2 Samuel 8

^I {untranslated} = hayah. This is to be or become, to happen.
^II “some time” = ken. Perhaps from kun (properly, in a perpendicular position; literally, to establish, fix, fasten, prepare; figuratively, it is certainty, to be firm, faithfulness, render sure or prosperous). This is to set upright. Generally used figuratively to mean thus, so, afterwards, rightly so.
^III “afterward” = achar. From achar (to remain behind, linger, continue, be behind, or delay; can also imply procrastination). This is after or the last part, following.

^IV “David” = David. From the same as dod (beloved, love, uncle); the root may mean to boil, which is used figuratively to describe love. So, this implies someone you love such as a friend, a lover, or a close family member like an uncle. David’s name likely means something like “beloved one.”
^V “attacked” = nakah. This is to hit whether lightly or severely. It can be used in a literal or figurative sense. So, this could be beat, punish, give wounds, kill, or slaughter.
^VI “Philistines” = Pelishti. From Pelesheth (Philistia); from palash (to mourn, wallow, maybe roll in). This is Philistines. Their name may mean “griever” or “burrower” or “weakener.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Philistine.html.
^VII “subdued” = kama. This is to be humble, bring low, bend the knee, or subdue.

^VIII “took” = laqach. This is to take, accept, carry away, receive. It can also have the sense of take a wife or take in marriage.
^IX “Metheg-ammah” = Metheg haamah. 1x in OT. From metheg (may come from a word meaning curb; a bit or bridle; figuratively, control or authority) + ammah (a cubit, post, threshold, pivot; mother as the basic measure – the length of the forearm; also mother as the which bonds an entryway i.e. the base of the door); {from the same as em (mother as binding a family together or a breeding female animal; mother in a literal or figurative sense)}. This is Metheg-ammah, which may mean “bridle of the mother city” or “control of the capital.”
^X “hand” = yad. This is hand, ability, power. Hand in a literal sense, but also what one can do or the means by which one does it.

^XI “defeated” = nakah. Same as “attacked” in v1. See note V above.
^XII “Moabites” = Moab. May be from ab (father, ancestor, grandfather; father in a literal or figurative sense). This is Moab or Moabite. Name could mean “from her father” in reference to the incestuous relationship between Lot and his daughters. The name could also mean, more pleasantly, “seed of a father” or “desirable land.” See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moab
^XIII “lie down” = shakab. This is to lie down, lodge. It is lying for sleep, sex, or other reasons.
^XIV “ground” = erets. Root may mean to be firm. This is earth, ground, field land, or country.

^XV “measured…off” = madad. This is to measure, stretch, be extended, continue.
^XVI “cord” = chebel. From chabal (to bind, pledge, or wind tight; figuratively, can refer to perverting or destroying something; can also be used of writhing in pain, particularly in reference to childbirth). This is a band, rope, measuring line, noose. It can be a company, territory, or country. It can also refer to a throe of labor or ruin.
^XVII “two” = shenayim. From sheni (double, again, another, second); from shanah (to fold, repeat, double, alter, or disguise). This is two, both, second, couple.
^XVIII “lengths” = melo. From male (fill, satisfy, replenish, accomplish, fulfill, confirm, or consecrate; fill in a literal or figurative sense). This is fullness in a literal or figurative sense.

^XIX “put to death” = mut. This is to die in a literal or figurative sense. It can also refer to being a dead body.
^XX “spared” = chayah. This is to live or keep alive in a literal or figurative sense. So, it can be revive, nourish, or save.
^XXI “became” = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note I above.

^XXII “servants” = ebed. From abad (to work, serve, compel; any kind of work; used causatively, can mean to enslave or keep in bondage). This is a servant, slave, or bondservant.
^XXIII “brought” = nasa. This is to lift in a broad sense, literally and figuratively. So it could be to carry, take, or arise. It could also be bring forth, advance, accept.
^XXIV “tribute” = minchah. This is a gift or an offering, particularly a sacrificial one that is generally bloodless and given spontaneously (voluntarily).

^XXV “struck down” = nakah. Same as “attacked” in v1. See note V above.
^XXVI “king” = melek. From malak (to be or become king or queen, to rise to the throne, to be crowned; by implication, to take counsel). This is king or royal.
^XXVII “Zobah” = Tsobah. 12x in OT. Perhaps from tsaba (to wage war, serve, assemble, fight, perform, muster, wait on) OR from tsabah (to swell, grow, amass like an army). This is Zobah, Tsoba, or Tsobah, which may come from a word meaning to station. So, it is “a station” or “engagement” or “collective” or “beauty” or “depression.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Zobah.html

^XXVIII “Hadadezer” = Hadadezer. From Hadad (the name of a foreign god and a personal name; it may mean “fierceness,” “chief,” “most eminent,” “most high, “thunder,” or “shout”); {from the same as hedad (a shout, cheer) or from hadad (to thunder, make a loud sound)} + ezer (help, aid, helper); {from azar (to help, protect, support, ally; properly, to surround so as to provide aid)}. This is Hadadezer, meaning “Hadad is help” or “Hadad is helper.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Hadadezer.html
^XXIX “son” = ben. From banah (to build or obtain children). This is son, age, child. It is son in a literal or figurative sense.
^XXX “Rehob” = Rechob. 10x in OT. From rachab (to grow wide or enlarge in a literal or figurative sense; extend, relieve, rejoice, or speak boldly). This is Rehob or Rechob, meaning “width” or “wide place” or “open place” or “open place” or “open space” or “a street” or “market.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Rehob.html

^XXXI “went” = halak. This is go, come, walk. It is walk literally and figuratively and includes people and animals. It can be used figuratively for one’s moral life – how we walk according to God’s way or against it. It can also refer to the walk of life as in the course one’s life takes, the choices we make, etc.
^XXXII “restore” = shub. To turn back, return, turn away – literally or figuratively. Doesn’t necessarily imply going back to where you started from. This is also the root verb for the Hebrew word for repentance “teshubah.”
^XXXIII “monument” = yad. Same as “hand” in v1. See note X above.
^XXXIV “River” = nahar. From nahar (to flow, sparkle, be cheerful). This is a stream, river, or flood. Particularly used for the Nile or Euphrates. Figuratively, this can mean prosperity.
^XXXV “Euphrates” = Perath. 19x in OT. From Old Persian ufratush (Euphrates); from Akkadian Purattu (Euphrates); borrowed from Sumerian Buranun (Euphrates). In English, we follow the Greek version of the river name Euphrates (Euphrates, perhaps to be understood as “good fruitful one”); adapted from eu (good, well, well, done) + phrazo (to announce) OR Greek adapted from eu (see above) + Hebrew Parat (Perath); {from para (to be fruitful)}. This is Euphrates or Perath – perhaps meaning “to break forth” or “rushing” or “good fruitful one.” See https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Euphrates & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphrates & https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Euphrates.html

^XXXVI “took” = lakad. This is to capture, seize, or imprison. It is to catch something in a snare or net or trap. It can also mean to occupy of select something by casting lots.
^XXXVII “thousand” = eleph. Perhaps from the same as eleph (herd, cattle); from alaph (to learn, speak, associate with). This is thousand.
^XXXVIII “seven” = sheba. This is seven or by sevenfold. It can also be used to imply a week or an indefinite number. Symbolically, this is the number of fullness, sacredness, perfection.
^XXXIX “hundred” = meah. This is hundred or some number times one hundred (i.e. hundredfold or the base of two hundred, three hundred, etc.).

^XL “horsemen” = parash. From parash (to make distinct, separate, scatter; can also imply to wound). This is a horse or a person who rides a horse. A chariot driver or cavalry as a collective.
^XLI “twenty” = esrim. From the same as eser (ten, tenth). This is twenty or twentieth.
^XLII “foot” = ragli. 12x in OT. From the same as regel (foot, endurance, or journey; a foot as the means of walking and so it implies a step or a greater journey; can euphemistically mean private parts). This is on foot or a soldier (as one who goes on foot).
^XLIII “soldiers” = ish. Perhaps from enosh (human, humankind, mortal); from anash (to be weak, sick, or frail). This is man, husband, another, or humankind.

^XLIV “hamstrung” = aqar. 7x in OT. From eqer (stock, member, offshoot; figuratively, could be a descendant or someone who is transplanted like an immigrant who takes up permanent residence). This is to dig down, pull up – particularly by root. It can also mean to hamstring (oxen or horses) or figuratively to exterminate.
^XLV “all” = kol. From kalal (to complete). This is all or every.
^XLVI “chariot” = rekeb. From rakab (to ride an animal or in some vehicle; also, bringing on a horse). This is a vehicle, wagon, or chariot. It can be cavalry or an individual rider.
^XLVII “left” = yathar. This is to jut over, remain behind, preserve, to excel. It can be to leave or to be in abundance.

^XLVIII “Arameans” = Aram. Perhaps from ‘armon (any fortified building – castle, citadel, palace) OR from rum (to be high, rise, exalt self, extol, be haughty; to rise literally or figuratively). This is Aram, Syria, Mesopotamia – meaning elevated or citadel. See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Aram.html#.XqfDX8hKhPY
^XLIX “Damascus” = Dammeseq. From Old Aramaic dammasq (Damascus); perhaps related to d-r (dwelling) OR in Syriac darsuq (“a well-watered land”). This is Damascus. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus.
^L “came” = bo. This is to enter, come in, advance, fulfill, bring offerings, enter to worship, attack. It can also have a sexual connotation.

^LI “help” = azar. Related to “Hadadezer” in v3. See note XXVIII above.
^LII “killed” = nakah. Same as “attacked” in v1. See note V above.
^LIII “men” = ish. Same as “soldiers” in v4. See note XLIII above.
^LIV “put” = sim. This is to put or place in a literal or figurative sense. It can be appoint, care, change, make, and may other things.
^LV “garrisons” = netsib. 12x in OT. From natsab (to station, appoint, establish, take a stand). This is something that stands like a pillar, statute, or post. It could also be an officer, a garrison, or a military post.

^LVI “Lord” = YHVH. Related to {untranslated} in v1. From havah (to be, become) or hayah (see note I above). This is the name of the God of Israel, the self-existent and eternal one, the tetragrammaton. This pronunciation has been lost to time so “Lord” is generally used in its place.
^LVII “gave victory” = yasha. To deliver, defend, help, preserve, rescue, be safe. Properly, to be open, wide or free, which implies being safe. Used causatively, it means to free.
^LVIII “wherever” = kol. Same as “all” in v4. See note XLV above.

^LIX “took” = laqach. Same as “took” in v1. See note VIII above.
^LX “gold” = zahab. Root may mean to shimmer. This is gold or something that has the color of gold like oil. It can also refer to a clear sky – to good weather.
^LXI “shields” = shelet. 7x in OT. Perhaps from shalat (to rule, dominate, govern; it can also mean to bear or permit). This is a shield or quiver.

^LXII “carried” = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note I above.
^LXIII “brought” = bo. Same as “came” in v5. See note L above.
^LXIV “Jerusalem” = Yerushalaim. From yarah (to throw, shoot, be stunned; to flow as water so figuratively to instruct or teach) + shalam (to make amends, to be complete or sound). This is Jerusalem, dwelling of peace.

^LXV “Betah” = Betach. 1x in OT. From the same as betach (a place of refuge; confidence, security, hope, trust, or assurance); from batach (to hide for refuge, be secure or sure; figuratively, it refers to trust, being confident, or hoping). This is Betah, which may mean “security” or “safety” or “confidence” or “trust.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Betah.html
^LXVI “Berothai” = Berothah. 2x in OT. Probably from beroth (wells, cypress); from berosh (a cypress, fir, or juniper; something made of this wood like a lance of musical instrument). This is Berothai or Berothah, which means “cypress” or “cypress-like.”
^LXVII “towns” = iyr. From uwr (to awaken or wake oneself up). This can mean excitement in the sense of wakefulness or city. Properly, this is a place that is guarded. Guards kept schedules according to watches. This sense of the word would include cities as well as encampments or posts that were guarded.

^LXVIII “took” = laqach. Same as “took” in v1. See note VIII above.
^LXIX “great amount” = rabah + meod. Rabah is increasing in any aspect whether quantity, authority, size, quality, greatness, etc. Meod is perhaps from the same as uwd (firebrand, a poker). This is very, greatly, exceedingly. It can also mean vehemence, force, abundance.
^LXX “bronze” = nechosheth. Perhaps from nechushah (copper, bronze, brass – something made from this metal like a coin or fetter; something that is considered base in contrast to gold or silver.; from nachush (made of bronze or brass, coppery; figuratively, hard); from nachash (to divine, interpret omens, learn from experience, observe; to hiss). This is bronze, copper, steel, brass or something made from copper. So, it could be a coin or chains. It can also figuratively mean something considered lesser in contrast to gold or silver.

^LXXI “Toi” = Tou. 5x in OT. From taah (to wander, deceive, seduce, vacillate; to stray in a literal or figurative sense). This is Toi, which means “error” or “erroneous cause of action.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Toi.html
^LXXII “Hamath” = Chamath. From the same as chemeth (waterskin, bottle); from the same as chomah (a wall for protection); from the same as cham (father-in-law – one’s husband’s father; perhaps from a root meaning to join). This is Hamath or Chamath, a place whose name means “walled” or “fortification” or “fortress” or “defense” or “citadel” or “waterskin.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Hamath.html
^LXXIII “heard” = shama. This is to hear, call, consent, or consider. It implies listening intelligently, giving attention, and, because of these two factors, obedience and action are often implied.

^LXXIV “whole” = kol. Same as “all” in v4. See note XLV above.
^LXXV “army” = chel. From chul (whirling around so dancing as in a circle or writhing in pain; used particularly for the pain of childbirth or from writhing due to fear; can also be falling in pain or waiting) OR from chayil (strength, wealth, ability, activity; a soldier or a company of soldiers; goods; a force of people, means, or goods; valor, virtue, or strength); from chul (to be firm, strong, prosperous; to endure). This is an army, entrenchment, fortress, wall, or host.
^LXXVI “sent” = shalach. This is to send out, away, send for, forsake. It can also mean to divorce or set a slave free.
^LXXVII “Joram” = Yoram. Related to {untranslated} in v1 & “Lord” in v6 & to “Arameans” in v5. From the same as Yehoram (Jehoram, meaning “the Lord is exalted”); {from YHVH (see note LVI above) + rum (rise, bring up, being high, extol, exalt, haughty; to raise in a literal or figurative sense)}. This is Joram or Jehoram, which means “the Lord raised” or “the Lord is exalted.”

^LXXVIII “greet” = shaal + shalom. Shaal is to ask, inquire, beg, borrow, desire, request. It can also mean to demand. Shalom is related to “Jerusalem” in v7. From shalam (see note LXIV above). This is completeness, soundness, welfare, favor, friend, good health. It is to be safe and figuratively well, happy, at peace, friendly. Abstractly, it includes the ideas of welfare and prosperity (not in excessive wealth, but in having enough).
^LXXIX “congratulate” = barak. This is to kneel, to bless. It is blessing God as part of worship and adoration or blessing humans to help them. It can be used as a euphemism to say curse God.
^LXXX “fought” = lacham. This is to eat or feed on. Figuratively, it is to battle as a kind of consumption/destruction.

^LXXXI “been” = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note I above.
^LXXXII {untranslated} = ish. Same as “soldiers” in v4. See note XLIII above.
^LXXXIII “war” = milchamah. Related to “fought” in v10. From lacham (see note LXXX above). This is battle, war, fighting, or one who fights (i.e. a warrior).
^LXXXIV “with” = yad. Same as “hand” in v1. See note X above.
^LXXXV “brought” = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note I above.

^LXXXVI “articles” = keli. From kalah (to end, be finished, complete, prepare, consume, spent, or completely destroyed). This is something that was prepared – any implement, utensil, article, vessel, weapon, or instrument. Also includes jewels, weapons, bags, carriages, and furniture.
^LXXXVII “silver” = keseph. From kasaph (to long for, be greedy; to become pale). This is silver or money.
^LXXXVIII {untranslated} = keli. Same as “articles” in v10. See note LXXXVI above.
^LXXXIX {untranslated} = keli. Same as “articles” in v10. See note LXXXVI above.

^XC “also” = gam. This is also, moreover, again.
^XCI “dedicated” = qadash. From qodesh (set apart and so sacred; God is different from us and so God is holy/set apart; things we dedicate to God’s service are set apart for God and so they, too, are holy). This is set apart, consecrated, hallowed, sanctified. This is something or someone that is set apart for a holy purpose or use – ceremonially or morally clean.
^XCII “nations” = goy. From the same root as gevah (the back, person, or body); related to gev (among); related to gaah (to rise up). This is nation or people. Often used to refer to Gentiles or foreign nations. It can also be used figuratively for a group of animals. This is where the Yiddish “goy” comes from.
^XCIII “subdued” = kabash. 14x in OT. This is to subdue, tread down, trample, disregard, violate, assault, or conquer.

^XCIV “Edom” = Aram. Same as “Arameans” in v5. See note XLVIII above.
^XCV “Moab” = Moab. Same as “Moabites” in v2. See note XII above.
^XCVI “Ammonites” = ben + Ammon. Ben is the same as “son” in v3. See note XXIX above. Ammon is from im (with, against, before, beside); {perhaps from amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together)} OR from am (people or nation; a tribe, troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals); {from amam (see above)}. This is Ammon, which may mean “tribal.”
^XCVII “Amalek” = Amaleq. Perhaps from amal (to work – hard labor) OR from am (people or nation; a tribe, troops or armies, or figuratively to refer to a flock of animals); {from amam (to darken, hide, associate; creating shadows by huddling together)} + laqaq (to lap, lick) OR from am (see above) + malaq (to wring, nip; to remove a bird’s head). This is Amalek or Amalekite. It may mean “people that wring,” “people that lap,” “nippers,” or “lickers.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Amalekite.html & https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Amalek.html
^XCVIII “spoil” = shalal. From shalal (to plunder, loot, capture). This is spoil, prey, or plunder.

^XCIX “won” = asah. This is to make, do, act, appoint, become in many senses.
^C “name” = shem. Related to “put” in v6. May be from sim (see note LIV above). This is name, fame, renown. A name was thought to indicate something essential about a person – something about their individuality. So, this word can also mean honor, authority, or character.
^CI “returned” = shub. Same as “restore” in v3. See note XXXII above.
^CII “eighteen” = shemoneh + asar. Shemoneh is perhaps from shamen (to shine, which implies being oily, growing fat); from shaman (to grow fat, shine, be oily). This is eight or eighth. It can refer to abundance as being more than 7, the number of sacred fullness. Asar is related to “twenty” in v4. From the same as eser (see note XLI above). This is -teen or -teenth.

^CIII “Edomites” = Aram. Same as “Arameans” in v5. See note XLVIII above.
^CIV “Valley” = gay. Related to “nations” in v11. Perhaps from the same as gevah (see note XCII above). This is valley or gorge that has high walls. It is, perhaps, a narrow valley, but not a winter-torrent.
^CV “Salt” = melach. Perhaps from malach (properly, to pulverize, temper together, dissipate; also to season or salt). This is powder; used for salt or salt pit.
^CVI “Edom” = Edom. From the same as adom (to be red or flushed). This is Edom or Idumaea. It means red.

^CVII “reigned” = malak. Related to “king” in v3. See note XXVI above.
^CVIII “Israel” = Yisrael. From sarah (to persist, exert oneself, contend, persevere, wrestle, prevail) + El (God or god). This is Israel, meaning God strives or one who strives with God; new name for Jacob and for his offspring. This refers to the people and to the land.
^CIX {untranslated} = hayah. Same as {untranslated} in v1. See note I above.
^CX “administered” = asah. Same as “won” in v13. See note XCIX above.

^CXI “justice” = mishpat. From shaphat (to judge, defend, pronounce judgment, condemn, govern). This is a verdict or formal sentence whether from humans or from God. It includes the act of judging as well as the place that judging takes place, the suit itself, and the penalty. Abstractly, this is justice, which includes the rights of the participants.
^CXII “equity” = tsedaqah. From the same as tsedeq (rightness, righteousness, vindication. It is everything that is just or ethical. That which is right in a natural, moral, or legal sense. It also includes just weights (i.e. true weights). Figuratively, this is justice, righteousness, equity – even prosperity). This is righteousness, justice, righteous acts, and moral virtue.
^CXIII “people” = am. Related to “Ammonites” in v12. See note XCVI above.

^CXIV “Joab” = Yoab. Related to {untranslated} in v1 & “Lord” in v6 & “Joram” in v10 & to “Moabites” in v2. From YHVH (see note LVI above) + ab (see note XII above). This is Joab or Yoab, meaning “the Lord is father.”
^CXV “Zeruiah” = Tseruyah. Related to {untranslated} in v1 & “Lord” in v6 & “Joram” in v10 & “Joab” in v16. From the same as tsori (root might be to crack as under pressure, to leak; gum from the balsam tree – perhaps commiphora gileadensis) + Yah (the shortened form of the name of the God of Israel; God, Lord); {from YHVH (see note LVI above) OR tsur (rock, stone, cliff, boulder, rocky; a refuge, God); {from tsur (to confine, cramp, or bind in a literal or figurative sense; to besiege, assault, or distress)} + Yah (see above). This is Zeruiah, meaning “wounded” or “balsam of the Lord” or “his rock is the Lord.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Zeruiah.html & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balsam & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balm_of_Gilead.
^CXVI “army” = tsaba. From tsaba (to wage war, serve, assemble, fight, perform, muster, wait on). This is a large group of persons (used figuratively for a group of things). It implies a campaign literally as with army, war, warfare, battle, company, soldiers. Can also be used figuratively for hardship or for worship.

^CXVII “Jehoshaphat” = Yehoshaphat. Related to {untranslated} in v1 & “Lord” in v6 & “Joram” in v10 & “Joab” and “Zeruiah” in v16 & to “justice” in v15. From YHVH (see note LVI above) + shaphat (to judge, defend, pronounce judgment, condemn, govern). This is Jehoshaphat, meaning “the Lord has judged.”
^CXVIII “Ahilud” = Achilud. 5x in OT. From ach (brother, kindred, another, other, like) + yalad (to bear, bring forth; can mean to act as midwife or to show one’s lineage). This is Ahilud, meaning “brother of one born” or “child’s brother” or “brother brings forth.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Ahilud.html
^CXIX “was recorder” = zakar. This is to remember, to mark something so that it can be recalled, to be mindful of, to mention.

^CXX “Zadok” = Tsadoq. Related to “equity” in v15. From tsadaq (to be just or righteous, do justice); from tsedeq (see note CXII above). This is Zadok, a name meaning “just” or “righteous.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Zadok.html
^CXXI “Ahitub” = Achitub. Related to “Ahilud” in v16. 15x in OT. From ach (see note CXVIII above) + tub (goodness, gladness, something that is good; beauty, welfare, or joy); {from tob (to be pleasing, to be good)}. This is Ahitub, which means “my brother is goodness” or “brother of goodness.”
^CXXII “Ahimelech” = Achimelek. Related to “Ahilud” in v16 & “Ahitub” in v17 & to “king” in v3 & “reigned” in v15. 17x in OT. From ach (see note CXVIII above) + melek (see note XXVI above). This is Ahimelech, meaning “brother of a king.” It is a name used by Israelites and Hittites.

^CXXIII “Abiathar” = Ebyathar. Related to “Moabites” in v2 & “Joab” in v16 & to “left” in v4. From ab (see note XII above) + yathar (see note XLVII above). This is Abiathar, which means “the great one is father” or “father of abundance” i.e. liberal or “father of a remnant” or “father of preeminence” or “father of plenty.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Abiathar.html
^CXXIV “priests” = kohen. This is literally the one who officiates i.e. the priest. This is where the Jewish last name “Cohen” (and its variants) comes from.
^CXXV “Seraiah” = Serayah. Related to “Israel” in v15 & to {untranslated} in v1 & “Lord” in v6 & “Joram” in v10 & “Joab” and “Zeruiah” and “Jehoshaphat” in v16. from sarah (see note CVIII above) + yah (see note CXV above). This is Seraiah, meaning “the Lord persists” or “the Lord has prevailed.”
^CXXVI “secretary” = saphar. From sepher (writing, document, book, evidence). This is properly to tally or record something. It can be enumerate, recount, number, celebrate, or declare.

^CXXVII “Benaiah” = Benayahu. Related to “son” in v3 & to {untranslated} in v1 & “Lord” in v6 & “Joram” in v10 & “Joab” and “Zeruiah” and “Jehoshaphat” in v16 & “Seraiah” in v17. From banah (see note XXIX above) + Yah (see note CXV above). This is Benaiah, which means “the Lord has built up” or “the Lord has built” or “son of God.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Benaiah.html.
^CXXVIII “Jehoiada” = Yehoyada. Related to {untranslated} in v1 & “Lord” in v6 & “Joram” in v10 & “Joab” and “Zeruiah” and “Jehoshaphat” in v16 & “Seraiah” in v17 & “Benaiah” in v18. From YHVH (see note LVI above) + yada (to know, be aware, see and so understand – includes observation, care, recognition; can also be used as a euphemism). This is Jehoiada, which means “the Lord knows” or “Lord-known.”
^CXXIX “Cherethites” = Kerethi. 8x in OT. From karat (to cut down, cut off, or make a covenant; there is an idiom for making a covenant, which is “to cut a covenant”). This is Cherethites, which may have a meaning related to executioner.
^CXXX “Pelethites” = Peleti. 7x in OT– 4x in 2 Samuel & 2x in 1 Kings & 1x in 1 Chronicles.  From the same as Peleth (Peleth, which may come from a word that means fleeing). This is Pelethites, which may refer to soldiers, couriers, or messengers of the king. It may mean “special forces” or “refugees.” See https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Pelethites.html