2 Samuel 3

^I “was” = hayah. This is to be or become, to happen.
^II “long” = arok. 3x in OT. From arak (to be long in a literal or figurative sense, to continue, defer, draw out, endure, delay). This is long, prolonged, or longer.
^III “war” = milchamah. From lacham (to eat or feed on; figuratively, to battle as a kind of consumption/destruction). This is battle, war, fighting, or one who fights (i.e. a warrior).

^IV “between” = bayin. From bin (to discern, consider, attend to; distinguishing things in one’s mind or, more generally, to understand). This is among, between, interval.
^V “house” = bayit. Probably from banah (to build, make, set up, obtain children; to build literally or figuratively). This is house, court, family, palace, temple.
^VI “Saul” = Shaul. From shaal (to ask, inquire, beg, borrow, desire, request; can also mean demand). This is Saul or Shaul, meaning “asked of the Lord.”

^VII {untranslated} = bayin. Same as “between” in v1. See note IV above.
^VIII “David” = David. From the same as dod (beloved, love, uncle); the root may mean to boil, which is used figuratively to describe love. So, this implies someone you love such as a friend, a lover, or a close family member like an uncle. David’s name likely means something like “beloved one.”
^IX “grew” = halak. This is go, come, walk. It is walk literally and figuratively and includes people and animals. It can be used figuratively for one’s moral life – how we walk according to God’s way or against it. It can also refer to the walk of life as in the course one’s life takes, the choices we make, etc.

^X “stronger and stronger” = chazeq. 2x in OT. From chazaq (to strengthen, seize, be courageous, repair, bind, heal, conquer, harden). This is louder, stronger, powerful.
^XI “became” = halak. Same as “grew” in v1. See note IX above.
^XII “weaker and weaker” = dal. From dalal (to be low, hang, fade, be emptied, become poor, be oppressed). This is lean, weak, needy, poor. Properly, it is one who is dangling.

^XIII “sons” = ben. Related to “house” in v1. From banah (see note V above). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense.
^XIV “were born” = yalad. This is to bear or bring forth. It can mean to act as midwife or to show one’s lineage. This is often used for birth or begetting.
^XV “Hebron” = Chebron. From cheber (company, society, enchantment, wide); from chabar (to unite, ally, attach, touch; to join in a literal or figurative sense; also, specially, using magic knots or spells to fascinate or connect). This is Hebron, meaning “seat of association” or “league.”

^XVI “firstborn” = bekor. From bakar (to bear fruit, be firstborn, firstling, that which opens the womb, give the birthright to). This is firstborn or chief.
^XVII “Amnon” = Amnon. From aman (to believe, endure, fulfill, confirm, support, be faithful, put one’s trust in, be steadfast. Figuratively, this is to be firm, steadfast, or faithful, trusting, believing, being permanent, morally solid). This is Amnon, meaning “faithful.”
^XVIII “Ahinoam” = Achinoam. 7x in OT. From ach (brother, kindred, another, other, like) + noam (pleasantness, beauty, favor, agreeableness, delight, splendor, or grace); {from naem (to be pleasant, beautiful, sweet, or agreeable in a literal or figurative sense)}. This is Achinoam or Ahinoam, meaning “my brother is delight” or “brother of pleasantness” or “kindred to sweetness” or “brother of grace” or “a delightful ally.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ahinoam.html
^XIX “Jezreel” = Yizreelit. 5x in OT. From Yizreeli (Jezreelite); from Yizreel (Jezreel, Yizreel; “God sows” or “God will sow”); {from zara (to sow or scatter seed; conceive or yield) + El (God, a god)}. This is a woman who comes from Jezreel.

^XX “second” = mishneh. From shanah (to fold, repeat, double, alter, or disguise). This is double, second, next, duplicate. It can also be second in rank or age.
^XXI “Chileab” = Kilab. 1x in OT. From kala (to stop in the sense of holding back or restraining; to keep, refuse, forbid, or to prohibit by word) + ab (father, ancestor, grandfather; father in a literal or figurative sense) OR from kalah (to end, be finished, complete, prepare, consume, spent, or completely destroyed) + ab (see above). This is Chileab, which means “restraint of (his) father” or “accomplished of the father.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Chileab.html
^XXII “Abigail” = Abigayil. Related to “Chileab” in v3. 17x in OT. From ab (see note XXI above) + gil (circle, rejoicing, or age); {from gil (properly, twirling around because of a strong feeling – whether of rejoicing or from fear; to rejoice, be glad or joyful, to cry)}. This is Abigail, meaning “my father is joy” or “the father is joyful” or “father of exultation” or “source of joy.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Abigail.html

^XXIII “widow” = ishshah. From ish (man); perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is woman, wife, or female.
^XXIV “Nabal” = Nabal. From nabal (to be foolish, senseless, fall away, faint, wither, to be wicked, disgrace). This is Nabal, meaning “dolt.”
^XXV “Carmel” = Karmeli. 5x in OT. From Karmel (Carmel; “fruitful plentiful field” or “plantation” or “orchard” or “garden”); from the same as kerem (vineyard, garden, vines, or a vintage). This is Carmelite. See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Carmel.html

^XXVI “third” = shelishi. From shalosh (three, fork, triad). This is third or one-third of something.
^XXVII “Absalom” = Abishalom. Related to “Chileab” and “Abigail” in v3. From ab (see note XXI above) + shalom (completeness, soundness, welfare, favor, friend, good health; to be safe and figuratively well, happy, at peace, friendly; abstractly, includes the ideas of welfare and prosperity – not in excessive wealth, but in having enough); {from shalam (to be complete or sound; to have safety mentally, physically, or extending to one’s estate; so, if these things are safe and complete, the implication is that one would be friendly; and, if being friendly, one would make amends and that friendship would be reciprocated)}. This is Absalom or Abishalom, which means “my father is peace” or “father of peace” or “friendly.”
^XXVIII “Maacah” = Maakah. From maak (to pierce, squeeze, stick, handle). This is Maacah or Maakath. It may mean “depression”, “oppression,” or “squeezer.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Maacah.html

^XXIX “daughter” = bat. Related to “house” in v1 & “sons” in v2. From ben (see note XIII above). This is daughter in a literal or figurative sense.
^XXX “King” = melek. From malak (to be or become king or queen, to rise to the throne, to be crowned; by implication, to take counsel). This is king or royal.
^XXXI “Talmai” = Talmay. 6x in OT. From the same as telem (furrow or ridge; root may mean to accumulate). This is Talmai or Talmay, meaning “plowman” or “ridged.”
^XXXII “Geshur” = Geshur. May come from a word that means to join. This is Geshur, a district whose name means “bridge.” It can also be someone from Geshur.

^XXXIII “fourth” = rebii. From the same as arba (four); perhaps from raba (to make something square). This is fourth or square-shaped.
^XXXIV “Adonijah” = Adoniyyahu. Related to “was” in v1. From adon (lord, master, owner) + Yah (the shortened form of the name of the God of Israel; God, Lord); {from YHVH (proper name of the God of Israel; God, Lord; the self-existent or eternal one); from havah (to become) or hayah (see note I above)}. This is Adonijah or Adoniyyahu, meaning “my Lord is the Lord” or “worshipper of the Lord.”
^XXXV “Haggith” = Chaggith. 5x in OT. From Chaggi (Haggi or Chaggi, meaning “festal” “exultation,” or “festive”); from chag (a feast, a sacrifice as part of a festival, or the gathering of the festival); from chagag (feast, celebrating a festival, making a pilgrimage; properly, going in a circle or marching in sacred procession; implies giddiness and dancing; reeling to and fro). This is Haggith or Chaggith, meaning “festal” or “festive.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Haggi.html

^XXXVI “fifth” = chamishi. From chamesh (five). This is fifth or one-fifth.
^XXXVII “Shephatiah” = Shephatyah. Related to “was” in v1 & “Adonijah” in v4. 13x in OT. From shaphat (to judge, defend, pronounce judgment, condemn, govern) + Yah (see note XXXIV above). This is Shephatiah, which means “the Lord has Judged” or “the Lord governs” or “judge of the Lord” or “the Lord has vindicated.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Shephatiah.html
^XXXVIII “Abital” = Abital.  Related to “Chileab” and “Abigail” and “Absalom” in v3. 2x in OT. From ab (see note XXI above) + tal (dew or mist as something that covers plants); {from talal (to cover, roof, strew)}. This is Abital, which means “father of dew” or “my father is (the) dew.” This would imply “fresh.”

^XXXIX “sixth” = shishshi. From shesh (six; figuratively, a surplus since it is one more than the number of fingers on the hand). This is sixth.
^XL “Ithream” = Yithream. 2x in OT. From yether (a remainder or excess; abundant, superiority; a cord a free-hanging rope); {from yathar (to jut over, remain behind, preserve, to excel)} + am (people or nation; a tribe, troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals); {from amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together)}. This is Ithream or Yithream, which means “excellence of people” or “residue of the people” or “exalted of the people” or “rest of the people.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ithream.html
^XLI “wife” = ishshah. Same as “widow” in v3. See note XXIII above.
^XLII “Eglah” = Eglah. 2x in OT. From the same as eglah (female calf, a heifer or cow that is nearly mature); {from egel (male calf as one that frisks about; often one that is almost grown up); may be from the same as agol (round, circular – root meaning revolve)}. This is Eglah, meaning “heifer” or “calf.”

^XLIII {untranslated} = hayah. Same as “was” in v1. See note I above.
^XLIV {untranslated} = bayin. Same as “between” in v1. See note IV above.
^XLV “Abner” = Abner. Related to “Chileab” and “Abigail” and “Absalom” in v3 & “Abital” in v4. From ab (see note XXI above) + ner (properly, to glisten; a lamp, light, burner, candle; light literal or figurative). This is Abner, a name meaning “my father is a lamp,” “father of light,” “enlightening.”
^XLVI “making…strong” = chazaq. Related to “stronger and stronger” in v1. See note X above.

^XLVII “concubine” = pilegesh. This is a concubine or paramour.
^XLVIII “name” = shem. May be from sum (to put, place, set). This is name, fame, renown. A name was thought to indicate something essential about a person – something about their individuality. So, this word can also mean honor, authority, or character.
^XLIX “Rizpah” = Ritspah. 4x in OT. From the same as ritspah (live coal, glowing stone, patterned pavement); from retseph (coal; baking stone); from resheph (a flame, thunderbolt, spark, arrow, fever, plague; earliest sense a burning coal and all other senses derive from that by analogy); perhaps from saraph (to burn or kindle). This is Rizpah or Ritspah, meaning “pieced together” or “cooking stone” or “glowing coal.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Rizpah.html
^L “Aiah” = Ayyah. 6x in OT. From ayyah (a large predatory bird like a hawk, falcon, or vulture); perhaps from iy (alas, woe); from oy (alas, woe, oh!); from avah (to desire, crave, wish for, lust after). This is Aiah, a name meaning “falcon.”

^LI “said” = amar. This is to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report.
^LII “why” = maddua. From mah (what, how long) + yada (to know, be aware, see and so understand – includes observation, care, recognition; can also be used as a euphemism). This is why or how.
^LIII “gone in” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.
^LIV “father’s” = ab. Related to “Chileab” and “Abigail” and “Absalom” in v3 & “Abital” in v4 & “Abner” in v6. See note XXI above.

^LV “words” = dabar. From dabar (to speak, declare, discuss). This is speech, a word, a matter, an affair, charge, command, message, promise, purpose, report, request. It is a word, which implies things that are spoken of in a wide sense.
^LVI “Ishbaal” = Ish-bosheth. Related to “widow” in v3. 11x in OT. From ish (see note XXIII above) + bosheth (shame as a feeling and a thing that creates shame; can also mean humiliation, confusion, or be used specifically for an idol); {from bosh (properly, to be pale, which implies shame, disappointment, or confusion)}. This is Ish-bosheth, which means “man of shame.”
^LVII “very” = meod. Perhaps from the same as uwd (firebrand, a poker). This is very, greatly, exceedingly. It can also mean vehemence, force, abundance.
^LVIII “made…angry” = charah. Perhaps related to charar (to be hot, burn, glow, melt, be scorched; figuratively, to incite passion, be angry). This is to be displeased, burn with anger, glow, become warn. Figuratively it is a blaze of anger, zeal, or jealousy.

^LIX “dog’s” = keleb. This is yelping or attacking. It can also refer to a dog or it can be a term used for a male prostitute.
^LX “head” = rosh. This may come a word that means to shake. It is the head, captain, or chief. It can also be excellent or the forefront. It can be first in position or in statue or in time (i.e. the beginning).
^LXI “Judah” = Yehudah. Probably from yadah (to throw one’s hands into the air in a gesture of praise); from yad (hand). This is Judah, meaning “praised.”

^LXII “today” = yom. Root may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.
^LXIII “showing” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.
^LXIV “loyalty” = chesed. From chasad (being good, kind, merciful; may mean bowing one’s neck as is done in the presence of an equal for courtesy’s sake; so, if one in a superior position is treating you like an equal, that is what is captured here). This is favor, goodness, kindness, loving kindness, pity, reproach, or a good deed. When done by God to humanity, this is mercy/loving kindness. When done by humanity to God, it is piety.

^LXV “brothers” = ach. Related to “Ahinoam” in v2. See note XVIII above.
^LXVI “friends” = merea. 7x in OT– including 3x of Samson’s companions in Judges 14 & 15. From raah (to associate with someone, cultivate). This is friend, adviser, or companion.
^LXVII “given” = matsa. This is to find, catch or acquire. It can also mean to come forth or appear. Figuratively, this can mean to meet or be together with.
^LXVIII “hand” = yad. This is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.

^LXIX “charge” = paqad. This is to attend to or visit – can be used for a friendly or violent encounter. So, it can be to oversee, care for, avenge, or charge.
^LXX “now” = yom. Same as “today” in v8. See note LXII above.
^LXXI “crime” = avon. Perhaps related to avah (to bend, twist, be amiss). This is sin, mischief, guilt, fault, punishment for iniquity, or moral evil.
^LXXII “woman” = ishshah. Same as “widow” in v3. See note XXIII above.

^LXXIII “so” = koh. Perhaps from ki (that, for when, certainly) + hu (he, she, it). This is like this, thus, here, now.
^LXXIV “God” = Elohim. Related to “Jezreel” in v2. See note XIX above.
^LXXV “do” = asah. Same as “showing” in v8. See note LXIII above.
^LXXVI “add” = yasaph. This is to add, increase, continue, exceed.

^LXXVII “Lord” = YHVH. Related to “was” in v1 & “Adonijah” and “Shephatiah” in v4. See note XXXIV above.
^LXXVIII “sworn” = shaba. Perhaps from sheba (seven – the number of perfection/sacred fullness). This is to swear, curse, vow, make a covenant. Properly, it can mean to be complete. This is to seven oneself – as in affirming something so strongly it is as though it were said seven times.
^LXXIX “that” = ken. Perhaps from kun (properly, in a perpendicular position; literally, to establish, fix, fasten, prepare; figuratively, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous). This is to set upright. Generally used figuratively to mean thus, so, afterwards, rightly so.
^LXXX “accomplish” = asah. Same as “showing” in v8. See note LXIII above.

^LXXXI “transfer” = abar. This is to pass over or cross over. It is used for transitions, whether literal or figurative. It can also mean to escape, alienate, or fail. This is the root verb from which “Hebrew” is drawn.
^LXXXII “kingdom” = mamlakah. Related to “King” in v3. From the same as melek (see note XXX above). This is kingdom, dominion, sovereignty, rule. It can also refer to the realm.
^LXXXIII “set up” = qum. To arise, stand, accomplish, establish, abide. This is rising as in rising against, getting up after being sick or asleep, arising from one state to another, becoming powerful, or rising for action. It can also be standing in a figurative sense.

^LXXXIV “throne” = kisse. From the same as kese (full moon); perhaps from kasah (to cover, conceal, overwhelm; to cover as clothes do or to hide a secret). This is throne – a seat that is covered or has a canopy. Thus, it is a seat that conveys authority.
^LXXXV “Israel” = Yisrael. Related to “Jezreel” in v2 & “God” in v9. From sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (see note XIX above). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.
^LXXXVI “Dan” = Dan. From din (to judge, defend, dispute, govern, quarrel, plead). This is Dan or a Danite. It means “judge” and can refer to Dan, his tribe, or the lands of the tribe.
^LXXXVII “Beer-sheba” = Beerah shaba. Related to “sworn” in v9. From beer (a well or pit); {from baar (to make plain; to dig; can also mean to engrave or figuratively to explain)} + perhaps from shaba (see note LXXVIII above). This is Beersheba – meaning either “well of seven” or “well of an oath.”

^LXXXVIII “could” = yakol. This is to be able, endure, overcome, prevail.
^LXXXIX “answer” = shub. To turn back, return, turn away – literally or figuratively. Doesn’t necessarily imply going back to where you started from. This is also the root verb for the Hebrew word for repentance “teshubah.”
^XC “another” = od. From ud (to admonish, repeat, duplicate, testify, restore, record, relieve). This is still, yet, again, more.
^XCI “feared” = yare. This is to fear, be afraid, dreadful. It can also refer to fearful reverence – to fear in a moral sense is to say to revere, respect.

^XCII “sent” = shalach. This is to send out, away, send for, forsake. It can also mean to divorce or set a slave free.
^XCIII “messengers” = malak. This is a messenger, an angel, or a deputy of some kind. Can be used for human messengers literally or for prophets, priests, or teachers as messengers of God. Also used for supernatural messengers i.e. angels.
^XCIV “where” = tachat. This is underneath, below, the bottom, instead of.

^XCV “land” = erets. Root may mean to be firm. This is earth, ground, field land, or country.
^XCVI {untranslated} = amar. Same as “said” in v7. See note LI above.
^XCVII “make” = karat. This is to cut down, cut off, or make a covenant (idiom for making a covenant is “to cut a covenant”). It can also mean to destroy, fail, or consume.
^XCVIII “covenant” = berit. Perhaps from barah (to eat, choose, make clear); perhaps from bar (grain, wheat); from barar (to select, purify, cleanse, test, brighten, polish). This is a compact, covenant, alliance, treaty, or league.

^XCIX {untranslated} = hinneh. From hen (lo! Behold! If, though; an expression of surprise). This is to draw attention, show suddenness or surprise, or to emphasize the importance of the coming statement. See! Lo! Behold!
^C “support” = yad. Same as “hand” in v8. See note LXVIII above.
^CI “bring” = sabab. This is turning around, going around; to surround, cast, walk, fetch. It is to revolve or border in a literal or figurative sense.
^CII “all” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.

^CIII “good” = tob. From tob (to be pleasing, to be good). This is good, beautiful, pleasant, agreeable, bountiful, at ease. This word is used for goodness as a concept, a good thing, a good person. This can refer to prosperity and welfare as well as joy, kindness, sweetness, and graciousness. So, this is ethically good, but also enjoyably good.
^CIV “but” = ak. Related to “that” in v9. Related to aken (surely, truly, nevertheless); from kun (see note LXXIX above). This is a positive statement – surely, also, certainly, alone, only.
^CV “one” = echad. Perhaps from achad (to unify, continue on a path; figuratively, to gather one’s thoughts). This is the number one, first, united. It can also be alone, altogether, a certain, a few.
^CVI “thing” = dabar. Same as “words” in v8. See note LV above.

^CVII “require” = shaal. Related to “Saul” in v1. See note VI above.
^CVIII {untranslated} = amar. Same as “said” in v7. See note LI above.
^CIX “appear” = raah. This is to see in a literal or figurative sense so stare, advise, think, view.
^CX “presence” = paneh. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.
^CXI {untranslated} = paneh. Same as “presence” in v13. See note CX above.
^CXII “bring” = bo. Same as “gone in” in v7. See note LIII above.

^CXIII “Michal” = Mikal. Related to “could” in v11 and “Jezreel” in v2 & “God” in v9. 18x in OT. Perhaps from the same as mikal (stream, container, brook); {from yakol (see note LXXXVIII above)} OR from mi (who) + k– (like) + El (see note XIX above). This is Michal, whose name may mean “rivulet” or “who is like God” or “what is like God?” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Michal.html
^CXIV “come” = bo. Same as “gone in” in v7. See note LIII above.
^CXV “see” = raah. Same as “appear” in v13. See note CIX above.
^CXVI {untranslated} = paneh. Same as “presence” in v13. See note CX above.

^CXVII “give” = natan. This is to give, put, set, offer. It is to give literally or figuratively.
^CXVIII “became engaged” = aras. 11x in OT. This is to betroth or engage for marriage.
^CXIX “one hundred” = meah. This is hundred or some number times one hundred (i.e. hundredfold or the base of two hundred, three hundred, etc.).
^CXX “foreskins” = orlah. 16x in OT. Perhaps from arel (uncircumcised, unskilled, exposed, forbidden); from arel (to strip or expose, restrain; to remove in a literal or figurative sense). This is foreskin or uncircumcised. It can also mean forbidden.
^CXXI “Philistines” = Pelishti. From Pelesheth (Philistia); from palash (to mourn, wallow, maybe roll in). This is Philistines. Their name may mean “griever” or “burrower” or “weakener.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Philistine.html.

^CXXII “took” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^CXXIII “husband” = ish. Related to “widow” in v3 & “Ishbaal” in v8. See note XXIII above.
^CXXIV “Paltiel” = Paltiel. Related to “Jezreel” in v2 & “God” in v9 & “Israel” in v10. 2x in OT. From palat (to escape, slip out, deliver, calve) + El (see note XIX above). This is Paltiel, meaning “deliverance of God” or “God has delivered.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Paltiel.html
^CXXV “Laish” = Layish. 7x in OT. From the same as layish (lion – as a creature that crushes); from lush (to knead). This is Laish, a city whose name means “lion.”

^CXXVI “went” = halak. Same as “grew” in v1. See note IX above.
^CXXVII “weeping” = bakah. This is to weep, complain, or lament.
^CXXVIII “walked” = halak. Same as “grew” in v1. See note IX above.
^CXXIX “behind” = achar. From achar (to remain behind, linger, continue, be behind, or delay; can also imply procrastination). This is after or the last part, following.
^CXXX “Bahurim” = Bachurim. 5x in OT. From bachur (choice, chosen, selected; a youth or young man); from bachar (to choose, appoint, try, excellent). This is Bahurim or Bachurim, meaning “young men” or “young men’s village” or “the preferred ones” or “village of young men.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Bahurim.html

^CXXXI “go” = halak. Same as “grew” in v1. See note IX above.
^CXXXII “back home” = shub. Same as “answer” in v11. See note LXXIX above.
^CXXXIII “went back” = shub. Same as “answer” in v11. See note LXXIX above.
^CXXXIV “sent” = hayah. Same as “was” in v1. See note I above.
^CXXXV “elders” = zaqen. From the same as zaqan (beard or chin – the beard represents old age). This is old, aged, or elder.

^CXXXVI “for some time past” = gam + temol + gam + shilshom. Gam is also, moreover, again. Temol may be from ethmol (formerly, before, yesterday, time); {from et (with, among, beside, including, toward, near); from anah (to meet, happen, approach)} + mul (front, opposite, toward); {from mul (to cut short, circumcise, blunt, destroy)}. This is ago, recently, yesterday, past. Shilshom is related to “third” in v3. From shalash (to make triplicate, do a third time); from the same as shalosh (see note XXVI above). This is three days ago, before, yesterday in the past.
^CXXXVII “have” = hayah. Same as “was” in v1. See note I above.
^CXXXVIII “seeking” = baqash. This is to seek, ask, desire, or request. It can be any kind of searching. It can also mean to worship or pray – implies a striving for.

^CXXXIX “now then” = attah. Related to “for some time past” in v17. Perhaps from et (a period or season; whenever or continually); probably from anah (see note CXXXVI above). This is now, from now on.
^CXL “bring…about” = asah. Same as “showing” in v8. See note LXIII above.
^CXLI “promised” = amar. Same as “said” in v7. See note LI above.
^CXLII {untranslated} = amar. Same as “said” in v7. See note LI above.
^CXLIII {untranslated} = yad. Same as “hand” in v8. See note LXVIII above.
^CXLIV “servant” = ebed. From abad (to work, serve, compel; any kind of work; used causatively, can mean to enslave or keep in bondage). This is a servant, slave, or bondservant.

^CXLV “save” = yasha. To deliver, defend, help, preserve, rescue, be safe. Properly, to be open, wide or free, which implies being safe. Used causatively, it means to free.
^CXLVI “people” = am. Related to “Ithream” in v5. See note XL above.
^CXLVII {untranslated} = yad. Same as “hand” in v8. See note LXVIII above.
^CXLVIII “enemies” = oyeb. From ayab (to hate or be hostile to). This is a foe or enemy as one that you are hostile to.

^CXLIX “also” = gam. Same as “for some time past” in v17. See note CXXXVI above.
^CL “spoke” = dabar. Related to “words” in v8. See note LV above.
^CLI “directly” = ozen. This is ear, hearing, audience, show. Properly, it is broadness – applied to its ear in reference to its shape.
^CLII “Benjaminites” = Binyamin. Related to “house” in v1 & “sons” in v2 & “daughter” in v3. From ben (see note XIII above) + from yamin (right hand or side; that which is stronger or more agile; the south); {perhaps yamam (to go or choose the right, use the right hand; to be physically fit or firm)}. This is Benjamin, meaning “son of the right hand.” It could refer to Benjamin himself, his offspring, their tribe, or their territory.

^CLIII “then” = gam. Same as “for some time past” in v17. See note CXXXVI above.
^CLIV “went” = halak. Same as “grew” in v1. See note IX above.
^CLV “tell” = dabar. Same as “spoke” in v19. See note CL above.
^CLVI {untranslated} = ozen. Same as “directly” in v19. See note CLI above.
^CLVII {untranslated} = ayin. Same as “were ready to do” in v19. See note CLVIII below.
^CLVIII “whole” = kol. Same as “all” in v12. See note CII above.
^CLIX “were ready to do” = tob + ayin. Tob is the same as “good” in v13. See note CIII above. Ayin is eye in a literal or figurative sense so eye, appearance, favor, or a fountain (the eye of the landscape).

^CLX “twenty” = esrim. From the same as eser (ten, tenth). This is twenty or twentieth.
^CLXI “men” = ish. Same as “husband” in v15. See note CXXIII above.
^CLXII “made” = asah. Same as “showing” in v8. See note LXIII above.
^CLXIII “feast” = mishteh. From shathah (to drink literally or figuratively; a drinker). This is drink or the act of drinking. So it is a feast or banquet, as occasions with drinking.

^CLXIV “go” = qum + halak. Qum is the same as “set up” in v10. See note LXXXIII above. Halak is the same as “grew” in v1. See note IX above.
^CLXV “rally” = qabats. This is to collect, assemble, heap, grasp, or gather.
^CLXVI “lord” = adon. Related to “Adonijah” in v4. See note XXXIV above.
^CLXVII “make” = karat. Same as “make” in v12. See note XCVII above.
^CLXVIII “reign” = malak. Related to “King” in v3 & “kingdom” in v10. See note XXX above.

^CLXIX “heart” = nephesh. Related to naphash (to refresh or be refreshed). This is soul, self, person, emotion. It is a breathing creature. Can also refer to appetites and desires.
^CLXX “desires” = avah. Related to “Aiah” in v7. See note L above.
^CLXXI “dismissed” = shalach. Same as “sent” in v12. See note XCII above.
^CLXXII “went away” = halak. Same as “grew” in v1. See note IX above.
^CLXXIII “peace” = shalom. Related to “Absalom” in v3. See note XXVII above.

^CLXXIV “just then” = hinneh. Same as {untranslated} in v12. See note XCIX above.
^CLXXV “arrived” = bo. Same as “gone in” in v7. See note LIII above.
^CLXXVI “Joab” = Yoab. Related to “was” in v1 & “Adonijah” and “Shephatiah” in v4 & “Lord” in v9 and to “Chileab” and “Abigail” and “Absalom” in v3 & “Abital” in v4 & “Abner” in v6 & “father’s” in v7. From YHVH (see note XXXIV above) + ab (see note XXI above). This is Joab or Yoab, meaning “the Lord is father.”
^CLXXVII “raid” = gedud. From gadad (to cut, gather, assemble, crowd; also, to gash as pushing in). This is a crowd, but generally used to refer to soldiers. So, it is a band, troop, or company. It can also be a group of robbers.

^CLXXVIII “bringing” = bo. Same as “gone in” in v7. See note LIII above.
^CLXXIX “much” = rab. From rabab (increasing in any aspect whether quantity, authority, size, quality, greatness, etc.). This is abundance, many, elder, exceedingly, great. It refers to abundance of amount, rank, or status.
^CLXXX “spoil” = shalal. From shalal (to plunder, loot, capture). This is spoil, prey, or plunder.
^CLXXXI “not” = ayin. Perhaps from a word that means to be nothing. This means nothing, none, non-existent. It can also simply mean not or are not.

^CLXXXII “army” = tsaba. From tsaba (to wage war, serve, assemble, fight, perform, muster, wait on). This is a large group of persons (used figuratively for a group of things). It implies a campaign literally as with army, war, warfare, battle, company, soldiers. Can also be used figuratively for hardship or for worship.
^CLXXXIII “told” = nagad. This is to declare, make conspicuous, stand in front, manifest, predict, explain.
^CLXXXIV {untranslated} = amar. Same as “said” in v7. See note LI above.
^CLXXXV “Ner” = Ner. Related to “Abner” in v6. 16x in OT. From the same as ner (see note XLV above). This is Ner, meaning “lamp.”
^CLXXXVI “came” = bo. Same as “gone in” in v7. See note LIII above.

^CLXXXVII “went” = bo. Same as “gone in” in v7. See note LIII above.
^CLXXXVIII {untranslated} = hinneh. Same as {untranslated} in v12. See note XCIX above.
^CLXXXIX “got away” = halak + halak. Same as “grew” in v1. See note IX above. The word is repeated twice – the second time as an Infinitive Absolute. The Infinitive Absolute serves to emphasize the sentiment of the word. It is rather like Foghorn Leghorn’s speech pattern, “I said, I said.”
^CXC “know” = yada. Related to “why” in v7. See note LII above.
^CXCI “came” = bo. Same as “gone in” in v7. See note LIII above.
^CXCII “deceive” = pathah. This is to be wide, open, or roomy. Figuratively, it can mean to be simple. Alternately, it can mean to delude, deceive, entice, or flatter.

^CXCIII “learn” = yada. Same as “know” in v25. See note CXC above.
^CXCIV “comings” = motsa. From yatsa (to go or come out, bring forth, appear; to go out in a literal or figurative sense). This is going forth as an act or the site from which something goes forth. It could mean exiting a place or the place where one exits. It can also be a source or a produce. Specifically, it can be a spring or fountain, the dawn as the rising of the sin, an export, gate mine, and so on.
^CXCV “goings” = mabo. Related to “gone in” in v7. From bo (see note LIII above). This is entrance, coming in – the process of entering or the place of entrance. It can also mean the setting of the sun i.e. the west.

^CXCVI “came out” = yatsa. Related to “comings” in v25. See note CXCIV above.
^CXCVII “after” = achar. Same as “behind” in v16. See note CXXIX above.
^CXCVIII “brought…back” = shub. Same as “answer” in v11. See note LXXIX above.
^CXCIX “cistern” = bor. Related to “Beer-sheba” in v10. From baar (see note LXXXVII above). This is a pit – generally a cistern or dungeon. It could also be a well or fountain.
^CC “Sirah” = Sirah. 1x in OT. Perhaps from sur (to turn aside in a literal or figurative sense – to depart, decline, rebel, remove, or withdraw) OR from sir (pot, vessel) OR from sarar (to rebel). This is Sirah, which may mean “departure” or “turning aside” or “rebellion” or “pot.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Sirah.html

^CCI “returned” = shub. Same as “answer” in v11. See note LXXIX above.
^CCII “took” = natah. This is to stretch or spread out, to extend, or bend. In can also imply moral deflection.
^CCIII “aside” = tavek. This is among, middle, in the midst, the center. Perhaps, properly, to sever.
^CCIV “gateway” = shaar. May be related to sha’ar (to calculate or reckon; may come from a root that means to open up or split). This is a gate, door, or other opening like a port.
^CCV “privately” = sheli. 1x in OT. From shalah (to be quiet, safe, tranquil; can imply success or happiness; could also mean to deceive or be negligent). This is mine, quietly, or privately.

^CCVI “stabbed” = nakah. This is to hit whether lightly or severely. It can be used in a literal or figurative sense. So, this could be beat, punish, give wounds, kill, or slaughter.
^CCVII “stomach” = chomesh. 4x in OT– all in 2 Samuel. May come from a word that means being stout. This is one-fifth or stomach.
^CCVIII “died” = mut. This is to die in a literal or figurative sense. It can also refer to being a dead body.
^CCIX “blood” = dam. Perhaps from damam (to cease, be or become mute, silent, still, cut off, hold peace, be astonished, die). This is blood, bloodshed, bloodguilt, lifeblood, and death. It is used for people and animals. More often blood from a wound or the blood of the innocent. Used figuratively for violence or for wine. Closely tied to life and death.
^CCX “Asahel” = Asahel. Related to “Jezreel” in v2 & “God” in v9 & “Israel” in v10 & “Paltiel” in v15. 18x in OT. From asah (see note LXIII above) + El (see note XIX above). This is Asahel, which means “God has made” or “made by God.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Asahel.html

^CCXI “afterward” = achar + ken. Achar is the same as “behind” in v16. See note CXXIX above. Ken is the same as “that” in v9. See note LXXIX above.
^CCXII “heard” = shama. This is to hear, call, consent, or consider. It implies listening intelligently, giving attention, and, because of these two factors, obedience and action are often implied.
^CCXIII “forever” = ad + olam. Ad is from adah (to advance or continue; to take away or remove; adorning oneself with ornaments). This is old, perpetuity, eternity. It is a duration going back or forward. Olam is a long scope of time whether in the past (antiquity, ancient time) or in the future (eternal, everlasting).
^CCXIV “guiltless” = naqiy. From naqah (to be empty, cleanse, acquit; to be clean in a literal or figurative sense). This is blameless, innocent, free from punishment, or clear.
^CCXV “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v9. See note LXXVII above.

^CCXVI “fall” = chul. This is whirling around so dancing as in a circle or writhing in pain. It is used particularly for the pain of childbirth or from writhing due to fear. It can also be falling in pain or waiting.
^CCXVII “be” = karat. Same as “make” in v12. See note XCVII above.
^CCXVIII “never…without” = al. This is not, never, nothing.
^CCXIX “discharge” = zub. This is to flow or gush. It is to flow like water or overflow. It can also be discharge, pine, waste away, or have a sexual flow.

^CCXX “defiling skin disease” = tsara. From tsaraath (leprosy or a mark). This is to have leprosy or be a leper.
^CCXXI “holds” = chazaq. Same as “making…strong” in v6. See note XLVI above.
^CCXXII “spindle” = pelek. 10x in OT. It may come from a root that means being round. This is a spindle, crutch or district.

^CCXXIII “falls” = naphal. This is to fall, whether by accident, to fall prostrate, or to fall in violent death. Figuratively, it can refer to personal ruin or calamity, a city falling, an attack or a falling away. It can also be a deep sleep or wasting away.
^CCXXIV “sword” = chereb. From charab (to attack, slay). This is any sharp instrument like a sword, dagger, axe, or mattock.
^CCXXV “lacks” = chaser. 19x in OT. From chaser (to lack, need, become empty, to fail). This is needy, lacking, without, void, or destitute. This is “I shall not want” from Psalm 23:1.
^CCXXVI “food” = lechem. Related to “war” in v1. From lacham (see note III above). This is bread, food, loaf. It can refer to food more generally for people or for animals.

^CCXXVII “Abishai” = Abishay. Related to “Chileab” and “Abigail” and “Absalom” in v3 & “Abital” in v4 & “Abner” in v6 & “father’s” in v7 & “Joab” in v22. From ab (see note XXI above) + shay (a gift or present; something given as an act of homage); {from shavah (to equalize, resemble, agree with, compare, adjust, compose, place, or yield)}. This is Abishai, meaning “my father is Jesse” or “father of a gift,” which implies being generous.
^CCXXVIII “murdered” = harag. This is to strike with deadly intent so it can be kill, destroy, murder, or put to death.
^CCXXIX “killed” = mut. Same as “died” in v27. See note CCVIII above.
^CCXXX “battle” = milchamah. Same as “war” in v1. See note III above.
^CCXXXI “Gibeon” = Gibon. From the same as Geba (Geba or Gibeah; hillock); from the same as gabia (cup, bowl, flower; root might mean being convex). This is Gibeon or Gibon, meaning hilly.

^CCXXXII “tear” = qara. This is to tear or cut out in a literal or figurative sense. It can also be to revile or to apply eye make up – as though they are made to look larger.
^CCXXXIII “clothes” = beged. From bagad (to cover or conceal; figuratively, to act in a covert or treacherous way, to transgress or pillage). This is clothing, garment, robe, or some other kind of clothing. Figuratively, it can be treachery or pillaging.
^CCXXXIV “put on” = chagar. This is to gird, bind, or arm. Generally, it is using a belt to gather up one’s garment so that it’s easier to run or move quickly.
^CCXXXV “sackcloth” = saq. Perhaps from shaqaq (to run, rush; to pursue like a predator; to search for with greed or appetite). This is sack or sackcloth. It is a mesh fabric used for bags or clothes. It is used as clothing for times of grief or humiliation. It is perhaps the same root that the word “sack” comes from.

^CCXXXVI “mourn” = saphad. This is to wail, mourn. Properly, it is lamenting by tearing one’s hair and beating one’s chest. It implies wailing.
^CCXXXVII “over” = paneh. Same as “presence” in v13. See note CX above.
^CCXXXVIII “followed” = halak + achar. Halak is the same as “grew” in v1. See note IX above. Achar is the same as “behind” in v16. See note CXXIX above.
^CCXXXIX “bier” = mittah. Related to “took” in v27. From natah (see note CCII above). This is a couch or bed that is spread out to sleep on or for eating. It can also refer to a litter or a bier.

^CCXL “buried” = qabar. This is to bury or inter. It could also refer to the person who does the burying.
^CCXLI “lifted up” = nasa. This is to lift in a broad sense, literally and figuratively. So it could be to carry, take, or arise. It could also be bring forth, advance, accept.
^CCXLII “voice” = qol. This is a sound, used often for human voices. Also used when God speaks or angels, animals or instruments. It can be a cry or a noise, thunder or earthquakes and so on.
^CCXLIII “grave” = qeber. Related to “buried” in v32. From qabar (see note CCXL above). This is a place where one is buried such as a grave or tomb.

^CCXLIV “lamented” = qonen. 8x in OT. From qinah (dirge, lamentation; could be a lament with instruments or done while beating one’s breasts). This is a chant or song of lament – the wail during a funeral. It can also refer to mourning women.
^CCXLV “fool” = nabal. Related to “Nabal” in v3. 18x in OT. See note XXIV above.
^CCXLVI “bound” = asar. This is to tie, yoke, bind, or fasten. It can mean to harness an animal, to join in fighting a battle, or to imprison someone.

^CCXLVII “feet” = regel. This is foot, endurance, or journey. It is a foot as the means of walking and so it implies a step or a greater journey. It can be used euphemistically for private parts.
^CCXLVIII “fettered” = nechosheth + nagash. Nechosheth is perhaps from nechushah (copper, bronze, brass – something made from this metal like a coin or fetter; something that is considered base in contrast to gold or silver.; from nachush (made of bronze or brass, coppery; figuratively, hard); from nachash (to divine, interpret omens, learn from experience, observe; to hiss). This is bronze, copper, steel, brass or something made from copper. So, it could be a coin or chains. It can also figuratively mean something considered lesser in contrast to gold or silver. Nagash is to draw, bring, or come near. It is approaching for any reason – as an attack on an enemy, in order to worship, to make an argument. It can also be used as a euphemism for sex.

^CCXLIX “falls” = naphal. Same as “falls” in v29. See note CCXXIII above.
^CCL “before” = paneh. Same as “presence” in v13. See note CX above.
^CCLI “wicked” = ben + evel. Ben is the same as “sons” in v2. See note XIII above. Evel is perhaps from aval (to deal unjustly, act in a wrongful way, a wrongdoer). This is injustice, wrong, moral evil, acts of violence, or unrighteousness.
^CCLII “fallen” = naphal. Same as “falls” in v29. See note CCXXIII above.

^CCLIII “again” = yasaph. Same as “add” in v9. See note LXXVI above.
^CCLIV “persuade…to eat” = barah. Related to “covenant” in v12. 6x in OT. See note XCVIII above.
^CCLV “something” = lechem. Same as “food” in v29. See note CCXXVI above.
^CCLVI “still” = od. Same as “another’ in v11. See note XC above.
^CCLVII “day” = yom. Same as “today” in v8. See note LXII above.

^CCLVIII “more” = koh + yasaph. Koh is the same as “so” in v9. See note LXXIII above. Yasaph is the same as “add” in v9. See note LXXVI above.
^CCLIX “taste” = taam. 11x in OT. This is to taste, sense, or figuratively to perceive.
^CCLX “bread” = lechem. Same as “food” in v29. See note CCXXVI above.
^CCLXI “anything else” = kol + meumah. Kol is “all” in v12. See note CII above. Meumah is from the same as mum (defect – an ethical one or a literal bodily one). Its root may mean to stain. This can mean a speck or fault. More broadly, it can also refer to anything or nothing.

^CCLXII “before” = paneh. Same as “presence” in v13. See note CX above.
^CCLXIII “sun” = shemesh. This is sun or toward the east. Its root may mean being brilliant. Figuratively, this could be a ray or an arch.
^CCLXIV “goes down” = bo. Same as “gone in” in v7. See note LIII above.
^CCLXV “took notice” = nakar. This is to recognize, examine, take notice, show, scrutinize. It is looking at something in a fixed way, showing perhaps respect or reverence. Alternately, it can show gazing with suspicion. Also, it can mean being strange towards someone or something and rejecting or ignoring it.

^CCLXVI “pleased” = yatab. This is to be good or pleasing, joyful. It can also mean doing good in an ethical sense or be beautiful, happy, successful, or right.
^CCLXVII {untranslated} = ayin. Same as “were ready to do” in v19. See note CLIX above.
^CCLXVIII “just as” = kol. Same as “all” in v12. See note CII above.
^CCLXIX “pleased” = ayin. Same as “were ready to do” in v19. See note CLIX above.

^CCLXX “understood” = yada. Same as “know” in v25. See note CXC above.
^CCLXXI “had…part” = hayah. Same as “was” in v1. See note I above.
^CCLXXII “prince” = sar. This is chief, leader, ruler, lord, official, governor, prince, military leader. It refers to someone at the top of a rank or class.
^CCLXXIII “great man” = gadol. From gadal (to grow up, become great, become wealthy – to advance. The root meaning may be to twist in the sense of the process of growing). This is great, high, bigger, noble, old, marvelous. It can also refer to someone who is powerful or distinguished.
^CCLXXIV “fallen” = naphal. Same as “falls” in v29. See note CCXXIII above.

^CCLXXV “powerless” = rak. 16x in OT. From rakak (to be tender, soft, faint, weak; to soften or mollify). This is tender in a literal or figurative sense. It could be delicate, gentle, inexperienced, refined, soft, or weak.
^CCLXXVI “anointed” = mashach. This is smear, paint, spread, or paint. It can also be to rub with oil or, otherwise stated, to anoint. This implies a consecration. This root verb is where the word “messiah” comes from.
^CCLXXVII “Zeruiah” = Tseruyah. Related to “was” in v1 & “Adonijah” and “Shephatiah” in v4 & “Lord” in v9 & “Joab” in v22. From the same as tsori (root might be to crack as under pressure, to leak; gum from the balsam tree – perhaps commiphora gileadensis) + Yah (see note XXXIV above) OR tsur (rock, stone, cliff, boulder, rocky; a refuge, God); {from tsur (to confine, cramp, or bind in a literal or figurative sense; to besiege, assault, or distress)} + Yah (see above). This is Zeruiah, meaning “wounded” or “balsam of the Lord” or “his rock is the Lord.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Zeruiah.html & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balsam & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balm_of_Gilead.
^CCLXXVIII “too violent” = qasheh. From qashah (to be fierce, cruel, dense, tough, severe). This is hard, severe, heavy, obstinate, hard-hearted.

^CCLXXIX “Lord” = YHVH. Same as “Lord” in v9. See note LXXVII above.
^CCLXXX “pay back” = shalam. Related to “Absalom” in v3 & “peace” in v21. See note XXVII above.
^CCLXXXI “wickedly” = ra’. From ra’a’ (to be evil, bad, afflict; properly, to spoil – to destroy by breaking into pieces; figuratively, to cause something to be worthless; this is bad in a physical, social, or moral sense; that which displeases, to do harm or mischief, to punish or vex). This is bad, disagreeable, that which causes pain, misery, something having little or no value, something that is ethically bad, wicked, injury, calamity. This refers to anything that is not what it ought to be – a natural disaster, a disfigurement, an injury, a sin.
^CCLXXXII “wickedness” = ra’. Same as “wickedly” in v39. See note CCLXXXI above.