Wisdom 10:15-21

^A “holy” = hosios. 8x in NT. This is righteous, pious, holy, devout, or Holy One. This refers to what is worthy or respect or reverence because it corresponds to a higher law, particularly God’s law. It can be contrasted with dikaios (just according to law and statue) & hieros (formally consecrated) & hagios (pure, sacred, free from ritual defilement).
^B “people” = laos. This is the people or crowd – often used for the chosen people. This is where the word “laity” comes from.
^C “offspring” = amemptos. 5x in NT. From a (not, without) + memphomai (to blame, be disgraceful; be rejected due to doing bad things); {from mempteos (rejected because one has been condemned)}. This is blameless, without fault, irreproachable, free of defect. So, this is one who is morally pure.

^D “delivered” = rhuomai. 18x in NT– including from the Lord’s prayer “deliver us from evil”. Related to eruo (to draw or drag) OR related to rheo (to flow, overflow). This is to rescue or set free. It is to deliver from danger, to snatch up.
^E “nation” = ethnos. Probably from etho (a custom or culture). This is people who are united by having similar customs or culture. Generally, it is used to refer to Gentiles. This is a tribe, race, nation, or Gentiles in general. This is where the term “ethnicity” comes from.
^F “oppressors” = thlibo. 10x in NT. Perhaps from tribos (worn track or path like a rut that is formed from rubbing i.e. steady use; also road or highway); from tribo (to rub or thresh). This is to press in on and make narrow, rub together, constrict. Figuratively, it is to oppress or afflict.

^G “entered” = eiserchomai. From eis (to, into, for, among) + erchomai (to come, go). This is to go in in a literal or figurative sense.
^H “soul” = psuche. From psucho (to breathe, blow). This is breath, the breath of life, the self, individual, soul. This is the word for that which makes a person unique – their identity, will, personality, affections. This isn’t the soul as the immortal part of us, but as our individuality. It is also not life as a general concept, but specific to people. This is where the words psyche and psychology come from.
^I “servant” = therapon. 1x in NT. Perhaps related to theros (heat, which implies the summer); from thero (to heat). This is a servant, attendant, or minister. It refers to voluntary service.
^J “Lord” = Kurios. From kuros (authority, supremacy). This is a respectful address meaning master or sir. It refers to one who has control or power greater than one’s own. So, it was also applied to God and Jesus as Master or Lord.

^K “withstood” = anthistemi. 14x in NT. From anti (opposite, instead of, against) + histemi (to stand, place, establish, appoint, stand ready, be steadfast). This is to stand against, to take an entirely opposite stance, resist, oppose, or withstand. Figuratively, it is publicly holding your ground. It has its roots as a military term for resisting one’s enemy.
^L “dread” = phoberos. 3x in NT. From phobeo (to put to flight, terrify, frighten, dread, reverence, to withdraw or avoid; sometimes used in a positive sense to mean the fear of the Lord); from phobos (panic flight, fear, fear being caused, terror, alarm, that which causes fear, reverence, respect); from phebomai (to flee, withdraw, be put to flight). This is fearful, terrifying, or formidable. It is something that causes someone to run away.
^M “kings” = basileus. Probably from basis (step, hence foot; a pace); from baino (to walk, to go). This is king, emperor, or sovereign.
^N “wonders” = teras. 16x in NT. This is a wonder or marvel performed to get bystanders to react. It could also be a portent or omen.
^O “signs” = semeion. From the same as semaino (to give a sign, signify, indicate, make known); from sema (a sign or mark). It is literally a sign of any kind. It also refers to a sign given by God to confirm or authenticate a message or prophecy. It is not necessarily miraculous, but it can be. The Gospel of John generally uses this word instead of miracle.

^P “gave” = apodidomi. From apo (from, away from) + didomi (give, offer, place, bestow, deliver; give in a literal or figurative sense). This is to give back, return, give away. It is to restore as when one makes payment – to rend what is due, to sell.
^Q “holy people” = hosios. Same as “holy” in v15. See note A above.
^R “reward” = misthos. This is wages, pay, or salary. It can also be reward, recompense, or punishment. It is pay for services rendered in a literal or figurative way, either good or bad.
^S “labors” = kopos. 18x in NT. From kopto (to cut, strike, cut off; beating the chest to lament and so to mourn). This is trouble, toil, or labor. This is working to the point of exhaustion or weariness. At base, this refers to a blow that lands so swiftly that one is seriously weakened. Figuratively, this is being greatly tired or working to the point of being without strength.

^T “guided” = hodegeo. 5x in NT. From hodegos (leader or guide; figuratively, a teacher); {from hodos (way, road, path, or journey; can imply progress along a route) + hegeomai (to think, suppose, have an opinion; to lead the way, what comes in front or first, initial thought, high esteem or authority; one who commands in an official capacity); {from ago (lead, bring, carry, drive, go)}. This is to guide or instruct. It is showing someone else the way, whether literally or figuratively.
^U “marvelous” = thaumastos. 6x in NT. From thaumazo (to marvel, wonder, or admire; to be amazed out of one’s senses or be awestruck; being astonished and starting to contemplate what was beheld); from thauma (a wonder or marvel; used abstractly for wonderment or amazement; something that evokes emotional astonishment); may be from theaomai (to behold, look upon, see, contemplate, visit); from thaomai (to gaze at a spectacle; to look at or contemplate as a spectator; to interpret something in efforts to grasp its significance). This is wonderful, marvelous, awe-inspiring. It is something that moves one to deepest feelings.
^V “way” = hodos. Related to “guided” in v17. See note T above.

^W “became” = ginomai. This is to come into being, to happen, become, be born. It can be to emerge from one state or condition to another or is coming into being with the sense of movement or growth.
^X “shelter” = skepe. This is protection or a covering. See https://el.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%80%CE%B7
^Y “day” = hemera. Perhaps from hemai (to sit). This is day, time, or daybreak.
^Z “starry” = astron. 4x in NT. From aster (star literally or figuratively); probably from stronnumi or stronnuo (to spread, make a bed). This is a star or a constellation seen as a single unit. It can also evoke the Roman god Saturn.
^AA “flame” = phlox. 7x in NT. From phlego (to burn or flash). This is a flame or blaze. It is where the flowers of the same name take their name from.
^BB “night” = nux. This is night in a literal or figurative sense.

^CC “brought…over” = diabibazo. Related to “kings” in v16. Related to diabazo (to read, be able to read, to teach, exorcize); {from dia (through, because of, across, thoroughly) + bibazo (to force); {from baino (see note M above)}}. This is to transmit or pass on. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%B6%CF%89 & https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%B6%CF%89#Greek
^DD “Red” = eruthros. 2x in NT. This is Red, used to refer to the Red Sea.
^EE “Sea” = thalassa. Perhaps from hals (sea, salt, a boy of saltwater) or halas (salt; can be figurative for prudence). This is the sea, a lake, or seashore.

^FF “led” = diago. Related to “guided” in v17. 2x in NT. From dia (through, across to the other side, thoroughly) + ago (see note T above). This is to pass, spend time, live.
^GG “deep” = polus. This is much, often, plenteous – a large number or a great extent.
^HH “waters” = hudor. Perhaps from huetos (rain); from huo (to rain). This is water literal or figurative. It is one of the roots that “hydrogen” and “hydroelectric” come from.
^II “drowned” = katakluzo. 1x in NT. From kata (down, against, throughout, among) + akin to kludon (billow of water, wave, surge of the sea); {from kluzo (to wash over)}. This is to overwhelm, wash down, or flood.
^JJ “enemies” = echthros. From echthos (hatred). This is an openly hostile person so an enemy, a foe, or a hated person. This speaks of irreconcilable hostility. It can also mean adversary and/or refer to Satan.

^KK “cast…up” = anabrasso. Perhaps from ana (up, again, back, among, anew) + brasso (to wield). This is to boil up, seethe, cast up, or jump. See https://atlas.perseus.tufts.edu/dictionaries/entry/urn:cite2:scaife-viewer:dictionary-entries.atlas_v1:lsj-6283/ & https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B6%CF%89
^LL “depth” = bathos. Related to “kings” in v16 & “brought…over” in v18. 8x in NT. From bathus (deep in a literal or figurative sense); from the same root as basis (see note M above). This is depth, fullness, profundity, or immensity. This is where the term “bathysphere” comes from, but not the English word “bath.”
^MM “sea” = abussos. Related to “kings” in v16 & “brought…over” in v18 & “depth” in v19. 9x in NT. From a (not, without) + buthos (deep, bottom, deep sea); {akin to bathos (see note LL above)}. This is boundless, bottomless – literally without depth. It can imply the realm of the dead and evil spirits – the infernal abyss. This is where the word “abyss” comes from.

^NN “righteous” = dikaios. From dike (the principle of justice; that which is right in a way that is very clear; a decision or the execution of that decision; originally, this word was for custom or usage; evolved to include the process of law, judicial hearing, execution of sentence, penalty, and even vengeance; more commonly, it refers to what is right); may be from deiknumi (to show, point out, exhibit; figurative for teach, demonstrate, make known). This is correct, righteous, just, or a righteous person. It implies innocent or conforming to God’s standard of justice.
^OO “plundered” = skuleuo. From skulla (war booty); from skullo (to skin or flay; figuratively, to distress, annoy, or harass). This is to despoil, to take the weapon of a dead enemy. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%83%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%8D%CF%89
^PP “ungodly” = asebes. 9x in NT. From a (not) + sebo (to worship, revere, adore, be devout; properly this is personally placing a high value on someone or something, showing respect). Properly, this is being irreverent, not acting with appropriate respect or declining to show honor to the sacred. So, it could be ungodly, impious, wicked, or irreverent.

^QQ “sang hymns” = humneo. 4x in NT. From humno (hymn, song to praise God, religious ode; also used in other faiths as songs that celebrated their gods, heroes, etc.); from hudeo (to celebrate). This is singing a hymn or religious ode, to praise or celebrate God.
^RR “holy” = hagios. From hagnos (holy, sacred, pure ethically, ritually, or ceremonially; prepared for worship, chaste, unadulterated, pure to the core; undefiled by sin; figurative for innocent, modest, perfect). God is totally different from humanity and thus set apart. That which is consecrated to worship God (elements of worship) or to serve God (as the saints) are holy because they are now set apart for God’s purposes. Holy because important to God. This is sacred physically, pure. It can be morally blameless or ceremonially consecrated.
^SS “name” = onoma. May be from ginosko (know, recognize, learn from firsthand experience). This is a name, authority, cause, character, fame, reputation. The name was thought to include something of the essence of the person so it was not thought to be separate from the person.

^TT “praised” = aineo. 8x in NT. From ainos (praise, saying, story, proverb). This is to praise.
^UU “with one accord” = homothumadon. 11x in NT. From homou (together); {from homos (the same)} + thumos (passion, wrath; actions emerging from passion or impulse) {from thuo (to rush along, breathe violently, offer sacrifice)}}. This is having one mind or a shared passion. It is people who share the same desire.
^VV “defending” = hupermachos. From huper (over, above, beyond) + mache (fight, battle, conflict; figuratively, controversy); {from machomai (to fight, strive, dispute, quarrel; to war)}. This is an advocate, champion, or defender. See https://el.glosbe.com/el/en/%CF%85%CF%80%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%82
^WW “hand” = cheir. Perhaps from cheimon (winter, storm – winter as the rainy season); related to the base of chasma (chasm, gap, gulf); from chasko (to yawn). This is the hand in a literal sense. Figuratively, the hand is the means a person uses to accomplish things so it can also mean power, means, or instrument.

^XX “wisdom” = sophia. From sophos (wise, clever, skilled, learned, cultivated); related to saphes (clear). This is skill, wisdom, insight, intelligence, clarity. It is wisdom as applied through a practical skill or shrewdness. It is not thoughtfulness or the mere gaining of intelligence for its own sake. Sophia is wisdom in action for everyday living.
^YY “opened” = anoigo. From ana (up, back, again, among, between, anew) + oigo (to open). This is to open in literal or figurative sense.
^ZZ “mouths” = stoma. Perhaps from tomoteros (sharp, keener); from temno (to cut). This is mouth, speech, language, the tip of a sword, an opening in the ground.
^AAA “mute” = kophos. Related to “labors” in v17. 14x in NT. Perhaps from kopto (see note S above). This is literally blunted or dull. Figuratively, it can be deaf or mute or a person who is deaf or mute.

^BBB “made” = tithemi. This is to put, place, set, fix, establish in a literal or figurative sense. Properly, it is placing something in a passive or horizontal position.
^CCC “tongues” = glossa. Root refers to a point that sticks out. This is tongue in a literal sense, but can also refer to language or a nation that speaks a different language. Figuratively, it can also refer to speaking in tongues or speech inspired by the Spirit.
^DDD “infants” = nepios. 15x in NT– used in 1 Corinthians 13 (“when I was a child…”). This may be from ne (not) + epos (word; by extension, to speak) {from epo (to answer, bring word, command). This is an infant, child, minor, or immature person. It can also be used figuratively for someone who is childish or unlearned.
^EEE “speak clearly” = tranos. This is clear or distinct. See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82