2 Samuel 10

^I {untranslated} = hayah. This is to be or become, to happen.
^II “some time” = ken. Perhaps from kun (properly, in a perpendicular position; literally, to establish, fix, fasten, prepare; figuratively, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous). This is to set upright. Generally used figuratively to mean thus, so, afterwards, rightly so.
^III “afterward” = achar. From achar (to remain behind, linger, continue, be behind, or delay; can also imply procrastination). This is after or the last part, following.

^IV “king” = melek. From malak (to be or become king or queen, to rise to the throne, to be crowned; by implication, to take counsel). This is king or royal.
^V “Ammonites” = ben + Ammon. Ben is from banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense. Ammon is from im (with, against, before, beside); {perhaps from amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together)} OR from am (people or nation; a tribe, troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals); {from amam (see above)}. This is Ammon, which may mean “tribal.”
^VI “died” = mut. This is to die in a literal or figurative sense. It can also refer to being a dead body.

^VII “son” = ben. Same as “Ammonites” in v1. See note V above.
^VIII “Hanun” = Chanun. 11x in OT. From chanan (beseech, show favor, be gracious; properly, to bend in kindness to someone with less status). This is Hanun or Chanun, meaning “favored.”
^IX “succeeded” = malak…tachat. Malak is related to “king” in v1. See note IV above. Tachat is underneath, below, the bottom, instead of.

^X “David” = David. From the same as dod (beloved, love, uncle); the root may mean to boil, which is used figuratively to describe love. So, this implies someone you love such as a friend, a lover, or a close family member like an uncle. David’s name likely means something like “beloved one.”
^XI “said” = amar. This is to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report.
^XII “deal” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.
^XIII “loyally” = chesed. From chasad (being good, kind, merciful; may mean bowing one’s neck as is done in the presence of an equal for courtesy’s sake; so, if one in a superior position is treating you like an equal, that is what is captured here). This is favor, goodness, kindness, loving kindness, pity, reproach, or a good deed. When done by God to humanity, this is mercy/loving kindness. When done by humanity to God, it is piety.

^XIV “Nahash” = Nachash. 9x in OT. From the same as nachash (serpent, snake); from nachash (to divine, interpret omens, learn from experience, observe; to hiss). This is Nahash or Nachash, meaning “serpent” or “bronze” or “oracle.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Nahash.html
^XV “father” = ab. This is father, chief, or ancestor. It is father in a literal or figurative sense.
^XVI “sent” = shalach. This is to send out, away, send for, forsake. It can also mean to divorce or set a slave free.

^XVII {untranslated} = yad. This is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.
^XVIII “envoys” = ebed. From abad (to work, serve, compel; any kind of work; used causatively, can mean to enslave or keep in bondage). This is a servant, slave, or bondservant.
^XIX “console” = nacham. Properly, this is a strong breath or a sigh. This can be to be sorry, to pity, console. Comfort, or repent. But, one can also comfort oneself with less righteous thoughts, so this can also mean to avenge oneself.

^XX “came” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^XXI “land” = erets. Root may mean to be firm. This is earth, ground, field land, or country.
^XXII “princes” = sar. This is chief, leader, ruler, lord, official, governor, prince, military leader. It refers to someone at the top of a rank or class.
^XXIII “lord” = adon. From a root that means ruling or being sovereign. This is lord, master, or owner.

^XXIV “think” = ayin. This is eye in a literal or figurative sense so eye, appearance, favor, or a fountain (the eye of the landscape).
^XXV “really…honoring” = kabad. To be heavy, weighty, or severe. It can also be positive abounding in, rich, or honorable. The Hebrew word for “glory,” kabod, is taken from this root.
^XXVI “condolences” = nacham. Same as “console” in v2. See note XIX above.

^XXVII “to” = abur. From abar (to pass over, pass through, or pass by; cross over or to alienate; used for transitions). This is for, so that, on account of. Properly, it means crossed.
^XXVIII “search” = chaqar. Properly, this means to penetrate. So, it means to thoroughly investigate, examine, ponder, or seek out.
^XXIX “city” = iyr. From uwr (to awaken or wake oneself up). This can mean excitement in the sense of wakefulness or city. Properly, this is a place that is guarded. Guards kept schedules according to watches. This sense of the word would include cities as well as encampments or posts that were guarded.

^XXX “spy…out” = ragal. From regel (foot, endurance, or journey; a foot as the means of walking and so it implies a step or a greater journey; can euphemistically mean private parts). This is to walk along, spy out, slander.
^XXXI “overthrow” = haphak. This is to turn, overturn, change, return, turn over, pervert.
^XXXII Some manuscripts add, “David sent his servants to you” = shalach + David + et + ebed + el. Shalach is the same as “sent” in v2. See note XVI above. David is the same as “David” in v2. See note X above. Ebed is the same as “envoys” in v2. See note XVIII above.

^XXXIII “seized” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^XXXIV “shaved off” = galach. This is to shave, be bald, or figuratively to lay waste.
^XXXV “half” = chatsi. From chatsah (to halve, divide, reach, participate). This is half, middle, midnight, midst.
^XXXVI “beard” = zaqan. 19x in OT. Perhaps from zaqen (to grow old, an old person). This is beard, especially as referring to someone older.

^XXXVII “cut off” = karat. This is to cut down, cut off, or make a covenant (idiom for making a covenant is “to cut a covenant”). It can also mean to destroy, fail, or consume.
^XXXVIII “garments” = madu. 2x in OT. May come from a word that means stretch. It implies a measure and, thus, a garment.
^XXXIX “middle” = chatsi. Same as “half” in v4. See note XXXV above.
^XL “waists” = shethah. 2x in OT. From shith (to place, set, bring, appoint, consider, bring, array or look) OR from the same as sheth (buttocks, hips); {from shaah (to gaze at, gaze around, regard – to look to, especially for help; to consider or be compassionate; to look at in amazement or while confounded)}. This is a surface, expanse, waist, or buttocks.

^XLI “told” = nagad. This is to declare, make conspicuous, stand in front, manifest, predict, explain.
^XLII “meet” = qirah. From the same as qara (to happen, meet, bring about). This is any kind of encounter, whether peaceful, hostile, or incidental. It can also mean help or seek.
^XLIII “men” = enosh. From anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is human, humankind, another. It is mortal.

^XLIV “were” = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note I above.
^XLV “greatly” = meod. Perhaps from the same as uwd (firebrand, a poker). This is very, greatly, exceedingly. It can also mean vehemence, force, abundance.
^XLVI “ashamed” = kalam. This is bearing shame, bringing dishonor or disgrace, humiliate insult, taunt, embarrass, reproach. Properly, to wound in a figurative sense.

^XLVII “remain” = yashab. This is to sit and so to remain and so to dwell. It is sitting for any reason – as a judge, in order to ambush, or just sitting quietly. Causatively, this can mean settling or marrying. This can also mean continue, endure, or establish.
^XLVIII “Jericho” = Yericho. From yareach (moon); {from the same as yerach (month)} OR from ruach (smell, breathe, perceive, anticipate, accept, enjoy). This is Jericho meaning either “moon city” or “fragrant place.”
^XLIX “grown” = tsamach. This is to sprout, grow, or spring up – literal or figurative.
^L “return” = shub. To turn back, return, turn away – literally or figuratively. Doesn’t necessarily imply going back to where you started from. This is also the root verb for the Hebrew word for repentance “teshubah.”

^LI “saw” = raah. This is to see in a literal or figurative sense so stare, advise, think, view.
^LII “became odious” = baash. 18x in OT. This is to stink or be foul. Figuratively, it can refer to offensive behavior – morally odious or loathsome.
^LIII “hired” = sakar. From sakar (to hire, reward, earn). This is wages, payment, service, salary, worth, reward, or benefit.
^LIV “Arameans” = Aram. Perhaps from ‘armon (any fortified building – castle, citadel, palace) OR from rum (to be high, rise, exalt self, extol, be haughty; to rise literally or figuratively). This is Aram, Syria, Mesopotamia – meaning elevated or citadel. See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Aram.html#.XqfDX8hKhPY

^LV “Beth-rehob” = Beth-rechob. Related to “Ammonites” in v1. 2x in OT. From bayit (house, court, family, palace, temple); {from banah (see note V above)} + rechob (a wide, open place like a plaza, square, or avenue); {from rachab (to grow wide or enlarge in a literal or figurative sense; extend, relieve, rejoice, or speak boldly)}. This is Beth-rehob, a place whose name may mean “place of a street” or “house of a street” or “house of wide plaza” or “house of breadth” or “region of wideness” or “place of a market.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Beth-rehob.html
^LVI “Zobah” = Tsoba. 12x in OT. Perhaps from tsaba (to wage war, serve, assemble, fight, perform, muster, wait on) OR from tsabah (to swell, grow, amass like an army). This is Zobah, Tsoba, or Tsobah, which may come from a word meaning to station. So, it is “a station” or “engagement” or “collective” or “beauty” or “depression.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Zobah.html
^LVII “twenty” = esrim. From the same as eser (ten, tenth). This is twenty or twentieth.
^LVIII “thousand” = eleph. Perhaps from the same as eleph (herd, cattle); from alaph (to learn, speak, associate with). This is thousand.

^LIX “foot soldiers” = ragli. Related to “spy…out” in v3. 12x in OT. From the same as regel (see note XXX above). This is on foot or a soldier (as one who goes on foot).
^LX “Maacah” = Maakah. From maak (to pierce, squeeze, stick, handle). This is Maacah or Maakath. It may mean “depression,” “oppression,” or “squeezer.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Maacah.html
^LXI “men” = ish. Related to “men” in v5. Perhaps from enosh (see note XLIII above). This is man, husband, another, or humankind.

^LXII “men” = ish. Same as “men” in v6. See note LXI above.
^LXIII “Tob” = Tob. 4x in OT. From tob (to be pleasing, to be good). This is Tob, a place whose name means “good.”
^LXIV “twelve” = shenayim + asar. Shenayim is from sheni (double, again, another, second); from shanah (to fold, repeat, double, alter, or disguise). This is two, both, second, couple. Asar is related to “twenty” in v6. From the same as eser (see note LVII above). This is -teen or -teenth.
^LXV “men” = ish. Same as “men” in v6. See note LXI above.

^LXVI “heard” = shama. This is to hear, call, consent, or consider. It implies listening intelligently, giving attention, and, because of these two factors, obedience and action are often implied.
^LXVII “Joab” = Yoab. Related to {untranslated} in v1 and to “father” in v2. From YHVH (proper name of the God of Israel; God, Lord; the self-existent or eternal one); {from havah (to become) or hayah (see note I above)}. + ab (see note XV above). This is Joab or Yoab, meaning “the Lord is father.”
^LXVIII “all” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.

^LXIX “army” = tsaba. Related to “Zobah” in v6. From tsaba (see note LVI above). This is a large group of persons (used figuratively for a group of things). It implies a campaign literally as with army, war, warfare, battle, company, soldiers. Can also be used figuratively for hardship or for worship.
^LXX “warriors” = gibbor. From gabar (to be strong or mighty; to prevail or be insolent). This is strong, mighty, or powerful. This can imply a warrior, hero, or tyrant.
^LXXI “came out” = yatsa. This is to go or come out, bring forth, appear. It is to go out in a literal or figurative sense.

^LXXII “battle” = milchamah. From lacham (to eat or feed on; figuratively, to battle as a kind of consumption/destruction). This is battle, war, fighting, or one who fights (i.e. a warrior).
^LXXIII “drew up in…array” = arak. This is to arrange by setting in a row. It can also mean to set a battle, estimate, put in order, or compare.
^LXXIV “entrance” = petach. From patach (to open wide in a literal or figurative sense, loosen, plow, carve). This is opening, door, gate, entrance.
^LXXV “gate” = shaar. May be related to sha’ar (to calculate or reckon; may come from a root that means to open up or split). This is a gate, door, or other opening like a port.

^LXXVI “Rehob” = Rechob. Related to “Beth-rehob” in v6. 10x in OT. From rachab (see note LV above). This is Rehob or Rechob, meaning “width” or “wide place” or “open place” or “open place” or “open space” or “a street” or “market.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Rehob.html
^LXXVII “men” = ish. Same as “men” in v6. See note LXI above.
^LXXVIII “by themselves” = bad. From badad (to divide or be separated; alone, solitary, lonely, isolated, straggler). This is apart, alone, separation, body part, tree branch, except. It can also be a city’s chief.
^LXXIX “open country” = sadeh. From the same as shadday (almighty, field, land); from shadad (to devastate, ruin, destroy, oppress, be powerful). Or, it may be from a word that means to spread out. This is field, ground, soil, or land. It can be used to mean wild as in a wild animal.

^LXXX “in front” = paneh. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.
^LXXXI “in the rear” = paneh + achor. Paneh is the same as “in front” in v9. See note LXXX above. Achor is related to “afterward” in v1. From achar (see note III above). This is the back, behind, backward, time to come. It can also refer to facing to the north or the west.
^LXXXII “chose” = bachar. This is to choose, appoint, try, excellent.

^LXXXIII “some of” = kol. Same as “all” in v7. See note LXVIII above.
^LXXXIV “picked men” = bachur. Related to “chose” in v9. From bachar (see note LXXXII above). This is choice, chosen, selected. It is a youth or young man.
^LXXXV “Israel” = Yisrael. From sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (God or god). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.
^LXXXVI “arrayed” = arak. Same as “drew up in…array” in v8. See note LXXIII above.
^LXXXVII “against” = qirah. Same as “meet” in v5. See note XLII above.

^LXXXVIII “rest” = yether. From yathar (to jut over, remain behind, preserve, to excel). This is a remainder or excess. It can imply abundant or superiority. Additionally, it can be cord a free-hanging rope.
^LXXXIX “troops” = am. Related to “Ammonites” in v1. See note V above.
^XC “put” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.
^XCI “charge” = yad. Same as {untranslated} in v2. See note XVII above.

^XCII “brother” = ach. This is brother, kindred, another, other, like. It is literally brother, but it can also be someone who is similar, resembling, or related to.
^XCIII “Abishai” = Abishay. Related to “father” in v2 & “Joab” in v7. From ab (see note XV above) + shay (gift or present;. something given as an act of homage); {from shavah (to equalize, resemble, agree with, compare, adjust, compose, place, or yield)}. This is Abishai, meaning “my father is Jesse” or “father of a gift,” i.e. “generous.”
^XCIV “against” = qirah. Same as “against” in v5. See note LXXXVII above.

^XCV “are too strong” = chazaq. This is to strengthen, seize, be courageous, repair, bind, heal, conquer, harden.
^XCVI “help” = yasha. To deliver, defend, help, preserve, rescue, be safe. Properly, to be open, wide or free, which implies being safe. Used causatively, it means to free.
^XCVII “come” = halak. This is go, come, walk. It is walk literally and figuratively and includes people and animals. It can be used figuratively for one’s moral life – how we walk according to God’s way or against it. It can also refer to the walk of life as in the course one’s life takes, the choices we make, etc.

^XCVIII “be strong” = chazaq. Same as “are too strong” in v11. See note XCV above.
^XCIX “be courageous” = chazaq. Same as “are too strong” in v11. See note XCV above.
^C “for the sake of” = baad. Perhaps from ad (up to, while); from adah (to pass on, advance, decorate oneself). This is up to, behind, over, among.
^CI “people” = am. Same as “troops” in v10. See note LXXXIX above.
^CII “God” = Elohim. Related to “Israel” in v9. See note LXXXV above.

^CIII “Lord” = YHVH. Related to {untranslated} in v1 & “Joab” in v7. See note LXVII above.
^CIV “do” = asah. Same as “deal” in v2. See note XII above.
^CV “good” = tob. Related to “Tob” in v6. From tob (see note LXIII above). This is good, beautiful, pleasant, agreeable, bountiful, at ease. This word is used for goodness as a concept, a good thing, a good person. This can refer to prosperity and welfare as well as joy, kindness, sweetness, and graciousness. So, this is ethically good, but also enjoyably good.
^CVI “seems…to” = ayin. Same as “think” in v3. See note XXIV above.

^CVII “moved forward” = nagash. This is to draw, bring, or come near. It is approaching for any reason – as an attack on an enemy, in order to worship, to make an argument. It can also be used as a euphemism for sex.
^CVIII “fled” = nus. This is to flee, vanish away, hide, escape, be displayed.
^CIX “before” = paneh. Same as “in front” in v9. See note LXXX above.

^CX “before” = paneh. Same as “in front” in v9. See note LXXX above.
^CXI “entered” = bo. Same as “came” in v2. See note XX above.
^CXII “came” = bo. Same as “came” in v2. See note XX above.
^CXIII “Jerusalem” = Yerushalem. From yarah (to throw, shoot, be stunned; to flow as water so figuratively to instruct or teach) + shalam (to make amends, to be complete or sound). This is Jerusalem, dwelling of peace.

^CXIV “defeated” = nagaph. This is to strike, beat, hurt, stumble, defeat, inflict disease.
^CXV “by” = paneh. Same as “in front” in v9. See note LXXX above.
^CXVI “gathered” = asaph. This is to gather, assemble, or bring. It can also mean to take away, destroy, or remove.
^CXVII “together” = yachad. From yachad (to join, be united). This is a unit, both, altogether, unitedness, alike.

^CXVIII “Hadadezer” = Hadadezer. From Hadad (the name of a foreign god and a personal name; it may mean “fierceness,” “chief,” “most eminent,” “most high, “thunder,” or “shout”); {from the same as hedad (a shout, cheer) or from hadad (to thunder, make a loud sound)} + ezer (help, aid, helper); {from azar (to help, protect, support, ally; properly, to surround so as to provide aid)}. This is Hadadezer, meaning “Hadad is help” or “Hadad is helper.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Hadadezer.html
^CXIX “brought out” = yatsa. Same as “came out” in v8. See note LXXI above.
^CXX “beyond” = eber. Related to “to” in v3. From abar (see note XXVII above). This is the place across or beyond, by, from, other, the opposite side, against, over. It often refers to the other side of the Jordan river or toward the east.
^CXXI “River” = nahar. From nahar (to flow, sparkle, be cheerful). This is a stream, river, or flood. Particularly used for the Nile or Euphrates. Figuratively, this can mean prosperity.

^CXXII “came” = bo. Same as “came” in v2. See note XX above.
^CXXIII “Helam” = Chelam. 2x in OT. From chayil (strength, wealth, ability, activity; a soldier or a company of soldiers; goods; a force of people, means, or goods; valor, virtue, or strength); from chul (to be firm, strong, prosperous; to endure). This is Helam or Chulam, meaning “fortress” or “mighty” or “army.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Helam.html
^CXXIV “Shobach” = Shobak. 2x in OT. Perhaps from sobek (thicket, interlaced branches); {perhaps from sebok (thicket, forest); from sabak (to tangle, entwine)} OR perhaps from the same as Shophak (Shophach, “poured”); {from shaphak (to pour out, gust, or slip; to pour as blood, a drink offering, or molten metal; to create a mound; figuratively, killing or spending money)}. This is Shoback, meaning “thicket” or “poured.”

^CXXV “commander” = sar. Same as “princes” in v3. See note XXII above.
^CXXVI “head” = paneh. Same as “in front” in v9. See note LXXX above.
^CXXVII “crossed” = abar. Related to “to” in v3 & “beyond” in v16. See note XXVII above.
^CXXVIII “Jordan” = Yarden. From yarad (to go down, descend; going down in a literal or figurative sense; going to the shore or a boundary, bringing down an enemy). This is the Jordan River, meaning “descending.”

^CXXIX “came” = bo. Same as “came” in v2. See note XX above.
^CXXX “against” = qirah. Same as “against” in v5. See note LXXXVII above.
^CXXXI “fought” = lacham. Related to “battle” in v8. See note LXXII above.
^CXXXII “before” = paneh. Same as “in front” in v9. See note LXXX above.
^CXXXIII “killed” = harag. This is to strike with deadly intent so it can be kill, destroy, murder, or put to death.

^CXXXIV “seven” = sheba. This is seven or by sevenfold. It can also be used to imply a week or an indefinite number. Symbolically, this is the number of fullness, sacredness, perfection.
^CXXXV “hundred” = meah. This is hundred or some number times one hundred (i.e. hundredfold or the base of two hundred, three hundred, etc.).
^CXXXVI “chariot teams” = rekeb. From rakab (to ride an animal or in some vehicle; also, bringing on a horse). This is a vehicle, wagon, or chariot. It can be cavalry or an individual rider.

^CXXXVII “forty” = arbaim. From the same as arba (four); from raba (to make square or be four-sided); perhaps from raba (to lie down flat; can be to lie for mating). This is forty.
^CXXXVIII “horsemen” = parash. From parash (to make distinct, separate, scatter). This is a horseman or a horse. It doesn’t refer to riding horseback, but with some kind of vehicle, a chariot-driver, cavalry.
^CXXXIX “wounded” = nakah. This is to hit whether lightly or severely. It can be used in a literal or figurative sense. So, this could be beat, punish, give wounds, kill, or slaughter.