Romans 9

^I “speaking” = lego. This is to speak, say, name, call, command. It is generally to convey verbally.
^II “truth” = aletheia. From alethes (true, unconcealed; true because it is in concert with fact and reality – attested; literally, what cannot be hidden; truth stands up to test and scrutiny and is undeniable, authentic). {from a (not, without) + lanthano (unnoticed, concealed)}. Truth is literally that which is not or cannot be concealed. This word covers more than the sense of true versus false. It spoke of truth as that which corresponds to reality – reality as opposed to illusion. Thus, it includes, sincerity, straightforwardness, and reality itself.
^III “Christ” = Christos. From chrio (consecrate by anointing with oil; often done for prophets, priests, or kings). Literally, the anointed one, Christ. The Greek word for Messiah.

^IV “lying” = pseudomai. 12x in NT. From pseudo (to lie or falsify). This is to lie or falsify – whether outright or by misleading.
^V “conscience” = suneidesis. From suneidon (to see together and so know, realize, consider, be conscious of); {from sun (with, together with) + eidon (shape, appearance, kind; something observable; form in a literal or figurative sense); from eido (to know, remember, perceive – to see and so understand)}. This is properly to know together. The conscience, found in all, is a moral and spiritual capacity granted by God so that we can understand together what is good and right.
^VI “confirms” = summartureo. 3x in NT. From sun (with, together with) + martureo (to bear witness, testify, give evidence; to testify in a literal or figurative sense); {from martus (a witness whether having heard or seen something; witness literally, judicially, or figuratively; by analogy, a martyr)}. This is to testify together with. It can also mean to corroborate.

^VII “Holy” = hagios. From hagnos (holy, sacred, pure ethically, ritually, or ceremonially; prepared for worship, chaste, unadulterated, pure to the core; undefiled by sin; figurative for innocent, modest, perfect). God is totally different from humanity and thus set apart. That which is consecrated to worship God (elements of worship) or to serve God (as the saints) are holy because they are now set apart for God’s purposes. Holy because important to God. This is sacred physically, pure. It can be morally blameless or ceremonially consecrated.
^VIII “Spirit” = pneuma. From pneo (to blow, breathe, breathe hard). This is wind, breath, or ghost. A breeze or a blast or air, a breath. Figuratively used for a spirit, the human soul or part of us that is rational. It is also used supernaturally for angels, demons, God, and the Holy Spirit. This is where pneumonia comes from.
^IX “have” = eimi. This is to be, exist.
^X “great” = megas. This is big in a literal or figurative sense – great, large, exceeding, abundant, high, mighty, perfect, strong, etc.

^XI “sorrow” = lupe. 16x in NT. This is pain, whether physical or mental. It includes grief, sorrow, distress, or a heavy heart.
^XII “unceasing” = adialeiptos. 2x in NT. From a (not, without) + dialeipo (to give up, cease, stop in the middle); {from dia (through, because of, across, thoroughly) + leipo (to leave behind, remain, lack, abandon, fall behind while racing)}.  This is continual as not having unneeded gaps in the middle. It is constantly, unceasing, or incessant. It can imply permanent.
^XIII “anguish” = odune. 2x in NT. Perhaps from duno (to enter, sink into; can also be set like the sun); from duo (to sink). This is pain, distress, or anguish, whether physical or mental.
^XIV “heart” = kardia. Literally the heart, but figuratively mind, character, inner self, will, intention, thoughts, feelings. Also, the center of something. The word heart is only used figuratively in the Old and New Testaments. This is where “cardiac” comes from.

^XV “wish” = euchomai. 7x in NT. This is to wish, make a request, or pray.
^XVI “were” = eimi. Same as “have” in v2. See note IX above.
^XVII “accursed” = anathema. 6x in NT. From anatithemi (to set up or fort, communicate, submit, declare); {from ana (up, again, back, among, anew) + tithemi (to put, place, set, fix, establish in a literal or figurative sense; properly, this is placing something in a passive or horizontal position)}. This is solemn, anathema, or accursed. From its root, it is a thing that is laid up, such as a votive offering or something one pledges to God. So, it can be a divine curse or a divine ban, something or someone that is cast out.
^XVIII “cut off” = apo. This is from or away from.

^XIX “brothers” = adelphos. From a (with, community, fellowship) + delphus (womb). This is a brother in a literal or figurative sense. It is also used of another member of the Church.
^XX “flesh” = sarx. May be from saroo (to sweep, cleanse by sweeping); from sairo (to brush off). This is flesh, the body, human nature, materiality, kindred. Flesh is not always evil in scripture (as when it refers to Jesus taking on a human body). However, it is generally used in a negative way for actions made selfishly and not through faith. This can mean animal flesh, i.e. meat, or refer to body in contrast to soul/spirit. Flesh can be a way of talking about how things or people are related or talking about human frailty (physical or moral).
^XXI “blood” = suggenes. 12x in NT. From sun (with, together with) + genos (family, offspring, kin – in a literal or figurative sense); from ginomai (to come into being, to happen, become, be born; to emerge from one state or condition to another; this is coming into being with the sense of movement or growth)}. This is relative, kinsman, offspring, or otherwise someone from the same stock. It can also be used for a fellow countryman.

^XXII “Israelites” = Israelites. 9x in NT. From Israel (Israel, the people and land); from Hebrew Yisrael (God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring); {from sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (God or god)}. This is Israel the people and the land. This is Israelite in a literal or figurative sense.
^XXIII “adoption” = huiothesia. Related to “accursed” in v3. 5x in NT. From huios (son, descendant; a son whether natural born or adopted; also used figuratively for other forms of kinship) + tithemi (see note XVII above). This is making a son, adoption.
^XXIV “glory” = doxa. From dokeo (to have an opinion, seem, appear, suppose; a personal judgment; to think); from dokos (opinion). This is literally something that evokes a good opinion – something that connects to our understanding of intrinsic worth. The ultimate expression of this is, of course, God and God’s manifestation. So, this is opinion, honor, and dignity, but also praise, glory, renown, and worship.

^XXV “covenants” = diatheke. Related to “accursed” in v3 & “adoption” in v4. From diatithemi (to place separately – to make a will or covenant; this is arranging ahead of time how things will be accomplished); {from dia (through, because of, across, thoroughly) + tithemi (see note XVII above)}. This is a will, covenant, contract, or agreement.
^XXVI “giving of the law” = nomothesia. Related to “accursed” in v3 & “adoption” in v4 & “covenants” in v4. 1x in NT. From nomothetes (lawgiver); {from nomos (what is assigned – usage, law, custom, principle; used for the law in general or of God’s law; sometimes used to refer to the first five books of the Bible or the entire Old Testament; also used to refer to theology or the practice and tradition of interpreting and implementing the law of God); {from nemo (to parcel out, assign)} + tithemi (see note XVII above)}. This is lawgiving, with particular reference to the law given to Moses.
^XXVII “worship” = latreia. 5x in NT. From latreuo (giving good, technical service because qualified or equipped to do so; to serve, minister, worship, or give homage); from latris (a hired servant; someone who is qualified to perform a technical task). This is service, divine worship, ministering to God.
^XXVIII “promises” = epaggelia. From epi (on, upon, against, what is fitting) + aggello (to announce, report); {from aggelos (angel, messenger); probably from ago (to lead, bring, carry, guide, drive)}. This is a summons, promise, or message. It is a formal promise that is officially sanctioned. In the New Testament, this usually refers to a promise made in the Old Testament.

^XXIX “patriarchs” = pater. This is father in a literal or figurative sense. Could be elder, senior, ancestor, originator, or patriarch.
^XXX “all” = pas. This is all or every.
^XXXI “God” = Theos. From Proto-Indo-European origins, meaning do, put, place. This is God or a god in general.
^XXXII “blessed” = eulogetos. Related to “speaking” in v1. 8x in NT. From eulogeo (speaking well of – speaking so that the other is benefited; praise, bless, thank, or call for a blessing); {from eu (good, well, well done, rightly) + logos (word, statement, speech, analogy; a word that carries an idea or expresses a thought, a saying; a person with a message or reasoning laid out in words; by implication, a topic, line of reasoning, or a motive; can be used for a divine utterance or as Word – Christ); {from lego (see note I above)}}. This is blessed, spoken well of, to be praiseworthy, or adorable. This is the root that “eulogy” comes from.

^XXXIII “forever” = eis + ho + aion. Literally, “to the ages.” Aion is from the same as aei (ever, always, unceasingly, perpetually; on every occasion). This is an age, cycle of time, course, continued duration. It is also used to describe the eternal or forever. This is the word used to discuss the present age or the messianic age.
^XXXIV “amen” = amen. From Hebrew amen (verily, truly, amen, truth, so be it, faithfulness); from aman (to believe, endure, fulfill, confirm, support, be faithful, put one’s trust in, be steadfast. Figuratively, this is to be firm, steadfast, or faithful, trusting, believing, being permanent, morally solid). This word is literally firmness, but figuratively fidelity, faithfulness, honesty, responsibility, trust, truth, steadfastness. Properly, it is to be sure, certain, or firm. This is a word of emphasis indicating that something crucial follows.
^XXXV “word” = logos. Related to “speaking” in v1 & “blessed” in v5. See note XXXII above.
^XXXVI “failed” = ekpipto. 10x in NT. From ek (from, from out of) + pipto (to fall in a literal or figurative sense). This is to fall off, fade away, fail, leave a straight path on the sea, flower withering, be fruitless, be inefficient.

^XXXVII “Israel” = Israel. Related to “Israelites” in v4. See note XXII above.
^XXXVIII “Israelites” = Israel. Same as “Israel” in v6. See note XXXVII above.
^XXXIX “Abraham’s” = Abraam. From Hebrew Abraham (exalted father); from the same as Abiram (exalted father, a high father – lofty) {from ab (father literal or figurative) + rum (rise, bring up, being high, extol, exalt, haughty; to raise in a literal or figurative sense)}. This is Abraham, father of many nations or father of a multitude.
^XL “children” = teknon. From tikto (to beget, bring forth, produce). This is a child, descendant, or inhabitant.
^XLI “descendants” = sperma. From speiro (to sow seed, spread, scatter); perhaps from spao (to pull, to draw a sword). This is something sown so it could be seed or offspring and descendants. This is where the word “sperm” comes from.

^XLII “Isaac” = Isaak. From Hebrew yitschaq (Isaac, “he laughs”); from tsachaq (to laugh, mock, play, make sport; this is laughing out loud whether in joy or in a scornful way). Isaac, meaning “he laughs.”
^XLIII “named” = kaleo. Related to keleuo (to command, order, direct); from kelomai (to urge on). This is to call by name, invite, to name, bid, summon, call aloud.
^XLIV “means” = eimi. Same as “have” in v2. See note IX above.
^XLV “counted” = logizomai. Related to “speaking” in v1 & “blessed” in v5 & “word” in v6. From logos (see note XXXII above). This is this is to compute or reckon up, to count; figuratively, it is coming to a conclusion or decision using logic; taking an inventory in a literal or figurative sense.

^XLVI “time” = kairos. This is season, opportunity, occasion. The word chronos is used for chronological time. Kairos is used for spiritually significant time – the right time or appointed time.
^XLVII “return” = erchomai. This is to come or go.
^XLVIII “Sarah” = Sarra. 4x in NT. From Hebrew Sarah (Sarah, meaning princess or ruler); from sarah (princess, mistress, noble lady, queen); from sar (chief, ruler, captain, official, prince). This is Sarah, meaning princess or ruler.
^XLIX “son” = huios. Related to “adoption” in v4. See note XXIII above.

^L “all” = monon. From monos (alone, single, remaining, mere, desolate); from meno (to stay, abide, wait, endure). This is merely, only, simply, sole. It can also imply alone.
^LI “Rebecca” = Rhebekka. 1x in NT. From Hebrew Ribqah (Rebekah; may mean “tied up” or “secured”); from the same as marbeq (fattened, a stall used for housing cattle; root may mean to tie up).. This is Rebekah, which may mean “tied up” or “secured.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Rebekah.html#.Xu5ad0VKhPY
^LII “conceived children” = koite + echo.  Koite is 4x in NT. From keimai (to lie, recline, be set, appointed, destined; to lie down literally or figuratively). This is a bed, which can imply living together with someone. By extension, it can refer to promiscuity or sperm. Echo is to have, hold, possess.
^LIII “one” = heis. This is one, a person, only, some.
^LIV “ancestor” = pater. Same as “patriarchs” in v5. See note XXIX above.

^LV “born” = gennao. Related to “kindred” in v3. From genna (descent, birth); from genos (see note XXI above). This is to beget, give birth to, or bring forth. Properly, it refers to procreation by the father, but was used of the mother by extension. Figuratively, this can mean to regenerate.
^LVI “done” = prasso. This is to do or practice – something done on an on-going basis or by habit. It can also mean to accomplish, attend, or commit.
^LVII “good” = agathos. This is good, a benefit, or a good thing. It is good by its very nature, intrinsically good. A different word, kalos, refers to external signs of goodness.
^LVIII “bad” = phaulos. 6x in NT. This is bad, worthless, or foul. Figuratively, it can mean wicked or evil.

^LIX “purpose” = prothesis. Related to “accursed” in v3 & “adoption” in v4 & “covenants” and “giving of the law” in v4. 12x in NT. From protithemi (to set before, purpose, plan, determine, put in a public display); {from pro (before, earlier than, ahead, prior) + tithemi (see note XVII above)}. This is a setting forth – a proposal, predetermination, purpose. It can also mean something that is sacred or consecrated so it can be used for the showbread or sacred bread.
^LX “election” = ekloge. Related to “speaking” in v1 & “blessed” in v5 & “word” in v6 & “counted” in v8. 7x in NT. From eklego (to choose, select, elect); {from ek (from, from out of) + lego (see note I above)}. This is properly a choosing out so it is a selection or choice. It is also used theologically to mean election i.e. God’s choice.
^LXI “continue” = meno. Related to “all” in v10. See note L above.
^LXII “works” = ergon. From ergo (to work, accomplish, do). This is work, task, deed, labor, effort.
^LXIII “call” = kaleo. Same as “named” in v7. See note XLIII above.

^LXIV “told” = ereo. Perhaps from rheo (to say, speak of, command). This is to say, tell, speak, mean, command.
^LXV “elder” = megas. Same as “great” in v2. See note X above.
^LXVI “serve” = douleuo. From doulos (a servant or for a slave, enslaved; someone who belongs to someone else, but could be voluntary to pay off debt or involuntary – captured in war and enslaved; a metaphor for serving Christ); perhaps from deo (to tie, bind, fasten, impel, compel; to declare something against the law or prohibited). This is to be a slave, serve, do service, obey, be devoted.
^LXVII “younger” = elasson. 4x in NT. This is smaller, worse, younger, lesser quality.

^LXVIII “written” = grapho. This is to write or describe. It is where the word “graphic” comes from.
^LXIX “loved” = agapao. Perhaps from agan (much). This is love, longing for, taking pleasure in. It is divine love or human love that echoes divine love.
^LXX “Jacob” = Iakob. From Hebrew Yaaqob (Jacob); from the same as aqeb (heel, hind part, hoof, rear guard of an army, one who lies in wait, usurper). This is James, meaning heel grabber or usurper.
^LXXI “hated” = miseo. From misos (hatred). This word is used in two ways in the New Testament. One has to do with how we prioritize. In order to prioritize something the highest, it means we have to rank other things lower. We cannot have 10 number one priorities. So, the nine that are not number 1, we love less or we value them lower. We make a moral choice the springs from our values about where we put our time, efforts, energy, etc. The other way is detesting or hatred as we normally think of it. This sense has a particular affinity with persecuting the one we hate.
^LXXII “Esau” = Esau. 3x in NT – 1x in Romans & 2x in Hebrews. From Hebrew esav (Esau; may mean “rough” or “doer” or “maker” or “worker”); from asah (to squeeze, handle, or press) OR from asah (to do, make, accomplish, become). This is Esau, perhaps meaning “rough” as something one handles. It could also be “doer,” “maker,” or “worker.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Esau.html#.Xuj8IUVKhPY

^LXXIII “say” = ereo. Same as “told” in v12. See note LXIV above.
^LXXIV “injustice” = adikia. From adikos (unjust, unrighteous, wicked, treacherous); {from a (not, without) + dike (the principle of justice; that which is right in a way that is very clear; a decision or the execution of that decision; originally, this word was for custom or usage; evolved to include the process of law, judicial hearing, execution of sentence, penalty, and even vengeance; more commonly, it refers to what is right); may be from deiknumi (to show, point out, exhibit; figurative for teach, demonstrate, make known)}. This is injustice, unrighteousness, of some other kind of harm or wrong. It is justice in a legal setting or a morally wrong action or character.
^LXXV “by no means” = me + ginomai. Ginomai is related to “kindred” in v3 & “born” in v11. See note XXI above.

^LXXVI “says” = lego. Same as “speaking” in v1. See note I above.
^LXXVII “Moses” = Mouses. From Hebrew Mosheh (Moses); from mashah (to pull out in a literal or figurative sense, to draw out) OR from Egyptian mes or mesu (child, son i.e. child of…). This is Moses – the one drawn out from the water, which is to say, rescued. If derived from the Egyptian, his name would share a root with Rameses and Thutmose.
^LXXVIII “have mercy” = eleeo. From eleos (mercy, pity, tender mercy, or compassion; generally understood in action by word or deed). This is to have pity on, show mercy to, be compassionate; often used for God’s grace. When we sing or say “kyrie eleison” (Lord, have mercy), it is from this root verb.
^LXXIX “have compassion” = oiktiro. 2x in NT – both in this passage. From oiktos (pity). This is to have compassion, sympathy, or pity.

^LXXX “will” = thelo. This is to wish, desire, will, or intend. It is to choose or prefer in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean inclined toward or take delight in. It can have a sense of being ready to act on the impulse in question.
^LXXXI “exertion” = trecho. To run, make progress, rush. This is running like an athlete in a race. Figuratively, to work quickly towards a goal in a focused way.
^LXXXII “shows mercy” = eleeo. Same as “have mercy” in v15. See note LXXVIII above.

^LXXXIII “scripture” = graphe. Related to “written” in v13. From grapho (see note LXVIII above). This is literally writing, a document. In the New Testament, this is always used for scripture.
^LXXXIV “says” = lego. Same as “speaking” in v1. See note I above.
^LXXXV “Pharaoh” = Pharao. 5x in NT. From Egyptian pr (palace, pharaoh; literally house + great). This is Pharaoh, a title for Egyptian kings. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pharaoh

^LXXXVI “raised…up” = exegeiro. 2x in NT. From ek (from, from out of) + egeiro (to awake, raise up or lift up; to get up from sitting or lying down, to get up from sleeping, to rise from a disease or from death; figuratively, rising from inactivity or from ruins). This is to raise completely with a focus on the final result. It can be raise from the dead or set free from infliction.
^LXXXVII “show” = endeiknumi. 11x in NT. From en (in, on, at, by, with, among) + deiknumi (to show, point out, exhibit; figurative for teach, demonstrate, make known). This is to prove, demonstrate, show by word or deed.
^LXXXVIII “power” = dunamis. From dunamai (to be able, have power or ability). This is might, strength, physical power, efficacy, energy, and miraculous power. It is force literally or figuratively – the power of a miracle or the miracle itself.

^LXXXIX “name” = onoma. May be from ginosko (know, recognize, learn from firsthand experience). This is a name, authority, cause, character, fame, reputation. The name was thought to include something of the essence of the person so it was not thought to be separate from the person.
^XC “proclaimed” = diaggello. Related to “promises” in v4. 3x in NT. From dia (through, for the sake of, across, thoroughly) + aggello (see note XXVIII above). This is to proclaim, teach, preach. It is to fully declare something.
^XCI “all” = pas. Same as “all” in v5. See note XXX above.
^XCII “earth” = ge. This is earth, land, soil, region, country, the inhabitants of an area.
^XCIII “chooses” = thelo. Same as “will” in v16. See note LXXX above.
^XCIV “hardens” = skleruno. 6x in NT. From skleros (hard because dried, rough, difficult, fierce, harsh; stubborn or unyielding – unyieldingly hard); {from skello (to dry, parch)} OR from the same as skelos (leg, hip on down); {from skello (see above)}. This is to harden, make inflexible, make very stubborn.

^XCV “say” = ereo. Same as “told” in v12. See note LXIV above.
^XCVI “find fault” = memphomai. 2x in NT – from Romans & Hebrews. Perhaps from mempteos (rejected because one has been condemned). This is to blame, be disgraceful. It can also mean to be rejected due to doing bad things.
^XCVII “resist” = anthistemi. 14x in NT. From anti (opposite, instead of, against) + histemi (to stand, place, establish, appoint, stand ready, be steadfast). This is to stand against, to take an entirely opposite stance, resist, oppose, or withstand. Figuratively, it is publicly holding your ground. It has its roots as a military term for resisting one’s enemy.
^XCVIII “will” = boulema. 3x in NT. From boulomai (to wish, desire, intend; to plan with great determination). This is plan, will, purpose, desire, resolve.

^XCIX {untranslated} = O. 17x in NT. This is O or oh – used to speak to someone or express a strong feeling.
^C “human” = anthropos. Probably from aner (man, male, husband) + ops (eye, face); {from optanomai (to appear, be seen); perhaps from horao (become, seem, appear)}. This is human, humankind. Used for all genders.
^CI “argue with” = antapokrinomai. 2x in NT – from Luke & Romans. From anti (opposite, instead of, against) + apokrinomai (to reply or respond, to draw one’s own conclusions, to speak when one is expected to); {from apo (from, away from) + krino (to judge, decide, think good, condemn, determine, pass judgment, stand trial, sue; judging whether in court or in a private setting; properly, mentally separating or distinguishing an issue – to come to a choice or decision, to judge positively or negatively in seeking what is right or wrong, who is innocent or guilty; can imply trying, condemning, punishing, or avenging)}. This is to answer back, contradict, dispute.

^CII “what is molded” = plasma. 1x in NT. From plasso (to form, mold; to create like a potter shapes clay). This is something formed or molded. In other words, it can refer to an image.
^CIII “say” = ereo. Same as “told” in v12. See note LXIV above.
^CIV “molds” = plasso. Related to “what is molded” in v20. See note CII above.
^CV “made” = poieo. This is to make, do, act, construct, abide, or cause.

^CVI “has” = echo. Same as “conceived children” in v110. See note LII above.
^CVII “potter” = kerameus. 3x in NT – 2x in Matthew & 1x in Romans. From keramos (earthenware, a tile, a roof or awning); from kerannumi (to mix or pour out a drink); from kerao (to mix). This is a potter, one who uses clay mixed with water. It shares a root with the word “ceramic.”
^CVIII “right” = exousia. Related to “have” in v2. From exesti (to be permitted or lawful); {from ek (out, out of) + eimi (see note IX above)}. This is power to act or weight. It especially denotes moral authority or influence. It can mean domain, liberty, freedom, capacity, mastery, right, force, or strength.
^CIX “clay” = pelos. 6x in NT – 5x in John 9 & 1x in Romans. This is clay or mud.

^CX “lump” = phurama. 5x in NT. From phurao (to mis). This is something mixed together like bread dough or a lump of clay.
^CXI {untranslated} = men. This is truly, indeed, even, in fact. Often, it is not translated, but used to emphasize affirmation.
^CXII “object” = skeuos. This is a vessel, object, article, property, a tool. It is an implement or other equipment in a literal or figurative sense. It could also refer to a vessel of mercy or a wife.
^CXIII “special use” = time. From tino (to pay, be punished, pay a penalty or fine because of a crime); from tio (to pay respect, value). This has to do with worth or something’s perceived value. Literally, it means price, but figuratively, it means the honor or value one sees in someone or something else. It can be esteem or dignity. It can also mean precious or valuables.
^CXIV “ordinary use” = atimia. Related to “special use” in v21. 7x in NT. From a (not, without) + time (see note CXIII above). This is dishonor or disgrace, shame, reproach, or common use. It is something that as seen as having no value.

^CXV “desiring” = thelo. Same as “will” in v16. See note LXXX above.
^CXVI “show” = endeiknumi. Same as “show” in v17. See note LXXXVII above.
^CXVII “wrath” = orge. From orgao (something that teems or stews; anger rising from prolonged personal contact that is fixed rather than an angry outburst; anger that stems from an individual’s sense of right and wrong, justice, etc.) or from orego (to stretch out towards, yearn for, aspire to, desire). This is impulse, wrath, anger, passion, punishment. Properly, this is fixed anger from ongoing personal irritation caused by something the one getting angry sees as unjust or evil. Wrath implies punishment. Can refer to human or divine wrath.

^CXVIII “make known” = gnorizo. Related to “name” in v17. From ginosko (see note LXXXIX above). This is to declare, know, discover, make known.
^CXIX “power” = dunatos. Related to “power” in v17. From dunamai (see note LXXXVIII above). This is mighty or powerful. It speaks of ability of persons, possibility of things. It is what can be given the power or ability that the subject exhibits. The root verb is also related to miracles i.e. deeds of power.
^CXX “endured” = phero. This is to bear, bring, lead, or make known publicly. It is to carry in a literal or figurative sense.
^CXXI “much” = polus. This is much, often, plenteous – a large number or a great extent.
^CXXII “patience” = makrothumia. Related to “great” in v2. 14x in NT. From makros (long, long lasting) {from mekos (length); probably related to megas (see note X above)} + thumos (passion, wrath; actions emerging from passion or impulse) {from thuo (to rush along, breathe violently, offer sacrifice)}. Properly, this is long-passion or long-suffering – one who waits the needed amount of time before expressing anger. This is also patience, perseverance, and fortitude.

^CXXIII “made” = katartizo. 13x in NT. From kata (down, against, throughout, among) + artizo (get ready, prepare); {from artios (perfect, complete, ready, adequate, fitted); from arti (now, in the moment); from airo (raise, take up, lift, remove)}. This is to prepare, complete, perfect for final use. This is restoring something to a good condition, whether for the first time or one more. It is to repair in a literal or figurative sense.
^CXXIV “destruction” = apoleia. 18x in NT. From apollumi (to destroy, cut off, to perish – perhaps violently; to cancel or remove); {from apo (from, away from) + ollumi (to destroy or ruin; the loss that comes from a major ruination)}. This is destruction, loss, something cut off, ruin, perdition. It can be any kind of loss whether tangible, spiritual, or eternal.
^CXXV “riches” = ploutos. Related to “much” in v22. From polus (see note CXXI above) OR pleo (to sail, voyage); {probably from pluno (to plunge – so to wash); from pluo (to flow)} OR pletho (to fill, accomplish, supply; to fill to maximum capacity). This is abundance, wealth, or riches. It could refer to money/possessions or spiritual abundance. It can also be used for a valuable bestowment.

^CXXVI “mercy” = eleos. Related to “have mercy” in v15. See note LXXVIII above.
^CXXVII “prepared beforehand” = proetoimazo. 2x in NT. From pro (before, earlier, above) + hetoimazo (to prepare, provide); {from hetoimos (make ready, be ready because of being prepared, standing by, adjusted; ready to meet some opportunity or challenge)}. This is to prepare or appoint before in a literal or figurative sense.
^CXXVIII “Jews” = Ioudaios. From Ioudas (Judah, Judas); from Hebrew Yehudah (Judah, son of Jacob, his tribal descendants, a name for the southern kingdom. Literally, it means praised); probably from yadah (to throw one’s hands into the air in a gesture of praise); from yad (hand). This is Jewish, a Jew, or Judea.
^CXXIX “only” = monon. Same as “all” in v10. See note L above.
^CXXX “gentiles” = ethnos. Probably from etho (a custom or culture). This is people who are united by having similar customs or culture. Generally, it is used to refer to Gentiles. This is a tribe, race, nation, or Gentiles in general. This is where the term “ethnicity” comes from.

^CXXXI “says” = lego. Same as “speaking” in v1. See note I above.
^CXXXII “Hosea” = Hosee. 1x in NT. From Hebrew Hoshea (Hosea, Hoshea, or Joshua, meaning “salvation” or “deliverer”); from From yasha (to deliver, defend, help, preserve, rescue; properly, to be open, wide or free, which implies being safe; in a causative sense, to free someone). This is Hosea, Hoshea, or Joshua, meaning “salvation” or “deliverer.”
^CXXXIII “people” = laos. This is the people or crowd – often used for the chosen people. This is where the word “laity” comes from.
^CXXXIV “people” = laos. Same as “people” in v25. See note CXXXIII above.
^CXXXV “beloved” = agapao. Same as “loved” in v13. See note LXIX above.

^CXXXVI {untranslated} = eimi. Same as “have” in v2. See note IX above.
^CXXXVII “place” = topos. This is a place or region. It is a smaller space that can only hold a limited number of people whereas chora is a larger place. Figuratively it could be an opportunity.
^CXXXVIII “said” = ereo. Same as “told” in v12. See note LXIV above.
^CXXXIX “people” = laos. Same as “people” in v25. See note CXXXIII above.
^CXL “children” = huios. Same as “son” in v9. See note XLIX above.
^CXLI “living” = zao. This is to live literally or figuratively. It is used for life including the vitality of humans, plants, and animals – it is life physical and spiritual and life everlasting.

^CXLII “Isaiah” = Esaias. Related to “Hosea” in v25. From Hebrew Yeshayahu (Isaiah, “salvation of the Lord”); {from yasha (see note CXXXII above) + Yah (the shortened form of the name of the God of Israel; God, Lord); {from YHVH (proper name of the God of Israel; God, Lord; the self-existent or eternal one); from havah (to become) or hayah (to be, become, happen)}}. This is Isaiah, meaning “salvation of the Lord.”
^CXLIII “cries out” = krazo. This is to cry out, scream, shriek. It is onomatopoeia for the sound of a raven’s call. Figuratively, this means crying out urgently without intelligible words to express something that is deeply felt.
^CXLIV “number” = arithmos. Related to “made” in v22. 18x in NT. From airo (see note CXXIII above). This is a number or total that has been counted to together. It shares a root with “arithmetic,” which literally means the “art of counting.” See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arithmetic
^CXLV “children” = huios. Same as “son” in v9. See note XLIX above.

^CXLVI “sand” = ammos. 5x in NT. From psammos (sand). This is sand or sandy ground.
^CXLVII “sea” = thalassa. Perhaps from hals (sea, salt, a boy of saltwater) or halas (salt; can be figurative for prudence). This is the sea, a lake, or seashore.
^CXLVIII “remnant” = hupoleipo. Related to “unceasing” in v2. 2x in NT. From hupo (by, under, about, subordinate to) + leipo (see note XII above). This is to remain, survive, a remnant.
^CXLIX “saved” = sozo. From sos (safe, rescued, well). This is to save, heal, preserve, or rescue. Properly, this is taking someone from danger to safety. It can be delivering or protecting literally or figuratively. This is the root that “savior” and “salvation” come from in Greek.

^CL “Lord” = Kurios. From kuros (authority, supremacy). This is a respectful address meaning master or sir. It refers to one who has control or power greater than one’s own. So, it was also applied to God and Jesus as Master or Lord.
^CLI “execute” = poieo. Same as “made” in v20. See note CV above.
^CLII “sentence” = logos. Same as “word” in v6. See note XXXV above.
^CLIII “quickly” = suntemno. 1x in NT. From sun (with, together with) + the same as tomos (sharp or keener); {from temno (to cut with a as with a single slice)}. This is to cut in pieces, decide, do concisely or quickly.
^CLIV “decisively” = sunteleo. 6x in NT. From sun (with, together with) + teleo (to complete, fulfill, accomplish, end); {from telos (an end, aim, purpose, completion, end goal, consummation, tax; going through the steps to complete a stage or phase and then moving on to the next one)}. This is to fulfill, accomplish, complete, bring to the desired result, to complete a goal literally or figuratively.

^CLV “predicted” = prolego. Related to “speaking” in v1 & “blessed” in v5 & “word” in v6 & “counted” in v8 & “election” in v11. 14x in NT. From pro (before, earlier than, ahead, prior) + lego (see note I above). This is to forewarn, state clearly, predict. It is saying ahead of time.
^CLVI “hosts” = Sabaoth. 2x in NT. From Hebrew tsaba (a campaign literally as with army, war, warfare, battle, company, soldiers; figuratively, can be hardship or worship); from tsaba (to wage war, serve, assemble, fight, perform, muster, wait on). This is Sabaoth, usually translated hosts or armies.
^CLVII “left” = egkataleipo. Related to “unceasing” in v2 & “remnant” in v27. From en (in, on, at, by, with) + kataleipo (to leave or leave behind, abandon, forsake, leave in reserve); {from kata (down, against, throughout, among) + leipo (see note XII above)}. This is left behind, left as a remainder, desert, forsake. Properly, it means to leave someone or something wanting or lacking – so, to forsake or cause someone to be helpless in a serious scenario.

^CLVIII “fared” = ginomai. Same as “by no means” in v14. See note LXXV above.
^CLIX “Sodom” = Sodoma. 10x in NT. From Hebrew sedom (Sodom, the Canaanite city; root may mean scorch; perhaps this was a volcanic or coal rich area). This is Sodom.
^CLX “made” = homoioo. 15x in NT. From homoios (similar to, resembling, like); from the same as homou (together); from homos (the same). This is to compare, liken, resemble, become similar.
^CLXI “Gomorrah” = Gomorra. 5x in NT. From Hebrew amorah (Amorah, Gomorrah; a ruined heap); from amar (to bind sheaves, heap; discipline as piling on blows). This is Gomorrah.

^CLXII “say” = ereo. Same as “told” in v12. See note LXIV above.
^CLXIII “strive” = dioko. From dio (put to flight). This is chase or pursue in an aggressive fashion. By implication, it is persecute. It can also be used positively for eagerly pursuing something.
^CLXIV “righteousness” = dikaiosune. Related to “injustice” in v14. From dikaios (correct, righteous – implies innocent; this is that which conforms to God’s notion of justice, uprightness); from dike (see note LXXIV above). This is judicial or divine approval of character or action. This is righteousness, justice, justness, divine righteousness.
^CLXV “attained” = katalambano. 15x in NT. From kata (down, against, among, throughout) + lambano (active acceptance/taking of what is available or what has been offered; emphasizes the choice and action of the individual). This is to take hold of something with great intention for one’s own interest. It can be seize or arrest – grasping forcefully. Figuratively, it can also mean to comprehend, to win, to surprise, or to possess.

^CLXVI “it” = dikaiosune. Same as “righteousness” in v30. See note CLXIV above.
^CLXVII “faith” = pistis. From peitho (to have confidence, urge, be persuaded, agree, assure, believe, have confidence, trust). This is less about knowing, believing, and repeating a list of doctrines then it is about trusting God. Faith means listening to God and seeking to live a holy life even (and especially) when we don’t understand how everything works or fits together. Faith is about being faithful (trusting and doing) rather than being all knowing.
^CLXVIII “law” = nomos. Related to “giving of the law” in v4. See note XXVI above.
^CLXIX “attain” = phthano. 7x in NT. This is to arrive before, anticipate – coming before as a priority.

^CLXX “stumbled” = proskopto. 8x in NT. From pros (at, towards, for) + kopto (to cut, strike, cut off; beating the chest to lament and so to mourn). This is to kick against, stumble, strike, beat on, surge against like water does, or take offense. It is to trip up in a literal or figurative sense.
^CLXXI “stumbling” = proskomma. Related to “stumbled” in v32. 6x in NT. From proskopto (see note CLXX above). This is stumbling, obstacle, or something that causes one to stumble. It can also figuratively be a moral embarrassment or something that leads one to fall from faithfulness.
^CLXXII “stone” = lithos. This is stone in a literal or figurative sense.

^CLXXIII “see” = idou. Related to “conscience” in v1. From eido (see note V above). This is see! Lo! Behold! Look! Used to express surprise and or draw attention to the statement.
^CLXXIV “laying” = tithemi. Related to “accursed” in v3 & “adoption” in v4 & “covenants” and “giving of the law” in v4 & “purpose” in v11. See note XVII above.
^CLXXV “Zion” = Sion. 7x in NT. From Hebrew tsiyyon (Zion – a mountain in Jerusalem as well as another name for Jerusalem itself or the people); related to tsyiyyun (signpost, monument); from tsavah (to charge someone, to command, order); from the same as tsiyyah (dryness drought); from a root meaning parched as desert, dry land. This is Zion – the mountain in Jerusalem, the city, or its people. Also used figuratively to refer to the church.

^CLXXVI “stumble” = proskomma. Same as “stumbling” in v32. See note CLXXI above.
^CLXXVII “rock” = petra. 15x in NT. This is large rock that is connected and or projecting like a rock, ledge, or cliff. It can also be cave or stony ground.
^CLXXVIII “that will make them fall” = skandalon. 15x in NT. Perhaps from kampto (to bend or bow). This is a stumbling block, offense, hindrance, or scandal. Properly, this is the part of the trap that triggers it shut on the victim. So, as a snare, it is anything that causes error or offense, something that makes one stumble or traps someone. This is where the word “scandal” comes from.
^CLXXIX “trusts” = pisteuo. Related to “faith” in v30. From pistis (see note CLXVII above). This is to believe, entrust, have faith it, affirm, have confidence in. This is less to do with a series of beliefs or doctrines that one believes and more to do with faithfulness, loyalty, and fidelity. It is trusting and then acting based on that trust.
^CLXXX “put to shame” = kataischuno. 13x in NT. From kata (down, against, according to, among) + aischunomai (to dishonor, put to shame, shrink, disfigure); {from aischos (shame, disgrace, disfigurement)}. This is literally to shame down, which is to say disgrace or implying make someone blush. It can be frustrate, dishonor, confound or shame.