war” in v3. See note XIII above.
^CCXXXV “approached” = qarab. This is to come near, offer, make ready, approach, take.
^CCXXXVI “servants” = ebed. From abad (to work, serve, compel; any kind of work; used causatively, can mean to enslave or keep in bondage). This is a servant, slave, or bondservant.
^CCXXXVII “counted” = nasa + et + rosh. Literally, “lifted up the head of.” Nasa is the same as “make” in v26. See note CLVII above. Rosh is the same as “inventory” in v26. See note CLVII below.

^CCXXXVIII “warriors” = ish + milchamah. Ish is the same as “number” in v3. See note XII above. Milchamah is the same as “war” in v14. See note LXXXVIII above.
^CCXXXIX “under…command” = yad. Same as “hand” in v6. See note XXXIV above.
^CCXL “one” = ish. Same as “number” in v3. See note XII above.
^CCXLI “is missing” = paqad. Same as “officers” in v14. See note LXXXII above.
^CCXLII “brought” = qarab. Same as “approached” in v48. See note CCXXXV above.
^CCXLIII “Lord’s” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CCXLIV “offering” = qorban. Related to “approached” in v48. From qarab (see note CCXLII above). This is an oblation or offering, which is to say, a sacrifice.

^CCXLV “each” = ish. Same as “number” in v3. See note XII above.
^CCXLVI “found” = matsa. This is to find, catch or acquire. It can also mean to come forth or appear. Figuratively, this can mean to meet or be together with.
^CCXLVII “armlets” = etsadah. 2x in OT. From the same as tseadah (ankle chain) OR from ts’adah (marching, ankle chain); {from tsaad (a step, pace, or stride); from tsaad (to step, go, run, walk, to pace; to march with a regular step, climb up, hurl down)}. This is bracelet, chain.
^CCXLVIII “bracelets” = tsamiyd. 7x in OT. From tsamad (to join, link, fasten; figuratively to serve or contrive). This is some kind of covering or lid such as a bracelet or arm clasp.

^CCXLIX “signet rings” = tabbaath. From taba (to sink, drown, settle, or fasten). This is a signet ring or seal. It can also be used more broadly for rings in general.
^CCL “earrings” = agil. 2x in OT. From the same as egel (male calf as one that frisks about; often one that is almost grown up); from the same as agol ((round, circular – root meaning revolve). This is something round – a hoop or ring as jewelry.
^CCLI “pendants” = kumaz. 2x in OT. It may come from a word that means to store. This is some kind of jewelry, perhaps a bracelet or necklace or gold beads.

^CCLII “make atonement” = kaphar. This is to appease, cover, pacify, cancel, make atonement, placate. Specifically, it can mean to cover with bitumen.
^CCLIII “ourselves” = nephesh. Same as “person” in v19. See note CXIV above.
^CCLIV “before” = paneh. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.
^CCLV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.

^CCLVI “received” = laqach. Same as “took” in v11. See note LXIV above.
^CCLVII “crafted” = maaseh. Same as “made” in v20. See note CXXIV above.
^CCLVIII “offering” = terumah. Same as “offering” in v29. See note CLXXXI above.
^CCLIX “offered” = rum. Same as “set aside” in v28. See note CLXXI above.
^CCLX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.
^CCLXI “shekels” = sheqel. From shaqal (to weigh, spend, trade). This is shekel or sheqel. It is a unit of weight, generally used in trade.

^CCLXII “troops” = ish + tsaba. Literally, “men of war.” Ish is the same as “number” in v3. See note XII above. Tsaba is the same as “war” in v3. See note XIII above.
^CCLXIII “taken plunder” = bazaz. Same as “plundered” in v9. See note LIV above.
^CCLXIV {untranslated} = ish. Same as “number” in v3. See note XII above.
^CCLXV “brought” = bo. Same as “brought” in v12. See note LXIX above.

^CCLXVI “tent” = ohel. Perhaps from ahal (to shine, be clear). This is a tent, covering, home, or side pillar.
^CCLXVII “meeting” = moed. Related to “congregation” in v12. From yaad (see note LXXI above). This is a meeting, assembly, fixed time. It can be used for a festival or feast. It can also refer to a meeting place.
^CCLXVIII “memorial” = zikkaron. Related to “male” in v7. From zakar (see note XXXIX above). This is remembrance, memorial, or record. It can also be a day that is memorable.
^CCLXIX “before” = paneh. Same as “before’ in v50. See note CCLIV above.
^CCLXX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note I above.