2 Samuel 5

^I “all” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.
^II “tribes” = shebet. This is a rod, staff, club, scepter, dart, or tribe. Literally a stick that can be used for punishing, writing, fighting, walking, ruling; thus, used figuratively for a clan.
^III “Israel” = Yisrael. From sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (God or god). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.
^IV “came” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.

^V “David” = David. From the same as dod (beloved, love, uncle); the root may mean to boil, which is used figuratively to describe love. So, this implies someone you love such as a friend, a lover, or a close family member like an uncle. David’s name likely means something like “beloved one.”
^VI “Hebron” = Chebron. From cheber (company, society, enchantment, wide); from chabar (to unite, ally, attach, touch; to join in a literal or figurative sense; also, specially, using magic knots or spells to fascinate or connect). This is Hebron, meaning “seat of association” or “league.”
^VII “said” = amar. This is to speak, say, answer, command, promise, report.
^VIII {untranslated} = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note VII above.

^IX “look” = hen. This is a remark of surprise or excitement: lo! Behold! It can also mean if or though.
^X “bone” = etsem. From atsam (vast, numerous, strong; to close one’s eyes, to make powerful; to break bones). This is self, life, strength, bone, or substance.
^XI “flesh” = basar. From basar (being a messenger, publish, carry preach; properly, this is being fresh, rosy or cheerful as one bearing news). This is flesh, the body, fat, skin, self, nakedness, humankind, or kin. It can also refer to private parts.

^XII “for some time” = gam + ethmol + gam + shilshom. Gam is also, moreover, again. Ethmol is 8x in OT. From et (with, among, beside, including, toward, near); {from anah (to meet, happen, approach)} + mul (front, opposite, toward); {from mul (to cut short, circumcise, blunt, destroy)}. This is formerly, before, yesterday, time. Shilshom is from shalash (to make triplicate, do a third time); from the same as shalosh (three, fork, three times). This is three days ago, before, yesterday in the past.
^XIII “Saul” = Shaul. From shaal (to ask, inquire, beg, borrow, desire, request; can also mean demand). This is Saul or Shaul, meaning “asked of the Lord.”
^XIV “was” = hayah. This is to be or become, to happen.
^XV “king” = melek. From malak (to be or become king or queen, to rise to the throne, to be crowned; by implication, to take counsel). This is king or royal.

^XVI “led out” = yatsa. This is to go or come out, bring forth, appear. It is to go out in a literal or figurative sense.
^XVII “brought…in” = bo. Same as “came” in v1. See note IV above.
^XVIII “Lord” = YHVH. Related to “was” in v2. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (see note XIV above). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.

^XIX “be shepherd” = ra’ah. This is to tend a flock, pasture, or graze. It can mean to rule or to associate with someone. Figuratively, it can be ruler or teacher.
^XX “people” = am. From amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together). This is people or nation. It can be used specifically for a tribe, collectively of troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals.
^XXI “ruler” = nagid. From nagad (this is to declare, make conspicuous, stand in front, manifest, predict, explain). This is a commander or leader as the one who stands at the front, whether in a military, religious, or civic setting. It can also mean honorable or noble in an abstract sense.

^XXII “elders” = zaqen. From the same as zaqan (beard or chin – the beard represents old age). This is old, aged, or elder.
^XXIII “made” = karat. This is to cut down, cut off, or make a covenant (idiom for making a covenant is “to cut a covenant”). It can also mean to destroy, fail, or consume.
^XXIV “covenant” = berit. Perhaps from barah (to eat, choose, make clear); perhaps from bar (grain, wheat); from barar (to select, purify, cleanse, test, brighten, polish). This is a compact, covenant, alliance, treaty, or league.
^XXV “before” = paneh. From panah (to turn, face, appear). This is face in a literal or figurative sense. It could be face, presence, anger, respect. It can also be used of God to indicate divine favor or presence.
^XXVI “anointed” = mashach. This is smear, paint, spread, or paint. It can also be to rub with oil or, otherwise stated, to anoint. This implies a consecration. This root verb is where the word “messiah” comes from.

^XXVII “thirty” = sheloshim. Perhaps related to “for some time” in v2. From the same as shalosh (see note XII above). This is thirty or thirtieth.
^XXVIII “years” = shanah. From shana (to change, alter). This is a year, age, old. It can also mean yearly.
^XXIX “old” = ben. From banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense.
^XXX “began to reign” = malak. Related to “king” in v2. See note XV above.
^XXXI “forty” = arbaim. From the same as arba (four); from raba (to make square or be four-sided); perhaps from raba (to lie down flat; can be to lie for mating). This is forty.

^XXXII “Judah” = Yehudah. Probably from yadah (to throw one’s hands into the air in a gesture of praise); from yad (hand). This is Judah, meaning “praised.”
^XXXIII “seven” = sheba. This is seven or by sevenfold. It can also be used to imply a week or an indefinite number. Symbolically, this is the number of fullness, sacredness, perfection.
^XXXIV “six” = shesh. This is six. Figuratively, it can be a surplus since it is one more than the number of fingers on the hand.

^XXXV “months” = chodesh. From chadash (to renew, repair). This refers to a new moon. It can also mean monthly.
^XXXVI “Jerusalem” = Yerushalaim. From yarah (to throw, shoot, be stunned; to flow as water so figuratively to instruct or teach) + shalam (to make amends, to be complete or sound). This is Jerusalem, dwelling of peace.
^XXXVII “three” = shalosh. Perhaps related to “for some time” in v2 & “thirty” in v4. See note XII above.

^XXXVIII “men” = ish. Perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is man, husband, another, or humankind.
^XXXIX “marched” = halak. This is go, come, walk. It is walk literally and figuratively and includes people and animals. It can be used figuratively for one’s moral life – how we walk according to God’s way or against it. It can also refer to the walk of life as in the course one’s life takes, the choices we make, etc.
^XL “Jebusites” = Yebusi. From yebus (threshing place; one of the former names of Jerusalem); from bus (to trample down, tread in a literal or figurative sense; to loathe, pollute, squirm). This is Jebusite, meaning treaders or threshers.

^XLI “inhabitants” = yashab. This is to sit and so to remain and so to dwell. It is sitting for any reason – as a judge, in order to ambush, or just sitting quietly. Causatively, this can mean settling or marrying. This can also mean continue, endure, or establish.
^XLII “land” = erets. Root may mean to be firm. This is earth, ground, field land, or country.
^XLIII {untranslated} = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note VII above.
^XLIV “here” = hennah. Related to “look” in v1. Perhaps from hen (see note IX above). This is here in a location or here in a time, i.e. now.

^XLV “blind” = ivver. From avar (to blind, put out). This is blindness or someone who is blind. It can be used literally or figuratively.
^XLVI “lame” = pasach. 8x in OT. This is to stop, pass over, skip over, to spare, become lame, hesitate. It is the root of the word for “Passover” in Hebrew.
^XLVII “turn…back” = sur. This is to turn aside in a literal or figurative sense – to depart, decline, rebel, remove, or withdraw.
^XLVIII “thinking” = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note VII above.

^XLIX “took” = lakad. This is to capture, seize, or imprison. It is to catch something in a snare or net or trap. It can also mean to occupy of select something by casting lots.
^L “stronghold” = matsud. From matsod (bulwark, siege works, net, snare); from tsud (to hunt, to lie in wait in order to catch an animal; used figuratively for capturing people). This is a castle, fortress, or stronghold. Also, a snare, net, or prey. It can abstractly mean capture.
^LI “Zion” = Tsiyyon. Related to tsyiyyun (signpost, monument); from tsavah (to charge someone, to command, order); from the same as tsiyyah (dryness, drought); from a root meaning parched as desert, dry land. Zion can refer to a mountain in Jerusalem as well as another name for Jerusalem itself or the people.
^LII “city” = iyr. From uwr (to awaken or wake oneself up). This can mean excitement in the sense of wakefulness or city. Properly, this is a place that is guarded. Guards kept schedules according to watches. This sense of the word would include cities as well as encampments or posts that were guarded.

^LIII “day” = yom. Root may mean being hot. This is the day in a literal or figurative sense. It can also mean birth, age, daylight, continually or other references to time.
^LIV “whoever” = kol. Same as “all” in v1. See note I above.
^LV “strike down” = nakah. This is to hit whether lightly or severely. It can be used in a literal or figurative sense. So, this could be beat, punish, give wounds, kill, or slaughter.
^LVI “get up” = naga. This is touch, reach, arrive, come near, strike. This is touching for any reason including sexual or violent.

^LVII “water shaft” = tsinnur. 2x in OT. May come from a word that means being hollow. This is a water shaft, a conduit, a spout, or cataracts.
^LVIII “lame” = pisseach. Related to “lame” in v6. 13x in OT. From pasach (see note XLVI above). This is lameness or someone who is lame.
^LIX {untranslated} = nephesh. Related to naphash (to refresh or be refreshed). This is soul, self, person, emotion. It is a breathing creature. Can also refer to appetites and desires.
^LX “hates” = sane. This is to hate, an enemy. It is a personal hatred and not an abstract one.

^LXI “therefore” = ken. Perhaps from kun (properly, in a perpendicular position; literally, to establish, fix, fasten, prepare; figuratively, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous). This is to set upright. Generally used figuratively to mean thus, so, afterwards, rightly so.
^LXII “lame” = pisseach. Same as “lame” in v8. See note LVIII above.
^LXIII “house” = bayit. Related to “old” in v4. Probably from banah (see note XXVIII above). This is house, court, family, palace, temple.

^LXIV “occupied” = yashab. Same as “inhabitants” in v6. See note XLI above.
^LXV “named” = qara. This is to call or call out – to call someone by name. Also used more broadly for calling forth.
^LXVI “built” = banah. Related to “old” in v4 & “house” in v8. See note XXVIII above.
^LXVII “all around” = sabib. From sabab (turning around, going around; to surround, cast, walk, fetch; to revolve or border in a literal or figurative sense). This is a circuit or a circle. It could refer to an environment, one’s neighbors, or a circular path round about.

^LXVIII “Millo” = Millo. 10x in OT. From male (fill, satisfy, replenish, accomplish, fulfill, confirm, or consecrate; fill in a literal or figurative sense). This is Millo, a city near Shechem or a stronghold in Jerusalem. It means “filled,” “terrace,” “elevation,” “rampart,” filling,” “setting up,” or “storage facility.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Millo.html
^LXIX “inward” = bayit. Same as “house” in v8. See note LXIII above.
^LXX “became” = halak…halak. Halak is the same as “marched” in v6. See note XXXIX above. The word is repeated twice – the second time as an Infinitive Absolute. The Infinitive Absolute serves to emphasize the sentiment of the word. It is rather like Foghorn Leghorn’s speech pattern, “I said, I said.”
^LXXI “greater” = gadol. From gadal (to grow up, become great, become wealthy – to advance. The root meaning may be to twist in the sense of the process of growing). This is great, high, bigger, noble, old, marvelous. It can also refer to someone who is powerful or distinguished.

^LXXII {untranslated} = Elohim. Related to “Israel” in v1. See note III above.
^LXXIII “hosts” = tsaba. From tsaba (to wage war, serve, assemble, fight, perform, muster, wait on). This is a large group of persons (used figuratively for a group of things). It implies a campaign literally as with army, war, warfare, battle, company, soldiers. Can also be used figuratively for hardship or for worship.
^LXXIV “Hiram” = Chiram. From Churam (Huram, a name); from Achiram (Ahiram; “brother of the lofty” or “brother of height”); {from ach (brother, kindred, another, other, like) + rum (to be high, rise, exalt self, extol, be haughty; to rise literally or figuratively)} OR from hor (noblemen) + rum (see above). This is Hiram or Chiram, a name that means “most noble,” “high born,” “brother of the lofty.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Hiram.html
^LXXV “Tyre” = Tsor. “From Phoenician “𐤑𐤓‎ (ṣr /Ṣur/, “rock”)”” OR from the same as tsor (flint, stone, knife, edge); from the same as tsar (pebble, flint) or tsur (to confine, cramp, or bind in a literal or figurative sense; to besiege, assault, or distress). This is Tyre, the Phoenician city. Its name may mean “rock.” See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Tyre

^LXXVI “sent” = shalach. This is to send out, away, send for, forsake. It can also mean to divorce or set a slave free.
^LXXVII “messengers” = malak. This is a messenger, an angel, or a deputy of some kind. Can be used for human messengers literally or for prophets, priests, or teachers as messengers of God. Also used for supernatural messengers i.e. angels.
^LXXVIII “cedar” = erez. From araz (made from cedar; to be firm, strong). This is cedar or a cedar tree as strong.

^LXXIX “trees” = ets. Perhaps from atsah (to shut, fasten, firm up, to close one’s eyes). This is tree or other things related to trees like wood, sticks, or stalks. It can also refer to wood products like a plank or staff or gallows. Additionally, this can refer to a carpenter.
^LXXX “carpenters” = charash + ets. Charash is from charash (to scratch, which implies etching or plowing; to manufacture regardless of materials used; figuratively, to devise or conceal; a sense of secrecy; hence, being silent or left alone; speechless). This is an artisan, regardless of medium. So, for example, it could be an engrave, a blacksmith, a mason, and so on. Ets is the same as “trees” in v11. See note LXXIX above.
^LXXXI “masons” = charash + eben + qir. Charash is the same as “carpenters” in v11. See note LXXX above. Eben is a stone, weight, or mason. It is part of the word “Ebenezer.” Qir is perhaps from qur (to dig, destroy, wall up). This is a wall, ceiling, surface, mason, or town.

^LXXXII “perceived” = yada. This is to know, acknowledge, advise, answer, be aware, be acquainted with. Properly, this is to figure something out by seeing. It includes ideas of observation, recognition, and care about something. It can be used causatively for instruction, designation, and punishment.
^LXXXIII “established” = kun. Related to “therefore” in v8. See note LXI above.
^LXXXIV “exalted” = nasa. This is to lift in a broad sense, literally and figuratively. So it could be to carry, take, or arise. It could also be bring forth, advance, accept.
^LXXXV “kingdom” = mamlakah. Related to “king” in v2 & “began to reign” in v4. From the same as melek (see note XV above). This is kingdom, dominion, sovereignty, rule. It can also refer to the realm.
^LXXXVI “sake” = abur. From abar (to pass over, pass through, or pass by; cross over or to alienate; used for transitions). This is for, so that, on account of. Properly, it means crossed.

^LXXXVII “after” = achar. From achar (to remain behind, linger, continue, be behind, or delay; can also imply procrastination). This is after or the last part, following.
^LXXXVIII “took” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^LXXXIX “more” = od. From ud (to admonish, repeat, duplicate, testify, restore, record, relieve). This is still, yet, again, more.
^XC “concubines” = pilegesh. A foreign word – concubine or paramour.

^XCI “wives” = ishshah. Related to “men” in v6. From ish (see note XXXVIII above). This is woman, wife, or female.
^XCII “sons” = ben. Same as “old” in v4. See note XXIX above.
^XCIII “daughters” = bat. Related to “old” in v4 & “house” in v8 & “built” in v9. From ben (see note XXIX above). This is daughter in a literal or figurative sense.
^XCIV “were born” = yalad. This is to bear or bring forth. It can mean to act as midwife or to show one’s lineage. This is often used for birth or begetting.

^XCV “names” = shem. May be from sum (to put, place, set). This is name, fame, renown. A name was thought to indicate something essential about a person – something about their individuality. So, this word can also mean honor, authority, or character.
^XCVI “were born” = yillod. Related to “were born” in v13. 4x in OT. From yalad (see note XCIV above). This is to be born in a passive sense. So, “were born.”
^XCVII “Shammua” = Shammua. 5x in OT. From shama (hear, call, consent, or consider; implies listening intelligently, giving attention; obedience and action are often implied) OR from shamem (to be appalled, astonished; to stun or devastate, be destitute). This is Shammua, which means “renowned” or “hearing.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Shammua.html

^XCVIII “Shobab” = Shobab. 4x in OT. From the same as shobab (turned away, rebellious, faithless); from shub (to turn back, return, turn away – literally or figuratively; not necessarily implying going back to where you started from). This is Shobab, which may mean “rebellious” or “returning” or “backsliding” or “brought back;” see https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Shobab.html
^XCIX “Nathan” = Natan. From natan (to give, put, set, offer; to give literally or figuratively). This is Nathan, meaning “given” or “[God] gives.”
^C “Solomon” = Shelomoh. Related to “Jerusalem” in v5. From shalam (see note XXXVI above). This is Solomon or Shelomoh, meaning “peaceful.” It is the same word as the Hebrew word for peace – shalom.

^CI “Ibhar” = Yibchar. 3x in OT. From bachar (to choose, appoint, try, excellent). This is Ibhar, which may mean “choice” or “he chooses” or “[whom] he elects” or “whom God chooses.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ibhar.html
^CII “Elishua” = Elishua. Related to “Israel” in v1 & “God” in v10. 2x in OT. From El (see note III above) + shua (cry for help, riches); {from shava (crying or shouting aloud; seeking freedom from some kind of trouble)} OR from El (see note III above) + yasha (to deliver, defend, help, preserve, rescue; properly, to be open, wide or free, which implies being safe; in a causative sense, to free someone). This is Elishua, which may mean “God of supplication” or “God of crying” or “God of riches” or “God is opulence” or “God of the rich” or “God is salvation.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Elishua.html
^CIII “Nepheg” = Nepheg. 4x in OT. May come from a word meaning springing forth. Nepheg may mean “a sprout.”
^CIV “Japhia” = Yaphia. 5x in OT. From yapha (shine out beams, look favorably). This is Japhia, a name and a city that means “bright” or “illustrious” or “may he cause to shine forth.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Japhia.html

^CV “Elishama” = Elishama. Related to “Israel” in v1 & “God” in v10 & “Elishua” in v15 and to “Shammua” in v14. 17x in OT. From El (see note III above) + shama (see note XCVII above). This is Elishama, which may mean “God has heard” or “God of hearing.”
^CVI “Eliada” = Elyada. Related to “Israel” in v1 & “God” in v10 & “Elishua” in v15 & “Elishama” in v16 and to “perceived” in v12. 4x in OT. From El (see note III above) + yada (see note LXXXII above). This is Eliada, which may mean “God is knowing” or “God knows” or “God has known;” see https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Eliada.html
^CVII “Eliphelet” = Elpihelet. Related to “Israel” in v1 & “God” in v10 & “Elishua” in v15 & “Elishama” and “Eliada” in v16. 9x in OT. From El (see note III above) + pallet (deliverance, escape); {from palat (to escape, slip out, deliver, calve)}. This is Eliphelet or Elpelet. It may mean “God of deliverance” or “God is deliverance.”

^CVIII “Philistines” = Pelishti. From Pelesheth (Philistia); from palash (to mourn, wallow, maybe roll in). This is Philistines. Their name may mean “griever” or “burrower” or “weakener.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Philistine.html.
^CIX “heard” = shama. Related to “Shammua” in v14 & “Elishama” in v16. See note XCVII above.
^CX “went up” = alah. This is to go up, approach, ascend, be high, be a priority; to arise in a literal or figurative sense.
^CXI “search” = baqash. This is to seek, ask, desire, or request. It can be any kind of searching. It can also mean to worship or pray – implies a striving for.
^CXII “went down” = yarad. This is to go down, descend; going down in a literal or figurative sense. It can be going to the shore or a boundary, bringing down an enemy.

^CXIII “spread out” = natash. Properly, this is to beat or pound as when something is beaten in order to expand or disperse. It can be leave, abandon, allow, neglect, spread, fall, or thrust out.
^CXIV “valley” = emeq. From amoq (to be deep in a literal or figurative sense; profound). This is Vale or valley – frequently part of place names.
^CXV “Rephaim” = Rapha. From raphah (to slacken in a literal or figurative sense. So, it could be to hang, be feeble, fail, drop, be helpless, relax, slink, subside, or wait) OR from rapha (properly, to repair by stitching – figuratively to heal or cure; to make whole). This is Rapha or Rephaim. It is someone who lived east of Jordan, a giant. It may mean “faded ones,” “healed ones,” or “what we’ve been healed from.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Rephaim.html

^CXVI “inquired” = shaal. Related to “Saul” in v2. See note XIII above.
^CXVII {untranslated} = amar. Same as “said” in v1. See note VII above.
^CXVIII “give” = natan. Related to “Nathan” in v14. See note XCIX above.
^CXIX “hand” = yad. This is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.
^CXX “certainly give” = natan + natan. Same as “give” in v19. See note CXVIII above. The word is repeated twice – the first time as an Infinitive Absolute. The Infinitive Absolute serves to emphasize the sentiment of the word. It is rather like Foghorn Leghorn’s speech pattern, “I said, I said.”

^CXXI “Baal-perazim” = Baal peratsim. 4x in OT. From baal (owner, master, husband); {from baal (to marry, have dominion over, to master)} + perets (a breach or a gap; a break, literal or figurative); {from parats (to make a breach, burst out, compel, disperse; to break out literally or figuratively)}. This is Baal-perazim, which may mean “Lord of the breakthroughs” or “master of breakthroughs” or “possessor of breaches” or “lord of breakings through” or “place of breaches.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Baal-perazim.html.
^CXXII “defeated” = nakah. Same as “strike down” in v8. See note LV above.
^CXXIII “burst forth” = parats. Related to “Baal-erazim” in v20. See note CXXI above.
^CXXIV “enemies” = oyeb. From ayab (to hate or be hostile to). This is a foe or enemy as one that you are hostile to.

^CXXV “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v3. See note XXV above.
^CXXVI “bursting” = perets. Related to “Baal-perazim” and “burst forth” in v20. 19x in OT. See note CXXI above.
^CXXVII “flood” = mayim. This is water, waters, or waterway in a general sense. Figuratively, it can also mean juice, urine, or semen.
^CXXVIII {untranslated} = shem. Same as “names” in v14. See note XCV above.
^CXXIX “place” = maqom. From qum (to arise, stand, accomplish, establish, abide; rising against, getting up after being sick or asleep, arising from one state to another, becoming powerful, or rising for action; standing in a figurative sense). This is a standing, which is to say a spot or space a place. It can also refer to a locality or a physical/mental condition. HaMaqom is also a Jewish name for God – the place, i.e. the Omnipresent One.

^CXXX “abandoned” = azab. To loosen, relinquish, permit, forsake, fail, leave destitute.
^CXXXI “idols” = atsab. 18x in OT. From atsab (to shape, fashion). This is an idol or an image.
^CXXXII “men” = enosh. Related to “men” in v6 & “wives” in v13. See note XXXVIII above.
^CXXXIII “carried…away” = nasa. Same as “exalted” in v12. See note LXXXIV above.
^CXXXIV “once again” = yasaph + od. Yasaph is to add, increase, continue, exceed. Od is the same as “more” in v13. See note LXXXIX above.
^CXXXV “came up” = alah. Same as “went up” in v17. See note CX above.

^CXXXVI “go around” = sabab. Related to “all around” in v9. See note LXVII above.
^CXXXVII “rear” = achar. Same as “after” in v13. See note LXXXVII above.
^CXXXVIII “opposite” = mul. Related to “for some time” in v2. See note XII above.
^CXXXIX “balsam trees” = baka. 4x in OT. From the same as Baka (Baka, a valley; may mean “weeping”); from bakah (to weep, complain, lament). This is balsam or mulberry trees. A tree that cries may refer to one that is gum-distilling.

^CXL {untranslated} = hayah. Same as “was” in v2. See note XIV above.
^CXLI “sound” = qol. This is a sound, used often for human voices. Also used when God speaks or angels, animals or instruments. It can be a cry or a noise, thunder or earthquakes and so on.
^CXLII “marching” = tsadah. Related to “water shaft” in v8. 3x in OT. From tsaad (step, pace, or stride); {from tsanteroth (spear, tube, pipe); {probably from the same as tsinnur (see note LVII above) or tsinnor (pipe, conduit for water, waterfall)} or from tsaad (to step, go, run, walk, to pace; to march with a regular step, climb up, hurl down)}. This is step or pace, which can imply a march. It can also refer to jewelry (armlet or ankle chain).
^CXLIII “tops” = rosh. This may come a word that means to shake. It is the head, captain, or chief. It can also be excellent or the forefront. It can be first in position or in statue or in time (i.e. the beginning).

^CXLIV “then” = az. This is beginning, now, from, since.
^CXLV “be on the alert” = charats. 12x in OT. This is to cut, sharpen, decree, wound, be alert, move. It can also be to decide or determine.
^CXLVI “before” = paneh. Same as “before” in v3. See note XXV above.
^CXLVII “army” = machaneh. From chanah (to decline, bending down, or living in tents; can be camping to create a home or camping as a part of battle). This is an encampment, whether of people traveling together or soldiers. So, it can be a camp band, or company as well as an army of soldiers. Also can be used of other groups like animals, angels or stars.
^CXLVIII “did” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.
^CXLIX “just” = ken. Same as “therefore” in v8. See note LXI above.

^CL “commanded” = tsavah. Related to “Zion” in v7. See note LI above.
^CLI “Geba” = Geba. 18x in OT. Perhaps akin to gabia (cup, bowl, flower; root might mean being convex) OR from gibeah (hill). This is Geba or Gibeah, a city whose name means “hill.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Gibeah.html
^CLII “all the way to” = ad + bo. Ad is from the same as ad (old, perpetuity, eternity; a duration going back or forward); from adah (to advance or continue; to take away or remove; adorning oneself with ornaments). This is up to, until before. Bo is the same as “came” in v1. See note IV above.
^CLIII “Gezer” = Gezer. 15x in OT. From gezer (piece, part, portion); from gazar (to cut or cut down; figuratively, to divide, exclude, decree, or destroy). This is Gezer, a city that means “portion.”