Psalm 119

^I “happy” = esher. From ashar (to go straight, lead, guide; to be level and so to be right, blessed, honest, happy). This is happy or blessedness.
^II “way” = derek. From darak (to tread, march, to walk. Can also mean affixing a string to a box since one needs to step on it to bend it in the process; so also an archer). This is a road as a thing that is walked on. Can be used figuratively for the path that one’s life takes or how one chooses to live one’s life.
^III “blameless” = tamim. From tamam (to finish or accomplish; to make perfect, demonstrate that you are upright; consume; to complete in a literal or figurative sense). This is entire in a literal or figurative sense. So, it could be complete, full, intact, or without defect. Alternately, it could refer to being sound, having integrity, being sincere or perfect.

^IV “walk” = halak. This is go, come, walk. It is walk literally and figuratively and includes people and animals. It can be used figuratively for one’s moral life – how we walk according to God’s way or against it. It can also refer to the walk of life as in the course one’s life takes, the choices we make, etc.
^V “law” = torah. From yarah (to throw, shoot, be stunned; to flow as water so figuratively to instruct or teach). This is law, instruction, teaching, or statute. It can also refer to the first five books of the Bible – the Torah.
^VI “Lord” = YHVH. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (to come to pass, become, be). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.

^VII “keep” = natsar. This is to watch, guard, protect. It can be positive – preserve or obey. It can be negative as conceal.
^VIII “decrees” = edah. From ed (witness, testimony, recorder); from ud (to admonish, repeat, duplicate, testify, restore, record, relieve). This is testimony or witness.
^IX “seek” = darash. This is seek, ask, inquire, care for. Generally it means following in pursuit or following as part of a search, which implies seeking or asking. Also used specially to mean worship.
^X “whole” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.
^XI “heart” = leb. May be related to labab (to encourage; properly, to be encased as with fat; used in a good sense, this means to transport someone with love; used in a bad sense, it can mean to dull one’s senses). This is the heart, courage, one’s inner self, the mind, or the will. Heart is only used in a figurative sense in the Old and New Testaments.

^XII “also” = aph. This is also, furthermore, even.
^XIII “do” = paal. This is to do, make, work, or accomplish. Generally refers to regularly repeated or systematic action – so, to practice.
^XIV “wrong” = evel. Perhaps from aval (to deal unjustly, act in a wrongful way, a wrongdoer). This is injustice, wrong, moral evil, acts of violence, or unrighteousness.

^XV “commanded” = tsavah. This is to charge, command, order, appoint, or enjoin. This is the root that the Hebrew word for “commandment” comes from (mitsvah).
^XVI “precepts” = piqqud. From paqad (to attend to or visit – can be used for a friendly or violent encounter; to oversee, care for, avenge, or charge). This is something that is appointed or decreed by God. It can refer to the Law as a whole or a commandment individually.
^XVII “kept” = shamar. This is to keep, watch, or preserve. It means to guard something or to protect it as a thorny hedge protects something.
^XVIII “diligently” = meod. Perhaps from the same as uwd (firebrand, a poker). This is very, greatly, exceedingly. It can also mean vehemence, force, abundance.

^XIX “o that” = achalay. 2x in OT. Perhaps from ach (ah, oh, alas; used for grief or surprise); {from ahahh (alas, oh; exclamation of pain)} + lu (if only, please, would, I pray; a conditional). This is if only, oh, a wish.
^XX “be steadfast” = kun. Properly, this means in a perpendicular position. So, it is set up in a literal sense – establish, fix, fasten, prepare. In a figurative sense, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous.
^XXI “keeping” = shamar. Same as “kept” in v4. See note XVII above.
^XXII “statutes” = choq. From chaqaq (to inscribe, carve, or decree; a lawmaker; literally, this is engraving, but it implies enacting a law because laws were carved into stone or metal). This is statute, boundary, condition, custom, limit, ordinance It is something that is prescribed or something that is owed.

^XXIII “be put to shame” = bosh. Properly, this means to be pale, which implies shame, disappointment, or confusion.
^XXIV “having my eyes fixed” = nabat. This is to behold, look at intently, consider, or scan. It can mean to have respect or regard someone favorably.
^XXV “all” = kol. Same as “whole” in v2. See note X above.
^XXVI “commandments” = mitsvah. Related to “commanded” in v4. From tsavah (see note XV above). This is a commandment, law, ordinance obligation, or tradition. It is something commanded whether by God or by a human authority. This term is sometimes used collectively to refer to the Law.

^XXVII “praise” = yadah. From yad (hand). This is to throw one’s hands into the air in a gesture of praise. So, it is to praise, give thanks, or make a confession.
^XXVIII “upright” = yosher. 14x in OT. From yashar (to be straight, right, even, smooth, or agreeable; figuratively, to make something pleasant or prosperous). This is uprightness, integrity, equity, honest.
^XXIX “heart” = lebab. Related to “heart” in v2. It is the same word in a different form. See note XI above.

^XXX “learn” = lamad. Properly, this refers to goading (using a pointed stick to guide or prod one’s flock). By implication, it means teaching or instructing.
^XXXI “righteous” = tsedeq. This is rightness, righteousness, vindication. It is everything that is just or ethical. That which is right in a natural, moral, or legal sense. It also includes just weights (i.e. true weights). Figuratively, this is justice, righteousness, equity – even prosperity.
^XXXII “ordinances” = mishpat. From shaphat (to judge, defend, pronounce judgment, condemn, govern). This is a verdict or formal sentence whether from humans or from God. It includes the act of judging as well as the place that judging takes place, the suit itself, and the penalty. Abstractly, this is justice, which includes the rights of the participants.

^XXXIII “observe” = shamar. Same as “kept” in v4. See note XVII above.
^XXXIV “utterly” = ad + meod. Ad is from the same as ad (old, perpetuity, eternity; a duration going back or forward); from adah (to advance or continue; to take away or remove; adorning oneself with ornaments). This is until or while. Meod is the same as “diligently” in v4. See note XVIII above.
^XXXV “forsake” = azab. To loosen, relinquish, permit, forsake, fail, leave destitute.

^XXXVI “young people” = naar. May be from na’ar (to shake, toss up and down, tumble around). This is a child or a servant. It is a child in their active years so they could be aged anywhere from infancy to adolescence.
^XXXVII “way” = orach. From arach (to go, travel, wander). This is a road that is widely used, highway, caravan, traveler, troop.
^XXXVIII “keep…pure” = zakah. 8x in OT. This is being clear or see through, so figuratively it means being innocent or blameless. It can also be clear, cleansed, justified, or pure.

^XXXIX “guarding” = shamar. Same as “kept” in v4. See note XVII above.
^XL “word” = dabar. From dabar (to speak, declare, discuss). This is speech, a word, a matter, an affair, charge, command, message, promise, purpose, report, request. It is a word, which implies things that are spoken of in a wide sense.
^XLI “heart” = leb. Same as “heart” in v2. See note XI above.
^XLII “stray” = shagah. This is to mislead, stray, wander, deceive. It is to sin from ignorance, to make a mistake. It can also mean being enraptured.

^XLIII “treasure” = tsaphan. This is to hide something by covering it. It implies hoarding or keeping something in reserve. It can mean to protect or to lurk.
^XLIV “word” = imrah. From emer (speech, thing, utterance, promise, argument, command); from amar (to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report). This is any kind of utterance, a word or commandment.
^XLV “heart” = leb. Same as “heart” in v2. See note XI above.
^XLVI “sin” = chata. This is properly to miss, and so figuratively it is used for sinning, bearing the blame. It implies a forfeiture or loss of something.

^XLVII “blessed” = barak. This is to kneel, to bless. It is blessing God as part of worship and adoration or blessing humans to help them. It can be used as a euphemism to say curse God.
^XLVIII “teach” = lamad. Same as “learn” in v7. See note XXX above.
^XLIX “lips” = saphah. This is lip, edge, border, bank – used for a boundary. It can also be speech or language.
^L “declare” = saphar. From sepher (writing, document, book, evidence). This is properly to tally or record something. It can be enumerate, recount, number, celebrate, or declare.
^LI “mouth” = peh. This is mouth in a literal or figurative sense. So, more literally, it can be beak or jaws. More figuratively, it refers to speech, commands, or promises.

^LII “delight” = sus. This is to rejoice or be glad. Properly, it is to be bright or cheerful.
^LIII “way” = derek. Same as “way” in v1. See note II above.
^LIV “decrees” = eduth. Related to “decrees” in v2. From ed (see note VIII above). This is testimony, ordinance, decree, warning, or witness.
^LV “riches” = hon. From hun (to be easy, be ready, act light). This is wealth, possession, enough.

^LVI “meditate” = siach. From siach (musing, meditation, communication, babbling, prayer, contemplation). This is to muse, meditate, complain, sing, sigh, speak, or utter.
^LVII “ways” = orach. Same as “way” in v9. See note XXXVII above.
^LVIII “delight” = sha’a. 9x in OT– all in the Psalms and Isaiah. This is to play, delight, stare, cry out, cheer. It can also be to shut eyes, to be blind.
^LIX “statutes” = chuqqah. Related to “statutes” in v5. From choq (see note XXII above). This is something prescribed such as a statue, custom, or ordinance.
^LX “forget” = shakach. This is to forget because of not remembering something or not paying attention to it. It can also mean to mislay.
^LXI “word” = dabar. Same as “word” in v9. See note XL above.

^LXII “deal bountifully” = gamal. This is how one deals with someone whether positively or negatively – so to reward, requite. It can also mean to wean or the work that goes into something ripening.
^LXIII “servant” = ebed. From abad (to work, serve, compel; any kind of work; used causatively, can mean to enslave or keep in bondage). This is a servant, slave, or bondservant.
^LXIV “live” = chayah. This is to live or keep alive in a literal or figurative sense. So, it an be revive, nourish, or save.
^LXV “word” = dabar. Same as “word” in v9. See note XL above.

^LXVI “open” = galah. This is to remove, bring, carry, lead, appear, advertise. It can mean to strip someone or something bare in a negative sense. Captives were typically stripped before they were sent into exile. Used figuratively, in a positive sense, this word means reveal, disclose, discover.
^LXVII “eyes” = ayin. This is eye in a literal or figurative sense so eye, appearance, favor, or a fountain (the eye of the landscape).
^LXVIII “behold” = nabat. Same as “having my eyes fixed” in v6. See note XXIV above.
^LXIX “wondrous things” = pala. From pele (wonder, miracle, wonderful, marvelous thing). This is to be extraordinary, to arise, to be great or accomplish.

^LXX “alien” = ger. From gur (to abide or sojourn; to leave the road to lodge or for any other reason). This is sojourner, guest, stranger, foreigner.
^LXXI “land” = erets. Root may mean to be firm. This is earth, ground, field land, or country.
^LXXII “hide” = sathar. This is hide, conceal, or be absent. It is hiding because something is covered – used in a literal or figurative sense.
^LXXIII “soul” = nephesh. Related to naphash (to refresh or be refreshed). This is soul, self, person, emotion. It is a breathing creature. Can also refer to appetites and desires.
^LXXIV “consumed” = garas. 2x in OT. This is to be broken, grind, or dissolve.
^LXXV “longing” = taabah. 1x in OT. From taab (to long for, desire). This is a longing or desire.
^LXXVI “times” = et. Probably from anah (to answer, sing, announce); from ad (forever, all, old); from adah (to pass on, advance, decorate oneself). This is a period or season. It can also mean whenever or continually.

^LXXVII “rebuke” = gaar. 14x in OT. This is to rebuke, corrupt, or chide.
^LXXVIII “insolent” = zed. 13x in OT. From zud (to cook, boil up, or seethe; figuratively, it can mean to act with arrogance or insolence, to be rebellious). This is arrogant, proud, or presumptuous. It can also refer to an arrogant person.
^LXXIX “wander” = shagah. Same as “stray” in v10. See note XLII above.

^LXXX “take away” = galal. 18x in OT. This is to roll, roll away, wallow, commit, remove. It is rolling in a literal or figurative sense.
^LXXXI “scorn” = cherpah. From charaph (to expose and so figuratively to reproach, defame, carp at, defy). This is reproach, rebuke, shame, or disgrace. It can also refer to genitals.
^LXXXII “contempt” = buz. 12x in OT. From buz (to disrespect, hate, scorn). This is contempt, laughingstock, shame, or hated.
^LXXXIII “kept” = natsar. Same as “keep” in v2. See note VII above.
^LXXXIV “decrees” = edah. Same as “decrees” in v2. See note VIII above.

^LXXXV “princes” = sar. This is chief, leader, ruler, lord, official, governor, prince, military leader. It refers to someone at the top of a rank or class.
^LXXXVI “sit” = yashab. This is to sit and so to remain and so to dwell. It is sitting for any reason – as a judge, in order to ambush, or just sitting quietly. Causatively, this can mean settling or marrying. This can also mean continue, endure, or establish.
^LXXXVII “plotting” = dabar. Related to “word” in v9. See note XL above.
^LXXXVIII “statutes” = choq. Same as “statutes” in v5. See note XXII above.

^LXXXIX “decrees” = edah. Same as “decrees” in v2. See note VIII above.
^XC “delight” = shaashuim. Related to “delight” in v16. 9x in OT. From shaa (to delight, play) OR form sha’a (see note LVIII above). This is a delight, pleasure, or enjoyment.
^XCI {untranslated} = enosh. From anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is human, humankind, another. It is mortal.
^XCII “counselors” = etsah. From yaats (to counsel, advise, determine). This is advice, purpose, plan, prudence, or counselor.

^XCIII “clings” = dabaq. This is to follow closely or abide fast, to cling or be joined together. Figuratively, it can mean to catch something by chasing after it, to overtake, or to stick. A man clings to his wife in Genesis 2:24, Shechem was deeply attracted to Dinah in Genesis 34:3, Ruth clung to Naomi in Ruth 1:14, Solomon clung to his foreign wives and concubines in 1 Kings 11:2. It is also used of a tongue sticking to the mouth, pursuing or overtaking as in battle, and also clinging to God.
^XCIV “dust” = aphar. May be related to aphar (to throw dust, be dust). This is dust as powdered, perhaps gray colored. It could be ashes, powder, ground, dry earth, clay mud, or rubbish.
^XCV “revive” = chayah. Same as “live” in v17. See note LXIV above.
^XCVI “word” = dabar. Same as “word” in v9. See note XL above.

^XCVII “told” = saphar. Same as “declare” in v13. See note L above.
^XCVIII “ways” = derek. Same as “way” in v1. See note II above.
^XCIX “answered” = anah. Related to “times” in v20. See note LXXVI above.
^C “statutes” = choq. Same as “statutes” in v5. See note XXII above.
^CI “make…understand” = bin. This is to discern, consider, attend to. It refers to distinguishing things in one’s mind or, more generally, to understand.
^CII “way” = derek. Same as “way” in v1. See note II above.
^CIII “wondrous works” = pala. Same as “wondrous things” in v18. See note LXIX above.

^CIV “melts” = dalaph. 3x in OT. This is to drip, melt, weep, pour out.
^CV “sorrow” = tugah. 4x in OT – 1x in Psalms & 3x in Proverbs. From yagah (to suffer, grieve, afflict). This is grief, sorrow, depression.
^CVI “strengthen” = qum. To arise, stand, accomplish, establish, abide. This is rising as in rising against, getting up after being sick or asleep, arising from one state to another, becoming powerful, or rising for action. It can also be standing in a figurative sense.
^CVII “word” = dabar. Same as “word” in v9. See note XL above.
^CVIII “false” = sheqer. This is deception, lie, or disappointment. It can also be something that is vain or wrongfully.
^CIX “ways” = derek. Same as “way” in v1. See note II above.
^CX “put…far” = sur. This is to turn aside in a literal or figurative sense – to depart, decline, rebel, remove, or withdraw.
^CXI “graciously teach” = chanan. This is to beseech, show favor, be gracious. Properly, it is to bend in kindness to someone with less status.

^CXII “chosen” = bachar. This is to choose, appoint, try, excellent.
^CXIII “way” = derek. Same as “way” in v1. See note II above.
^CXIV “faithfulness” = emunah. From aman (to believe, endure, fulfill, confirm, support, be faithful, put one’s trust in, be steadfast. Figuratively, this is to be firm, steadfast, or faithful, trusting, believing, being permanent, morally solid). This word is literally firmness, but figuratively fidelity, faithfulness, honesty, responsibility, trust, truth, steadfastness. This word shares a root with the word “Amen.”
^CXV “set” = shavah. This is to equalize, resemble, agree with, compare, adjust, compose, place, or yield.
^CXVI “decrees” = eduth. Same as “decrees” in v14. See note LIV above.

^CXVII “run” = ruts. This is to run or rush, divide quickly, bring swiftly. It can also refer to a footman or guard.
^CXVIII “way” = derek. Same as “way” in v1. See note II above.
^CXIX “enlarge” = rachab. This is to grow wide or enlarge in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean extend, relieve, rejoice, or speak boldly. This is the verb that Rahab comes from. 
^CXX “understanding” = leb. Same as “heart” in v2. See note XI above.

^CXXI “teach” = yarah. Related to “law” in v1. See note V above.
^CXXII “way” = derek. Same as “way” in v1. See note II above.
^CXXIII “statutes” = choq. Same as “statutes” in v5. See note XXII above.
^CXXIV “observe” = natsar. Same as “keep” in v2. See note VII above.
^CXXV “end” = eqeb. 15x in OT. Perhaps from aqab (to assail, supplant, overreach, follow or grab someone’s heel, to trip someone up); perhaps from aqeb (heel, hind part, hoof, rear guard of an army, one who lies in wait, usurper). This is a heel as the final part of something i.e. the result, consequence, or reward. It can also be used as an adverb to mean as ever.

^CXXVI “give…understanding” = bin. Same as “make…understanding” in v27. See note CI above.
^CXXVII “keep” = natsar. Same as “keep” in v2. See note VII above.
^CXXVIII “observe” = shamar. Same as “kept” in v4. See note XVII above.
^CXXIX “heart” = leb. Same as “heart” in v2. See note XI above.
^CXXX “lead” = darak. Related to “way” in v1. See note II above.
^CXXXI “path” = nathiyb. Root may mean to tramp. This is a path beaten from regular use. So, it is pathway or traveler.
^CXXXII “delight” = chaphets. Properly, this means inclined towards or bending to. Figuratively, it means to desire, delight in, or be pleased with.

^CXXXIII “turn” = natah. This is to stretch or spread out, to extend, or bend. In can also imply moral deflection.
^CXXXIV “heart” = leb. Same as “heart” in v2. See note XI above.
^CXXXV “decrees” = eduth. Same as “decrees” in v14. See note LIV above.
^CXXXVI “selfish gain” = betsa. From batsa (to break or cut off, to acquire violently, break ranks, greedy, fulfill; usually, it means to plunder). This is dishonest gain or gain from violence. It can also be plunder or profit.

^CXXXVII “turn” = abar. This is to pass over or cross over. It is used for transitions, whether literal or figurative. It can also mean to escape, alienate, or fail. This is the root verb from which “Hebrew” is drawn.
^CXXXVIII “looking” = raah. This is to see in a literal or figurative sense so stare, advise, think, view.
^CXXXIX “vanities” = shav. Perhaps from the same as sho (ruin, desolation, storm; from a root that means rushing over – hence a storm and hence devastation). This is emptiness, false, worthless, deceit. It can also refer to evil, guile, idolatry, or something being in vain.
^CXL “give…life” = chayah. Same as “live” in v17. See note LXIV above.
^CXLI “ways” = derek. Same as “way” in v1. See note II above.

^CXLII “confirm” = qum. Same as “strengthen” in v28. See note CVI above.
^CXLIII “promise” = imrah. Same as “word” in v11. See note XLIV above.
^CXLIV “fear” = yirah. From yare (to fear, be afraid, dreadful; also fearful reverence – to fear in a moral sense is to say to revere, respect). This is fear or reverence.
^CXLV “disgrace” = cherpah. Same as “scorn” in v22. See note LXXXI above.
^CXLVI “dread” = yagor. 5x in OT. This is to fear or be in dread.
^CXLVII “good” = tob. From tob (to be pleasing, to be good). This is good, beautiful, pleasant, agreeable, bountiful, at ease. This word is used for goodness as a concept, a good thing, a good person. This can refer to prosperity and welfare as well as joy, kindness, sweetness, and graciousness. So, this is ethically good, but also enjoyably good.

^CXLVIII “see” = hinneh. From hen (lo! Behold! If, though; an expression of surprise). This is to draw attention, show suddenness or surprise, or to emphasize the importance of the coming statement. See! Lo! Behold!
^CXLIX “longed” = taab. Related to “longing” in v20. 2x in OT. See note LXXV above.
^CL “righteousness” = tsedaqah. Related to “righteous” in v7. From the same as tsedeq (see note XXXI above). This is righteousness, justice, righteous acts, and moral virtue.

^CLI “steadfast love” = chesed. From chasad (being good, kind, merciful; may mean bowing one’s neck as is done in the presence of an equal for courtesy’s sake; so, if one in a superior position is treating you like an equal, that is what is captured here). This is favor, goodness, kindness, loving kindness, pity, reproach, or a good deed. When done by God to humanity, this is mercy/loving kindness. When done by humanity to God, it is piety.
^CLII “come” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^CLIII “salvation” = teshuah. From yasha (to deliver, defend, help, preserve, rescue; properly, to be open, wide or free, which implies being safe; to free someone). This is deliverance or salvation.

^CLIV “have” = anah. Same as “answered” in v26. See note XCIX above.
^CLV “answer” = dabar. Same as “word” in v9. See note XL above.
^CLVI “taunt” = charaph. Related to “scorn” in v22. See note LXXXI above.
^CLVII “trust” = batach. This is to hide for refuge, be secure or sure. Figuratively, it refers to trust, being confident, or hoping.
^CLVIII “word” = dabar. Same as “word” in v9. See note XL above.

^CLIX “take” = natsal. This is to snatch someone or something away in a good sense – as rescue, defend, or deliver – or in a bad sense – as strip or plunder.
^CLX “word” = dabar. Same as “word” in v9. See note XL above.
^CLXI “truth” = emet. Related to “faithfulness” in v30. From aman (see note CXIV above). This is firmness or stability. Figuratively, it is faithfulness, truth, or trustworthiness. This is the same root that “amen” comes from.
^CLXII “hope is in” = yachal. This is to wait, which implies patience, hope, and trust. It can also be pained waiting.

^CLXIII “keep” = shamar. Same as “kept” in v4. See note XVII above.
^CLXIV “continually” = tamid. May come from a word that means to stretch. This word means an indefinite period of time. So, it could be regular or daily. It could also be constantly, continually, always, or perpetually.
^CLXV “forever” = olam. This is a long scope of time whether in the past (antiquity, ancient time) or in the future (eternal, everlasting).
^CLXVI “ever” = ed. Related to “utterly” in v8. From adah (see note XXXIV above). This is eternity, old, a duration.
^CLXVII “liberty” = rachab. Related to “enlarge” in v32. From rachab (see note CXIX above). This is wide, extensive, spacious, or vast. It is roomy in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean liberty or proud.

^CLXVIII “speak” = dabar. Same as “plotting” in v23. See note LXXXVII above.
^CLXIX “decrees” = edah. Same as “decrees” in v2. See note VIII above.
^CLXX “before” = neged. From nagad (to declare, make conspicuous, stand in front, manifest, predict, explain). This is in front of, opposite to. It can refer to a counterpart or partner, one corresponding to or in the sight of.
^CLXXI “kings” = melek. From malak (to be or become king or queen, to rise to the throne, to be crowned; by implication, to take counsel). This is king or royal.

^CLXXII “find…delight” = sha’a. Same as “delight” in v16. See note LVIII above.
^CLXXIII “love” = aheb. This is to love, beloved, friend. It is to have affection for sexually or otherwise.
^CLXXIV “revere” = nasa + kaph. Literally “lift up my hands to.” Nasa is to lift in a broad sense, literally and figuratively. So it could be to carry, take, or arise. It could also be bring forth, advance, accept. Kaph is from kaphaph (to bend – from a root meaning curve or bend down). This is palm of the hand or sole of the foot, footstep, grasp. Figuratively, it can also mean power.
^CLXXV “statutes” = choq. Same as “statutes” in v5. See note XXII above.
^CLXXVI “remember” = zakar. This is to remember, to mark something so that it can be recalled, to be mindful of, to mention.
^CLXXVII “word” = dabar. Same as “word” in v9. See note XL above.
^CLXXVIII “made…hope” = yachal. Same as “hope is in” in v43. See note CLXII above.

^CLXXIX “comfort” = nechamah. 2x in OT. From nacham (a strong breath or sigh; to be sorry, to pity, console, comfort, or repent; also to comfort oneself with thoughts of vengeance). This is comfort or consolation.
^CLXXX “distress” = oniy. From anah (to be bowed down; humility or being browbeaten, oppressed, afflicted, or depressed; literal or figurative – depressed in mood or circumstance). This is misery, poverty, or affliction.
^CLXXXI “arrogant” = zed. Same as “insolent” in v21. See note LXXVIII above.
^CLXXXII “deride” = luts. Perhaps from the same as lits (to scorm, mock, or deride; an envoy or interpreter). Properly, this means “to make mouths at” or scoff, mock. It can also be ambassador or interpreter in reference to pronouncing another language.
^CLXXXIII “turn away” = natah. Same as “turn” in v36. See note CXXXIII above.

^CLXXXIV “think” = zakar. Same as “remember” in v49. See note CLXXVI above.
^CLXXXV “old” = olam. Same as “forever” in v44. See note CLXV above.
^CLXXXVI “take comfort” = nacham. Related to “comfort” in v50. Se note CLXXIX above..
^CLXXXVII “hot indignation” = zalaphah. 3x in OT. Perhaps from za’aph (to be angry, rage, fret; this is to boil up and so figuratively being angered). This is burning or burning heat. Figuratively, it is strong indignation or horror – a scorching wind or a consuming famine.
^CLXXXVIII “seizes” = achaz. This is to grasp, catch, seize, take and hold in possession. It can also be to be afraid or hold back.
^CLXXXIX “wicked” = rasha. This is morally wrong so it refers to someone who is actively bad as wicked, criminal, an evil person, offender, condemned, or ungodly.

^CXC “statutes” = choq. Same as “statutes” in v5. See note XXII above.
^CXCI “been” = hayah. Related to “Lord” in v1. See note VI above.
^CXCII “songs” = zamir. 7x in OT. From zamar (making music; used specially of music to worship God; music with singing, singing praise, singing psalms); may be from zamar (to trim or prune). This is a song, psalm, or other music accompanied with instruments.
^CXCIII “wherever I make…home” = bayit + magor. Literally, “in the house of my pilgrimage.” Bayit is probably from banah (to build, make, set up, obtain children; to build literally or figuratively). This is house, court, family, palace, temple. Magor is related to “alien” in v19. From gur (see note LXX above). This is a dwelling place, a temporary lodging. It can also mean to be fearful as one might be in a strange place.

^CXCIV “name” = shem. May be from sum (to put, place, set). This is name, fame, renown. A name was thought to indicate something essential about a person – something about their individuality. So, this word can also mean honor, authority, or character.
^CXCV “night” = layil. Properly, this refers to light twisting away. It is used for night or midnight. Figuratively, this can mean adversity.
^CXCVI “keep” = shamar. Same as “kept” in v4. See note XVII above.
^CXCVII “fallen” = hayah. Same as “been” in v54. See note CXCI above.
^CXCVIII “kept” = natsar. Same as “keep” in v2. See note VII above.

^CXCIX “portion” = cheleq. From chalaq (to be smooth in a figurative sense; can refer to the stones that were part of casting lots – hence, apportion, share, distribute; figuratively, it can also mean to flatter). This is a division, lot, inheritance, legacy, or portion. It can also refer to a smooth tongue.
^CC “promise” = amar. Related to “word” in v1. See note XLIV above.
^CCI “keep” = shamar. Same as “kept” in v4. See note XVII above.
^CCII “words” = dabar. Same as “word” in v9. See note XL above.

^CCIII “implore” = chalah. Properly, this is to be worn; hence, being weak, sick, or afflicted. It can also mean to grieve or, positively, to flatter or entreat.
^CCIV “favor” = paneh. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.
^CCV “heart” = leb. Same as “heart” in v2. See note XI above.
^CCVI “be gracious” = chanan. Same as “graciously teach” in v29. See note CXI above.
^CCVII “promise” = imrah. Same as “word” in v11. See note XLIV above.

^CCVIII “think” = chashab. This is properly to braid or interpenetrate. Literally it is to create or to wear. Figuratively, it can mean plotting – generally in a negative sense. More broadly, this can also mean think, consider, or make account of.
^CCIX “ways” = derek. Same as “way” in v1. See note II above.
^CCX “turn” = shub. To turn back, return, turn away – literally or figuratively. Doesn’t necessarily imply going back to where you started from. This is also the root verb for the Hebrew word for repentance “teshubah.”
^CCXI “feet” = regel. This is foot, endurance, or journey. It is a foot as the means of walking and so it implies a step or a greater journey. It can be used euphemistically for private parts.
^CCXII “decrees” = edah. Same as “decrees” in v2. See note VIII above.

^CCXIII “hurry” = chush. This is to hurry, be eager.
^CCXIV “delay” = mahah. 9x in OT. Perhaps from mah (what, how long). This is to delay, question, linger, be reluctant.
^CCXV “cords” = chebel. From chabal (to bind, pledge, or wind tight; figuratively, can refer to perverting or destroying something; can also be used of writhing in pain, particularly in reference to childbirth). This is a band, rope, measuring line, noose. It can be a company, territory, or country. It can also refer to a throe of labor or ruin.

^CCXVI “midnight” = chatsoth + layil. Chatsoth is 3x in OT. From chatsah (to halve, divide, reach, participate). This is division or middle. Layil is the same as “night” in v55. See note CXCV above.
^CCXVII “rise” = qum. Same as “strengthen” in v28. See note CVI above.
^CCXVIII “companion” = chaber. 12x in OT. From chabar (to unite, ally, attach, touch; to join in a literal or figurative sense; also, specially, using magic knots or spells to fascinate or connect). This is something that is united or knit together such as an associate or a companion.
^CCXIX “fear” = yare. Related to “fear” in v38. See note CXLIV above.
^CCXX “keep” = shamar. Same as “kept” in v4. See note XVII above.

^CCXXI “earth” = erets. Same as “land” in v19. See note LXXI above.
^CCXXII “is full” = male. This is fill, satisfy, replenish, accomplish, fulfill, confirm, or consecrate. It is fill in a literal or figurative sense.
^CCXXIII “teach” = lamad. Same as “learn” in v7. See note XXX above.
^CCXXIV “statutes” = choq. Same as “statutes” in v5. See note XXII above.
^CCXXV “dealt” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.
^CCXXVI “well” = tob. Same as “good” in v39. See note CXLVII above.
^CCXXVII “word” = dabar. Same as “word” in v9. See note XL above.

^CCXXVIII “teach” = lamad. Same as “learn” in v7. See note XXX above.
^CCXXIX “good” = tub. Related to “good” in v39. From tob (see note CXLVII above). This is goodness, gladness, something that is good. It can also be beauty, welfare, or joy.
^CCXXX “judgment” = taam. 13x in OT. From taam (to taste, perceive). This is taste, perception, discernment, decree, understanding, sanity.
^CCXXXI “knowledge” = daat. From yada (to know, be aware, see and so understand – includes observation, care, recognition; can also be used as a euphemism). This is knowledge, unawares, cunning, wittingly.
^CCXXXII “believe” = aman. Related to “faithfulness” in v30 & “truth” in v43. See note CXIV above.

^CCXXXIII “was humbled” = anah. Related to “distress” in v50. See note CLXXX above.
^CCXXXIV “went astray” = shagag. 4x in OT. This is to go astray, sin, be deceived. It is to sin through ignorance.
^CCXXXV “keep” = shamar. Same as “kept” in v4. See note XVII above.
^CCXXXVI “word” = imrah. Same as “word” in v11. See note XLIV above.
^CCXXXVII “good” = tob. Same as “good” in v39. See note CXLVII above.
^CCXXXVIII “do good” = tob. Related to “good” In v39 & “good” in v66. See note CXLVII above.
^CCXXXIX “teach” = lamad. Same as “learn” in v7. See note XXX above.
^CCXL “statutes” = choq. Same as “statutes” in v5. See note XXII above.

^CCXLI “smear” = taphal. 3x in OT. This is to smear, cover with plaster, glue, sew. It can mean to make a false statement about someone.
^CCXLII “lies” = sheqer. Same as “false” in v29. See note CVIII above.
^CCXLIII “heart” = leb. Same as “heart” in v2. See note XI above.
^CCXLIV “keep” = natsar. Same as “keep” in v2. See note VII above.
^CCXLV “hearts” = leb. Same as “heart” in v2. See note XI above.
^CCXLVI “are fat” = taphash. 1x in OT. This is to be thick, fat, or stupid.
^CCXLVII “gross” = cheleb. This is fat, finest, marrow. It is fat in a literal or figurative sense. It refers to the richest or best part.
^CCXLVIII “delight” = sha’a. Same as “delight” in v16. See note LVIII above.

^CCXLIX “good” = tob. Same as “good” in v39. See note CXLVII above.
^CCL “learn” = lamad. Same as “learn” in v7. See note XXX above.
^CCLI “statutes” = choq. Same as “statutes” in v5. See note XXII above.
^CLII “better” = tob. Same as “good” in v39. See note CXLVII above.
^CCLIII “thousands” = eleph. Perhaps from the same as eleph (herd, cattle); from alaph (to learn, speak, associate with). This is thousand.
^CCLIV “gold” = zahab. Root may mean to shimmer. This is gold or something that has the color of gold like oil. It can also refer to a clear sky – to good weather.
^CCLV “silver pieces” = keseph. From kasaph (to long for, be greedy; to become pale). This is silver or money.

^CCLVI “hands” = yad. This is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.
^CCLVII “made” = asah. Same as “dealt” in v65. See note CCXXV above.
^CCLVIII “fashioned” = kun. Same as “be steadfast” in v5. See note XX above.
^CCLIX “learn” = lamad. Same as “learn” in v7. See note XXX above.
^CCLX “fear” = yare. Related to “fear” in v38 & “fear” in v63. From the same as yare (see note CCXIX above). This is fearful or morally reverent.
^CCLXI “see” = raah. Same as “looking” in v37. See note CXXXVIII above.
^CCLXII “rejoice” = samach. This is to rejoice or be glad. Properly, it is to brighten up in a literal or figurative sense.
^CCLXIII “word” = dabar. Same as “word” in v9. See note XL above.

^CCLXIV “know” = yada. Related to “knowledge” in v66. See note CCXXXI above.
^CCLXV “judgments” = mishpat. Same as “ordinances” in v7. See note XXXII above.
^CCLXVI “right” = tsedeq. Same as “righteous” in v7. See note XXXI above.
^CCLXVII {untranslated} = na. This particle is used for requests or for urging. It can be we pray, now, I ask you, oh. This is the same “na” in “hosanna.”
^CCLXVIII “become” = hayah. Same as “been” in v54. See note CXCI above.
^CCLXIX “comfort” = nacham. Same as “take comfort” in v52. See note CLXXXVI above.
^CCLXX “promise” = imrah. Same as “word” in v11. See note XLIV above.

^CCLXXI “mercy” = racham. From the same as rechem (womb); from racham (to love, have compassion, have mercy); from racham (compassion, tender love, womb, compassion; the womb as that which cherishes the fetus). This is compassion, mercy, or tender love.
^CCLXXII “delight” = shaashuim. Same as “delight” in v24. See note XC above.
^CCLXXIII “subverted” = avath. 11x in OT. This is to be crooked, falsify, pervert, thwart, turn upside down, overthrow.
^CCLXXIV “guile” = sheqer. Same as “false” in v29. See note CVIII above.
^CCLXXV “fear” = yare. Same as “fear” in v74. See note CCLX above.
^CCLXXVI “turn” = shub. Same as “turn” in v59. See note CCX above.
^CCLXXVII “decrees” = edah. Same as “decrees” in v2. See note VIII above.

^CCLXXVIII “heart” = leb. Same as “heart” in v2. See note XI above.
^CCLXXIX “statutes” = choq. Same as “statutes” in v5. See note XXII above.
^CCLXXX “languishes” = kalah. This is to end, be finished, complete, prepare, consume, spent, or completely destroyed.
^CCLXXXI “word” = dabar. Same as “word” in v9. See note XL above.
^CCLXXXII “fail” = kalah. Same as “languishes” in v81. See note CCLXXX above.
^CCLXXXIII “promise” = imrah. Same as “word” in v11. See note XLIV above.
^CCLXXXIV “ask” = amar. Same as “promise” in v57. See note CC above.
^CCLXXXV “comfort” = nacham. Same as “take comfort” in v52. See note CLXXXVI above.

^CCLXXXVI “wineskin” = nod. 6x in OT. This is a wineskin or a jug or leather bag. It is used to hold liquids.
^CCLXXXVII “smoke” = qitor. 4x in OT. Perhaps from qatar (to smoke or burn; especially of sacrifice – the fragrance of the offering); perhaps from qetoreth (smoke, incense, the scent of the sacrifice as it burned) or perhaps from Qatar (to shut in or join). This is smoke, clouds, vapor.
^CCLXXXVIII “statutes” = choq. Same as “statutes” in v5. See note XXII above.
^CCLXXXIX “how long” = mah + yom. Literally, “how many days.” Yom has a root that may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.
^CCXC “judge” = asah…mishpat. Asah is the same as “dealt” in v65. See note CCXXV above. Mishpat is the same as “ordinances” in v7. See note XXXII above.
^CCXCI “persecute” = radaph. This is to chase after, pursue, hunt, or persecute. It is running after someone or something, generally with hostile motives.

^CCXCII “dug” = karah. 17x in OT– 8x of digging a pit or trap, 2x of digging a well, 2x of digging a tomb, 2x of bargaining, 1x shriveled, 1x opening an ear, and 1x of digging up evil. This is properly to dig or open up. Figuratively, it can be to plot or make a banquet.
^CCXCIII “pitfalls” = shichah. 3x in OT. From shuach (to bow or sink down in a literal or figurative sense, humble). This is a pit or pit-fall.
^CCXCIV “flout” = lo. Literally, “not.”
^CCXCV “enduring” = emunah. Same as “faithfulness” in v30. See note CXIV above.
^CCXCVI “without cause” = sheqer. Same as “false” in v29. See note CVIII above.
^CCXCVII “help” = azar. This is to surround, which implies encircling to protect someone or help them out. It can also be help, ally, or support.

^CCXCVIII “almost” = me’at. From ma’at (being or becoming small, decrease, diminish, pare off). This is a little or few, lightly little while, very small matter.
^CCXCIX “made an end” = kalah. Same as “languishes” in v81. See note CCLXXX above.
^CCC “spare…life” = chayah. Same as “live” in v17. See note LXIV above.
^CCCI “keep” = shamar. Same as “kept” in v4. See note XVII above.
^CCCII “decrees” = eduth. Same as “decrees” in v14. See note LIV above.
^CCCIII “word” = dabar. Same as “word” in v9. See note XL above.
^CCCIV “is firmly fixed” = natsab. This is to station, appoint, establish, take a stand.
^CCCV “heaven” = shamayim. Root may mean being lofty. This is sky, the air, or heaven. It is in a dual noun form so this might refer to the part of the sky where the clouds move on the one hand and the part beyond that where the sun, moon, and stars are on the other hand.

^CCCVI “to all generations” = dor + dor. Literally, “to generation and generation.” From dur (to move in a circle, which implies living somewhere or remaining there; it can also be the sense of piling or heaping up). This is a revolution of time, which is to say, an age or generation. It can also be a dwelling or one’s posterity.
^CCCVII “established” = kun. Same as “be steadfast” in v5. See note XX above.
^CCCVIII “stands fast” = amad. This is to stand up in a literal or figurative sense. So it can be establish, continue, endure, take a stand, act, be a servant, stand still, remain, stand against an enemy.
^CCCIX “appointment” = mishpat. Same as “ordinances” in v7. See note XXXII above.
^CCCX “stand” = amad. Same as “stands fast” in v90. See note CCCVIII above.
^CCCXI “today” = yom. Same as “how long” in v84. See note CCLXXXIX above.

^CCCXII “delight” = shaashuim. Same as “delight” in v24. See note XC above.
^CCCXIII “perished” = abad. To wander off, lose self. This implies to perish, destroy, die, vanish, or be broken or corrupt.
^CCCXIV “misery” = oniy. Same as “distress” in v50. See note CLXXX above.
^CCCXV “never” = olam + lo. Olam is the same as “forever” in v44. See note CLXV above.

^CCCXVI “save” = yasha. Related to “salvation” in v41. See note CLIII above.
^CCCXVII “lie in wait” = qavah. It can mean to bind or gather together, especially in the sense of twisting together. In that light, it can mean collect. Figuratively, this can mean to wait, await, expect, or tarry.
^CCCXVIII “destroy” = abad. Same as “perished” in v92. See note CCCXIII above.
^CCCXIX “consider” = bin. Same as “make…understanding” in v27. See note CI above.
^CCCXX “decrees” = edah. Same as “decrees” in v2. See note VIII above.

^CCCXXI “limit” = qets. From qatsats (to cut or chop off in a literal or figurative sense). This is outer border, end, or extremity. It can also mean infinite.
^CCCXXII “perfection” = tiklah. Related to “languishes” in v81. 1x in OT. From kalah (see note CCLXXX above). This is completeness or perfection.
^CCCXXIII “exceedingly” = meod. Same as “diligently” in v4. See note XVIII above.
^CCCXXIV “broad” = rachab. Same as “liberty” in v45. See note CLXVII above.
^CCCXXV “meditation” = sichah. Related to “meditate” in v15. 3x in OT. Perhaps from siach (see note LVI above). This is a complaint, reflection, or prayer.
^CCCXXVI “makes…wiser” = chakam. This is to be wise or teach wisdom. It is wisdom in thought, word, or action.
^CCCXXVII “enemies” = oyeb. From ayab (to hate or be hostile to). This is a foe or enemy as one that you are hostile to.
^CCCXXVIII “always” = olam. Same as “forever” in v44. See note CLXV above.

^CCCXXIX “have…understanding” = sakal. This is to consider or be prudent and so it can mean to instruct or be an expert. It can also mean dealing prudently, which implies success and prospering. This verb presumes intelligence of the subject. In one form of the verb, it can mean laying cross-wise.
^CCCXXX “teachers” = lamad. Same as “learn” in v7. See note XXX above.
^CCCXXXI “decrees” = eduth. Same as “decrees” in v14. See note LIV above.
^CCCXXXII “understand” = bin. Same as “make…understanding” in v27. See note CI above.
^CCCXXXIII “aged” = zaqen. From the same as zaqan (beard or chin – the beard represents old age). This is old, aged, or elder.
^CCCXXXIV “keep” = natsar. Same as “keep” in v2. See note VII above.

^CCCXXXV “hold back” = kala. 18x in OT. This is to stop in the sense of holding back or restraining. It could be keep, refuse, forbid, or to prohibit by word.
^CCCXXXVI “every” = kol. Same as “whole” in v2. See note X above.
^CCCXXXVII “evil” = ra’. From ra’a’ (to be evil, bad, afflict; properly, to spoil – to destroy by breaking into pieces; figuratively, to cause something to be worthless; this is bad in a physical, social, or moral sense; that which displeases, to do harm or mischief, to punish or vex). This is bad, disagreeable, that which causes pain, misery, something having little or no value, something that is ethically bad, wicked, injury, calamity. This refers to anything that is not what it ought to be – a natural disaster, a disfigurement, an injury, a sin.
^CCCXXXVIII “way” = orach. Same as “way” in v9. See note XXXVII above.
^CCCXXXIX “keep” = shamar. Same as “kept” in v4. See note XVII above.
^CCCXL “word” = dabar. Same as “word” in v9. See note XL above.

^CCCXLI “turn away” = sur. Same as “put…far” in v29. See note CX above.
^CCCXLII “taught” = yarah. Same as “teach” in v33. See note CXXI above.
^CCCXLIII “sweet are” = malats. 1x in OT. This is to be smooth, sweet, or pleasant.
^CCCXLIV “words” = imrah. Same as “word” in v11. See note XLIV above.
^CCCXLV “taste” = chek. 18x in OT. Perhaps from chanak (to narrow; to dedicate, initiate, train, or discipline). This is gums, mouth, roof of the mouth, palate, speech, gums, taste.
^CCCXLVI “honey” = debash. Root may mean being gummy. This is honey or honeycomb because it is so sticky. It can also refer to syrup.

^CCCXLVII “get understanding” = bin. Same as “make…understanding” in v27. See note CI above.
^CCCXLVIII “therefore” = ken. Related to “be steadfast” in v5. Perhaps from kun (see note XX above). This is to set upright. Generally used figuratively to mean thus, so, afterwards, rightly so.
^CCCXLIX “hate” = sane. This is to hate, an enemy. It is a personal hatred and not an abstract one.
^CCCL “way” = orach. Same as “way” in v9. See note XXXVII above.
^CCCLI “word” = dabar. Same as “word” in v9. See note XL above.
^CCCLII “lamp” = ner. This is to glisten. It is used for a lamp, candle, or light in a literal or figurative sense.
^CCCLIII “light” = or. From or (to be or become light). This is light, sun, sunshine, dawn, or daylight. Figuratively, it can refer to light from instruction, light of a face (that is to say one that is cheerful or finds favor). It can refer to prosperity or salvation; a light that guides, a light eternal from Zion.    

^CCCLIV “sworn an oath” = shaba. From sheba (seven – the number of perfection/sacred fullness). This is to swear, curse, vow, make a covenant. Properly, it can mean to be complete. This is to seven oneself – as in affirming something so strongly it is as though it were said seven times.
^CCCLV “observe” = shamar. Same as “kept” in v4. See note XVII above.
^CCCLVI “severely” = ad + meod. Same as “utterly” in v8. See note XXXIV above.
^CCCLVII “afflicted” = anah. Same as “was humbled” in v67. See note CCXXXIII above.
^CCCLVIII “word” = dabar. Same as “word” in v9. See note XL above.

^CCCLIX “accept” = ratsah. This is to be pleased with, delight, take pleasure in, or accept with favor. It can mean to approve or consent regarding something. It can also be used specifically of satisfying debts or being pardoned.
^CCCLX {untranslated} = na. Same as {untranslated} in v76. See note CCLXVII above.
^CCCLXI “offerings” = nedabah. From nadab (to offer willingly, volunteer, freely give, be willing). This is a freewill offering, something giving spontaneously.
^CCCLXII “praise” = peh. Same as “mouth” in v13. See note LI above.
^CCCLXIII “teach” = lamad. Same as “learn” in v7. See note XXX above.

^CCCLXIV “life” = nephesh. Same as “soul” in v20. See note LXXIII above.
^CCCLXV “hand” = kaph. Same as “revere” in v48. See note CLXXIV above.
^CCCLXVI “laid” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.
^CCCLXVII “snare” = pach. From pachach (to trap, lay a net). This is a snare or bird trap. It can also refer to a sheet of metal hammered into a thin plate.
^CCCLXVIII “stray” = taah. This is to wander, deceive, seduce, vacillate. It is to stray in a literal or figurative sense.

^CCCLXIX “decrees” = eduth. Same as “decrees” in v14. See note LIV above.
^CCCLXX “are…heritage” = nachal. From nachalah (properly something that was inherited; can mean occupancy generally or, more particularly, an heirloom or an estate; can be an inheritance, gift, possession, or portion). This is to gain as a possession, divide for inheritance. Also, to occupy for any reason.
^CCCLXXI “joy” = sason. Related to “delight” in v14. From sus (see note LII above). This is rejoicing, cheerfulness, and welcome.
^CCCLXXII “heart” = leb. Same as “heart” in v2. See note XI above.
^CCCLXXIII “incline” = natah. Same as “turn” in v36. See note CXXXIII above.
^CCCLXXIV “heart” = leb. Same as “heart” in v2. See note XI above.
^CCCLXXV “perform” = asah. Same as “dealt” in v65. See note CCXXV above.
^CCCLXXVI “statutes” = choq. Same as “statutes” in v5. See note XXII above.

^CCCLXXVII “double-minded” = seeph. 1x in OT. From the same as saiph (opinion, sentiment); {see seippah (division; conflicted opinion); from the same as saiph (fissure, branch, cleft); from saaph (to divide, cut off branches from a tree, top off); from seappah (branch, twig)}. This is divided, halfhearted, a skeptic
^CCCLXXVIII “hiding place” = sether. Related to “hide” In v19. From sathar (see note LXXII above). This is covering, shelter, protection, hiding place. It can be hidden by a mountain, by clouds, in the womb, in a matter of secrecy, through slander, or of nations.
^CCCLXXIX “shield” = magen. From ganan (to surround, cover, defend, protect). This is a shield, defense, or figuratively a protector. It can also be used for a crocodile’s hide.
^CCCLXXX “word” = dabar. Same as “word” in v9. See note XL above.

^CCCLXXXI “go away” = sur. Same as “put…far” in v29. See note CX above.
^CCCLXXXII “evildoers” = ra’a’. Related to “evil” in v101. See note CCCXXXVII above.
^CCCLXXXIII “keep” = natsar. Same as “keep” in v2. See note VII above.
^CCCLXXXIV “God” = Elohim.
^CCCLXXXV “uphold” = samak. This is to lean, rest, support, brace, uphold, sustain, or establish. It is to lean on in a positive or negative sense.
^CCCLXXXVI “promise” = imrah. Same as “word” in v11. See note XLIV above.
^CCCLXXXVII “hope” = seber. 2x in OT. From sabar (to examine, scrutinize, wait, expect hopefully). This is hope or expectation.

^CCCLXXXVIII “hold…up” = saad. 12x in OT. This is to support, uphold, or sustain. It can mean refresh or comfort.
^CCCLXXXIX “be safe” = yasha. Same as “save” in v94. See note CCCXVI above.
^CCCXC “have regard” = shaah. 15x in OT. This is to gaze at, gaze around, regard – to look to, especially for help. It is to consider or be compassionate. It could also be to look at in amazement or while confounded.
^CCCXCI “statutes” = choq. Same as “statutes” in v5. See note XXII above.
^CCCXCII “spurn” = salah. 4x in OT. This is to make light of, spurn, hang up, reject.
^CCCXCIII “go astray” = shagah. Same as “stray” in v10. See note XLII above.
^CCCXCIV “statutes” = choq. Same as “statutes” in v5. See note XXII above.
^CCCXCV “cunning” = tormah. 6x in OT. From ramah (to betray, deceive, beguile). This is deceit, treachery, cunning, or fraud.
^CCCXCVI “in vain” = sheqer. Same as “false” in v29. See note CVIII above.

^CCCXCVII “count” = shabath. This is to rest, stop, repose, cease working. It implies to celebrate (as celebrating the Sabbath).
^CCCXCVIII “dross” = sig. 8x in OT. From sug (to turn back, aside, or away; properly, to flinch, which implies moving away or going back; literally, can mean retreat or figuratively can mean backslide i.e. apostatize). This is dross, a moving away.
^CCCXCIX “decrees” = edah. Same as “decrees” in v2. See note VIII above.
^CD “flesh” = basar. From basar (being a messenger, publish, carry preach; properly, this is being fresh, rosy or cheerful as one bearing news). This is flesh, the body, fat, skin, self, nakedness, humankind, or kin. It can also refer to private parts.
^CDI “trembles” = samar. 2x in OT. This is to bristle, stand up, tremble.
^CDII “fear” = pachad. From pachad (to dread, be afraid, thrill, be in awe; feeling startled from a sudden sound or alarm). This is dread, fear, awe, panic. It can also refer to what someone fears or dreads.
^CDIII “judgments” = mishpat. Same as “ordinances” in v7. See note XXXII above.

^CDIV “done” = asah. Same as “dealt” in v65. See note CCXXV above.
^CDV “what is just” = mishpat. Same as “ordinances” in v7. See note XXXII above.
^CDVI “not” = bal. From balah (to grow old, wear out, consume, waste, enjoy, fail, decay). This is not, lest, neither. Properly, it refers to a failure, so it implies nothing or not at all.
^CDVII “leave” = yanach. Perhaps from the same as nuach (to rest, calm, camp, free, place, remain, satisfy, settle, station, or wait; implies settling down in a literal or figurative sense). This is to lay down, let alone, pacify, cast down, or deposit. It can also mean to allow something or someone to stay.
^CDVIII “oppressors” = ashaq. This is to wrong, deceive, violate, or use oppression.

^CDIX “guarantee” = arab. This is to bargain, barter, give or take in pledge. It can also mean to braid or intermingle.
^CDX “well-being” = tob. Same as “good” in v39. See note CXLVII above.
^CDXI “godless” = zed. Same as “insolent” in v21. See note LXXVIII above.
^CDXII “salvation” = yeshuah. Related to “salvation” in v41 & “save” in v94. From yasha (see note CLIII above). This is salvation, deliverance, health, victory, prosperity.
^CDXIII “promise” = imrah. Same as “word” in v11. See note XLIV above.
^CDXIV “deal” = asah. Same as “dealt” in v65. See note CCXXV above.
^CDXV “teach” = lamad. Same as “learn” in v7. See note XXX above.
^CDXVI “statutes” = choq. Same as “statutes” in v5. See note XXII above.

^CDXVII “decrees” = edah. Same as “decrees” in v2. See note VIII above.
^CDXVIII “act” = asah. Same as “dealt” in v65. See note CCXXV above.
^CDXIX “broken” = parar. This is to break, defeat, frustrate, caste off, clean, cease.
^CDXX “truly” = ken. Same as “therefore” in v104. See note CCCXLVIII above.
^CDXXI “fine gold” = paz. 9x in OT. From pazaz (being refined; gold as refined). This is refined or pure gold.
^CDXXII “direct…steps” = yashar. Related to “upright” in v7. See note XXVIII above.
^CDXXIII “way” = orach. Same as “way” in v9. See note XXXVII above.
^CDXXIV “decrees” = eduth. Same as “decrees” in v14. See note LIV above.
^CDXXV “wonderful” = pele. Related to “wondrous things” in v18. 13x in OT. See note LXIX above.
^CDXXVI “keeps” = natsar. Same as “keep” in v2. See note VII above.

^CDXXVII “unfolding” = petach. 1x in OT. From pathach (to open wide in a literal or figurative sense; to open, draw out, let something go free, break forth, to plow, engrave, or carve). This is an opening or unfolding. Figuratively, it could be a disclosure.
^CDXXVIII “words” = dabar. Same as “word” in v9. See note XL above.
^CDXXIX “gives light” = or. Related to “light” in v105. See note CCCLIII above.
^CDXXX “imparts understanding” = bin. Same as “make…understanding” in v27. See note CI above.
^CDXXXI “simple” = pthiy. 19x in OT. From pathah (to be simple, entice, deceive, persuade, allure, be silly); from pethi (simple, silly, foolish, easily deceived); from pathah (to be wide open, deceive, entice, persuade, to be simple, delude). This is open-minded, simple, silly, foolish, or seducible.

^CDXXXII “open” = paar. 4x in OT. This is to open or gape, to yawn. It is opening in a literal or figurative sense.
^CDXXXIII “pant” = sha’aph. 14x in OT. This is to pant, long for, trample, crush, to rise as the sun, to hurry. It can refer to gasping as a woman in labor does or gasping from desire. It can also imply anger.
^CDXXXIV “long” = yaab. 1x in OT. This is to long or desire.
^CDXXXV “turn” = panah. Related to “favor” in v58. See note CCIV above.
^CDXXXVI “custom” = mishpat. Same as “ordinances” in v7. See note XXXII above.

^CDXXXVII “steps” = paam. From paam (to move, trouble; to tap in a regular rhythm; to agitate). This is a beat, stroke, footstep, or occurrence.
^CDXXXVIII “keep…steady” = kun. Same as “be steadfast” in v5. See note XX above.
^CDXXXIX “promise” = imrah. Same as “word” in v11. See note XLIV above.
^CDXL {untranslated} = kol. Same as “whole” in v2. See note X above.
^CDXLI “iniquity” = aven. Root may mean panting as one does when expending a lot of energy, especially when it comes to nothing. This is nothingness, trouble, sorrow, distress, wickedness, evil, harm, sorrow, misfortune, and mischief. It is also used specifically to refer to idols.
^CDXLII “have dominion” = shalat. 8x in OT. This is to rule, dominate, govern. It can also mean to bear or permit.

^CDXLIII “redeem” = padah. This is to sever, which is to say to ransom. To secure someone’s release (by paying their debt to free them from slavery) and thus redeem, rescue, deliver, preserve. Can also be the redemption price.
^CDXLIV “human” = adam. Perhaps from adam (to be red, make ruddy); related to adamah (ground, dirt, earth). This is man, humankind, also Adam’s name. It refers to a human individual or humanity.
^CDXLV “oppression” = osheq. Related to “oppressors” in v121. 15x in OT. From ashaq (see note CDVIII above). This is oppression or extortion – it is acquiring something fraudulently, unjust gain.
^CDXLVI “keep” = shamar. Same as “kept” in v4. See note XVII above.

^CDXLVII “face” = paneh. Same as “favor” in v58. See note CCIV above.
^CDXLVIII “shine” = or. Same as “gives light” in v130. See note CDXXIX above.
^CDXLIX “teach” = lamad. Same as “learn” in v7. See note XXX above.
^CDL “statutes” = choq. Same as “statutes” in v5. See note XXII above.
^CDLI “shed” = yarad. This is to go down, descend; going down in a literal or figurative sense. It can be going to the shore or a boundary, bringing down an enemy.
^CDLII “streams” = peleg. 10x in OT. This is a channel, canal, or streamlet. It can be a small stream of water used to irrigate plants.
^CDLIII “tears” = mayim. This is water, waters, or waterway in a general sense. Figuratively, it can also mean juice, urine, or semen.
^CDLIV “is…kept” = shamar. Same as “kept” in v4. See note XVII above.

^CDLV “righteous” = tsaddiq. Related to “righteous” in v7 & “righteousness” in v40. From the same as tsedeq (see note XXXI above). This is just, innocent, righteous, righteous one, or lawful.
^CDLVI “judgments” = mishpat. Same as “ordinances” in v7. See note XXXII above.
^CDLVII “right” = yashar. Related to “upright” in v7 & “direct…steps” in v128. From yashar (see note XXVIII above). This is straight, right, level. Also, it is pleasing, whether pleasing God or pleasing other people. So, it is upright or righteous.
^CDLVIII “appointed” = tsavah. Same as “commanded” in v4. See note XV above.
^CDLIX “decrees” = edah. Same as “decrees” in v2. See note VIII above.
^CDLX “all” = meod. Same as “diligently” in v4. See note XVIII above.

^CDLXI “zeal” = qinah. Perhaps from qana (to be jealous, zealous, envious). This is zeal, jealousy, envy, anger,  passion rivalry.
^CDLXII “consumes” = tsamath. 15x in OT. This is to destroy, cut off, silence, or vanish. It is to put an end to in a literal or figurative sense.
^CDLXIII “foes” = tsar. From tsarar (to bind, restrict, narrow, be cramped, an adversary). Properly, this is a narrow or constricted place. Figuratively, it can be trouble, a pebble, an enemy, anguish, or distress.
^CDLXIV “words” = dabar. Same as “word” in v9. See note XL above.
^CDLXV “promise” = imrah. Same as “word” in v11. See note XLIV above.
^CDLXVI “well” = meod. Same as “diligently” in v4. See note XVIII above.
^CDLXVII “tried” = tsaraph. This is to refine, smalt, or fuse metal. It can also refer to the smelter (goldsmith or silversmith). Figuratively, this is refine in a literal or figurative sense – to test or try, make pure.

^CDLXVIII “small” = tsair. From tsaar (to be brought low, small, little one; figuratively, be insignificant or ignoble). This is little, young, least, younger, few in number, low in value.
^CDLXIX “am…despised” = bazah. This is to despise, hold in contempt, disesteem, or a person who is vile.
^CDLXX “righteousness” = tsedaqah. Same as “righteousness” in v40. See note CL above.
^CDLXXI “everlasting” = olam. Same as “forever” in v44. See note CLXV above.
^CDLXXII “righteousness” = tsedeq. Same as “righteous” in v7. See note XXXI above.

^CDLXXIII “trouble” = tsar. Same as “foes” in v139. See note CDLXIII above.
^CDLXXIV “anguish” = matsoq. 6x in OT. From tsuq (to press on, compress; figuratively, to oppress or bring distress). This is literally a narrow place. Figuratively, it is anguish, distress, or confinement.
^CDLXXV “come upon” = matsa. This is to find, catch or acquire. It can also mean to come forth or appear. Figuratively, this can mean to meet or be together with.
^CDLXXVI “delight” = shaashuim. Same as “delight” in v24. See note XC above.
^CDLXXVII “decrees” = eduth. Same as “decrees” in v14. See note LIV above.
^CDLXXVIII “righteous” = tsedeq. Same as “righteous” in v7. See note XXXI above.
^CDLXXIX “heart” = leb. Same as “heart” in v2. See note XI above.
^CDLXXX “cry” = qara. This is to call or call out – to call someone by name. Also used more broadly for calling forth.
^CDLXXXI “keep” = natsar. Same as “keep” in v2. See note VII above.
^CDLXXXII “statutes” = choq. Same as “statutes” in v5. See note XXII above.

^CDLXXXIII “observe” = shamar. Same as “kept” in v4. See note XVII above.
^CDLXXXIV “decrees” = edah. Same as “decrees” in v2. See note VIII above.
^CDLXXXV “rise before dawn” = qadam + nesheph. Qadam is perhaps from qedem (front, formerly, before, east, eternal, everlasting, antiquity). This is to come in front or be in front and so meet, anticipate, confront, receive, or rise. It sometimes means to meet for help. Nesheph is 12x in OT. From nashaph (to blow, to blow like a breeze). The twilight, dawn, evening, a breeze.
^CDLXXXVI “cry for help” = shava. This is crying or shouting aloud, generally seeking freedom from some kind of trouble.
^CDLXXXVII “words” = dabar. Same as “word” in v9. See note XL above.

^CDLXXXVIII “are awake” = qadam. Same as “rise before dawn” in v147. See note CDLXXXV above.
^CDLXXXIX “watch of the night” = ashmoreth. Related to “kept” in v4. 7x in OT. From shamar (see note XVII above). This is a watch.
^CDXC “promise” = imrah. Same as “word” in v11. See note XLIV above.
^CDXCI “hear” = shama. This is to hear, call, consent, or consider. It implies listening intelligently, giving attention, and, because of these two factors, obedience and action are often implied.
^CDXCII “voice” = qol. This is a sound, used often for human voices. Also used when God speaks or angels, animals or instruments. It can be a cry or a noise, thunder or earthquakes and so on.
^CDXCIII “justice” = mishpat. Same as “ordinances” in v7. See note XXXII above.
^CDXCIV “preserve…life” = chayah. Same as “live” in v17. See note LXIV above.

^CDXCV “evil purpose” = zimmah. From zamam (to devise, plot, imagine, intend, scheme, think evil; usually in an evil sense). This is a plan – usually a negative one. So, it could be a scheme, wickedness, mischief, immorality, a crime, or evil intent.
^CDXCVI “draw near” = qarab. This is to come near, offer, make ready, approach, take.
^CDXCVII “are far” = rachaq. This is to widen, become distant, cast, or remove. It can be in a literal or figurative sense.
^CDXCVIII “near” = qarob. Related to “draw near” in v150. From qarab (see note CDXCVI above). This is near whether nearby, related, near in time, or allied.
^CDXCIX “true” = emet. Same as “truth” in v43. See note CLXI above.

^D “long ago” = qedem. Related to “rise before dawn” in v147. See note CDLXXXV above.
^DI “learned” = yada. Same as “know” in v75. See note CCLXIV above.
^DII “decrees” = edah. Same as “decrees” in v2. See note VIII above.
^DIII “established” = yasad. This is to establish, appoint, instruct. It is to set in a literal or figurative sense. Also means to sit down together and so to consult or take counsel.
^DIV “rescue” = chalats. This is to turn back or away in a literal or figurative sense. So, it could be return, break, build, retreat. It doesn’t necessarily imply going back to the place you started.

^DV “plead” = rib. This is properly to toss or grapple. It is used figuratively to mean wrangling and so for arguments, complaints, or disputes. It is used in a legal setting for pleading or defending a case.
^DVI “cause” = rib. Related to “plead” in v154. From rib (see note DV above). This is strife or dispute – whether a personal one or one in a court of law.
^DVII “redeem” = gaal. This is to redeem someone or something according to kinship laws. So, it could be acting on a relative’s behalf to buy back their property, to marry one’s brother’s widow, etc. This could be more briefly translated as to redeem, acts as kinsman, or purchase. As a noun, it could be deliverer or avenger.
^DVIII “promise” = imrah. Same as “word” in v11. See note XLIV above.
^DIX “salvation” = yeshuah. Same as “salvation” in v123. See note CDXII above.
^DX “far” = rachoq. Related to “are far” in v150. From rachaq (see note CDXCVII above). This is distant or far, whether of space or of time.
^DXI “statutes” = choq. Same as “statutes” in v5. See note XXII above.

^DXII “great” = rab. From rabab (increasing in any aspect whether quantity, authority, size, quality, greatness, etc.). This is abundance, many, elder, exceedingly, great. It refers to abundance of amount, rank, or status.
^DXIII “many” = rab. Same as “great” in v156. See note DXII above.
^DXIV “persecutors” = radaph. Same as “persecute” in v84. See note CCXCI above.
^DXV “adversaries” = tsar. Same as “foes” in v139. See note CDLXIII above.
^DXVI “swerve” = natah. Same as “turn” in v36. See note CXXXIII above.
^DXVII “decrees” = eduth. Same as “decrees” in v14. See note LIV above.

^DXVIII “faithless” = bagad. This is to cover or conceal. Figuratively, it is to act in a covert or treacherous way, to transgress or pillage.
^DXIX “disgust” = qut. 6x in OT. This is to cut off, be grieved. Figuratively, it is to detest.
^DXX “keep” = shamar. Same as “kept” in v4. See note XVII above.
^DXXI “commands” = imrah. Same as “word” in v11. See note XLIV above.
^DXXII “consider” = raah. Same as “looking” in v37. See note CXXXVIII above.
^DXXIII {untranslated} = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v1. See note VI above.

^DXXIV “sum” = rosh. This may come a word that means to shake. It is the head, captain, or chief. It can also be excellent or the forefront. It can be first in position or in statue or in time (i.e. the beginning).
^DXXV “word” = dabar. Same as “word” in v9. See note XL above.
^DXXVI “righteous” = tsedeq. Same as “righteous” in v7. See note XXXI above.
^DXXVII “without cause” = chinnam. Related to “graciously teach” in v29. From chanan (see note CXI above). This is out of favor, so it can mean without cost, without payment, nothing, vain, or useless.
^DXXVIII “heart” = leb. Same as “heart” in v2. See note XI above.
^DXXIX “stands in awe” = pachad. Related to “fear” in v120. See note CDII above.
^DXXX “words” = dabar. Same as “word” in v9. See note XL above.

^DXXXI “rejoice” = sus. Same as “delight” in v14. See note LII above.
^DXXXII “word” = imrah. Same as “word” in v11. See note XLIV above.
^DXXXIII “finds” = matsa. Same as “come upon” in v143. See note CDLXXV above.
^DXXXIV “spoil” = shalal. From shalal (to plunder, loot, capture). This is spoil, prey, or plunder.
^DXXXV “abhor” = taab. From toebah (abomination, loathsome, something morally disgusting or abhorrent). This is to abhor, despise, to reject, to act abominably.
^DXXXVI “falsehood” = sheqer. Same as “false” in v29. See note CVIII above.

^DXXXVII “seven times” = sheba. Related to “sworn an oath” in v106. See note CCCLIV above.
^DXXXVIII “praise” = halal. This is to be clear – it originally referred to a sound, then a color. It was to shine and then make a show or boast then to rave. In a causative sense it came to mean celebrate, give glory, sing praise, or be worth of praise. Because of the celebratory nature of the word, it could also mean to give in marriage. This is where Hallelujah comes from.
^DXXXIX “righteous” = tsedeq. Same as “righteous” in v7. See note XXXI above.
^DXL “peace” = shalom. From shalam (to be complete or sound; to have safety mentally, physically, or extending to one’s estate; so, if these things are safe and complete, the implication is that one would be friendly; and, if being friendly, one would make amends and that friendship would be reciprocated). This is completeness, soundness, welfare, favor, friend, good health. It is to be safe and figuratively well, happy, at peace, friendly. Abstractly, it includes the ideas of welfare and prosperity (not in excessive wealth, but in having enough).
^DXLI “make…stumble” = mikshol. 14x in OT. From kashal (to stumble, fail, be weak or decayed, be overthrown, to totter; weak legs or ankles so to falter, faint, or fall). This is a stumbling or something that causes one to stumble like an obstacle literal or figurative.  It can also refer to an offense, an idol, or to ruin.

^DXLII “hope” = sabar. Related to “hope” in v116. 8x in OT. See note CCCLXXXVII above.
^DXLIII “salvation” = yeshuah. Same as “salvation” in v123. See note CDXII above.
^DXLIV “fulfill” = asah. Same as “dealt” in v65. See note CCXXV above.
^DXLV “keeps” = shamar. Same as “kept” in v4. See note XVII above.
^DXLVI “decrees” = edah. Same as “decrees” in v2. See note VIII above.
^DXLVII “keep” = shamar. Same as “kept” in v4. See note XVII above.
^DXLVIII “decrees” = edah. Same as “decrees” in v2. See note VIII above.
^DXLIX “ways” = derek. Same as “way” in v1. See note II above.

^DL “cry” = rinnah. From ranan (a cry of joy or a joyful song; properly, emitting a shrill sound, especially one of joy). This is a song, shout, cry of joy, or proclamation. It could also be a shout of grief.
^DLI “come” = qarab. Same as “draw near” in v150. See note CDXCVI above.
^DLII “before” = paneh. Same as “favor” in v58. See note CCIV above.
^DLIII “word” = dabar. Same as “word” in v9. See note XL above.

^DLIV “supplication” = techinnah. Related to “graciously teach” in v29 & “without cause” in v161. From chanan (see note CXI above). This is grace, favor, entreaty, mercy.
^DLV “come” = bo. Same as “come” in v41. See note CLII above.
^DLVI “before” = paneh. Same as “favor” in v58. See note CCIV above.
^DLVII “deliver” = natsal. Same as “take” in v43. See note CLIX above.
^DLVIII “promise” = imrah. Same as “word” in v11. See note XLIV above.

^DLIX “pour forth” = naba. 11x in OT. This is to spring up, flow, gush, or spout. It can also mean to belch as in emitting a bad smell. Figuratively, it can mean to speak, whether positively or negatively.
^DLX “praise” = tehillah. Related to “praise” in v164. From halal (see note DXXXVIII above). This is praise or a song of praise. It is to offer God a hymn, to boast in God. This shares a root with “hallelujah.”
^DLXI “teach” = lamad. Same as “learn” in v7. See note XXX above.
^DLXII “statutes” = choq. Same as “statutes” in v5. See note XXII above.

^DLXIII “tongue” = lashon. This is tongue, talker, language, or wedge. It can also be a tongue of flame or a water cove.
^DLXIV “sing” = anah. Same as “answered” in v26. See note XCIX above.
^DLXV “promise” = imrah. Same as “word” in v11. See note XLIV above.
^DLXVI “right” = tsedeq. Same as “righteous” in v7. See note XXXI above.
^DLXVII “hand” = yad. Same as “hands” in v73. See note CCLVI above.
^DLXVIII “long” = taab. Same as “longed” in v40. See note CXLIX above.
^DLXIX “salvation” = yeshuah. Same as “salvation” in v123. See note CDXII above.
^DLXX “delight” = shaashuim. Same as “delight” in v24. See note XC above.

^DLXXI “me” = nephesh. Same as “soul” in v20. See note LXXIII above.
^DLXXII “praise” = halal. Same as “praise” in v164. See note DXXXVIII above.
^DLXXIII “gone astray” = taah. Same as “stray” in v110. See note CCCLXVIII above.
^DLXXIV “lost” = abad. Same as “perished” in v92. See note CCCXIII above.
^DLXXV “sheep” = seh. Perhaps from sha’ah (to make a loud noise or crash, devastate, rush). This is a lamb, sheep, or goat – a part of a flock.
^DLXXVI “seek” = baqash. This is to seek, ask, desire, or request. It can be any kind of searching. It can also mean to worship or pray – implies a striving for.