Romans 7

^I “not know” = agnoeo. From a (not) + noieo (to perceive, think, understand); {from nous (mind, understanding, reasoning faculty, intellect, capacity to reflect); from noos (mind); probably from the base as ginosko (to know, recognize, realize, perceive, learn; gaining knowledge through personal experience)}. This is unaware not to know. Sometimes it is willful ignorance, but other times it is simply not knowing.
^II “brothers” = adelphos. From a (with, community, fellowship) + delphus (womb). This is a brother in a literal or figurative sense. It is also used of another member of the Church.
^III “speaking” = laleo. From lalos (talkative). This is to talk, say, or preach.

^IV “know” = ginosko. Related to “not know” in v1. See note I above.
^V “law” = nomos. From nemo (to parcel out). Literally, this is that which is assigned. It can be usage, custom, or law. This word can be used for human or divine law. It can be used specifically for the law of Moses or as a name for the Torah (the first five books of the Bible). Sometimes it is used for scripture as a whole, used of the Gospel, or of any theology. It is also used for the “tradition of the elders,” which would be the oral Torah – the tradition of the laws plus their interpretations as they were passed down over time. We must carefully consider which meaning of “law” is meant when we interpret passages the word is found in.
^VI “is binding on” = kurieuo. 7x in NT. From kurios (a respectful address meaning master or sir. It refers to one who has control or power greater than one’s own. So, it was also applied to God and Jesus as Master or Lord); from kuros (authority, supremacy). This is to be lord of, rule, lord over.

^VII “person” = anthropos. Probably from aner (man, male, husband) + ops (eye, face); {from optanomai (to appear, be seen); perhaps from horao (become, seem, appear)}. This is human, humankind. Used for all genders.
^VIII “only” = hosos. From hos (who, which, that). This is how much, as many as, as great as.
^IX “lifetime” = chronos + zao. Chronos is time in the chronological sense, quantitative time or a duration of time. Zao is to live literally or figuratively. It is used for life including the vitality of humans, plants, and animals – it is life physical and spiritual and life everlasting.

^X “married” = hupandros. Related to “person” in v1. 1x in NT. From hupo (by, under, about, subordinate to) + aner (see note VII above). This is under the authority of a man or husband.
^XI “woman” = gune. Perhaps from ginomai (to come into being, to happen, become, be born; to emerge from one state or condition to another; this is coming into being with the sense of movement or growth). This is woman, wife, or bride. This is where the word “gynecologist” comes from.
^XII “bound” = deo. To tie, bind, compel, put in chains. This is to bind in a literal or figurative sense. Can also mean declaring something unlawful.
^XIII “husband” = aner. Related to “person” in v1 & “married” in v2. See note VII above.
^XIV “lives” = zao. Same as “lifetime” in v1. See note IX above.

^XV “dies” = apothnesko. From apo (from, away from) + thnesko (to die, be dead). This is to die off. It is death with an emphasis on the way that death separates. It can also mean to wither or decay.
^XVI “discharged” = katargeo. From kata (down, against, according to, among) + argeo (to delay, linger, be at rest, be idle, do nothing); {from argos (inactive, idle, lazy, thoughtless, useless, unemployed, unprofitable) {from a (not) + ergon (word, task, action, employment)}}. This is making something inactive or bringing it to nothing. So, it could mean making something inoperative or powerless, annulling, or severing. It can also mean to make something ineffective or invalid.
^XVII “accordingly” = ara. Perhaps similar to aro (to join) OR from airo (raise, take up, lift, remove). This is therefore, perhaps, so, truly.
^XVIII “called” = chrematizo. 9x in NT– including Matthew 2:12 when the wise men were warned in a dream not to return to Herod. 9x in NT. From chrema (something one uses or needs; money, possessions, wealth); from chraomai (to use, make use of, give what is needed, act in a specific way, request). This is to conduct business, instruct, warn, reveal, to utter an oracle, be warned by God.

^XIX “adulteress” = moichalis. 7x in NT. From moichos (adulterer; a man who has been with a married woman; used figuratively of an apostate). This is adulteress or adultery. It can also refer to idolaters.
^XX “belongs to” = ginomai. Related to “woman” in v2. See note XI above.
^XXI “another” = heteros. This is other, another, different, strange. It is another of a different kind in contrast to the Greek word allos, which is another of the same kind. This could be a different quality, type, or group.
^XXII “man” = aner. Same as “husband” in v2. See note XIII above.

^XXIII “is alive” = zao. Same as “lifetime” in v1. See note IX above.
^XXIV “is” = eimi. This is to be, exist.
^XXV “free” = eleutheros. Probably from erchomai (to come or go). This is a free person, at liberty, not a slave. Properly, it is unshackled – figuratively, it is one who has the freedom to choose their destiny. Also, it is one who does not have obligation or liability.

^XXVI “died” = thanatoo. Related to “dies” in v2. 11x in NT. From thanatos (death, whether literal or spiritual; also something fatal); from thnesko (see note XV above). This is to kill in a literal or figurative sense – subdue, mortify, be apart from.
^XXVII “body” = soma. Perhaps from sozo (to save, heal, rescue); from sos (safe, well, rescued). This is body or flesh. It can be body in a literal or figurative sense (as the body of Christ). This is where the word “somatic” comes from.
^XXVIII “Christ” = Christos. From chrio (consecrate by anointing with oil; often done for prophets, priests, or kings). Literally, the anointed one, Christ. The Greek word for Messiah.

^XXIX “raised” = egeiro. This is to awake, raise up or lift up. It can be to get up from sitting or lying down, to get up from sleeping, to rise from a disease or from death. Figuratively, it can be rising from inactivity or from ruins.
^XXX “dead” = nekros. Perhaps from nekus (corpse). This is dead or lifeless, mortal, corpse. It can also be used figuratively for powerless or ineffective. It is where the word “necrotic” comes from.
^XXXI “bear fruit” = karpophoreo. 8x in NT. From karpophoros (fruitful, productive); {from karpos (a fruit or vegetable; sometimes an animal; figuratively, deeds, results, profits, or gain); {perhaps from harpazo (to seize by force, snatch away); from haireo (to choose, take)} + phero (to bear, bring, lead, make known publicly; to carry in a literal or figurative sense)}. This is to produce fruit or crops. It is fertile in a literal or figurative sense.
^XXXII “God” = Theos. From Proto-Indo-European origins, meaning do, put, place. This is God or a god in general.

^XXXIII “living” = eimi. Same as “is” in v3. See note XXIV above.
^XXXIV “flesh” = sarx. May be from saroo (to sweep, cleanse by sweeping); from sairo (to brush off). This is flesh, the body, human nature, materiality, kindred. Flesh is not always evil in scripture (as when it refers to Jesus taking on a human body). However, it is generally used in a negative way for actions made selfishly and not through faith. This can mean animal flesh, i.e. meat, or refer to body in contrast to soul/spirit. Flesh can be a way of talking about how things or people are related or talking about human frailty (physical or moral).
^XXXV “sinful” = hamartia. From hamartano (to miss the mark, do wrong, make a mistake, sin); {from a (not) + meros (a part or share)}. Literally, this means not having one’s share or portion – like not receiving inheritance or what was allotted to you. This word means missing the mark so it is used for guilt, fault, and acts of sin.
^XXXVI “passions” = pathema. 16x in NT. From pathos (passion, lust, suffering, something that happens to you, strong feelings); from pascho (to be acted on for good or ill; often used for negative treatment; properly, feeling strong emotions – especially suffering; can also be the ability to feel suffering). This is something that happens to you such as suffering, affliction, passion, or emotion. It can also be one’s capacity for deep feelings or enduring. Further, it can be hardship or pain.

^XXXVII “were at work” = energeo. Related to “discharged” in v2. From energes (active, effective, operative, energized, powerful); {from en (in, at, by, with, among) + ergon (see note XVI above)}. This is to be at work, accomplish, be mighty or effectual. This is where “energy” comes from.
^XXXVIII “members” = melos. This is a limb or an organ of the body. So, it is a member of a greater whole. It is used figuratively for the body of Christ.
^XXXIX “death” = thanatos. Related to “dies” in v2 & “died” in v4. See note XXVI above.
^XL “dead” = apothnesko. Same as “dies” in v2. See note XV above.
^XLI “held…captive” = katecho. 18x in NT. From kata (down, against, according to, throughout) + echo (to have, hold, possess). This is to hold fast, bind, possess, restrain, arrest, suppress. It is to hold down in a literal or figurative sense. It can also be to hold something in one’s memory.

^XLII “are enslaved” = douleuo. Related to “bound” in v2. From doulos (a servant or for a slave, enslaved; someone who belongs to someone else, but could be voluntary to pay off debt or involuntary – captured in war and enslaved; a metaphor for serving Christ); perhaps from deo (see note XII above). This is to be a slave, serve, do service, obey, be devoted.
^XLIII “newness” = kainotes. 2x in NT. From kainos (not new as in new versus old; new in the sense of novel, innovative, or fresh). This is newness, novelty, or renewal.
^XLIV “Spirit” = pneuma. From pneo (to blow, breathe, breathe hard). This is wind, breath, or ghost. A breeze or a blast or air, a breath. Figuratively used for a spirit, the human soul or part of us that is rational. It is also used supernaturally for angels, demons, God, and the Holy Spirit. This is where pneumonia comes from.
^XLV “oldness” = palaiotes. 1x in NT. From palaios (old, ancient); from palai (former, of old); perhaps from palin (back, again, further). This is oldness, obsoleteness, or antiquatedness.
^XLVI “written code” = gramma. 15x in NT. From grapho (to write, describe). This is something drawn or written. So, it could be a letter of the alphabet, an epistle, a book, literature, etc.

^XLVII “say” = ereo. Perhaps from rheo (to say, speak of, command). This is to say, tell, speak, mean, command.
^XLVIII “by no means” = me + ginomai. Ginomai is the same as “lives with” in v3. See note XX above.
^XLIX “known” = eido. This is to know, consider perceive, appreciate, behold, or remember. It means seeing with one’s eyes, but also figuratively, it means perceiving – seeing that becomes understanding. So, by implication, this means knowing or being aware.

^L “what it is to covet” = epithumia. From epithmueo (long for, set one’s heart on, yearn, desire); {from epi (on, upon, at, what is fitting) + thumos (passion, wrath; actions emerging from passion or impulse) {from thuo (to rush along, breathe violently, offer sacrifice)}}. This is desire, a longing built on passionate emotion or urges. This can be a positive or a negative passion (lust or eagerness).
^LI “said” = eiron. This is to speak say, answer, command.
^LII “covet” = epithumeo. Related to “what it is to covet” in v7. 16x in NT. See note L above.

^LIII “seizing” = lambano. It does not refer to passive receiving of something, but active acceptance or taking of something whether it is offered or simply nearby. It focuses on individual decision and action.
^LIV “opportunity” = aphorme. 7x in NT. From apo (from, away from) + hormao (to rush, run, start, or spur on); {from horme (onrush, quick motion forward, attempt, inclination, attempt)}. This is occasion, launching point, opportunity.
^LV “commandment” = entole. From entellomai (to charge, command, give orders or instructions) {from en (in, on, at, by, with) + tellomai (to accomplish); {from telos (an end, aim, purpose, completion, end goal, consummation, tax; going through the steps to complete a stage or phase and then moving on to the next one)}}. This is an order, command, ordinance, or law. It focuses on the purpose of the command and its end result.

^LVI “produced” = katergazomai. Related to “discharged” in v2 & “were at work” in v5. From kata (down, against, throughout, among, daily) + ergazomai (to work, labor); {from ergon (see note XVI above)}. This is working something until it is completed, working fully, accomplishing, producing, achieving, performing.
^LVII “all kinds of” = pas. This is all or every.
^LVIII “covetousness” = epithumia. Same as “what it is to covet” in v7. See note L above.
^LIX “apart from” = choris. From chora (space, land, region, fields, open area); from chasma (gap, gulf, chasm, open space); from chasko (to gape, yawn). This is apart from, separate from.
^LX “dead” = nekros. Same as “dead” in v4. See note XXX above.

^LXI “came” = erchomai. Related to “free” in v3. See note XXV above.
^LXII “revived” = anazao. Related to “lifetime” in v1. 2x in NT. From ana (up, again, back, anew) + zao (see note IX above). This is to live again, revive, resurrect. It can be literal or figurative.
^LXIII “died” = apothnesko. Same as “dies” in v2. See note XV above.
^LXIV “life” = zoe. Related to “lifetime” in v1 & “revived” in v9. From zao (see note IX above). This is life including the vitality of humans, plants, and animals – it is life physical and spiritual and life everlasting.
^LXV “proved to be” = heurisko. This is to find, learn, or obtain. It is to discover something, which generally implies a period of searching for it. This is to find in a literal or figurative sense. This is where the word “heuristic” comes from.
^LXVI “death” = thanatos. Same as “death” in v5. See note XXXIX above.

^LXVII “deceived” = exapatao. 6x in NT. From ek (from, from out of) + apatao (to deceive, seduce, cheat, delude; focuses on the method used to lure astray); {from apate (deception, cheating, treachery, fraud)}. This is to deceive of beguile. It focuses on the final effects of the deception.
^LXVIII “killed” = apokteino. From apo (from, away from) + kteino (to kill). To put to death, kill, slay. Figuratively, this word can mean abolish, destroy, or extinguish.
^LXIX {untranslated} = men. This is truly, indeed, even, in fact. Often, it is not translated, but used to emphasize affirmation.
^LXX “holy” = hagios. From hagnos (holy, sacred, pure ethically, ritually, or ceremonially; prepared for worship, chaste, unadulterated, pure to the core; undefiled by sin; figurative for innocent, modest, perfect). God is totally different from humanity and thus set apart. That which is consecrated to worship God (elements of worship) or to serve God (as the saints) are holy because they are now set apart for God’s purposes. Holy because important to God. This is sacred physically, pure. It can be morally blameless or ceremonially consecrated.

^LXXI “just” = dikaios. From dike (the principle of justice; that which is right in a way that is very clear; a decision or the execution of that decision; originally, this word was for custom or usage; evolved to include the process of law, judicial hearing, execution of sentence, penalty, and even vengeance; more commonly, it refers to what is right); may be from deiknumi (to show, point out, exhibit; figurative for teach, demonstrate, make known). This is correct, righteous, just, or a righteous person. It implies innocent or conforming to God’s standard of justice.
^LXXII “good” = agathos. This is good, a benefit, or a good thing. It is good by its very nature, intrinsically good. A different word, kalos, refers to external signs of goodness.
^LXXIII “bring” = ginomai. Same as “lives with” in v3. See note XX above.
^LXXIV “death” = thanatos. Same as “death” in v5. See note XXXIX above.

^LXXV “working” = katergazomai. Same as “produced” in v8. See note LVI above.
^LXXVI “death” = thanataos. Same as “death” in v5. See note XXXIX above.
^LXXVII “shown” = phaino. This is to bring light, cause to appear, shine, become visible or clear. This is show in a literal or figurative sense.
^LXXVIII “sin” = hamartolos. Related to “sinful” in v5. From hamartano (see note XXXV above). This is sinning, sinful, sinner. It referred to missing the mark or falling short. The term was also used in archery for missing the target.

^LXXIX “sin” = hamartia. Same as “sinful” in v5. See note XXXV above.
^LXXX “become” = ginomai. Same as “lives with” in v3. See note XX above.
^LXXXI “measure” = huperbole. 8x in NT. From huperballo (to surpass, exceed, or excel; properly, to throw beyond or run beyond; transcending, eminent, or surpassing); {from huper (over, above, beyond) + ballo (to throw, cast, place, put, rush, drop)}. This is excess, surpassing, exceedingly. Properly, it means to throw past so it can also mean abundance or preeminence. It is where the word “hyperbole” comes from.

^LXXXII “know” = eido. Same as “known” in v7. See note XLIX above.
^LXXXIII “spiritual” = pneumatikos. Related to “Spirit” in v6. From pneuma (see note XLIV above). This is spiritual, spiritual people, or spiritual things – that which is ethereal or divine or religious.
^LXXXIV “of the flesh” = sarkinos. Related to “flesh” in v5. 4x in NT. From sarx (see note XXXIV above). This is flesh, the body, human nature, materiality, kindred. Flesh is not always evil in scripture (as when it refers to Jesus taking on a human body). This is fleshly, physical, soft. It can also be carnal.
^LXXXV “sold” = piprasko. 9x in NT. From pernemi (to sell by export). This is to sell with travel involved. It can also mean to sell into slavery or to be devoted to.
^LXXXVI “sin” = hamartia. Same as “sinful” in v5. See note XXXV above.

^LXXXVII “understand” = ginosko. Same as “know” in v1. See note IV above.
^LXXXVIII “actions” = katergazomai. Same as “produced” in v8. See note LVI above.
^LXXXIX “do” = prasso. This is to do or practice – something done on an on-going basis or by habit. It can also mean to accomplish, attend, or commit.
^XC “want” = thelo. This is to wish, desire, will, or intend. It is to choose or prefer in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean inclined toward or take delight in. It can have a sense of being ready to act on the impulse in question.

^XCI “do” = poieo. This is to make, do, act, construct, abide, or cause.
^XCII “hate” = miseo. From misos (hatred). This word is used in two ways in the New Testament. One has to do with how we prioritize. In order to prioritize something the highest, it means we have to rank other things lower. We cannot have 10 number one priorities. So, the nine that are not number 1, we love less or we value them lower. We make a moral choice the springs from our values about where we put our time, efforts, energy, etc. The other way is detesting or hatred as we normally think of it. This sense has a particular affinity with persecuting the one we hate.
^XCIII “do” = poieo. Same as “do” in v15. See note XCI above.
^XCIV “agree” = sumphemi. Related to “shown” in v13. 1x in NT. From sun (with, together with) + phemi (to say, declare, speak comparatively through contrasts, bring to light); {from phao (to shine) or phaino (see note LXXVII above)}. This is to consent, confess, say with someone else.
^XCV “good” = kalos. This is good, noble, beautiful, correct, or worthy. This is external signs of goodness like beauty, demonstrations of honorable character, showing moral virtues. A different word, agathos, speaks of intrinsic good.

^XCVI “do” = katergazomai. Same as “produced” in v8. See note LVI above.
^XCVII “sin” = hamartia. Same as “sinful” in v5. See note XXXV above.
^XCVIII “dwells” = oikeo. 9x in NT. From oikos (house – the building, the household, the family, descendants; the temple). Properly, this means making a home or living at home. So, this is dwell or indwell, remain, reside, or cohabit.
^XCIX “know” = eido. Same as “known” in v7. See note XLIX above.
^C “good” = agathos. Same as “good” in v12. See note LXXII above.
^CI “desire” = thelo. Same as “want” in v15. See note XC above.
^CII “do” = katergazomai. Same as “produced” in v8. See note LVI above.

^CIII “lies close at hand” = parakeimai. 2x in NT – both in this passage. From para (beside, by, in the presence of) + keimai (to lie, recline, set, be appointed, be destined). This is to lie beside, be present, be prompt, to be at hand.
^CIV “ability” = kalos. Same as “good” in v16. See note XCV above.
^CV “do” = poieo. Same as “do” in v15. See note XCI above.
^CVI “good” = agathos. Same as “good” in v12. See note LXXII above.

^CVII “evil” = kakos. This is bad, evil, harm, ill. It is evil that is part of someone’s core character – intrinsic, rotted, worthless, depraved, causing harm. It refers to deep inner malice that comes from a rotten character. Can be contrasted with the Greek poneros, which is that which bears pain – a focus on the miseries and pains that come with evil. Also contrasting the Greek sapros, which deals with falling away from a previously embodied virtue.
^CVIII “do” = prasso. Same as “do” in v15. See note LXXXIX above.
^CIX “do” = poieo. Same as “do” in v15. See note XCI above.
^CX “do” = katergazomai. Same as “produced” in v8. See note LVI above.
^CXI “sin” = hamartia. Same as “sinful” in v5. See note XXXV above.

^CXII “so” = ara. Same as “accordingly” in v3. See note XVII above.
^CXIII “find” = heurisko. Same as “proved to be” in v10. See note LXV above.
^CXIV “do” = poieo. Same as “do” in v15. See note XCI above.
^CXV “good” = kalos. Same as “good” in v16. See note XCV above.
^CXVI “delight” = sunedomai. 1x in NT. From sun (with, together with) + the same as hedone (pleasure, passion – particularly of physical senses); {from hedomai (to enjoy oneself); from handano (to please)}. This is to rejoice together or feel joy inwardly. It is to feel satisfaction about something.
^CXVII “self” = anthropos. Same as “person” in v1. See note VII above.

^CXVIII “see” = blepo. This is literally to see – it is primarily used in the physical sense. However, figuratively it can be seeing, which includes attention and so to watchfulness, being observant, perceiving, and acting on the visual information. It can also mean beware.
^CXIX “at war with” = antistrateuomai. 1x in NT. From anti (opposite, instead of, against) + {from strateo (to wage war, fight, serve as a soldier; used figuratively for spiritual warfare); or from the base of stronnuo (to spread, to spread out like a bed)} This is to attack, destroy, conduct a campaign against.
^CXX “mind” = nous. Related to “not know” and “know” in v1. From noos (mind) OR from the same as ginosko (see note IV above). This is mind, understanding, reasoning faculty, intellect, capacity to reflect. It can refer to God’s mind or human minds – thoughts, feelings, will, or reflective thinking.

^CXXI “making…captive” = aichmalotizo. Related to “accordingly” in v3. 4x in NT. From aichmalotos (a prisoner or captive in war); {from aichme (a spear) + haliskomai (taken or conquered) or halosis (capturing); from haliskomai (see above); from haireomai (to take, choose, or prefer); probably related to airo (see note XVII above)}. This is to take captive, ensnare, subdue, lead captive, or make a prisoner.
^CXXII “sin” = hamartia. Same as “sinful” in v5. See note XXXV above.
^CXXIII “dwells” = eimi. Same as “is” in v3. See note XXIV above.

^CXXIV “wretched” = talaiporos. 2x in NT. From talao (to bear, undergo, be steadfast) + poros (a callous); {from pentheo (grieving a death; figuratively, loss of hope or end of a relationship; embodied grief that is readily apparent; grief as a feeling or the act of grieving); from penthos (mourning, sorrow, sadness, grief)} OR from peira (trial, experiment, attempt, experience, assaying); from the base of peran (over, beyond, across); akin to pera (on the far side); from a derivative or peiro (to pierce)}. This is miserable, afflicted, wretched, one undergoing a trial. It is ongoing suffering that results in deep misery, heavy side effects.
^CXXV “rescue” = rhuomai. 18x in NT– including from the Lord’s prayer “deliver us from evil”. Related to eruo (to draw or drag) OR related to rheo (to flow, overflow). This is to rescue or set free. It is to deliver from danger, to snatch up.
^CXXVI “death” = thanatos. Same as “death” in v5. See note XXXIX above.

^CXXVII “thanks” = charis. From chairo (to rejoice, be glad; used to say hello; properly, delighting in the grace of God or experiencing God’s favor); from char– (to extend favor, lean towards, be inclined to be favorable towards). This is grace, kindness, favor, gratitude, thanks. It is the sense of being inclined to or favorable towards – leaning towards someone to share some good or benefit. This can be literal, figurative, or spiritual. It is grace as abstract concept, manner, or action.
^CXXVIII “Jesus” = Iesous. From Hebrew Yehoshua (Joshua, the Lord is salvation); {from YHVH (proper name of the God of Israel; the self-existent and eternal one); {from havah (to become) or from hayah (to come to pass, become, be)} + yasha (to deliver, defend, help, preserve, rescue; properly, to be open, wide or free, which implies being safe. So, in a causative sense, this is to free someone)}. This is Jesus or Joshua in Greek – the Lord saves or the Lord is salvation.
^CXXIX “Lord” = kurios. Related to “is binding on” in v1. See note VI above.
^CXXX “then” = ara. Same as “accordingly” in v3. See note XVII above.
^CXXXI {untranslated} = men. Same as {untranslated} in v12. See note LXIX above.
^CXXXII “sin” = hamartia. Same as “sinful” in v5. See note XXXV above.